1.
The Man Behind the Badge
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The Man Behind the Badge is the title of a half-hour American television police drama series which aired on the CBS network from 1953–54, originally hosted by Norman Rose. In its second syndicated season, the host became character actor Charles Bickford, years later, Bickford appeared as one of the owners of Shiloh Ranch in the NBC western series, The Virginian. In its first season, The Man Behind the Badge aired live on Sundays at 9,30 p. m. EST opposite ABCs Jukebox Jury, beginning in January 1955, a filmed, syndicated edition of the program was distributed to local stations. In an interview with Kliph Nesteroff, assistant director Arthur Marks stated the episodes were shot at the same time. The series is based on crime stories from around the world. Recurring Roles and Notable Guest Stars, The Man Behind the Badge at the Internet Movie Database TV. com, The Man Behind the Badge The Man Behind the Badge at CVTA with episode list
2.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is a part of the Boston metropolitan area. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 105,162. As of July 2014, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge was one of the two seats of Middlesex County prior to the abolition of county government in 1997, Lowell was the other. The site for what would become Cambridge was chosen in December 1630, because it was located safely upriver from Boston Harbor, Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and her husband Simon, were among the first settlers of the town. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631, the settlement was initially referred to as the newe towne. Official Massachusetts records show the name capitalized as Newe Towne by 1632, the original village site is in the heart of todays Harvard Square. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge itself to the city of Boston were pursued and rejected, in 1636, the Newe College was founded by the colony to train ministers. Newe Towne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court primarily—according to Cotton Mather—to be near the popular, in May 1638 the name of the settlement was changed to Cambridge in honor of the university in Cambridge, England. Hooker and Shepard, Newtownes ministers, and the colleges first president, major benefactor, in 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. It was Governor Thomas Dudley who, in 1650, signed the charter creating the corporation which still governs Harvard College, Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles by road from Boston, the capital of the colony. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town. Coming up from Virginia, George Washington took command of the volunteer American soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3,1775, most of the Tory estates were confiscated after the Revolution. On January 24,1776, Henry Knox arrived with artillery captured from Fort Ticonderoga, a second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts, in the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature. Cambridge was home to some of the famous Fireside Poets—so called because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires, the Fireside Poets—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes—were highly popular and influential in their day. Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846, the citys commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the downtown of the city around this time. The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three changes in the city, the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave. For many decades, the citys largest employer was the New England Glass Company, by the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world
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Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
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Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
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California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
6.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
7.
The Song of Bernadette (film)
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The Song of Bernadette is a 1943 drama film that tells the story of Bernadette Soubirous, who, from February to July 1858 in Lourdes, France, reported eighteen visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was directed by Henry King, the film was adapted by George Seaton from the 1941 novel The Song of Bernadette, written by Franz Werfel. The novel was popular, spending more than a year on The New York Times Best Seller list. The story was turned into a Broadway play, which opened at the Belasco Theatre in March 1943. François Soubirous, a former miller now unemployed, is forced to take odd jobs and live at the city jail with his wife, one morning he goes to find work, and is told to take contaminated trash from the hospital and dump it in the cave at Massabielle. Her sister Marie explains that Bernadette was out sick with asthma, Peyramale encourages Bernadette to study harder. About to cross anyway, Bernadette is distracted by a strange breeze, investigating the cave, she finds a beautiful lady standing in brilliant light, holding a pearl rosary. She tells her sister and friend, who promise not to anyone else. They do tell, however, and the story soon spreads all over town, many, including Bernadettes Aunt Bernarde, are convinced of her sincerity and stand up for her against her disbelieving parents, but Bernadette faces civil and church authorities alone. Repeatedly questioned, she stands solidly behind her seemingly unbelievable story and she faces ridicule as the lady tells her to drink and wash at a spring that doesnt exist, but digs a hole in the ground and uses the wet sand and mud. The water begins to flow later and exhibits miraculous healing properties, the lady finally identifies herself as the Immaculate Conception. The grotto is closed and the Bishop of Tarbes declares that unless the Emperor orders the grotto to be opened and he says this will be a test for Bernadettes lady. Shortly thereafter, the Emperors infant son falls ill and, under instructions from the Empress, the magistrate permits her to go and to take the bottle of water with her. The Emperors son drinks the water and recovers, the Empress believes that his recovery is miraculous, but the Emperor is not sure. The Empress upbraids him for doubting God, and at her insistence, the Bishop of Tarbes then directs the commission to convene. Sister Vauzous is skeptically jealous of all the attention Bernadette has been receiving as a result of the visions and she reveals this to Bernadette, saying she is angry that God would choose Bernadette instead of her when she has spent her life in suffering in service of God. She says Bernadette has not suffered enough and wants a sign proving Bernadette really was chosen by Heaven, Bernadette is diagnosed with tuberculosis of the bone, which causes intense pain, yet she has never complained or so much as mentioned it. The jealous Sister Vauzous, realizing her error and Bernadettes saintliness, begs for forgiveness in the chapel, knowing she is dying, Bernadette sends for Abbé Peyramale and tells him of her feelings of unworthiness and her concern that she will never see the lady again
8.
The Farmer's Daughter (1947 film)
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The Farmers Daughter is a 1947 American film that tells the story of a farmgirl who ends up working as a maid for a Congressman and his politically powerful mother. The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Loretta Young and was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Charles Bickford, youngs win was considered an upset, everyone had expected Rosalind Russell to win for her Lavinia in Mourning Becomes Electra. In 1963, a series based on the film was produced, starring Inger Stevens, Cathleen Nesbitt. Katie Holstrom, a Swedish-American, leaves the farm to go to nursing school in Capitol City. Barn painter Adolph Petree, who had completed a job for Katies father, offers her a ride, Katie, refusing to ask her family for help, goes to work as a maid in the home of political power broker Agatha Morley and her son, U. S. Soon, she impresses Agatha and her loyal majordomo Joseph Clancey with her refreshing, down-to-earth common sense, unexpected problems arise when the Morleys and the other leaders of their political party select a replacement for a deceased congressman, they pick the unscrupulous Anders J. Finley. Knowing of the man, Katie strongly disapproves of their choice and she attends a public meeting arranged to introduce Finley and begins asking pointed, embarrassing questions. The leaders of the party are impressed and offer her their backing in the coming election. When she accepts, Katie reluctantly has to quit her job, when Katies campaign picks up support, Finley resorts to smearing her reputation. He pays Petree to claim Katie spent the night with him when he gave her a ride, as a result, Katie becomes so distraught, she runs home. Glenn learns of the chicanery, follows her and proposes to her, with the help of Katies three big, strong brothers, Glenn takes Petree away from the goons Finley assigned to watch him, and makes him confess over the radio. Agatha withdraws her partys support from Finley and endorses Katie, ensuring her election, in the final scene, Glenn carries Katie across the threshold of the United States House of Representatives. Due to rumours of Joseph Cotten and Ingrid Bergman having an affair, the Farmers Daughter at the TCM Movie Database The Farmers Daughter at the Internet Movie Database The Farmers Daughter at AllMovie The Farmers Daughter on Lux Radio Theater, January 5,1948
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Johnny Belinda (1948 film)
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Johnny Belinda is a 1948 American drama film based on the 1940 Broadway stage hit of the same name, by Elmer Blaney Harris. The play was adapted for the screen by writers Allen Vincent and Irma von Cube, the story is based on an actual incident that happened near Harriss summer residence in Fortune Bridge, Bay Fortune, Prince Edward Island. The title character is based on the real-life Lydia Dingwell, of Dingwells Mills, the film dramatizes the consequences of spreading lies and rumors, and the horror of rape. The latter subject had previously prohibited by the Motion Picture Production Code. Johnny Belinda is widely considered to be the first Hollywood film for which the restriction was relaxed, the film stars Jane Wyman, Lew Ayres, Charles Bickford, Agnes Moorehead, Stephen McNally, and Jan Sterling. Wymans performance earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress and it was filmed on location in Fort Bragg, California. Also, live versions aired on the US network NBC on October 13,1958 as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame series and on Australian television in 1959 as part of the Shell Presents series. The film is the story of a young woman, Belinda MacDonald, who is befriended by the new doctor, Dr. Robert Richardson. The doctor realizes that, although she cannot hear or speak and she lives on a farm with her father, Black Mac Donald, and her aunt, Aggie MacDonald, wears plain work clothes, rarely goes into town, and only once to church. The family sells farm goods to the town, mainly flour. Her father and aunt called Belinda Dummy and resent her because her mother died giving birth to her, Dr. Richardson teaches Belinda sign language and the signs for many common things and ideas. Over time, his affection for her grows and he buys her a pretty dress and encourages her father to take her to town and church. Dr. Richardsons secretary, Stella, is attracted to him and tries to get his attention, after Stella figures out that he is becoming attracted to Belinda, she starts to resent both of them. One of the customers, Locky McCormick, gets drunk at a dance, leaves the dance. This results in her pregnancy, which is diagnosed by doctor to whom Dr. Richardson had brought her for audiology testing. Belinda gives birth at home to a baby boy, whom she names Johnny. The people in town began to shun the Mac Donald family and Dr. Richardson, Dr. Richardson tells Black that he is willing to marry Belinda in order to quiet town gossip. Black rejects this idea, as he knows that Dr. Richardson does not truly love Belinda, Locky goes to the MacDonald farm under the pretense of purchasing ground barley, but really wants to get a look at baby Johnny
10.
Whirlpool (1949 film)
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Whirlpool is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by Otto Preminger and written by Ben Hecht and Andrew Solt, adapted from Guy Endores novel Methinks the Lady. The film stars Gene Tierney, Richard Conte, José Ferrer and Charles Bickford, due to anti-British statements Hecht had recently made regarding their involvement in Israel, UK prints of the film replaced his credit with a pseudonym, Lester Barstow. The drama combines crime drama with thriller and melodrama, as the central characters marriage is threatened. Four years later, Conte starred in The Blue Gardenia, which has a similar plot. Ann Sutton, the wife of a successful psychoanalyst, is arrested for shoplifting, Ann is saved from scandal by smooth-talking hypnotist David Korvo. Korvo is not what he seems to be, and Ann soon finds herself involved in blackmail and she is unsure whether or not she committed a crime. Her distant but loyal husband stands up for her and eventually sets up the hypnotist, furthermore, haughty Gene Tierney plays the lady who is slightly off the track and Charles Bickford and Richard Conte are the detective and the husband, respectively. All together, along with others, they labor to cast a spell. But their efforts are bleakly artificial, youd better see this one in a state of trance. The UKs Channel 4 also gave the film a mixed review and they wrote, All this is fairly ridiculous and the plot is full of implausible twists, not to mention daft theories. Conte is stiff and wooden – but no more so than his formal man-of-science role requires, hechts dialogue is as snappy as ever, and Preminger cranks up the tension with consummate skill, building towards a dramatic and satisfying conclusion
11.
A Star Is Born (1954 film)
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A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor. Harts screenplay was an adaptation of the original 1937 film, which was based on the screenplay by Robert Carson, Dorothy Parker, Alan Campbell. Wellman and Carson, with uncredited input from six additional writers—David O. Selznick, Ben Hecht, Ring Lardner, Jr. John Lee Mahin, Budd Schulberg and Adela Rogers St. John. In 2000, the 1954 film was selected for preservation in the US National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The film ranked #43 on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Passions list in 2002, the song The Man That Got Away was ranked #11 on AFIs list of 100 top songs in films. Garland had not made a movie since she had negotiated release from her MGM contract soon after filming began on Royal Wedding in 1950, and the film was promoted heavily as her comeback. Esther Blodgett is an aspiring singer with a band. When he arrives intoxicated at a function at the Shrine Auditorium, after an angry exchange, Norman rushes away and bursts onto a stage where an orchestra is performing. Blodgett takes him by the hand and pretends he is part of the act, thereby turning a potentially embarrassing, realizing that Esther has saved him from public humiliation, Norman thanks her and draws a heart on the wall with her lipstick. He invites her to dinner, and later watches her perform in a club while recognizing her impressive talent. He urges her to follow her dream and convinces her she can break into movies, Esther is surprised that someone of Normans stature sees something special in her. He offers her a screen test and advises her to sleep on it, Esther tells Danny, her bandmate, that shes quitting their upcoming gig to pursue movies in L. A. Thinking her crazy, he tries to talk her out of it, Norman is called away early in the morning to filming and then falls ill. He attempts to get a message to Esther but cannot remember her address, when she doesnt hear from him, she suspects he was insincere. Not disheartened, she takes jobs as a carhop and TV commercial singer to make ends meet, convinced she can make it, Norman tries to find Esther, whos had to move from her apartment. Then he hears her singing on a commercial and tracks her down. Studio head Oliver Niles believes Esther is just a fancy for the actor. The studio arbitrarily changes her name to Vicki Lester, which she finds out when she tries to pick up her paycheck, when Norman finally gets Niles to hear Vicki sing, he is impressed and she is cast in an important musical film, making her a huge success
12.
The Big Country
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The Big Country is a 1958 American epic Western film directed by William Wyler and starring Gregory Peck, Jean Simmons, Carroll Baker, Charlton Heston and Burl Ives. The supporting cast features Charles Bickford and Chuck Connors, the picture was based on the serialized magazine novel Ambush at Blanco Canyon by Donald Hamilton. And was co-produced by Wyler and Peck, the opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass. The film is one of very few pictures in which Heston plays a supporting role instead of the lead. Ives won the Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe Award, the film was also nominated for an Academy Award for the musical score by Jerome Moross. Successful sea captain James McKay travels to the American West to join his fiancée Patricia at the ranch owned by her father, Henry Terrill. Terrill has been feuding with Rufus Hannassey, the patriarch of a poorer, less refined ranching clan, over water rights in the arid grazing lands of the high plains. Patricias friend, schoolteacher Julie Maragon, owns the Big Muddy, Julie allows all to water their cattle and refuses to sell or lease the Big Muddy to either side, so as to keep the fragile peace. McKay brings a pair of dueling pistols to the Major as a gift, but he repeatedly refuses to be provoked into proving his manhood, he tells the Major that his father died in a meaningless duel. He does nothing when Hannasseys trouble-making son Buck and his shiftless companions harass him and he also declines an invitation by Terrills foreman, Steve Leech, to ride an unbroken horse named Old Thunder. Consequently, everyone, including Patricia, considers him a coward, when the Major and his men ride to the Hannassey ranch in retribution for Bucks harassment of a Terrill guest, McKay declines to participate. Buck makes his escape from Terrills men while others in his posse are punished, alone at Terrills ranch except for ranch hand Ramon, McKay then breaks Old Thunder, after being thrown out of the saddle numerous times. He swears Ramon, the witness, to secrecy. Terrill hosts a Grand Gala to formally announce Patricias upcoming wedding, a ruffled and grizzled Hannassey, armed with a shotgun, spoils the festive mood when he confronts Terrill in front of all his guests over the brutal beating of his men. He threatens to start a war over Terrills steadfast practice of denying water to Hannasseys cattle. McKay rides out to the Big Muddy and persuades Julie to sell him the land, a search party, led by Leech, spends two days looking for McKay, believing he has become lost. McKay explains that he was never in danger, but Leech calls him a liar, again refusing to be goaded into a fight, McKay sees that both Patricia and her father are disappointed, they agree to reconsider their engagement. Early the next morning, before anybody else is up, McKay seeks out Leech to settle their quarrel and they fight, without witnesses, to an exhausted draw
13.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
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United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
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World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
16.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, often cited as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II, post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile along the bank of the Charles River basin. The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the sciences and engineering, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics. Air Force and 6 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT, the school has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and the aggregated revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni would rank as the eleventh-largest economy in the world. In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a Conservatory of Art and Science, but the proposal failed. A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rogers, a professor from the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances. The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars, two days after the charter was issued, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MITs first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865, in 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay. MIT was informally called Boston Tech, the institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced, new buildings were built, the curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science. The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership, during these Boston Tech years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president Charles W. Eliots repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard Colleges Lawrence Scientific School. There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard, in its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually the MIT Corporation approved an agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students. However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme, the neoclassical New Technology campus was designed by William W. Bosworth and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious Mr. Smith, starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of production and processing
17.
Oakland, California
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Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
18.
Castle Square Theatre
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The Castle Square Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts, was located on Tremont Street in the South End. The building existed until its demolition in 1933, Boston, Charles Elwell French,1896 William Harvey Birkmire. The planning and construction of American theatres, NY, J. Wiley & sons,1896 Six years of drama at the Castle Square Theatre, with portraits of the members of the company and complete programs of all plays produced, May 3, 1897-May 3,1903. Boston, C. E. French,1903 Emerson College, sigmund A. Lavine Boston Theatre Collection. Includes items related to Castle Sq, Castle Square Theatre souvenir portrait photographs, Guide Harvard Theatre Collection, Houghton Library Castle Square Theatre The Life & Times of Joseph Haworth
19.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
20.
James Cagney
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James Francis Cagney Jr. was an American actor and dancer, both on stage and in film, though he had his greatest impact in film. Known for his energetic performances, distinctive vocal style, and deadpan comic timing, he won acclaim. He is best remembered for playing multifaceted tough guys in movies such as The Public Enemy, Angels with Dirty Faces, and White Heat, and was typecast or limited by this view earlier in his career. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among its list of greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Orson Welles said of Cagney, maybe the greatest actor who appeared in front of a camera. In his first professional acting performance, Cagney danced costumed as a woman in the line of the revue Every Sailor. He spent several years in vaudeville as a dancer and comedian and he secured several other roles, receiving good notices, before landing the lead in the 1929 play Penny Arcade. After rave reviews, Warner Bros. signed him for an initial $500-a-week, three-week contract to reprise his role, Cagneys seventh film, The Public Enemy, became one of the most influential gangster movies of the period. Notable for a scene in which Cagney pushes a grapefruit against Mae Clarkes face. He became one of Hollywoods biggest stars and one of Warner Bros. biggest contracts, in 1938, he received his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination, for Angels with Dirty Faces, for his subtle portrayal of the tough guy/man-child Rocky Sullivan. In 1942, Cagney won the Oscar for his portrayal of George M. Cohan in Yankee Doodle Dandy. He was nominated a third time in 1955 for Love Me or Leave Me, Cagney retired from acting and dancing in 1961 to spend time on his farm with his family. He exited retirement,20 years later, for a part in the movie Ragtime, Cagney walked out on Warner Bros. several times over the course of his career, each time returning on much improved personal and artistic terms. In 1935, he sued Warner for breach of contract and won and this was one of the first times an actor prevailed over a studio on a contract issue. In reference to Cagneys refusal to be pushed around, Jack L, Warner called him the Professional Againster. Cagney also made numerous morale-boosting troop tours before and during World War II and was president of the Screen Actors Guild for two years, Cagney was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. His biographers disagree as to the location, either on the corner of Avenue D. His father, James Francis Cagney, Sr. was of Irish descent, at the time of his sons birth, he was a bartender and amateur boxer, though on Cagneys birth certificate, he is listed as a telegraphist
21.
Herbert Brenon
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Herbert Brenon born Alexander Herbert Reginald St. John Brenon was an Irish film director, actor and screenwriter during the era of silent movies through the 1930s. He was born at 25 Crosthwaite Park, in Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, to journalist, poet and politician Edward St John Brenon, in 1882, the family moved to London, where Herbert was educated at St Pauls School and at Kings College London. Before becoming a director, he performed in acts with his wife. He died in Los Angeles, California and was interred in a mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx. Works by or about Herbert Brenon at Internet Archive Herbert Brenon at the Internet Movie Database Herbert Brenon at Virtual History
22.
Beau Geste
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Beau Geste is an adventure novel by P. C. Wren, which details the adventures of three English brothers who enlist separately in the French Foreign Legion following the theft of a jewel from the country house of a relative. While written in 1924 the novel is set in the period before World War I and it has been adapted for the screen several times. Michael Beau Geste is the protagonist, the main narrator is his younger brother John. The three Geste brothers are portrayed as behaving according to the British upper class values of a time gone by, and the decent thing to do is, in fact, the Geste brothers are orphans and have been brought up by their aunt Lady Patricia at Brandon Abbas. The rest of Beaus band are mainly Isobel and Claudia and Lady Patricias relative Augustus, while not mentioned in Beau Geste, the American Otis Vanbrugh appears as a friend of the Geste brothers in a sequel novel. John and Isobel are devoted to other and it is in part to spare her any suspicion of being a thief that he takes the extreme step of joining the French Foreign Legion. The detonator of the plot is when a precious jewel known as the Blue Water goes missing or is stolen. Suspicion falls on the band of people, and Beau leaves Britain to join the French Foreign Legion in Algeria, followed by his brothers, Digby. The commander at Fort Zinderneuf is the sadistic Sergeant Major Lejaune who drives his abused subordinates to the verge of mutiny, an attack by Tuaregs prevents mass desertion. Throughout the book and adventures, Beaus behaviour is true to France and the Legion, Digby, Hank and Buddy arrive with a relief column that reaches Fort Zinderneuf too late and Digby is subsequently killed in a skirmish. In Beau Ideal and other sequels P. C, Wren ties loose strings together, including recording that Michael Gestes originals reasons for joining the Foreign Legion were honour but also his doomed and impossible love for Claudia. The phrase beau geste is from the French, meaning a gracious gesture, Wren wrote the sequels Beau Sabreur and Beau Ideal. In this third volume Wren details what happened the night of the theft of the Blue Water and he also wrote Good Gestes, a collection of short tales and Spanish Maine, where loose ends are tied up and the successive tales of John Gestes adventures come to an end. Wren himself served with the Legion, before he became a successful writer Wrens recorded career was that of a school teacher in India. The production featured Laurence Olivier in the lead role, the play ran for just five weeks. Beau Hunks 1931, a 1931 movie starring Laurel and Hardy, the Goon Show episode Under Two Floorboards Follow that Camel A Carry on film featuring a character called B. O. West. The Generation Game did a parody of Beau Geste, may have been the first to use the name Beau Peep, the Last Remake of Beau Geste, starring Marty Feldman, Ann-Margret and Michael York Beau Peep a strip cartoon in the Daily Star newspaper
23.
Maxwell Anderson
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James Maxwell Anderson was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist. Anderson was born in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln Link Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela Stephenson, both of Scots and Irish descent. His family initially lived on his maternal grandmother Sheperds farm in Atlantic, then moved to Andover, Ohio and they moved often, to follow their fathers ministerial posts, and Maxwell was frequently sick, missing a great deal of school. He used his time sick in bed to read voraciously, during a visit to his grandmothers house in Atlantic, at age 11, he met the first love of his life, Hallie Loomis, a slightly older girl from a wealthier family. His autobiographical tale, Morning, Winter and Night told of rape, incest and it was published under a pseudonym, John Nairne Michealson, to prevent offending family. The Andersons bounced between Andover, Ohio, Richmond Center, Ohio, Townville, Pa, harrisburg, Pa. to Jamestown, North Dakota in 1907, where Anderson attended Jamestown High School, graduating in 1908. As an undergraduate, he waited tables and worked at the copy desk of the Grand Forks Herald. He obtained a BA in English Literature from the University of North Dakota in 1911 and he became the principal of a high school in Minnewaukan, North Dakota, also teaching English there, but was fired in 1913 for making pacifist statements to his students. He then entered Stanford University, obtaining an M. A. in English Literature in 1914 and he became a high school English teacher in San Francisco, after three years he became chairman of the English department at Whittier College in 1917. He was fired after a year for public statements supporting Arthur Camp, Anderson moved to Palo Alto to write for the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, but was fired for writing an editorial stating that it would be impossible for Germany to pay off its war debt. So he moved to San Francisco to write for the San Francisco Chronicle, alvin Johnson hired Anderson to move to New York City and write about politics for The New Republic in 1918, but he was fired after an argument with Editor-in-Chief Herbert David Croly. Anderson found work at The New York Globe, and the New York World, in 1921, he founded The Measure, A Journal of Poetry, a magazine devoted to verse. Which was successfully produced in 1924 in New York City, afterwards he resigned from the World, launching his career as a dramatist. His plays are in varying styles, and Anderson was one of the few modern playwrights to make extensive use of blank verse. His first Broadway hit was the gritty 1924 World War I comedy-drama, What Price Glory, the play was notable for its use of profanity, which caused censors to protest. But when the chief censor was found to have far more obscene letters to General Chamberlaine, he was discredited. The only one of his plays that he adapted to the screen was Joan of Lorraine. When Bergman and her director changed much of his dialogue to make Joan a plaster saint he called her a big, dumb, goddamn Swede
24.
Sacco and Vanzetti
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They were executed in the electric chair seven years later at Charlestown State Prison. Both men adhered to an anarchist movement that advocated relentless warfare against a violent, after a few hours deliberation on July 14,1921, the jury convicted Sacco and Vanzetti of first-degree murder and they were sentenced to death by the trial judge. A series of appeals followed, funded largely by the private Sacco, the appeals were based on recanted testimony, conflicting ballistics evidence, a prejudicial pre-trial statement by the jury foreman, and a confession by an alleged participant in the robbery. All appeals were denied by trial judge Webster Thayer and also denied by the Massachusetts State Supreme Court. By 1926, the case had drawn worldwide attention, as details of the trial and the mens suspected innocence became known, Sacco and Vanzetti became the center of one of the largest causes célèbres in modern history. In 1927, protests on their behalf were held in major city in North America and Europe, as well as in Tokyo, Sydney, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires. Celebrated writers, artists, and academics pleaded for their pardon or for a new trial, Harvard law professor and future Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter argued for their innocence in a widely read Atlantic Monthly article that was later published in book form. Sacco and Vanzetti were scheduled to die in April 1927, accelerating the outcry, responding to a massive influx of telegrams urging their pardon, Massachusetts governor Alvan T. Fuller appointed a three-man commission to investigate the case. After weeks of secret deliberation that included interviews with the judge, lawyers, and several witnesses, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in the electric chair just after midnight on August 23,1927. Subsequent riots destroyed property in Paris, London, and other cities, investigations in the aftermath of the executions continued throughout the 1930s and 1940s. The publication of the letters, containing eloquent professions of innocence. Additional ballistics tests and incriminating statements by the mens acquaintances have clouded the case, writer Bruce Watson, in his introduction to the 2007 re-printing of The Letters of Sacco and Vanzetti, noted Sacco and Vanzetti are still on trial and probably always will be. Sacco was a shoemaker and a watchman, born April 22,1891 in Torremaggiore, Province of Foggia, Apulia region, Italy. Vanzetti was a fishmonger born June 11,1888 in Villafalletto, Province of Cuneo, Piedmont region, both men left Italy for the US in 1908, although they did not meet until a 1917 strike. The men were believed to be followers of Luigi Galleani, an Italian anarchist who advocated violence, including bombing. Galleani published Cronaca Sovversiva, a periodical that advocated violent revolution, at the time, Italian anarchists – in particular the Galleanist group – ranked at the top of the United States governments list of dangerous enemies. Since 1914, the Galleanists had been identified as suspects in several violent bombings and assassination attempts, publication of Cronaca Sovversiva was suppressed in July 1918, and the government deported Galleani and eight of his closest associates on June 24,1919. Among the dozen or more violent acts was the bombing of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmers home on June 2,1919
25.
Cecil B. DeMille
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Cecil Blount DeMille was an American filmmaker. Between 1913 and 1956, he made a total of 70 features and he is acknowledged as a founding father of the cinema of the United States and the most commercially successful producer-director in film history. His films were distinguished by their scale and by his cinematic showmanship. He made silent films of every genre, social dramas, comedies, Westerns, farces, morality plays, DeMille began his career as a stage actor in 1900. He later moved to writing and directing stage productions, some with Jesse Lasky, DeMilles first film, The Squaw Man, was also the first feature film shot in Hollywood. Its interracial love story made it a hit and it put Hollywood on the map. The continued success of his productions led to the founding of Paramount Pictures with Lasky and his first biblical epic, The Ten Commandments, was both a critical and financial success, it held the Paramount revenue record for twenty-five years. In 1927 he directed The King of Kings, a biography of Jesus of Nazareth, the Sign of the Cross was the first sound film to integrate all aspects of cinematic technique. Cleopatra was his first film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, after more than thirty years in film production, DeMille reached the pinnacle of his career with Samson and Delilah, a biblical epic which did an all-time record business. Along with biblical and historical narratives, he directed films oriented toward neo-naturalism. He went on to receive his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for his circus drama The Greatest Show on Earth and his last and most famous film, The Ten Commandments, is currently the sixth-highest-grossing film of all time, adjusted for inflation. He was also the first recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B, DeMille Award, which was later named in his honor. There are several variants of DeMilles surname and his familys Dutch surname was originally spelled de Mil and then became de Mille. As an adult, he adopted the spelling DeMille for professional purposes, the family name de Mille was used by his children Cecilia, John, Richard, and Katherine. DeMilles brother William and his daughters, Margaret and Agnes, as well as DeMilles granddaughter, Cecilia de Mille Presley, Cecil Blount DeMille was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, while his parents were vacationing there, and grew up in Washington, North Carolina. His father, Henry Churchill de Mille, was a North Carolina-born dramatist and lay reader in the Episcopal Church and his mother was Matilda Beatrice DeMille, whose parents were both of German Jewish heritage. She emigrated from England with her parents in 1871 when she was 18, Beatrice grew up in a middle-class English household. DeMilles mother was related to British politician Herbert Louis Samuel, DeMilles parents met as members of a music and literary society in New York
26.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
27.
Louis B. Mayer
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Louis Burt Mayer was an Belarusian-Canadian-American film producer and co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in 1924. Mayer was skilled at developing star actors, including actors, then placing them in consistently slick productions, such as musicals or comedies. Under Mayers management, MGM became the most prestigious film studio and he renovated and expanded several other theaters in the Boston area catering to higher end audiences. After expanding and moving to Los Angeles, he teamed up with Irving Thalberg, Mayer handled the business part of running the studio, such as setting budgets and approving new productions, while Thalberg, still in his twenties, ran all MGM productions. During his reign at MGM, after Thalbergs early death in 1936, some stars did not appreciate his control over their lives, while others saw him as a father figure, important in their lives. He believed in wholesome entertainment and went to lengths to discover new actors. Actors working under Mayer would generally portray an idealized vision of men and women, family life, virtue and he believed that movies should not be a mere reflection of life, but be an entertaining escape from life. Because of his gift for understanding the nature of stardom and the needs of the audience and he was forced to resign MGM as its vice president in 1951, when the studios parent company, Loews, Inc. wanted to improve MGMs declining profits. Mayer was a conservative, at one time the chairman of Californias Republican party. In 1927 he was one of the founders of AMPAS, famous for its annual Academy Awards, Mayer was born Lazar Meir to a Jewish family in Minsk, Russian Empire. Probably his date of birth was July 12,1884 and his parents were Jacob Meir and Sarah Meltzer, and he had two sisters—Yetta, born in 1878, and Ida, born in 1883. Mayer first moved with his family to Rhode Island, where lived from 1887 to 1892. Then, they moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada where Mayer attended school and his father started a scrap metal business, J. Mayer & Son. An immigrant unskilled in any trade, he struggled to earn a living, young Louis quit school at age twelve to work with his father and help support his family. He roamed the streets with a cart that said Junk Dealer, wilson remembered that he was impressed with the boys good manners and bright personality. Whenever Mayer visited Saint John in later years, he placed flowers on Wilsons grave and it was a crappy childhood, said Mayers nephew Gerald. His family was poor, and Mayers father spoke little English and had no valuable skills and it thereby became young Mayers ambition and drive which supported the family. With his family speaking mostly Yiddish at home, his goal of self-education when he quit school was more difficult
28.
Raquel Torres
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Raquel Torres was a Mexican-born American film actress. Her sister was actress Renee Torres, Torres was born either Paula Marie Osterman or Wilhelmina von Osterman in Hermosillo to a German emigrant father and a Mexican mother. Her mother died while Raquel was very young and the moved to the United States. Her name change, including adoption of her mothers surname, was done to capitalize on. She played a Polynesian beauty in White Shadows in the South Seas, the next year Raquel was third-billed behind Lili Damita and Ernest Torrence in The Bridge of San Luis Rey, the first film version of the classic Thornton Wilder novel, which was a part-talkie. This Oscar winner was a disaster movie that bonded a group of strangers who see their lives flash before their eyes while trapped on a collapsing bridge. Raquels other 1929 film was The Desert Rider, a western in which she provided spicy diversion opposite cowboy star Tim McCoy. Torres continued the tropical island pace with The Sea Bat and Aloha playing various island girls and biracial beauty types. In her last year of filming, she played a foil to the raucous comedy teams of Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey in So This Is Africa. It was Raquel to whom Groucho delivered his line, I could dance with you until the cows came home. On second thought, Id rather dance with the cows until you came home, Raquel abruptly retired following her marriage to businessman Stephen Ames in 1935, who once was married to actress Adrienne Ames. Her husband later produced postwar B films but Raquel never returned to the industry even with this her husbands in connection. In 1934 Torres met the New York stockbroker Stephen Ames at a Hollywood party, at the time Ames was still married to film actress Adrienne Ames and Torres was escorted to the party by film agent Charles K. Feldman. Torres was suffering from a cold and found a corner for solitude. Ames came over and asked her Why so quiet and she told him about the terrible cold in my head. Ames described some of his remedies and the actress appreciated how considerate Ames was. A year later they met again in New York, Ames was by now divorced and Torres had not gone through with an anticipated wedding. They met a number of times in New York and Hollywood before Stephen asked her to him at the Colony Club while they were dancing
29.
Greta Garbo
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Greta Garbo, was a Swedish-born American film actress during the 1920s and 1930s. Garbo was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actress and received an Academy Honorary Award in 1954 for her luminous, Garbo launched her career with a secondary role in the 1924 Swedish film The Saga of Gosta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B, Mayer, chief executive of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who brought her to Hollywood in 1925. She immediately stirred interest with her first silent film, Torrent, released in 1926, a later, her performance in Flesh. Garbos first talking film was Anna Christie, MGM marketers enticed the public with the catch-phrase Garbo talks. That same year she starred in Romance, for her performances in these films she received the first of three Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. In 1932, her popularity allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract and her success continued in films such as Mata Hari and Grand Hotel. Many critics and film historians consider her performance as the doomed courtesan Marguerite Gautier in Camille to be her finest, the role gained her a second Academy Award nomination. Garbos career soon declined, however, and she was one of the many stars labeled Box Office Poison in 1938, from then on, Garbo declined all opportunities to return to the screen. Shunning publicity, she began a life, and neither married nor had children. Greta Lovisa Gustafsson was born in Södermalm, Stockholm, Sweden and she was the third and youngest child of Anna Lovisa —a housewife who later worked at a jam factory—and Karl Alfred Gustafsson, a laborer. Garbo had a brother, Sven Alfred, and an older sister. Her parents met in Stockholm where her father visited from Frinnaryd and he moved to Stockholm to become independent and worked in various odd jobs—street cleaner, grocer, factory worker and butchers assistant. He married Anna, who had moved from Högsby. The Gustafssons were impoverished and lived in a three-bedroom cold-water flat at Blekingegatan No.32 and they brought up their three children in a working class district regarded as the citys slum. Garbo would later recall, It was eternally grey—those long winters nights and my father would be sitting in a corner, scribbling figures on a newspaper. On the other side of the room my mother is repairing ragged old clothes and we children would be talking in very low voices, or just sitting silently. We were filled with anxiety, as if there were danger in the air, such evenings are unforgettable for a sensitive girl
30.
Anna Christie (1930 film)
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Anna Christie is a 1930 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pre-Code drama film adaptation of the 1922 play of the same name by Eugene ONeill. It was adapted by Frances Marion, produced and directed by Clarence Brown with Paul Bern, the cinematography was by William H. Daniels, the art direction by Cedric Gibbons and the costume design by Adrian. The film stars Greta Garbo, Charles Bickford, George F. Marion and it was marketed using the slogan Garbo Talks. as it was her first talkie. Of all its stars, Garbo was the one that MGM kept out of talking films the longest for fear that one of their biggest stars, like so many others, would not succeed in them. Her famous first line is, Gimme a whisky, ginger ale on the side, in fact, Garbos English was so good by the time she appeared in this film, she had to add an accent in several retakes to sound more like the Swedish Anna. In addition to the English and German-language version of this film, George F. Marion performed the role of Annas father in the original Broadway production and in both the 1923 and 1930 film adaptations. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress, Best Cinematography, Chris left Anna to be raised by relatives on a St. Paul farm 15 years before, and hasnt seen her since. Anna arrives an emotionally wounded woman with a dishonorable, hidden past, one night, Chris rescues Matt and two other displaced sailors from the sea. Anna and Matt soon fall in love and Anna has the best days of her life, but when Matt proposes to her, she is reluctant and haunted by her recent past. Matt insists and compels Anna to tell him the truth and she opens her heart to Matt and her father, disclosing her dark secrets. Greta Garbo as Anna Christie Charles Bickford as Matt Burke George F. Marion as Chris Christofferson Marie Dressler as Marthy Owens James T.100 Movie Quotes Give me a whisky, ginger ale on the side. In the early years of films, Hollywood studios produced foreign-language versions of some of their films using the same sets. Native speakers of the language usually replaced some or all of the original cast, while many of those versions no longer exist, the German-language version of Anna Christie survives. Directed by Jacques Feyder and filmed at MGM in July and August 1930, it also stars Garbo as Anna, Garbos famous first line became Whisky – aber nicht zu knapp. The English and German-language versions grossed a total of $1,499,000. Both versions are available on a double-sided DVD released in the US in 2005, but the German version is sourced from an inferior subtitled print, a much better print without subtitles exists. The film was a box office hit, setting new first- and second-week house records for the Capitol Theatre upon its premiere there, reviews from critics were also positive. Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times remarked that Garbo was even more interesting through being heard than she was in her mute portrayals and she reveals no nervousness before the microphone and her careful interpretation of Anna can scarcely be disputed
31.
Not as a Stranger
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Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson. The romantic melodrama novel was popular, topping that years list of bestselling novels in the United States. The film was released by United Artists, Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel, From Here to Eternity, two years earlier. Initially a minor box office success, Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today and it was first released on DVD in 1992. Lucas Marsh is a brilliant and dedicated student who has aspired to be a doctor since childhood. His mother is dead and he is estranged from his alcoholic father, in order to get the needed tuition money, Lucas marries an older nurse, Kristina Kris Hedvigson, who has substantial savings. Although Kris loves Lucas and helps him in a variety of ways, he is indifferent towards her, Lucas cares only about doing excellent medical work, and frequently clashes with other doctors he considers incompetent, including his wealthy best friend Alfred Boone. Kris, Alfred, and Lucas mentor Dr. Aarons try to humanize him, Runkleman has a life-threatening heart condition, so he hired Lucas to help with the workload and perhaps take over the practice. Overworked and frustrated with the incompetent head of the hospital, Lucas has an affair with rich widow Harriet Lang, causing Kris. When Runklemans heart condition flares up, Lucas performs heart surgery to save his life, struggling to cope with his failure, Lucas begs Kris to help him, and the two reconcile. The motion picture was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Recording, frank Sinatra was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor, and Charles Bickford won that years National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actor. List of American films of 1955 Not as a Stranger at the Internet Movie Database Not as a Stranger at the TCM Movie Database
32.
Roger Smith (actor)
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Roger LaVerne Smith is an American television and film actor and screenwriter. He starred in the detective series 77 Sunset Strip and in the comedy series Mister Roberts. He is married to actress Ann-Margret, a debonair and handsome leading man in his youth, Smith was born in South Gate, California, the son of Dallas and Leone Smith. When he was six, his parents enrolled him into a stage school and he was educated at the University of Arizona at Tucson on a football scholarship. He won several amateur talent prizes as a singer and guitarist, Smith served with the Naval Reserve and was stationed in Hawaii with the Fleet All-Weather Training Unit-Pacific, a flight training unit near Honolulu. After a chance meeting with actor James Cagney, he was encouraged to try a career in Hollywood and he would later play Cagneys characters son in Man of a Thousand Faces. Smith signed with Columbia Pictures in 1959 and made several films, on April 16,1958, Smith appeared with Charles Bickford in The Daniel Barrister Story on NBCs Wagon Train. His greatest film exposure was the role of the adult Patrick Dennis in Auntie Mame, with Rosalind Russell. His signature TV role was private detective Jeff Spencer in 77 Sunset Strip, with Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. Edd Byrnes and he left the popular ABC program in 1962 because of a blood clot in his brain. He recovered from this injury post-surgery, before he obtained a role in another television series, Smith said he had to fight my way back from a point where I had almost decided to give up acting. He then starred as Lt. Douglas Roberts in Mister Roberts and his health declined and in 1980, he was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease, according to wife Ann-Margret. His condition went into remission in 1985, following his retirement from performing, he managed his wifes career and produced her popular Las Vegas stage shows. In an interview with the New York Post, Ann-Margret said that he had Parkinsons disease, Smith appeared rarely on TV after his health deteriorated, although he participated on This is Your Life, when host Ralph Edwards devoted an episode to Ann-Margret. In addition to the appearances credited below, Smith appeared on game shows. His first wife was Australian-born actress Victoria Shaw, and together they had three children, daughter Tracey, and sons Jordan and Dallas, Smith and Shaw divorced in 1965. He has been married to Ann-Margret since May 8,1967 and he became her manager, but is now semi-retired because of myasthenia gravis. According to cfidarren. com, Smith was a pilot with an instrument rating issued November 30,2002 Roger Smith at the Internet Movie Database
33.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
34.
Robert Horton (actor)
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Meade Howard Horton, Jr. known as Robert Horton, was an American television, stage actor and singer. One of two sons, Horton was born as Meade Howard Horton, Jr. on July 29,1924, in Los Angeles and he was the son of Meade Howard Horton and Chetta McMurrin. Horton said that he never felt he fitted into the appropriate Mormon household, as a little boy, he also survived many surgeries such as, hernia and an enlarged kidney. Horton attended California Military Institute in Perris, where he played football, after graduation from the military school, in 1943, at age 19, he was enlisted in the Coast Guard, but was medically discharged, because of his kidney. In 1945, an encounter with the talent scout led to an uncredited part in Lewis Milestone’s World War II film A Walk in the Sun. He first studied dramatics at the University of Miami but later changed schools and he relocated from California to New York City, where he worked as an unfamiliar struggling actor, before returning to California. At age 28, Horton signed a contract with MGM, appearing in films and it was there where he met unfamiliar younger actors, Robert Fuller and James Drury, who both became Hortons lifelong friends, for 62 years, from 1954 until his passing in 2016. Hortons experience on stage included work with the American Theatre Wing in New York City, from that, he was signed to a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, where he appeared in numerous films. His first major TV role was on Ford Theatre in the episode Portrait of Lydia and his co-stars were Ward Bond, John McIntire, Terry Wilson, and Frank McGrath. He eventually quit the series to pursue a career in musical theater and his Wagon Train role was replaced by that of Robert Fuller as the scout Cooper Smith, and thereafter the series moved to ABC. Fuller, a veteran of the western series Laramie, resembled Horton, Horton played Drake McHugh, Ronald Reagans role in the television version of Kings Row, which also featured Jack Kelly, and ran for seven episodes as part of the Warner Bros. Presents series, rotating with a version of Casablanca and Cheyenne, starring Clint Walker. McNutley, and on the syndicated Sheriff of Cochise, starring John Bromfield, Horton played Corporal Tom Vaughn in the 1956 episode False Prophet of the religion anthology series, Crossroads. He also appeared several times on NBCs The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford, in 1966, he starred in The Dangerous Days of Kiowa Jones, the first Western made specifically for television and simultaneous distribution to cinemas in Europe. It was made by MGM and co-starred Sal Mineo and Diane Baker and he went on to perform for many years in theaters and nightclubs all over America, and in Australia as a singer. In 1963, producer David Merrick hired him as the lead in the musical version of N. Richard Nashs play The Rainmaker. The musical, which boasted a score by Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt, in the 1960s, Horton made two 45 RPM singles on the Columbia Records label, The Very Thought of You/Hey There and King of the Road/Julie. Horton married actress Barbara Ruick August 22,1953, in Las Vegas, Horton was an accomplished pilot and aircraft owner
35.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
36.
The Barbara Stanwyck Show
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The Barbara Stanwyck Show is an American anthology drama television series which ran on NBC from September 1960 to September 1961. Barbara Stanwyck served as hostess, and starred in all but four of the half-hour productions, the four in which she did not star were actually pilot episodes of potential series programs which never materialized. Stanwyck won the Emmy Award in 1961 for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Series, the series, produced at Desilu Studios, was directed by Stuart Rosenberg. The Barbara Stanwyck Show lasted one season and it aired at 10 p. m. Eastern on Mondays opposite Jackie Coopers military sitcom Hennesey on CBS and the second half of Gardner McKays Adventures in Paradise on ABC. E1 Entertainment, formerly known as Koch Vision, and The Archive of American Television released Volume 1 of the series on DVD in the United States on Oc2tober 13,2009, there is also a second 2 DVD disk set ISBN1417232900
37.
The Eleventh Hour (U.S. TV series)
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In 1963, the series shared a two-part crossover episode with Dr. Kildare, both programs used the theme of wise teacher and young intern. The term eleventh hour refers to a time of last resort in a persons life. Ging appeared in both seasons as Dr. Paul Graham, a clinical psychologist to Coreys first-season character of the psychiatrist Dr. Theodore Bassett, the first season hence offered episodes about the mental health of criminals. In the second season, which ended new episodes on April 22,1964, Bellamy replaced Corey in the role of Dr. Richard Starke, the executive producer was Norman Felton, Sam Rolfe was the producer. The Eleventh Hour aired on Wednesdays following Perry Comos Kraft Music Hall, in its first season, The Eleventh Hour was placed opposite the alternating anthology series, Armstrong Circle Theatre and The United States Steel Hour on CBS and the last season of Naked City on ABC. In the second season, The Eleventh Hour faced The Danny Kaye Show variety program on CBS and Channing, a series about life on the campus of a small college. On June 7,2016, Warner Archive Collection will release The Eleventh Hour- The Complete First Season on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time and this is a manufacture-on-demand release, available exclusively through Warners online store and Amazon. com. Breaking Point, a similar TV show The Eleventh Hour at the Internet Movie Database The Eleventh Hour at TV. com
38.
Ranch
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A ranch is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle or sheep for meat or wool. The word most often applies to livestock-raising operations in Mexico, the Western United States and Canada, people who own or operate a ranch are called ranchers, cattlemen, or stockgrowers. Ranching is also a used to raise less common livestock such as elk, American bison or even ostrich, emu. Ranches generally consist of areas, but may be of nearly any size. In the western United States, many ranches are a combination of owned land supplemented by grazing leases on land under the control of the federal Bureau of Land Management. If the ranch includes arable or irrigated land, the ranch may also engage in an amount of farming, raising crops for feeding the animals, such as hay. Ranches that cater exclusively to tourists are called guest ranches or, colloquially, most working ranches do not cater to guests, though they may allow private hunters or outfitters onto their property to hunt native wildlife. Ranching is part of the iconography of the Wild West as seen in Western movies, the person who owns and manages the operation of a ranch is usually called a rancher, but the terms cattleman, stockgrower, or stockman are also sometimes used. If this individual in charge of management is an employee of the actual owner. A rancher who primarily raises young stock sometimes is called an operator or a cow-calf man. This person is usually the owner, though in cases, particularly where there is absentee ownership. The people who are employees of the rancher and involved in handling livestock are called a number of terms, including cowhand, ranch hand, people exclusively involved with handling horses are sometimes called wranglers. Ranching and the tradition originated in Spain, out of the necessity to handle large herds of grazing animals on dry land from horseback. During the Reconquista, members of the Spanish nobility and various military orders received large land grants that the Kingdom of Castile had conquered from the Moors and these landowners were to defend the lands put into their control and could use them for earning revenue. When the Conquistadors came to the Americas in the 16th century, followed by settlers, they brought their cattle, huge land grants by the Spanish government, part of the hacienda system, allowed large numbers of animals to roam freely over vast areas. A number of different traditions developed, often related to the location in Spain from which a settlement originated. For example, many of the traditions of the Jalisco charros in central Mexico come from the Salamanca charros of Castile, however, there were cattle on the eastern seaboard. Deep Hollow Ranch,110 miles east of New York City in Montauk, New York, claims to be the first ranch in the United States, the prairie and desert lands of what today is Mexico and the western United States were well-suited to open range grazing
39.
The Virginian (TV series)
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The Virginian is an American Western television series starring James Drury and Doug McClure which aired on NBC from 1962 to 1971 for a total of 249 episodes. It was a spin-off from a 1958 summer series called Decision, filmed in color, The Virginian became televisions first 90-minute Western series. Immensely successful, it ran for nine seasons—televisions third longest running western, behind Bonanza at 14 seasons and 430 episodes, the series is loosely based on the novel of the same name. When Revue Productions popular hour-long series Wagon Train moved from the NBC network to ABC, from the beginning, the series was filmed in color on 35mm film. Set in the late 19th century, and loosely based on the 1902 novel by Owen Wister and his top hand Trampas and he were the only characters to remain with the show for the entire run. As in the book, the foreman went only by the name The Virginian, the Virginians real name was never revealed in the nine years the show was on the air. The series was set in Medicine Bow, Wyoming, various references in the first season indicate that setting is about 1898 – in episode 5, The Brazen Bell, guest star George C. The series circled around the foremans quest to maintain an orderly lifestyle at Shiloh, the ranch was named after the two-day American Civil War Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee. The Virginians white Appaloosa was named Joe D. and Trampas buckskin horse was named Buck, as the show progressed, Trampas became the more developed of the characters, and it continues to be the role for which actor Doug McClure was best known. Several cast changes were made throughout the programs run, in the first three seasons, the owner of the ranch was Judge Garth. His daughter Betsy lived at the ranch with him, and had a relationship with the ranch hands. Ranch hand Steve Hill joined in episode storylines, Randy Boone joined the show in the second season as a youthful ranch hand who played guitar and sang duets with Betsy. In the episode First To Thine Own Self Boones character sings Im So Lonesome I Could Cry and this is odd in that the series was set in the 1890s but the song was written by Hank Williams in 1949. In the third season, Clu Gulager was added to the show as the restless deputy Emmett Ryker, after executive producer Frank Price was replaced by Norman Macdonnell at the end of season 3, season 4 became a troublesome time. When Roberta Shore left the cast, Macdonnell added a new leading woman—Diane Roter, who played Jennifer, when Lee J. Cobb also left the show, John Dehner was brought in as the new owner, Morgan Starr. His demanding presence and tough demeanor did not fit well with the show, Frank Price was brought back on board for season 5 to straighten out the series. He replaced the characters of Randy, Morgan Starr and Jennifer with a few actors who brought back the atmosphere to the show. John Grainger became the new owner, Elizabeth Grainger, was John Graingers granddaughter
40.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
41.
Days of Wine and Roses (film)
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Days of Wine and Roses is a 1962 drama film directed by Blake Edwards with a screenplay by JP Miller adapted from his own 1958 Playhouse 90 teleplay of the same name. The movie was produced by Martin Manulis, with music by Henry Mancini, the film depicts the downward spiral of two average Americans who succumb to alcoholism and attempt to deal with their problems. An Academy Award went to the theme music, composed by Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. The film received four other Oscar nominations, including Best Actor, San Francisco public relations executive Joe Clay meets and falls in love with Kirsten Arnesen, a secretary. Kirsten is a teetotaler until Joe introduces her to social drinking and she is reluctant at first, but after her first few Brandy Alexanders, she admits that having a drink made me feel good. Despite the misgivings of Kirstens father, who runs a San Mateo landscaping business, Joe and Kirsten slowly go from the two-martini lunch to full-blown alcoholism. Joe is demoted due to performance, and is sent out of town to work on a minor account. Kirsten is alone all day, and finds the best way to pass the time is to drink, while drunk one afternoon, she causes a fire in their apartment and almost kills herself and their child. Joe eventually gets fired, and goes from job to job over the several years. One day, Joe walks by a bar and looks at his reflection in the window and he goes home and tells Kirsten that they have to stop drinking, and she reluctantly agrees. Seeking escape from their addiction, Joe and Kirsten work together in Mr. Arnesens business, however, the urges are too strong, and after a late-night drinking binge, Joe destroys his father-in-laws greenhouse and plants while looking for a stashed bottle of liquor. Joe is committed to a sanitarium, where he suffers from delirium tremens while confined in a straitjacket, after his release, Joe finally gets sober for a while, with the help of Alcoholics Anonymous, a dedicated sponsor named Jim Hungerford and regular AA meetings. Meanwhile, Kirstens drinking persists, and she disappears for days without alerting Joe. Kirsten is eventually located at a motel, drunk, but when Joe tries to help her. Hungerford appears at his side and warns him that he must keep no matter what. Joe finally gets sober, becomes a father to Debbie. He tries to make amends with his father-in-law by offering him a payment for past debts and wrongs, after calming down, Arnesen says that Kirsten has been disappearing for long stretches of time and picking up strangers in bars. One night, after Debbie is asleep, Kirsten, shakily sober for two days, comes to Joes apartment to attempt a reconciliation, Joe replies that she is welcome back anytime, but only if she stops drinking
