Charles IX of Sweden
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Charles IX, also Carl, reigned as King of Sweden from 1604 until 1611. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, the brother of King John III and half-brothe
Charles IX by an unknown artist, Nationalmuseum
Charles's parents as shown on their grave monument
Duke Charles (as he then was called) in 1596 by H. Nützel
Duke Karl Insulting the Corpse of Klaus Fleming (Painting by Albert Edelfelt, 1878, Fleming's wife Ebba Stenbock on the right)
During the 17th century, despite having scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants, Sweden emerged to have greater foreign influence, after winning wars against Denmark–Norway, the Holy Roman Empire, Ru
Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld
