St Mary-le-Bow
St Mary-le-Bow is a historic church rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666 by Sir Christopher Wren in the City of London on the main east–west thoroughfare, Cheapside. According to tradition a true Cockney must be born within earshot of the sound of Bow Bells; the sound of the bells of St Mary's is prominent in the story of Dick Whittington and His Cat where the bells are credited with having persuaded him to turn back from Highgate and remain in London to become Lord Mayor. The bells are referred to in the nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons". Details of the bells: Weights in hundredweights and pounds; the bells are hung for full circle ringing. The previous "great bell at Bow", the tenor bell of the ring of bells installed in 1762 and destroyed in an air raid of 1941, weighed 58 hundredweight, with six tons of ironwork braces cut into the inside walls of the tower as reinforcement. Earlier still, the first great bell was a byword for having a sonorous tone as, in 1588, pamphleteer Robert Greene sarcastically likens the verse of Christopher Marlowe to the bell's "mouth-filling" resonance.
Ordinarily, distances by road from London are now measured from Charing Cross but, before the late 18th century, they were measured from the London Stone in Cannon Street, or the Standard in Cornhill. However, on the road from London to Lewes, the mileage is taken from the church door of St Mary-le-Bow. To note the reference point used, mileposts along the way are marked with the rebus in cast-iron of a bow and four bells. Archaeological evidence indicates. A medieval version of the church had been destroyed by the London Tornado of 1091, one of the earliest recorded tornadoes in Britain, although the newly completed arched crypt survived. During the Norman period the church, known as “St Mary de Arcubus”, was rebuilt and was famed for the arches of stone. At that period the 12 feet 6 inches high vaulted crypt—although only accessible from within the church—had windows and buttresses visible from the street. However, the anecdotalist and historian John Stow wrongly attributes the name to 1515–16, when a crown steeple made of Caen stone in the form of arches supporting a lantern, was completed.
This is the form of the steeple in the Agas woodcut of 1561. This erroneous explanation for the source of the name gained some traction in the centuries to follow, including an endorsement by Palace of Westminster architect Augustus Pugin. From at least the 13th century, the church was a peculier of the Diocese of Canterbury and the seat of the Anglican ecclesiastical court, the Court of Arches, to which it gave the name; the “bow bells”, which could be heard as far away as Hackney Marshes, were once used to order a curfew in the City of London. This building burned in the Great Fire of London of 1666; the church with its steeple had been a landmark of London. Considered the second most important church in the City of London after St Paul's Cathedral, St-Mary-le-Bow was one of the first churches to be rebuilt after the fire by Christopher Wren and his office; the current structure was built to the designs of Wren between 1671 and 1673. The mason-contractor was Thomas Cartwright, one of the leading London mason-contractors and carvers of his generation.
In 1914, a stone from the crypt of St Mary-le-Bow church was placed in Trinity Church, New York, in commemoration of the fact that King William III granted the vestry of Trinity Church the same privileges as St Mary-le-Bow vestry, the forerunner of lower-tier local government. Since the early 1940s, a recording of the Bow Bells made in 1926 has been used by the BBC World Service as an interval signal for the English-language broadcasts, it is still used today preceding some English-language broadcasts. Much of the current building was destroyed by a German bomb during the Blitz on 10 May 1941, during which fire the bells crashed to the ground. Restoration under the direction of Laurence King began in 1956; the bells as listed above, cast in 1956, were installed to resume ringing in 1961. The church was formally reconsecrated in 1964, having achieved designation as a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950. In the church is a memorial to members of the Norwegian resistance who died in the Second World War, in two parts.
In the churchyard is a statue of Captain John Smith of Jamestown, founder of Virginia and former parishioner of the church. Since 1989, there has been a restaurant in the crypt: Café Below. St Mary-le-Bow ministers to livery companies of the City of London. Services feature weekday morning and evening led prayers lasting just a quarter of an hour at 08:15 and 17:45. There is a memorial in the church to the first Governor in Australia, Admiral Arthur Phillip, born in the parish. Through this connection the Rector of St Mary-le-Bow is the Chaplain of the Britain–Australia Society, it is still home to the Court of Arches today. The organ is a two-manual and pedal design by Kenneth Tickell and Company, with design and construction initiated in 2004, it occupies the case of the previous Dreaper organ. The inaugural recital was given by Thomas Trotter in September 2010; the resident organist is Alan Wilson. List of churches and cathedrals of London List of Christopher
Flintham
Flintham is an English village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, seven miles from Newark-on-Trent, opposite RAF Syerston on the A46. Its population was 597 at the 2011 Census; the Ham class minesweeper HMS Flintham was named after the village. The Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Augustine of Canterbury and has "a Victorian nave attached to a Norman tower and chancel." It now belongs to the Fosse Group of parishes, with St Peter's Church, East Bridgford, St Helen's Church, Kneeton, St Wilfrid's Church, St Mary's Church, Car Colston. A service is held about once a month; the village has a primary school with an enrolment of 108 in 2009, a village hall, a cricket pavilion. Its one pub, the Boot and Shoe Inn, is in Main Street. In addition, there is a volunteer shop called Flintham Community Shop, a museum of rural life. Several gardens are opened to the public for one summer weekend a year. Flintham Football Club was founded in 1969 and plays in Newark Alliance Division 3; the place-name Flintham seems to contain an Old English personal name, Flinta, + hām, a village, a manor, an estate or a homestead, so "Flinta's homestead or village".
The hard grey rock, does not exist in the neighbourhood. White's Directory of Nottinghamshire described Flintham in 1853 as: "a pleasant and well-built village, 6½ miles south-west by south of Newark, including within its parish 637 inhabitants and 2,110 acres of rich loamy land, at a rateable value of £3,324, enclosed about the year 1780, when 172 acres were allotted to the vicar, about 300 acres to Trinity College, in lieu of tithes, exclusive of 165 acres which had belonged to the said college; the greater part of the parish belongs to Thomas Blackborne Thoroton Hildyard Esq. but Francis Fryer Esq. Richard Hall Esq. and John Clark Esq. have estates here. The Duke of Newcastle is lord of the manor, which he holds in fee of the King's Duchy of Lancaster, together with several others in this neighbourhood, his Grace has no land here except 6 acres allotted to him at the enclosure. Flintham Hall, successively the seat of the Husseys, Woodhouses, Disneys and Thorotons, is now the residence of Thomas Blackborne Thoroton Hildyard Esq.
It is a handsome modern edifice, erected on the site of the ancient mansion. It owes many of its present beauties to the late Col. Hildyard." Col. Thomas Blackborne Thoroton Hildyard, Coldstream Guards, was a justice of the peace, High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and MP for Newark-on-Trent; as a Colonel in the Coldstream Guards, Thoroton Hildyard served with British forces in the American War of Independence. Col. Thoroton Hildyard was a longstanding friend and advisor to John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland, to whom he was related, his eldest son Thomas Blackborne Thoroton Hildyard lived at Flintham Hall and was educated at Eton and Oxford. In 1846 Hildyard entered political life as the Conservative Member of Parliament for the southern division of Notthinghamshire, it was a toughly contested election. Hildyard was supported, according to the University of Nottingham, by the 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne "in spite of the fact that Newcastle's son, the Earl of Lincoln, was his opponent. Lincoln attacked Hildyard's youth and inexperience, but the'young squire' still defeated him by a majority of 700.
Hildyard held South Nottinghamshire from 1846 until 1852. He was re-elected in 1866, he continued to represent the South Nottinghamshire constituency until his retirement in 1885."The name of the Hildyard family of Flintham was Thoroton. Col. Hildyard, father of MP Hildyard, was called Thomas Blackborne Thoroton; the second son of Thomas Hildyard Thomas Thoroton, took holy orders and became a rector. In 1816 the Rev. Levett Thoroton married in London the daughter of Sir Alexander Cray Grant, 8th Baronet of Dalvey, Scotland, MP. Rev. Levett Thoroton subsequently became a rector in the East Riding of Yorkshire, where his family owned land, but changed his name to Hildyard in 1815 on marrying a Hildyard heiress, the niece of Sir Robert d'Arcy Hildyard, 4th and last Baronet who died without issue, leaving his estate to his niece. Col. Thoroton Hildyard was descended from Mary Blackborne, the daughter of Sir Richard Levett, Lord Mayor of London and the widow of merchant Abraham Blackborne, her second husband Robert Thoroton of Screveton Hall, Nottinghamshire.
In 2005 the family's best-known representative, Myles Thoroton Hildyard and historian, died at Flintham. Hildyard, a Cambridge-educated landowner and historian, won the Military Cross for his daring escape from a prisoner-of-war camp following the Battle of Crete, he became known for his work at Flintham Hall, a Grade I listed house, which The Independent noted in its obituary of Hildyard, has been described as "perhaps the most gloriously romantic Victorian house in England." Myles Hildyard had worked extensively during his tenure to restore the landscape park and woodland that enclose the Hall and the Conservatory, as well as the Hall's walled garden. Myles Hildyard was an historian and writer, for 40 years served as President of The Thoroton Society, the leading Nottinghamshire history organisation named in honour of Dr Robert Thoroton, author of the first history of the county, The Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, published in 1677, the brother of Hildyard's ancestor Thomas Th
Addington, London
Addington is an area of South London, within the London Borough of Croydon. It is located 11.1 miles south of Charing Cross. It lies within the historic county of Surrey. In ancient days named Edintona Eddintone; the village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred. Addington is thought to be named after a Saxon. In the Domesday Book, two manors are linked with the names Godric and Osward. Addington Place known as Addington Farm and now called Addington Palace, dominates the village above the church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church and The Cricketers pub; the manor house was the residence of the Leigh family. From this Leigh family, Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma is believed to be descended. There is an oft repeated, but false account of a royal hunting lodge, "where King Henry VIII wooed Anne Boleyn, whose family owned nearby Wickham Court" by West Wickham Parish Church. However, the Anne Boleyn of Wickham Court was the aunt of Queen Anne.
The Palladian mansion was built in the mid-18th century by Barlow Trecothick, from Boston, Massachusetts in the United States, who returned to England and became an MP and Lord Mayor of the City of London in 1770. After his death without heirs, his nephew James Ivers of Boston, continued his uncle's work and had the grounds laid out by Lancelot Brown; the estate was sold and as Croydon Palace became too inconvenient and unsanitary, the Addington house and part of the estate was bought for the Archbishops of Canterbury as a country residence. The last Archbishop to use it was Archbishop Benson. In the 20th century, technological advances and population growth in the region led to many changes in the way of life for people in Addington. At the beginning of the century, Addington was in the county of Surrey, which had established urban and rural districts to provide services matched to the needs of the differing communities; the parish of Addington was transferred to Godstone Rural District on abolition of Croydon Rural District in 1915.
Subsequently, Addington parish was absorbed by the County Borough of Croydon in 1925. Since 1965 the county borough has been part of the London Borough of Croydon within urbanized Greater London, which ended over 900 years of administration by the county of Surrey. New Addington was developed to the south of the existing village from the 1930s onwards. There are still several old houses and buildings in Addington and though there has been some modern building, the village atmosphere is intact in the 21st century, despite its being in Greater London. There is a blacksmith's forge, dating from around 1740, now making ornamental ironwork; the hunt used to meet outside the pub, The Cricketers which has reverted to its former name once again after a temporary change of name. The village co-operative store and post office is now a private house; the book, Addington: A History was written by Frank Warren, published by Phillimore & Company in 1984. St Mary's Church, Addington is an Anglican church in the village.
It is associated with the Archbishops of Canterbury of the 19th century, who lived at nearby Addington Palace. Five successive archbishops are buried at the church: Charles Manners-Sutton. Addington Village Tram Stop connects the area with Tramlink services to West Croydon and New Addington. Addington Village is served by seven buses ran by Transport for London, which connects it with areas including Bromley, Eltham, New Addington, Orpington and Thornton Heath. Cricket has been played in the village since at least the 18th century. Addington in the Domesday Book
Lord Robert Manners-Sutton
Lord Robert Manners Manners-Sutton was the second son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland by his wife the Hon. Bridget Sutton, younger brother of the famous soldier Lord Granby, under whom he served as Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the 21st Light Dragoons, he was a captain in the Duke of Kingston's Light Horse in 1745 and a lieutenant-colonel in the Duke of Cumberland's Dragoons in 1746-48, with whom he served in Flanders during the War of the Austrian Succession. He was appointed Colonel commandant of the 21st Light Dragoons from 1760 to his death. Becoming a courtier, he served as a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales from 1749 to 1751, he was appointed Master of the Staghounds on 26 April 1744 and Master of the Harriers from 11 April 1754 until 13 January 1756. From 6 July 1747 until his death he was one of the Members of Parliament for Nottinghamshire, he adopted the additional surname of Sutton on succeeding to the estates of his maternal grandfather the 2nd Lord Lexinton in 1734.
These included Kelham Hall, near Nottinghamshire. He died without having married, so the estates passed to his next brother Lord George Manners, who adopted the name Manners-Sutton
William Howley
William Howley was a clergyman in the Church of England. He served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1828 to 1848. Howley was born in 1766 at Ropley, where his father was vicar, he was educated in 1783 went to New College, Oxford. He became Chaplain to the Marquess of Abercorn in 1792, whose influence was critical in advancing his early career. In 1809 he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University He was an active English Freemason, having joined the'Royal York Lodge' in Bristol on 21 December 1791, aged 25, served the lodge until around the turn of the century. In October 1813, at Lambeth Palace, he was consecrated Bishop of London, a post he was to occupy until 1828, when he became Archbishop of Canterbury. Howley was Archbishop during the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, the Emancipation of the Catholics and the passing of the Great Reform Act; the bench of bishops was opposed to all three measures. As archbishop, Howley was their spokesman, his heart-felt opposition to the Great Reform Act led to his carriage being attacked in the streets of Canterbury.
Like many other bishops at that time, Howley was an "old-High Churchman." These inherited a tradition of high views of the sacraments from the Caroline Divines and their successors. They held Catholic beliefs but were anti-Roman, they were despised by the more extreme Tractarians and their beliefs were obscured, for example, in Richard William Church's classic account of the Oxford Movement. Archbishop Howley presided over the coronation of William IV and Queen Adelaide in 1831. At 5 a.m. on 20 June 1837, accompanied by the Lord Chamberlain, the Marquis Conyngham, the Archbishop went to Kensington Palace to inform Princess Victoria that she was now Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Architecture was of particular interest to him. During his career, he initiated the renovation and rebuilding of: his official house at Oxford, his town residence while Bishop of London, Fulham Palace, extensive renovations to Lambeth Palace; this last project was a virtual reconstruction of the Palace carried out by Edward Blore, the work beginning after 1828 and done in the Gothic Revival style.
It took several years and cost upwards of £60,000. William Howley was married on 29 August 1805 to Mary Frances Belli, a daughter of John Belli, EICS, of Southampton, Private Secretary to Warren Hastings; the Howleys had three daughters. One of his daughters married Sir George Howland Willoughby Beaumont, a nephew of Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet. William Howley was interred at Addington after an elaborate funeral. Garrard, James. Archbishop Howley 1828-1848; the Archbishops of Canterbury Series. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4724-5133-0. Howley's papers as Bishop of London Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Bishop of Gloucester
The Bishop of Gloucester is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Gloucester in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers part of the County of Worcestershire; the see's centre of governance is the City of Gloucester where the bishop's chair is located in the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Indivisible Trinity. The bishop's residence is Gloucester; the office has been in existence since the foundation of the see in 1541 under King Henry VIII from part of the Diocese of Worcester. On 5 August 2014, Martyn Snow, the suffragan Bishop of Tewkesbury, became acting Bishop of Gloucester. On 26 March 2015, it was announced. Chronological list of the bishops of the Diocese of Gloucester. Bishop of Gloucester's homepage
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Overton, John Henry (1893). "Manners-Sutton, Charles (1755-1828)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 36. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 
