1.
Comics
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Comics is a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images, often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing, cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics, fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comic albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures, scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe, histories of Japanese comics and cartooning propose origins as early as the 12th century. Comics has had a reputation for much of its history. The English term comics is used as a noun when it refers to the medium. Though the term derives from the work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics. The increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has further made definition difficult, examples of early comics The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Japan had a prehistory of satirical cartoons and comics leading up to the World War II era. The ukiyo-e artist Hokusai popularized the Japanese term for comics and cartooning, manga, in the post-war era modern Japanese comics began to flourish when Osamu Tezuka produced a prolific body of work. Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825, the most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. American comics developed out of magazines as Puck, Judge. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcaults The Yellow Kid, early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fishers Mutt and Jeff. In Britain, the Amalgamated Press established a style of a sequence of images with text beneath them, including Illustrated Chips
2.
Derby, Connecticut
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Derby is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 12,903 at the 2010 census, Derby was settled in 1642 as an Indian trading post under the name Paugasset. It was named after Derby, England, in 1675, Derby was incorporated on May 13,1775. In the 19th century, both corsets and hoop skirts were manufactured in the city, in 1872, the Derby Silver Company began production. In 1898, the became a division of the International Silver Company headquartered in Meriden, CT. Charlton Comics, a book publishing company that existed from 1944 to 1986, was based in town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 5.4 square miles. The city is home to the 1.4 square kilometres Osbornedale State Park, Derby is divided into two main sections by the Naugatuck River, East Derby and Derby Center. The center of Derby is approximately 66 miles from New York City, as of the census of 2000, there were 12,391 people,5,252 households, and 3,245 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,487.6 people per square mile, there were 5,568 housing units at an average density of 1,117.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 90. 08% White,3. 62% Black or African American,0. 16% Native American,1. 74% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,2. 52% from other races, and 1. 82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 67% of the population,32. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the family size was 2.94. In the town the population was out with 21. 7% under the age of 18,7. 2% from 18 to 24,33. 0% from 25 to 44,21. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males, the median income for a household in the town was $45,670, and the median income for a family was $54,715. Males had an income of $42,367 versus $30,458 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,117, about 6. 9% of families and 8. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. 1% of those under age 18 and 7. 8% of those age 65 or over
3.
Connecticut
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Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area and it is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U. S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Connecticuts center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticuts first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Landmarks and Cities of Connecticut Connecticut is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New York, on the north by Massachusetts, and on the east by Rhode Island. The state capital and third largest city is Hartford, and other cities and towns include Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, Danbury, New Britain, Greenwich. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art
6.
Genre
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Genre is any form or type of communication in any mode with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time. Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented, often, works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions. Stand alone texts, works, or pieces of communication may have individual styles, some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible. Genre began as a classification system for ancient Greek literature. Poetry, prose, and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story. Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy, in later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators. Genre became a tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art. Because art is often a response to a state, in that people write/paint/sing/dance about what they know about. Genre suffers from the ills of any classification system. Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to works on their unique merit. While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions, proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation, recombination, and evolution of the codes. The term genre is used in the history and criticism of visual art. These are distinguished from staffage, incidental figures in what is primarily a landscape or architectural painting, Genre painting may also be used as a wider term covering genre painting proper, and other specialized types of paintings such as still-life, landscapes, marine paintings and animal paintings. The concept of the hierarchy of genres was a one in artistic theory. It was strongest in France, where it was associated with the Académie française which held a role in academic art. Genres may be determined by technique, tone, content. Genre should not be confused with age category, by which literature may be classified as adult, young adult. They also must not be confused with format, such as novel or picture book
7.
Crime fiction
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Crime fiction is the literary genre that fictionalises crimes, their detection, criminals, and their motives. It is usually distinguished from mainstream fiction and other such as historical fiction or science fiction. Crime fiction has multiple subgenres, including fiction, courtroom drama, hard-boiled fiction. Suspense and mystery are key elements that are ubiquitous to the genre. In Italy people commonly call a story about detectives or crimes giallo, better known are the earlier dark works of Edgar Allan Poe. Wilkie Collins epistolary novel The Woman in White was published in 1860, french author Émile Gaboriaus Monsieur Lecoq laid the groundwork for the methodical, scientifically minded detective. The evolution of locked room mysteries was one of the landmarks in the history of crime fiction, the Sherlock Holmes mysteries of Arthur Conan Doyle are said to have been singularly responsible for the huge popularity in this genre. A precursor was Paul Féval, whose series Les Habits Noirs features Scotland Yard detectives, the best-selling crime novel of the nineteenth century was Fergus Humes The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, set in Melbourne, Australia. The evolution of the print mass media in the United Kingdom, like the works of many other important fiction writers of his day—e. g. Wilkie Collins and Charles Dickens—Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes stories first appeared in form in the monthly Strand magazine in the United Kingdom. Later a set of stereotypic formulae began to appear to cater to various tastes, Crime fiction can be divided into the following four branches, The cozy mystery, a subgenre of detective fiction in which profanity, sex, and violence are downplayed or treated humorously. The whodunit, the most common form of detective fiction, the historical whodunnit, also a subgenre of historical fiction. The police procedural, the detective is a member of the police, the forensic crime fiction, similar to the police procedural. The detective the reader follows is usually a medical examiner or pathologist—they must use the evidence left on the body. This subgenre was first introduced by Patricia Cornwell, the legal thriller, the major characters are lawyers and their employees, and they become involved in proving their cases. The spy novel, the characters are spies, usually working for an intelligence agency. The caper story and the novel, the stories are told from the point of view of the criminals. The parody or spoof When trying to pigeon-hole fiction, it is difficult to tell where crime fiction starts
8.
Science fiction
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Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
9.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
10.
Horror fiction
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Horror is a genre of fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle their readers or viewers by inducing feelings of horror and terror. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon has defined the horror story as a piece of fiction in prose of variable length, which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing. It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere, Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society. The genre of horror has ancient origins with roots in folklore and religious traditions, focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and these were manifested in stories of beings such as witches, vampires, werewolves and ghosts. 18th century Gothic horror drew on these sources with the seminal and controversial The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole and this marked the first incorporated elements of the supernatural instead of pure realism. In fact, the first edition was published disguised as a medieval romance from Italy discovered and republished by a fictitious translator. Once revealed as contemporary, many found it anachronistic, reactionary, or simply in poor taste — but it proved to be immediately popular. That first novel of Gothic horror inspired such works as Vathek by William Beckford, A Sicilian Romance, The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Italian by Ann Radcliffe and The Monk by Matthew Lewis. A significant amount of fiction of this era was written by women and marketed at a female audience. The Gothic tradition blossomed into the modern readers call horror literature in the 19th century. Each of these novels and novellas created an icon of horror seen in modern re-imaginings on the stage. The proliferation of periodicals, as early as the turn of the century. One writer who specialized in fiction for mainstream pulps such as All-Story Magazine was Tod Robbins, whose fiction dealt with themes of madness. Later, specialist publications emerged to give horror writers an outlet, including Weird Tales, influential horror writers of the early 20th century made inroads in these mediums. Early cinema was inspired by aspects of horror literature, and early horror cinema started a strong tradition of horror films. This imagery made these comics controversial, and as a consequence they were frequently censored, many modern novels claim an early description of the living dead in a precursor to the modern zombie tale, including Dennis Wheatleys Strange Conflict, H. P. Lovecraft stories such as Cool Air, In The Vault, richard Mathesons novel I Am Legend would also influence an entire genre of apocalyptic zombie fiction emblematic of the films of George A. Romero
11.
War comics
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War comics is a genre of comic books that gained popularity in English-speaking countries following World War II. Shortly after the birth of the comic book in the mid- to late 1930s. Even prior to the U. S. involvement in World War II, comic books such as Captain America Comics #1 depicted superheroes fighting Adolf Hitler, golden Age publisher Quality Comics debuted its title Blackhawk in 1944, the title was published more or less continuously until the mid-1980s. In the post-World War II era, comic books devoted solely to war stories began appearing, the titles tended to concentrate on US military depictions, generally in World War II, the Korean War or the Vietnam War. Another prolific publisher of war comics was Charlton Comics, which produced a variety of titles beginning in the 1950s, such as Battlefield Action, Fightin Army. Marvel Comics also produced war titles, notably Sgt, around 1959, several recurring characters began to appear in mainstream comic lines, including Sgt. Rock and The Haunted Tank in the DC line and these recurring characters began as regular guests of anthology titles such as Our Army at War and later graduated to their own titles. By the late 1980s, a number of venerable war titles from the late 1950s and 1960s Silver Age of Comic Books died out. War comics series that ended long runs in the 1980s, following publication of over 100 issues, include, fury and his Howling Commandos Sgt. Another notable war comic focused on Vietnam was Don Lomaxs Vietnam Journal, also from Marvel in the 1980s was the toy tie-in G. I. Black and white anthology stories were popular in Britain in the 1960s, examples include Commando Comics and Battle Picture Weekly. There were also weekly comics that consisted of a variety of war story series, such as The Victor, Warlord. Trade paperback reprint collections of war include, Blackhawk Archives Vol.1 Enemy Ace Archives Vol.1 Enemy Ace Archives Vol.2 The Losers by Jack Kirby Marvel Masterworks Sgt. Fury Vol.1 Marvel Masterworks Sgt, rock Archives Vol.3 Showcase Presents Blackhawk Vol.1 Showcase Presents Enemy Ace Vol.1 Showcase Presents The Haunted Tank Vol.1 Showcase Presents The Haunted Tank Vol.2 Showcase Presents Sgt. Rock Vol.1 Showcase Presents Sgt, when the Comics Went to War. Above the Dreamless Dead, World War I in Poetry and Comics, Scott, Cord A. Comics and Conflict, Patriotism and Propaganda from WWII Through Operation Iraqi Freedom. Cord Scott discusses Comics and Conflict, Patriotism and Propaganda from WWII through Operation Iraqi Freedom at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
12.
Romance comics
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Romance comics is a comics genre depicting strong and close romantic love and its attendant complications such as jealousy, marriage, divorce, betrayal, and heartache. The term is associated with an American comic books genre published through the first three decades of the Cold War. The origins of romance comics lie in the immediately following World War II when adult comics readership increased. By the early 1950s, dozens of titles from major comics publishers were on the newsstands. Simon was serving in the United States Coast Guard when he got the idea for romance comics, I noticed there were so many adults, the officers and men, I felt sure there should be an adult comic book. Simon developed the idea with sample covers and title pages and called his production Young Romance, Simon later noted he chose the love genre because it was about the only thing that hadnt been done. After the service, Simon teamed-up with former partner Kirby, bill Draut and other artists participated, with Simon and Kirby producing the scripts because we couldnt afford writers. Rather than the comic strips, Simon took his inspiration from the darker-toned confession magazines such as True Story from Macfadden Publications. The finished book was delivered to Crestwood Publications general manager Maurice Rosenfeld, Crestwood owners Mike Bleir and Teddy Epstein were enthusiastic and worked out a 50% arrangement with the creators. Profit sharing was unusual at the time, and Kirby later noted he and his partner were, in fact, the first issue of Young Romance was cover-dated September–October 1947, and beneath the title bore the tagline Designed For The More ADULT Readers of Comics. The title sold 92% of its print run, with the third issue, Crestwood increased the print run to triple the initial number of copies. Circulation jumped to 1,000,000 copies s month, initially published bimonthly, Young Romance quickly became a monthly and generated the spin-off, Young Love — together the two sold two million copies a month. Kirby noted the books made millions, the two titles were later joined by Young Brides and In Love, the latter featuring full-length romance stories. Timely/Marvel brought the second title to newsstands with My Romance in August 1948. Fawcett Publications followed with Sweethearts in October 1948, Fawcett also published three issues of Negro Romance, which was notable for its eschewing of African-American stereotypes, telling stories interchangeable with those told about white characters. By 1950, more than 150 romance titles were on the newsstands from Quality Comics, Avon, Lev Gleason Publications, the DC Comics romance line was overseen by Jack Miller, who also wrote many stories. Fox Feature Syndicate published over two dozen love comics with 17 featuring My in the title—My Desire, My Secret, My Secret Affair, et al. Charlton Comics published a line of romance titles, particularly after 1953 when it acquired the Fawcett Comics line, which included Sweethearts, Romantic Secrets
13.
Funny animal
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A funny animal is an anthropomorphic animal character who lives like a human. Additionally, some such as Bugs Bunny are inconsistently characterized as funny animals. Funny animal is also the genre of comics and animated cartoons which primarily feature funny animals, while many funny animal stories are light-hearted and humorous, the genre is not exclusively comedic. These stories may intersect with any genre or group of genres, including historical fiction, science fiction, superhero, western, slapstick comedy, childrens/family entertainment. Early examples of animal characters in literature came in the 1865 book Alices Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll with characters such as the White Rabbit. An early example of a book which made use of funny animals was the 1908 childrens book The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame. This story featured the character Mr. Toad who is human in almost every sense, other characters in the book, such as a mole, water rat, and otter, are also very human with the exception of preferring their species native habitats. The mole, for example, lives underground, but in a finished home, the 1945 novel Animal Farm by George Orwell notably features several talking animal characters who transition to bipedal, clothes-wearing funny animals by the end of the story. In the 1940s, Fawcett Comics published a book entitled Funny Animals, featuring such characters as Hoppy the Marvel Bunny. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a subgenre of original funny animal comic books with subject matter that were created largely for mature readers, comic strips have long been an outlet for funny animal characters. U. S. Krazy Kat was an early comic strip featuring the titular cat. This tactic allows for the relationship between human and animal to be ambiguous, as it may not be if the human can understand what the animal is thinking. The aforementioned Snoopy and Garfield are famous for this type of thought-speech, when the Peanuts specials were adapted for television, producers opted to make Snoopy mute, just as a normal dog would be, and act out his thoughts in pantomime. The funny animal genre evolved in the 1920s and 1930s, at a time when blackface became less socially acceptable, song and dance fell out of favor and were largely replaced by comedy and satire. The Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts by Warner Bros, animation, for instance, introduced dozens of funny animals, many of whom have reached iconic status in American culture. During this period there were standout creations like Ralph Bakshis iconoclastic feature animated film, Funny animals and animal-like characters made a brief comeback in the late 1980s and into the 1990s. American comic book Kemono Furry fandom Golden Age of American animation Human–animal hybrid Talking animal List of anthropomorphic animal superheroes Williams, P. Lyons, J. The Rise of the American Comics Artist, Creators and Contexts, University Press of Mississippi, ISBN9781604737929 Meskin, A. and Cook, R. T. and Ellis, W
14.
Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
15.
White Plains, New York
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White Plains is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is the county seat and commercial hub of Westchester, an affluent suburban county just north of New York City that is home to almost one million people, White Plains is located in south-central Westchester, with its downtown 25 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. As of 2013, the total population was estimated to be 57,866. According to the city government, the daytime population is estimated at 250,000. The city was ranked third in the top 10 places to live in New York for 2014, according to national online real estate brokerage Movoto. At the time of the Dutch settlement of Manhattan in the early 17th century, however, John Richbell of Mamaroneck claimed to have earlier title to much of the territory through his purchase of a far larger plot extending 20 miles inland, perhaps from a different tribe. The matter wasnt settled until 1721, when a Royal Patent for White Plains was granted by King George II, the unincorporated village remained part of the Town of Rye until 1788, when the town of White Plains was created. On July 9,1776, a copy of the Declaration of Independence was delivered to the New York Provincial Congress, the delegates quickly adopted a resolution approving the Declaration, thus declaring both the colonys independence and the formation of the State of New York. The Declaration itself was first publicly read from the steps of the courthouse on July 11, the Battle of White Plains took place primarily on Chatterton Hill, and the Bronx River. Howes forces had suffered 250 casualties, a loss, and he made no attempt to pursue the Continentals, whose casualties were about 125 dead. Three days after the battle Washington withdrew north of the village, but after several inconclusive skirmishes over the next week Howe withdrew on November 5, leaving White Plains to the Continentals. Although he was court-martialed and convicted for this action, he escaped punishment, the first United States Census, conducted in 1790, listed the White Plains population at 505, of whom 46 were slaves. By 1800, the population stood at 575 and in 1830,830, by 1870,26 years after the arrival of the New York Central Railroad, it had swollen to 2,630 and by 1890 to 4,508. In the decades that followed the count grew to 7,899 and 26,425, White Plains was incorporated as a village in 1866 and as a city in 1916. Early in the 20th century, White Plains downtown area developed into a dominant suburban shopping district and featured branch stores of many famous New York-based department and specialty stores. Some of these locations were the first large-scale suburban stores built in the United States. With the construction of the parkways and expressways in the 1940s and 1960s, with a city opening ceremony Macys launched a grand White Plains store on Main Street across from City Hall in 1949. As the mayor said at the time, this was a significant event in the life of White Plains, at the time of its construction, the Westchester One building was the largest office building between New York City and Albany, and east to Hartford
16.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
17.
Yonkers, New York
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Yonkers is the fourth most populous city in the U. S. state of New York, and the most populous city in Westchester County, with a population of 195,976. It is an suburb of New York City, directly to the north of the Bronx. Yonkerss downtown is centered on a known as Getty Square. The area also houses significant local businesses and non-profits, and serves as a retail hub for Yonkers. This grant was purchased in July 1645 by Adriaen van der Donck, van der Donck was known locally as the Jonkheer or Jonker, a word from which the name Yonkers is directly derived. Van der Donck built a saw mill near where the Nepperhan Creek met the Hudson, van der Donck was killed in the Peach War. His wife, Mary Doughty, was taken captive and ransomed later, near the site of van der Doncks mill is Philipse Manor Hall, a Colonial-era manor house which today serves as a museum and archive, offering many glimpses into life before the American Revolution. The original structure was built around 1682 by Frederick Philipse and his wife Margaret Hardenbroeck, Frederick was a wealthy Dutchman who by the time of his death had amassed an enormous estate, which encompassed the entire modern City of Yonkers, as well as several other Hudson River towns. Philipses great-grandson, Frederick Philipse III, was a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution, all the lands that belonged to the Philipse family were confiscated and sold. For its first two hundred years, Yonkers was a farming town with an active industrial waterfront. Yonkerss later growth rested largely on developing industry, in 1853, Elisha Otis invented the first safety elevator and the Otis Elevator Company, opened the first elevator factory in the world on the banks of the Hudson near what is now Vark Street. It relocated to larger quarters in the 1880s, the community was incorporated as a village in the northern part of the Town of Yonkers in 1854 and as a city in 1872. In 1874 the southern part of Yonkers, including Kingsbridge and Riverdale, was annexed by New York City as The Bronx, in 1898, Yonkers voted on a referendum to determine if they wanted to become part of New York City. Still, some call the city the Sixth Borough referring to its location on the New York City border, its urban character. The New York City and Northern Railway Company connected Yonkers to Manhattan, a three-mile spur to Getty Square existed until 1943. Aside from being a center, Yonkers also played a key role in the development of entertainment in the United States. In 1888, Scottish-born John Reid founded the first golf course in the United States, St. Andrews Golf Club, bakelite, the first completely synthetic plastic, was invented in Yonkers circa 1906 by Leo Baekeland, and manufactured there until the late 1920s. Early in the 20th century, Yonkers also hosted a brass era automobile maker, Colt Runabout Company, despite the cars seemingly glowing performance, Yonkers was also the headquarters of the Waring Hat Company, at the time the nations largest hat manufacturer
18.
Copyright
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Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time, the exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the expression of ideas. Copyright is a form of property, applicable to certain forms of creative work. Some, but not all jurisdictions require fixing copyrighted works in a tangible form and it is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, copyrights are considered territorial rights, which means that they do not extend beyond the territory of a specific jurisdiction. While many aspects of copyright laws have been standardized through international copyright agreements. Typically, the duration of a copyright spans the authors life plus 50 to 100 years, some countries require certain copyright formalities to establishing copyright, but most recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration. Generally, copyright is enforced as a matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions. Most jurisdictions recognize copyright limitations, allowing fair exceptions to the exclusivity of copyright. Copyright came about with the invention of the press and with wider literacy. As a legal concept, its origins in Britain were from a reaction to printers monopolies at the beginning of the 18th century, Copyright laws allow products of creative human activities, such as literary and artistic production, to be preferentially exploited and thus incentivized. Different cultural attitudes, social organizations, economic models and legal frameworks are seen to account for why copyright emerged in Europe and not, for example, however, with copyright laws, intellectual production comes to be seen as a product of an individual, with attendant rights. The most significant point is that patent and copyright laws support the expansion of the range of human activities that can be commodified. This parallels the ways in which led to the commodification of many aspects of social life that earlier had no monetary or economic value per se. Often seen as the first real copyright law, the 1709 British Statute of Anne gave the rights for a fixed period. The act also alluded to individual rights of the artist and it began, Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing. Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of the Authors. to their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them and their Families
19.
New Haven, Connecticut
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New Haven, in the U. S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut, with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census, according to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741. New Haven was founded in 1638 by English Puritans, and a year later eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, the central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre square, and the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark and the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark, New Haven is the home of Yale University. The university is an part of the citys economy, being New Havens biggest taxpayer and employer. Health care, professional services, financial services, and retail trade also help to form a base for the city. The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, New Haven has since billed itself as the Cultural Capital of Connecticut for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven is also the birthplace of George W. Bush, New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees that gave New Haven the nickname The Elm City. The area was visited by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614. Dutch traders set up a trading system of beaver pelts with the local inhabitants, but trade was sporadic. In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area, the Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection. By 1640, the theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place. However, the north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, at the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. Economic disaster struck the colony in 1646, however, when the town sent its first fully loaded ship of goods back to England. This ship never reached the Old World, and its disappearance stymied New Havens development in the face of the rising power of Boston. In 1660, founder John Davenports wishes were fulfilled, and Hopkins School was founded in New Haven with money from the estate of Edward Hopkins, in 1661, the judges who had signed the death warrant of Charles I of England were pursued by Charles II
20.
Waterbury, Connecticut
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Waterbury is a city in the U. S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River,33 miles southwest of Hartford and 77 miles northeast of New York City. Waterbury is in New Haven County, Connecticut and it was noted for the manufacture of watches and clocks. The city is along Interstate 84 and Route 8 and has a Metro-North railroad station with connections to Grand Central Terminal, the original settlement of Waterbury in 1674 was in the area now known as the Town Plot section. In 1675, the turbulence of King Philips War caused the new settlement to be vacated until the resumption of peace in 1677, the original Algonquin inhabitants called the area Matetacoke meaning the interval lands. Thus, the name was Anglicised to Mattatuck in 1673. At that time, it included all or parts of what became the towns of Watertown, Plymouth, Wolcott, Prospect, Naugatuck, Thomaston. Growth was slow during Waterburys first hundred years, the lack of land due to the constant flooding of the Naugatuck River in particular. Furthermore, the residents suffered through a flood in 1691. After a century, Waterburys population numbered just 5,000, the new brass industry attracted many immigrant laborers from all over the world, leading to an influx of diverse nationalities. Waterbury was incorporated as a city in 1853 and, as the Brass Capital of the World, Brass and copper supplied by Waterbury was notably used in Nevadas Boulder Dam and found myriad applications across the United States, as well. Another famous Waterbury product of the century was Robert H. Ingersolls one-dollar pocket watch. After this, the industry became as important as Waterburys famed brass industry. Evidence of these two important industries can still be seen in Waterbury, as numerous clocktowers and old factories have become landmarks of the city. In June 1920, labor unrest occurred in the town, with striking workers fighting with police on the street, over 30 were arrested, mostly Lithuanians, Russians, Poles, and Italians. The strikers numbered some 15,000, with most being employed at Scovill, Chase Rolling Mill, one striker was shot to death by police. At its peak during World War II,10,000 people worked at the Scovill Manufacturing Co, the citys metal manufacturing mills occupied more than 2 million square feet and more than 90 buildings. Michael J. McGivney founded the Knights of Columbus in New Haven, Connecticut, though the first councils were all in Connecticut, the Order spread throughout the United States in the following years. Established in 1894, St. Josephs Church holds the distinction of being the first Lithuanian worshiping community in Connecticut, the first Unico Club was founded in Waterbury in 1922
21.
Yellowjacket (Charlton Comics)
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Yellowjacket is a fictional super-hero, and the first to be published by the company that would become Charlton Comics. He first appeared in Yellowjacket Comics #1 Yellowjacket starred in his own title, Yellowjacket Comics, there was no artist or writer credited for the stories. These ten issues were published by E. Levy/Frank Comunale, which later became Charlton, when the title was renamed Jack in the Box, Yellowjacket appeared in the first issue, #11. He also appeared in TNT Comics #1, which was published by Charles Publications, due to copyright laws at the time of his inception, Yellowjacket lapsed into the public domain on the 28th anniversary of his initial published appearance. Yellowjacket finally makes his DC Comics debut in Grant Morrisons The Multiversity series and he is the first superhero on Earth 4, as well as the father of the President of the United States on that Earth. Yellowjackets secret identity is crime writer, Vince Harley, yellowjackets page at International Superheroes A Hero History Of Yellowjacket Yellowjacket at Don Marksteins Toonopedia. Archived from the original on September 11,2015
22.
Editing
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Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete work. The editing process begins with the authors idea for the work itself. As such, editing can involve creative skills, human relations, there are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the editorial staff. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing a product for its final release, the smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap. The top editor at many publications may be known as the chief editor, a frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor. Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help to manage sections, such as business, sports, in U. S. newspapers, the level below the top editor is usually the managing editor. Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of an editor or a commissioning editor in a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibilities of a sponsoring editor, copy editors correct spelling, grammar and align writings to house style. Changes to the industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors. At newspapers and wire services, copy editors write headlines and work on substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion, at U. K. and Australian newspapers, the term is sub-editor. They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer and these editors may have the title of layout or design editor or makeup editor. However, another editor is sometimes involved in the creation of research articles. Called the authors editor, this works with authors to get a manuscript fit for purpose before it is submitted to a scholarly journal for publication. The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying the standards of the publisher to the copy. K, technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, identifying usage errors and ensuring adherence to a style guide. Large companies dedicate experienced writers to the editing function
23.
Timely Comics
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Timely Comics, initially Timely Publications, was the earliest comic book arm of American publisher Martin Goodman, and the entity that would evolve by the 1960s to become Marvel Comics. The company was founded in 1939 as Timely Publications, based at his company in the McGraw-Hill Building at 330 West 42nd Street in New York City. In 1942, it moved to the 14th floor of the Empire State Building, in 2016, Marvel announced that Timely Comics would be the name of a new imprint of low-priced reprint comics. to supply material. His first effort, Marvel Comics #1, featured the first appearances of writer-artist Carl Burgos android superhero, the Human Torch, a painted cover by veteran science-fiction pulp artist Frank R. Paul featured the Human Torch, looking much different from the interior story. That initial comic, cover-dated October 1939, quickly sold out 80,000 copies, prompting Goodman to produce a second printing, the latter is identical except for a black bar over the October date in the inside-front-cover indicia, and the November date added at the end. With a hit on his hands, Goodman began assembling a staff, hiring Funnies. Simon brought along his collaborator, artist Jack Kirby, followed by artist Syd Shores, Goodman then formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941. But it appeared intermittently, when someone remembered to put it on cover. The Grand Comics Database identifies 23 issues of Goodman comic books from 1944 to 1959 with Red Circle, Inc. branding, Marvel Comics was rechristened Marvel Mystery Comics with issue #2, the magazine would continue under that title through #92 before becoming Marvel Tales through #159. Timely began publishing additional series, beginning with Daring Mystery Comics #1, Mystic Comics #1, Red Raven Comics #1, The Human Torch #2, and Captain America Comics #1. Going on sale in December 1940, a year before the bombing of Pearl Harbor and already showing the hero punching Hitler, timelys other major competitors were Fawcett Publications, Quality Comics, and Lev Gleason Publications. Just as Captain America had his teenage sidekick Bucky and DC Comics Batman had Robin, stan Lee, a cousin of Goodmans by marriage who had been serving as an assistant since 1939, at age 16, was promoted to interim editor just shy of his 19th birthday. Showing a knack for the business, Lee stayed on for decades, fellow Timely staffer Vincent Fago would substitute during Lees World War II military service. The staff at that time, Fago recalled, was, Mike Sekowsky, gary Keller was a production assistant and letterer. Ernest Hart and Kin Platt were writers, but they worked freelance, george Klein, Syd Shores, Vince Alascia, Dave Gantz, and Chris Rule were there, too. In 1942, Goodman moved his operations to the 14th floor of the Empire State Building. The superheroes were the products of what Timely referred to as the adventure bullpen. k. a, moe Worth, and future Mad magazine cartoonists Dave Berg and Al Jaffee. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolvertons best-known features, the first issue, cover-dated January 1943, bore no number, and protagonist Pepper looked different from his more familiar visualization as the bullet-headed naif in the striped turtleneck sweater
24.
Vincent Fago
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Fago headed the Timely animator bullpen, which was largely separate from the superhero group that produced comics featuring the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner and Captain America. Later in his career, Fago oversaw Pendulum Press Now Age Books line of comic adaptations of literary classics. Fago was born in 1914 in Yonkers, New York, of parents who had immigrated from Naples and he had two sisters and a 10-year-older brother, Al Fago. At 14, Vincent Fago sold his first cartoon to the New York Sun and he attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx, graduating at age 20, he recalled in 2001, after encountering difficulties upon losing vision in one eye at age 16. Bug Goes to Town and Gullivers Travels, after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Fago, not wishing to work on the war-related projects the studio began doing, returned to New York City. Sometime after Lees return, Fago left to work in independent comic-book production, in 1948, he took over the syndicated Sunday comic strip Peter Rabbit. For the entire decade of the 1970s, Fago worked under a contract for West Haven. Based in his Bethel studio, Fago adapted, edited, specifically designed for classroom use, the Pendulum classics used typeset instead of hand lettering, vocabulary appropriate for grade levels, and included word lists and questions at the back. After having difficulty finding American artists to illustrate the comics, Fago turned to Filipino artist Nestor Redondo, who offered to help Fago recruit some of his fellow Filipino comics artists. In 1970, Fago and his wife traveled to the Philippines and, with Redondo as their guide, during this period, Fago also collaborated with Vermont-based musician Julie Albright on The Rabbit Man Music Books, a series designed to teach children music theory. Other books include Zhin or Zhen, for most of his adult life Fago and his wife, the former DAnn Calhoun, whom he married in 1941, lived in a rural section of Rockland County, New York. They moved to Bethel, Vermont, in 1968, following Danns appointment as director of Vermonts Arts and Crafts Service and they had two children, son John and daughter, Celie. Fago also sired a son in 1971 through another love interest, Joshua Burbank of Las Vegas. Fago spent his years in Bethel with his wife before dying of cancer at age 87. Fagos brother Al Fago was also a funny-animal cartoonist, most notably the creator of the Charlton Comics title Atomic Mouse, Vincent Fago at the Lambiek Comiclopedia. Archived from the original on October 18,2011 Vassallo, Michael J. Vincent Fago, archived from the original on November 24,2009. Archived from the original on November 25,2009, Vincent F. Fago at the United States Social Security Death Index via FamilySearch. org. Vincent Fago and Vince Fago penciler credits at the Grand Comics Database, Vincent Fago and Vince Fago editing credits at the Grand Comics Database
25.
Dick Giordano
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Dick Giordano, an only child, was born in New York City on July 20,1932, in the borough of Manhattan to Josephine and Graziano Jack Giordano. He attended the School of Industrial Art, Giordanos artwork from Charltons Strange Suspense Stories was used as inspiration for artist Roy Lichtensteins 1965/1966 Brushstroke series, including Brushstroke, Big Painting No. 6, Little Big Painting and Yellow and Green Brushstrokes, by the mid-1960s a Charlton veteran, Giordano rose to executive editor, succeeding Pat Masulli, by 1965. Many of these included new talent Giordano brought on board, including Jim Aparo, Dennis ONeil. Giordano was given several title such as Teen Titans, Aquaman and Young Love and he launched the horror comics series The Witching Hour in March 1969. and the Western series All-Star Western vol.2 in September 1970. He continued to freelance for DC as a penciler and inker, as an artist, Giordano was best known as an inker. His inking was particularly associated with the pencils of Neal Adams, for their run in the early 1970s on the titles Batman, several comics artists began their careers at Continuity and many were mentored by Giordano during their time there. He had a run as penciler of the Wonder Woman series which included a two-issue story in issues #202–203 written by science-fiction author Samuel R. Delany. Giordano inked the large-format, first DC/Marvel intercompany crossover, Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man, Giordano inked Adams on the one-shot Superman vs. Muhammad Ali in 1978. In 1980, DC publisher Jenette Kahn brought Giordano back to DC, initially the editor of the Batman titles, Giordano was named the companys new managing editor in 1981, and promoted to vice president/executive editor in 1983, a position he held until 1993. DC Comics writer and executive Paul Levitz observed in 2010 that Giordano held the respect of talent as one of their own, Giordano provided art for several anniversary issues of key DC titles. He and television writer Alan Brennert crafted the story To Kill a Legend in Detective Comics #500 and this was followed by Frank Millers Batman, The Dark Knight Returns and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons Watchmen in 1986. From 1983 to 1987, Giordano wrote a column published in DC titles called Meanwhile. Which much like Marvels Bullpen Bulletins featured news and information about the company, unlike Bullpen Bulletins, which was characterized by an ironic, over-hyped tone, Giordanos columns. Were written in a sober, absolutely friendly voice, like a friend of your fathers you particularly liked. Column with the words, Thank you and good afternoon. Giordano inked six issues of The Sandman in 1991-1993, beginning in 1987, Giordano was in the middle of an industry-wide debate about the comics industry, ratings systems, and creators rights. Veteran writers Mike Friedrich, Steven Grant, and Roger Slifer all cited Giordano in particular for his stance on behalf of DC
26.
Vince Alascia
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Syd Shores and Al Avison had taken over art duties on Captain America Comics, and Alascia shortly afterward filled-in as Shores inker while Avison did his World War II military service. Alascia later went into rotation as one of the various Captain America Comics artists in any given issue. Examples of his work in that flagship title include the story Ali Baba and His Forty Nazis in issue #32, inking Ken Bald, and The Crime Dictator in issue #47, additionally, in issue #19, Alascia inked Shores on the chapter starring superheroine Miss America. In issue #21, he also pencilled both the Whizzer chapter and the chapter, and inked Avisons Sub-Mariner chapter. Other Timely work includes stories featuring the Young Allies in Kid Komics and The Young Allies, the Patriot in the omnibus title Marvel Mystery Comics, a Modell/Alascia Eerie story was reprinted in Skywald Publications, Nightmare #1. The art team would sign its work Nicholas & Alascia. As a penciler, Alascias work for Charlton includes the August 1956 premiere issue of Tales of the Mysterious Traveler. S, marines in Action, and Six-Gun Heroes. Strikes me as a cross between Sheldon Moldoff and Mort Meskin, and if you know anything about Golden Age artists, you know that those two are names to conjure with. Artist Gill Fox had a different view, recalling that Alascia had taken an art course that was an offshoot of the course at Textile High School, I was deeply impressed with Vinces talent, he did great stuff for the yearbook. Years later, I went to see him and he had totally changed, I tried to get him to make a move into a better kind of work, but I couldnt get him to do it. Vince had an art career. Vince used to have these Rip Kirby strips in front of him, but what he was inking had nothing to do with the strip he was looking at. I dont know what he got out of it except inspiration, the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators Vassallo, Michael J. Vincent Fago and the Timely Funny Animal Dept. Archived from the original on November 24,2009, a Timely Talk with Allen Bellman, Comicartville. com,2005. POV Online, Which writer or artist has had the longest streak working on one comic book, archived January 1,1996, at the Wayback Machine. The Star-Spangled Avenger, by Steve Stiles
27.
Jon D'Agostino
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John P. DAgostino Sr. generally credited as Jon DAgostino was an Italian-American comic-book artist best known for his Archie Comics work. As well, under the pseudonym Johnny Dee, he was the letterer for the story in the Marvel Comics landmark The Amazing Spider-Man #1. DAgostino is not the French comics artist Tony DAgostino, a. k. a, Tony Dagos, whose early work was signed DAgostino. He is also not the concurrent early-Marvel letter John Duffy a. k. a, Jon DAgostino was born in Cervinara, Italy, the son of Pasquale and Annunziata Pitanello DAgostino. His siblings were brothers Peter, Ted, Charles and William, dAgostinos earliest known work in the comics medium was as head colorist for Timely Comics, the 1940s forerunner of Marvel Comics. In that capacity, in 1949, he mentored new-hire Stan Goldberg, Goldberg in 2005 recalled, I found out there was an opening in the coloring department at Timely Comics, so I went up there. They needed another body to be in the room that handled the coloring, dAgostinos first confirmed comics credit is penciling and inking the seven-page romance comic story Glamor Killed My Love in Romantic Hearts #6, from publisher Story Comics. He occasionally inked penciler Matt Baker under the joint pseudonym Matt Bakerino, as Johnny Dee, he lettered the lead story in the Marvel Comics landmark The Amazing Spider-Man #1. In the mid-1960s and continuing through the 1970s, DAgostino began contributing to Archie Comics and Gold Key Comics in addition to Charlton, in the 1980s he was inking primarily for Archie and for Marvel, including on the latters G. I. Joe, A Real American Hero, Marvel Two-In-One, and, for Marvels Star Comics childrens imprint, Planet Terry, Heathcliff and he married his first wife, Jean DOnofrio DAgostino, in 1955. They remained married until her death in 1992, and had three sons, John Jr. Peter, and Pat, following the 1992 death of his first wife, he married Elvira Vivi Testa DAgostino in 1995. The two lived in The Bronx, New York City, DAgostino died November 28,2010, of bone cancer in Ansonia, Connecticut. John P. Dagostino at the United States Social Security Death Index via FamilySearch. org, Jon DAgostino and Johnny Dee at the Grand Comics Database The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators The Big Comic Book Database
28.
Sam Glanzman
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Sam Glanzman, whose brothers are D. C. Glanzman, a comic-book artist, and Louis Lew Glanzman, who began in comics before becoming an art painter. There, for Centaur Publications, he wrote two-page text stories with art for Amazing-Man Comics. Later for Harvey Comics, he created Fly-Man in the superhero anthology Spitfire Comics #1 and he also contributed to Harveys All-New Short Story Comics, Champ Comics, and the radio program tie-in series Green Hornet Comics through 1943. Following his World War II service in the U. S. Navy, stevens, he was discharged in 1946. Glanzman eschewed comics and began a career doing manual labor in cabinet shops, lumber mills. After marrying in the 1950s, he worked at Republic Aviation in Farmingdale, New York, during this time, he lived in Rockaway, Queens, New York City, and in the Long Island towns of Valley Stream and Massapequa Park. Seeking to return to art, Glanzman had done work for the Eastern Color series Heroic Comics and New Heroic Comics in 1950. He additionally did uncredited work for his brother, Louis Glanzman. Work was not steady, however, and Glanzman returned to Republic, in 1958, Glanzman began working with Pat Masulli, the executive editor of Charlton Comics, a low-paying publishing company. There he draw for the anthology Combat, drew the movie adaptation Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, and he occasionally still moonlighted for Charlton, using the initials SJG for his work on the 1962 Marco Polo movie adaptation and elsewhere. Beginning mid-1964, Glanzman moved regularly between Charlton and Dell assignments, almost exclusively on war stories, but also on a Charlton Tarzan series, contrary to some sources, Glanzman denies co-creating the Charlton hardboiled detective character Sarge Steel. He stated in a 2009 interview that The only thing I created was the U. S. S, stevens, Attu and A Sailors Story. The feature, reprinted as late as 1999, was serialized in Charltons Fightin Army #76–80, during the 1960s as well, Glanzman freelanced for Outdoor Life magazine. I. Combat, where for years he illustrated the feature Haunted Tank, at DC, Glanzman began his series of biographical war stories about his service aboard the U. S. S. Stevens in Our Army at War #218, Glanzman would also occasionally draw stories for DCs supernatural-mystery anthologies. He was one of the contributors to the issues of Ghosts. By late 1979, with most of DCs war titles either canceled or converted to series with established teams
29.
Rocke Mastroserio
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Rocco A. Rocke Mastroserio was an American comic book artist best known as a penciler and inker for Charlton Comics. He sometimes signed his work Rocke M. RM, Rocke, rocco Mastroserio was born in Staten Island, New York City, New York. He became interested in art as a child, and won medals in art contests sponsored by the department store Wanamakers. Living with his family in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, he attended school in that New York City borough. There he became friends with classmate Joe Orlando, a comics artist. Mastroserio broke into the field at 17, as an inker for penciler Lennie Cole of Continental Comics and he also became a staff art assistant at All-American Comics, a precursor of DC Comics, doing pasteups, some lettering and art corrections. Within three months, he joined the U. S. Marine Corps, and after training at Parris Island, was assigned to the Marine Corps Institute. Because comic-book writers and artists during this time were not regularly given published credits, mastroserios first confirmed comics work is in Avon Comics Famous Gangsters #2, inking penciler Mike Becker on the seven-page crime fiction story Waxie Gordon. His first known work at Charlton, where he would spend the bulk of his career into the 1960s, was the four-page humor story The Ride of Paul Revere. Penciled and inked by Mastroserio and Dick Ayers as, respectively, Rock and Rye, other Charlton superhero work includes one-page fillers in some issues of Blue Beetle. Mastroserio also pencilled and inked stories of the masked Old West hero Gunmaster, in the late 1960s Mastroserio drew stories for Warren Publishings black-and-white horror magazines Creepy and Eerie, often working with writer Archie Goodwin. Both penciling and inking, he made his Warren debut with the six-page Monsterwork in Eerie #3, mastroserios final Warren work was inking Boyette on The Graves of Oconoco in Eerie #15. Mastroserio died of an attack in early March, shortly after completing that story. His final published work was the full cover art and nine inked story pages, over penciler Mo Marcus. Mastroserios first known work, from Famous Gangsters #2, was reprinted in Skywald Publications black-and-white comics magazine The Crime Machine. His Mercury Man story appears in reprint specialist AC Comics Men of Mystery #32, Mastroserio stories appear in the DC Comics hardcover collection Action Hero Archives Volume 1, the companys first archive of Charlton material. The book collects penciler Steve Ditkos 1960-66 Captain Atom stories, whos Who of American Comic Books 1929-1999. Captain Atom at Don Marksteins Toonopedia, the Charlton Empire, A Brief History of the Derby, Connecticut Publisher, Comic Book Artist #9, August 2000
30.
Charles Nicholas
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Charles Nicholas is the pseudonymous house name of three early creators of American comic books for the Fox Feature Syndicate and Fox Comics. The name originated at Eisner & Iger, one of the first comic-book packagers that created comics on demand for publishers entering the new medium during the 1930s–1940s Golden Age of comic books. Co-principal Will Eisner, himself a comics creator, recalled, We had a bunch of phony names like Chucks. We just handed out with the salary. There was a period in comics beginning with the middle- to late-30s when none of the artists owned their own drawings and they were hired by the publishers. Used what the magazines used – a thing called a house name. So the publishers not only owned the comic strip, they owned the name, thats how the name Charles Nicholas started. The three creators are listed in order of year, below. Cuidera grew up in Newark, New Jersey, and after earning art scholarships graduated from Pratt Institute in 1939, breaking into comic books at Fox Feature Syndicate, where he drew Blue Beetle stories, he shortly afterward migrated to the Eisner & Iger shop. There he drew the first 11 stories of Blackhawk, the creation of which is also recorded from the early days of comics. Powell wrote the first one and I wrote the rest until I went into the service, as the debut artist who designed the characters, Cuidera is confirmably at least the co-creator. During Cuideras absence, Reed Crandall had become established on Blackhawk, Cuidera segued to work primarily on the Quality character Captain Triumph and later became the companys art director. When Quality sold DC Comics the rights of Blackhawk in 1956, the penciler by then, Dick Dillin, Cuidera became the regular inker on a number of DC features and series, including Hawkman and The Brave and the Bold, before leaving comics in 1970. Cuidera, a scuba diver, invented and sold a quick-release divers weight belt. He retired, and was a guest of honor at the 1999 Comic-Con International, the Blue Beetle first appeared in Fox Comics superhero anthology series Mystery Men Comics #1, with art by Wojtkoski, though the Grand Comics Database tentatively credits Will Eisner as the scripter. Wojtkoski later worked on the Fawcett Comics jungle character Nyoka, and spent the remainder of his career in-house at Charlton Comics in Derby, there he enjoyed a remarkable 23-year run as penciler on a single creative team, with inker Vince Alascia and writer Joe Gill. The art team would sign its work Nicholas & Alascia. Blackhawk at the Grand Comics Database The Blue Beetle at Don Marksteins Toonopedia, christensen, William A. and Mark Seifert
31.
Joe Gill
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Gill was an American magazine writer and highly prolific comic book scripter. Most of his work was for Charlton Comics, where he co-created the superheroes Captain Atom, Peacemaker, Comics historians consider Gill a top contender as the comic-book fields most prolific writer. Per historian and columnist Mark Evanier, Gill wrote a number of comics. There are a half-dozen guys in his category, if someone came back and said he was the most prolific ever, no one would be surprised. His earliest confirmed credit is the text story Following Orders in Novelty Press Target Comics vol. As Gill recalled his start in the business, via his brother, Ray Gill, My brother was an editor at Funnies and they put Goodman – who Marvel later – into comics, and did the first in my brothers office. Gill is reportedly among the writers who scripted Captain America for Timely following the departure of character creators Joe Simon, around this time, Gill met future hardboiled detective novelist Mickey Spillane, a lifelong friend, who also began writing for Funnies, Inc. Following military service in World War II as a U. S, when superheroes fell out of favor in the post-war years, Gill began scripting teen-humor, Western and other genre comics for Timely. Following an industry downturn around 1948, he found his way to the low-budget comic-book publisher Charlton Comics, based in Derby. There, beginning in the early 1950s, Gill became the primary staff writer for the next thirty years. Superheroes were a part of Charlton, Gill created one of its first. He also did colorist work for the company, in other areas, he collaborated with Ditko on the giant-ape series Konga and on the movie-spinoff series Gorgo. When Giordano was hired at industry leader DC Comics in 1969, he commissioned scripts from Gill for such titles as The Secret Six and the toy-license property Hot Wheels. Gill continued to regularly at Charlton throughout this period, notably on the ongoing Vietnam War feature Shotgun Harker. In 1975, Gill and artist John Byrne co-created the post-apocalyptic series Doomsday +1, in 1983, Gill wrote two stories featuring Secret Agent X-9 for King Features Syndicate. These stories were illustrated by Jack Sparling and only saw print in European comic books, when Charlton Comics ceased publication in 1986, Gill retired from comic-book scripting save for an occasional freelance story for DC. His final recorded credit is as one of the colorists on the superhero comic Ebony Warrior #2. He appeared as a guest, with fellow Charlton alumni Willie Franz and Sam Glanzman, at a New York City comics convention panel, broadcast November 21,2000, on the WBAI radio show Nuff Said
32.
Steve Ditko
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Stephen J. Steve Ditko is an American comic book artist and writer best known as the artist and co-creator, with Stan Lee, of the Marvel Comics superheroes Spider-Man and Doctor Strange. Ditko studied under Batman artist Jerry Robinson at the Cartoonist and Illustrators School in New York City and he began his professional career in 1953, working in the studio of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, beginning as an inker and coming under the influence of artist Mort Meskin. During this time, he began his long association with Charlton Comics, where he did work in the genres of science fiction, horror. He also co-created the superhero Captain Atom in 1960, during the 1950s, Ditko also drew for Atlas Comics, a forerunner of Marvel Comics. He went on to contribute much significant work to Marvel, in 1966, after being the exclusive artist on The Amazing Spider-Man and the Doctor Strange feature in Strange Tales, Ditko left Marvel for reasons never specified. Ditko also began contributing to small independent publishers, where he created Mr. A, since the 1960s, Ditko has declined most interviews, stating that it is his work he offers readers, not his personality. Ditko was inducted into the comics industrys Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1990, the second-eldest child in a working-class family, he was preceded by sister Anna Marie, and followed, according to the 1940 census, by sister Elizabeth and brother Patrick. Good with his hands, Ditko in junior school was part of a group of students who crafted wooden models of German airplanes to aid civilian World War II aircraft-spotters. Upon graduating from Johnstown High School in 1945, he enlisted in the U. S. Army on October 26,1945, and did service in postwar Germany. Following his discharge, Ditko learned that his idol, Batman artist Jerry Robinson, was teaching at the Cartoonists, moving there in 1950, he enrolled in the art school under the G. I. He was in my class for two years, four or five days a week, five hours a night, Ditkos first published work was his second professional story, the six-page Paper Romance in Daring Love #1, published by the Key imprint Gillmor Magazines. Beginning as an inker on backgrounds, Ditko was soon working with and learning from Mort Meskin, Meskin was fabulous, Ditko once recalled. I couldnt believe the ease with which he drew, strong compositions, loose pencils, yet complete, Ditkos known assistant work includes aiding inker Meskin on the Jack Kirby pencil work of Harvey Comics Captain 3-D #1. For his own published story, Ditko penciled and inked the six-page A Hole in His Head in Black Magic vol. 4, #3, published by Simon & Kirbys Crestwood Publications imprint Prize Comics, Ditko then began a long association with the Derby, Connecticut publisher Charlton Comics, a low-budget division of a company best known for song-lyric magazines. He first went on hiatus from the company, and comics altogether, in mid-1954, hed take those skeleton outlines I had given him and turn them into classic little works of art that ended up being far cooler than I had any right to expect. Kirby told Lee about his own 1950s character conception, variously called the Silver Spider and Spiderman, Comics historian Greg Theakston says Lee and Kirby immediately sat down for a story conference and Lee afterward directed Kirby to flesh out the character and draw some pages. A day or two later, Kirby showed Lee the first six pages, and, as Lee recalled, not that he did it badly — it just wasnt the character I wanted, it was too heroic
33.
The Thing!
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The Thing. is an American horror comic book published by Charlton Comics that ran 17 issues from 1952 to 1954. Its tagline was Weird tales of suspense and horror, after the 17th issue, it was cancelled and the series numbering continued as Blue Beetle vol. Artist Steve Ditko provided the covers for #12-15 and 17 and he also illustrated stories in issues #12-15. The cover of #12 marks this industry notables first comic-book cover art, in 2006, Pure Imagination released the trade paperback Steve Ditkos The Thing. that reprinted all of Ditkos stories from this title, and used the cover of #15 for its cover. The back cover shows the covers from The Thing #12,13 and 14 and it also included Ditko stories from Charltons Mysteries of Unexplored Worlds #5 and #11, Do You Believe In Nightmares #1, Strange Suspense Stories #36, and Unusual Tales #25. In 2014, UK publisher PS Artbooks reprinted the series in a deluxe two volume hardcover collection
34.
St. John Publications
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St. John Publications was an American publisher of magazines and comic books. During its short existence, St. Johns comic books established several industry firsts, founded by Archer St. John, the firm was located in Manhattan at 545 Fifth Avenue. After the St. John comic books came to an end in 1958, Flying Eagle Publications was a magazine affiliate of St. John Publications. Comic book imprints included Approved Comics, Blue Ribbon, and Jubilee Publications, the younger brother of World War II correspondent and author Robert William St. John, Archer St. John was born c.1904 in Chicago, Illinois. Their mother Amy, a nurse, and father John, a pharmacist, following the fathers death in 1917 and the mothers eventual remarriage, Archer attended the St. Albans Episcopal Academy boarding school in Sycamore, Illinois. Both brothers became journalists, with Archer founding the Berwyn Tribune in the mid-1920s and he left that newspaper by 1930. By then, he had become advertising manager of the New York City-based model-train maker Lionel Trains Corporation, among his duties, he edited the companys hobbyist magazine, Model Builder, debuting January 1937. It included true stories in its editorial mix, eventually adding such illustrated featurettes as Famous Railroad Sagas. By the early 1940s, St. John was editor of the 17-issue magazine Flying Cadet, like Model Builder, it too mixed editorial prose with comics-style instructional featurettes. That changed with its issue, a standard comic book that included fictional adventure. The company—also called Flying Cadet—additionally published American Air Forces #1, as well as issues of Dynamic Comics. John left the model-train maker in early 1945, after acquiring a reported $400,000 in start-up financing, he began publishing two comic books, Comics Revue and Pageant of Comics, both reprinting comic strips. They appeared under his own name as publisher in 1947, shortly afterward, his comic book company took on the name St. John Publications. The group of published by St. John included crime fiction, a Western digest, the scandal-exposé title Secret Life. Manhunt began January 1953 as the monthly digest, Manhunt Detective Story Monthly, the title was shortened to Manhunt early in 1956. It expanded to a larger standard-size format from March 1957 to May 1958 but then returned to digest-size, the popularity of Manhunt kept it running for 114 issues until April–May 1967. Verdict ran as a monthly from June 1953 to September 1953 and was briefly titled Verdict Crime Detection Magazine before a shortening back to Verdict. The companys comics include the first 3-D comic book, Three Dimension Comics #1, according to Joe Kubert, co-creator with the brothers Norman Maurer and Leonard Maurer, it sold an exceptional 1.2 million copies at 25 cents apiece at a time when comics cost a dime
35.
Fawcett Publications
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Fawcett Publications was an American publishing company founded in 1919 in Robbinsdale, Minnesota by Wilford Hamilton Captain Billy Fawcett. At the age of 16, Fawcett ran away home to join the Army. Back in Minnesota, he became a reporter for the Minneapolis Journal. The title Captain Billys Whiz Bang combined Fawcetts military moniker with the nickname of a destructive World War I artillery shell, according to one account, the earliest issues were mimeographed pamphlets, typed on a borrowed typewriter and peddled around Minneapolis by Captain Billy and his four sons. Distributing free copies of Captain Billys Whiz Bang to wounded veterans and his Minnesota friends, he then circulated the remaining copies to newsstands in hotels. With gags like, AWOL means After Women Or Liquor, the joke book caught on, the book Humor Magazines and Comic Periodicals notes, Few periodicals reflect the post-WW I cultural change in American life as well as Captain Billy’s Whiz Bang. To some people represented the decline of morality and the flaunting of sexual immodesty, Captain Billys Whiz Bang is immortalized in the lyrics to the song Trouble from Meredith Willsons The Music Man, Is there a nicotine stain on his index finger. A dime novel hidden in the corncrib, is he starting to memorize jokes from Captain Billys Whiz Bang. The publication, delivered in a 64-page, saddle-stitched, digest-sized format, by 1923, the magazine had a circulation of 425,000 with $500,000 annual profits. With the rising readership of Captain Billys Whiz Bang, Fawcett racked up more sales with Whiz Bang annuals, the popularity of Whiz Bang peaked during the 1920s. It continued into the 1930s, but circulation slowed as readers graduated to the sophisticated humor of Esquire. It had an influence on many other digest-sized cartoon humor publications, including Charley Jones Laugh Book, Captain Billys success as a publisher prompted him to create the Breezy Point Resort on Pelican Lake in Breezy Point, Minnesota. Since celebrity visitors came to the resort, Captain Billy had the road from Breezy Point into Pequot Lakes blacktopped at his own expense. His building program at the Resort included the construction of a lodge, planned to accommodate 700 people, using native Norway pines. Celebrities who stayed at Breezy Point included Carole Lombard, Tom Mix, the Fawcett House, Captain Billys personal log mansion, is made available for public rental today. Decorated with elk and deer skins, Fawcett House has ten bedrooms, the living room has a cathedral ceiling, a loft, a bar and a large field rock fireplace. Harry Truman was another Breezy Point guest, edward McKim, a friend of Trumans since World War I, told of visits to the Resort in 1932 and Trumans success at the Breezy Point slot machine, Captain Billy was quite a shot with a shotgun. He was on the American Olympic team at one time and he had some traps out there, so we did a little shooting with him
36.
Fawcett Comics
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Fawcett Comics, a division of Fawcett Publications, was one of several successful comic book publishers during the Golden Age of Comic Books in the 1940s. Its most popular character was Captain Marvel, the ego of radio reporter Billy Batson. Aside from the better known books, Fawcett also published a short-lived line of horror comics during the early 1950s. Terror Tales, Worlds of Fear, Strange Suspense Stories, other genres included teenage humor, funny animal, romance, war and Western. Fawcett also produced based on contemporary movie stars and matinee serials. The entire line was dropped in 1953, when Fawcett closed down their comics publishing wing, Fawcett Publications began in 1919 with the magazine Captain Billys Whiz Bang and eventually expanded into a line of periodicals with a combined circulation of ten million a month. The company joined in the explosion of comic book publications in the United States in the late 1930s and its initial entry, developed by writer Bill Parker and artist C. C. Beck, was Thrill Comics, an issue of which was published only as an ashcan copy. The content was then reworked and published as Whiz Comics #2, the whimsical adventures of Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family eventually outsold those of Superman. National Comics sued Fawcett, claiming that the Captain infringed on the copyright of their original costumed superhero, National Periodicals 1941 copyright hearing against Fawcett was dismissed on a technicality, National had failed to secure the copyright to the Superman newspaper strip. Facing a declining market, in 1953 Fawcett Comics ceased publication of its superhero titles. Several of Fawcetts completed stories and artwork, as well as a few characters, were sold to Charlton Comics, Fawcett returned to publishing comics in the 1960s but mainly to publish Dennis the Menace and other such titles. In the late 1960s Marvel Comics gained the trademark Captain Marvel with their first series, in 1972 DC licensed — and in 1994, purchased — Captain Marvel and his related characters. Because of Marvels trademark, DC has instead used the trademark Shazam. as the title of their Captain Marvel-related comic books and thus the name under which they market and promote the character. In 1973, Shazam and the Marvel family became an additional Earth, Captain Marvel Adventures Captain Marvel Jr. Fawcett Publications Fawcett Comics at the Grand Comics Database
37.
This Magazine Is Haunted
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This Magazine is Haunted was a horror comic originally published by Fawcett between 1951 and 1953. Running 14 issues, it was the first of Fawcetts supernatural line, Terror Tales, Worlds of Fear, Strange Suspense Stories, and Unknown Worlds. After Fawcett ceased publication, This Magazine is Haunted was sold to, the book represented a break from Fawcetts more familiar product, which ranged from superheroes to movie adaptations and teen humor. Created by Sheldon Moldoff and edited by Will Leiberson and Al Jetter, like its better-known competitors, This Magazine is Haunted was notable for its black humor and frequent O. Henry climaxes. Human folly played a key role in stories, characters were constantly led into disaster by their own greed. Numerous plots revolved around violent criminals meeting grisly but entirely deserving fates, Comics historian Stephen Sennitt describes the Fawcett line as genuinely eerie in contrast to ECs more visceral approach. Aside from the evident cinematic influences, Haunted and its companions followed at least two literary traditions derived from the literature of the previous decades. The first was the Crime-Horror imagery of magazines like Black Mask or Flynns Detective Fiction, which emphasized murder, violence, and horrific crimes. Many authorities believe that the tradition was passed down to the 50s horror genre via the Crime comics of the later forties, once more following ECs example, Haunted featured mainly non-continuing stories narrated by a suitably malevolent host, the cadaverous Doctor Death. Unlike ECs so-called ghoulunatics however, Dr. Death frequently orchestrated events in the narrative, acting as the hand of fate and even driving the characters towards their ultimate destruction. To this end, he was capable of taking on human form to interact with his intended victims, Dr. Death resembled Mr. Crime, the cartoon mascot from Lev Gleason Publications Crime Does Not Pay. Both wore vintage clothing and had, to varying degrees, an inhuman appearance, first appearing on the cover of Haunted #1, Doctor Death was the series host until its cancellation in 1953. He returned for a number of issues when the magazine was acquired by Charlton Comics in 1954, as rendered by Charlton stalwart Steve Ditko, Doctor Death took on a progressively less skeletal appearance. Like most other comics of the fifties, Haunteds content drew upon a wide variety of popular cultural sources, particularly mainstream cinema, pulp fiction. Stories were often above average in quality, scripts were literate and occasionally poetic, perhaps the one thing lacking was innovation. Haunted dealt in the standard fare of the period - bizarre crimes, weird creatures, walking cadavers. Virtually all of Haunteds recurrent themes were common to the genre, there was one area, however, in which Fawcett showed some degree of originality. Haunted was notable for employing the The Beyond, as an element to many of its storylines
38.
Strange Suspense Stories
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Strange Suspense Stories was a comic book published in two volumes by Fawcett Comics and Charlton Comics in the 1950s and 1960s. Starting out as a title, the first volume gradually moved toward eerie fantasy and weird science fiction. The titles second volume was more in the horror/suspense vein, altogether,72 issues of Strange Suspense Stories were published. Fawcett Comics debuted Strange Suspense Stories in June 1952, featuring artwork by George Evans, the title ran for five issues under Fawcett. In 1954-55, Charlton acquired a stable of comic book properties from Fawcett Publications, Charlton continued publishing two of Fawcetts horror books—This Magazine Is Haunted and Strange Suspense Stories, initially using unpublished material from Fawcetts inventory. Both of those titles were decidedly pre-Comics Code books, featuring murders, gruesome covers. Artistic chores were then handed to Steve Ditko, whose moody, Charltons Strange Suspense Stories ran seven issues to #23 before being temporarily retitled This is Suspense. After four issues under that name, the title reverted to Strange Suspense Stories, artwork from Strange Suspense Stories was used as inspiration for artist Roy Lichtensteins 1965/1966 Brushstroke series, including Brushstroke and Big Painting No.6. The panels in question came from the story The Painting, with art by Dick Giordano, as the industry moved into the Silver Age, Charlton shifted Strange Suspense Stories to a more heroic vein, reprinting short Captain Atom adventures beginning with issue #75. With issue #78, Charlton renamed the title Captain Atom, the Captain Atom title lasted until issue #89 before being cancelled. In 1967, Charlton revived the title for another run, this time with a more straight-ahead horror focus, Stories were written by Steve Skeates and Denny ONeil, and the book was edited by Sal Gentile. Strange Suspense Stories vol.2 lasted nine issues until Sept.1969
39.
Sweethearts (comics)
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Sweethearts was a romance comic book series published by Fawcett Publications from October 1948 to 1953, and continued by Charlton Comics from 1954 to 1973. It was the first monthly romance comic book, and a commercial success. Fawcett followed the title with other monthly romance titles including Life Story, Cowboy Love, because of postal regulations, the title debuted as Sweethearts #68, a numerical continuation of Fawcetts Captain Midnight which ended with issue #67. The title was not heavily marketed in its infancy and did not appear in the Fawcett comics title list on the first pages of its Captain Marvel, the book exhibited front cover photos of happy couples, or lovely girls, but never men alone. The back cover featured a photo of a male movie star labelled in the first issue My Romance of the Month. The first photo was Robert Mitchum and the second Glenn Ford, many stories were drawn by Mary Marvel artist Marc Swayze, and were monotonously repetitive, erring female learns about life from the man she finally steadies or weds. Charlton Comics acquired the rights to much of Fawcetts title, story, and character inventory in 1954 when Fawcett left comic book publication, and Charlton published Sweethearts until 1973
40.
George "Gabby" Hayes
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George Francis Gabby Hayes was an American radio, film, and television actor. He was best known for his numerous appearances in Western films as the sidekick of the leading man. Hayes was born the third of seven children in his fathers hotel in Stannards, New York and he was the son of Elizabeth Morrison and Clark Hayes. His mothers brother was George F. Morrison, vice president of General Electric, Hayes did not come from a cowboy background, he did not know how to ride a horse until he was in his forties and had to learn for film roles. His father, Clark Hayes, operated the Hayes Hotel in Stannards and was involved in oil production. George Hayes grew up in Stannards and attended Stannards School and he played semiprofessional baseball while in high school. He ran away from home in 1902, at 17, joined a company, apparently traveled for a time with a circus. Hayes married Olive E. Ireland, the daughter of a New Jersey glass finisher and she joined him in vaudeville, performing under the name Dorothy Earle. Hayes had become so successful that by 1928, at age 43, he was able to retire to a home on Long Island in Baldwin and he lost all his savings the next year in the 1929 stock-market crash. Earle persuaded Hayes to try his luck in films, and the moved to Los Angeles. They remained together until her death on July 5,1957, after his move to Los Angeles, according to later interviews, Hayes had a chance meeting with the producer Trem Carr, who liked his look and gave him 30 roles over the next six years. In his early career, Hayes was cast in a variety of roles, including villains and he found a niche in the growing genre of Western films, many of which were series with recurring characters. Ironically, Hayes would admit he had never been a big fan of Westerns, from 1935 to 1939, Hayes played the part of Windy Halliday, the sidekick to Hopalong Cassidy. In 1939, Hayes left Paramount Pictures in a dispute over his salary, Paramount held the rights to the name Windy Halliday, so the nickname Gabby was created for Hayess character. Hayes was also repeatedly cast as a sidekick of the Western stars Randolph Scott, Hayes played Waynes sidekick in Raoul Walshs Dark Command, which featured Roy Rogers in a supporting role. Hayes became a performer and consistently appeared among the 10 favorite actors in polls taken of moviegoers of the period. The Western film genre declined in the late 1940s, and Hayes made his last film appearance in The Cariboo Trail. He moved to television and hosted The Gabby Hayes Show, a Western series, from 1950 to 1954 on NBC and, in a new version in 1956, on ABC
41.
Lash LaRue
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Alfred Lash LaRue was a popular western motion picture star of the 1940s and 1950s. He had exceptional skill with the bullwhip and taught Harrison Ford how to use a bullwhip for the Indiana Jones movies, LaRue was one of the first recipients of the Golden Boot Awards in 1983. However, California death records show his fathers last name as Wilson and he also attended the College of the Pacific. He was given the name Lash because of the 18-foot -long bullwhip he used to bring down the bad guys. He developed his image as the cowboy hero Lash LaRue, dressed all in black, LaRue played the Cheyenne Kid sidekick in about 8 films, before he starred in his own film series, playing a character actually named Marshall Lash LaRue. Those 11 films are the ones that western movie fans refer to as the Lash LaRue film series. He was different from the cowboy hero of the era, dressed in black, he spoke with a city tough-guy accent somewhat like that of Humphrey Bogart. His use of a bullwhip, however, was set him apart from bigger cowboy stars such as Gene Autry. He also made frequent personal appearances at movie theaters that were showing his films during his heyday of 1948-51. He continued working in films and television until he retired in 1990 and this is a chronological list of the eleven films in which he actually played the character named Marshall Lash LaRue. they are all available on a single box set of DVDs. They were among the most popular Western-themed comics of the era, for a time he was married to Reno Browne, a B-western actress, who together with Dale Evans was one of only two Western actresses ever to have their own comic book fashioned after her character. He later married Barbara Fuller, who was an actress of radio, motion pictures and television. Their marriage lasted slightly over a year, they wed February 23,1951, in Yuma, Arizona, Lash LaRue comic books sold over one million copies each around the world, and many of them featured Lash and Barbaras godson, J. P. Sloane. In the later 1950s, LaRue was featured in archival footage numerous times on the childrens program The Gabby Hayes Show and he appeared several times too on the syndicated television series 26 Men, true stories of the Arizona Rangers. He appeared seven times in different roles in the 1956 TV Western Judge Roy Bean, starring Edgar Buchanan in the role, with Jack Buetel. One of his roles on Judge Roy Bean was as the outlaw John Wesley Hardin and he portrayed another real-life criminal, Doc Barker, in the TV series Gangbusters, which was later recut into the film Guns Dont Argue. LaRue and Steve Brodie shared the role from 1959 to 1961 of Sheriff Johnny Behan in Cochise County, Arizona, on ABCs The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, LaRue appeared five times, Brodie, nine times. Problems with the Internal Revenue Service made it difficult for him to work and he did not actually appear in any of the pornographic scenes
