A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority, and that the recipient admits a limited status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term.
An example of a charter (Magna Carta).
Swedish-language charter for the city of Vyborg from 1403
A charter school is a school that receives government funding but operates independently of the established state school system in which it is located. It is independent in the sense that it operates according to the basic principle of autonomy for accountability, that it is freed from the rules but accountable for results.
In 2003, Granada Hills Charter High School in Los Angeles became the largest charter school in the United States.
SER-Niños Charter School, a charter school in the Gulfton area of Houston, Texas