Chase Aircraft

Chase Aircraft Company
Industry	Aircraft manufacturing
Fate	Acquired by Kaiser-Frazer
Successor	Stroukoff Aircraft
Founded	1943
Founder	Michael Stroukoff
Defunct	1954
Headquarters	Trenton, New Jersey, United States
Products	YC-122, C-123

The Chase Aircraft Company, founded in 1943, was an aircraft manufacturer of the United States of America, primarily constructing gliders and military transport aircraft. Lacking space for expansion, the company was purchased by Henry J. Kaiser in 1951. Plans to produce the C-123 transport for the United States Air Force collapsed amid scandal, and the company closed in 1953. A successor company, Stroukoff Aircraft, continued experimental work for several years before closing in 1959.

Early products[edit]

Founded in New York, New York in 1943 with Michael Stroukoff, a Russian émigré, as president and chief designer,^[1] Chase's first aircraft design was the XCG-14 assault glider, produced for the U.S. Army Air Forces and first flying in January 1945.^[2] Development of improved, enlarged versions of the aircraft continued over the next two years, with the company moving to Trenton, New Jersey in 1946,^[3] before the XCG-14 was superseded by the XG-18, an even larger and heavier aircraft^[4] that was the world's first all-metal transport glider.^[5]

Chase YC-122

By 1949, the United States Air Force had determined that the glider was no longer a viable weapon on the battlefield, and the XG-18 was modified, being fitted with a pair of radial engines.^[5] Redesignated as the YC-122 Avitruc, three prototype and one pre-production aircraft were produced, and despite favorable evaluations, the Air Force had reconsidered its requirement for small transports, and decided not to proceed with full production of the design.^[5] One YC-122, however, would later be modified into the Hiller X-18, an experimental tiltwing VTOL aircraft.^[6]

XG-20 and the first jet transport[edit]

Meanwhile, a third, still larger, assault glider had been designed by Stroukoff, the XG-20, the largest glider ever built in the United States and also the last combat glider to be constructed for the U.S. military.^[7] By the time the XG-20 was ready for flight testing, gliders had been determined to be obsolete as weapons of war, and so the two aircraft were taken aside for modification; the first prototype XG-20 was fitted with twin radial engines of a larger, more powerful type than those fitted to the YC-122, and was redesignated the XC-123.^[8]

The second prototype XG-20, following public display in early 1950 at Pope AFB during Exercise Swarmer,^[9] was taken aside for a more radical transformation, being fitted with two twin bomber engine pods containing J47 turbojets, and flying in early 1951 as the XC-123A, the United States' first jet-powered transport aircraft.^[10]

Kaiser and the pricing scandal[edit]

Henry J. Kaiser

While the XC-123A proved too uneconomical for production,^[4] the XC-123 had greatly impressed the Air Force, which issued an order for five pre-production aircraft, designated C-123B;^[1] the prospect of large follow-up orders, however, raised an issue of capacity, as Chase's factory lacked sufficient space to construct large numbers of aircraft.^[10] Therefore, in 1951, 49 percent of Chase was purchased by Kaiser-Frazer,^[10] who received a contract for 300 C-123B aircraft to be constructed at Kaiser's Willow Run factory in Ann Arbor, Michigan.^[10] Chase became an engineering shop for the company, with Stroukoff remaining with the facility as its chief engineer.^[10]

However, even as the first eight aircraft were under construction by Kaiser, the United States Senate was conducting a series of hearings regarding the company, concerns having been raised over subcontracting work Kaiser-Frazer was performing for Fairchild Aircraft.^[11] Kaiser had been awarded an earlier contract as a second source for construction of Fairchild's C-119, and the aircraft produced by Kaiser were proving to be significantly more expensive than those produced by Fairchild.^[11]^{[N 1]}

The result of the hearings was the cancellation of Kaiser's contracts for both the C-119 and the C-123 in June 1953,^[11] despite the Air Force having already spent $30 million USD on preparation for production of the C-123, with another $40 million having been earmarked for use by Chase Aircraft directly for production of parts;^[12] the C-123 contract was put out for re-bid, with Fairchild proving to be the winning contractor;^[13] under Fairchild's name, the C-123 went on to see a large production run and extensive service in the Vietnam War.^[14]

Dissolution[edit]

Kaiser-Frazer, meanwhile, had bought out the remaining 51% of Chase Aircraft's shares, intending to operate the company as a wholly owned subsidiary of Willys Motors;^[10] the sale closed on September 2, 1953, after the cancellation of the Air Force's contracts.^[15]

Without the C-123 contract, the new acquisition was no longer considered an asset by Kaiser-Frazer; and it announced that the company would be closed down on January 31, 1954.^[16] Stroukoff, however, acquired the buildings and remaining assets of Chase, starting his own aircraft company, Stroukoff Aircraft, to conduct further work on experimental versions of the C-123.^[10]

References[edit]

Notes

^ The C-119s constructed by Kaiser-Frazer cost $1.2 million USD to build, while those built on Fairchild's production line only cost $260,000.^[11]

Citations

^ ^a ^b Gunston 1987, p.146.
^ Jane 1951, p.214
^ Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, 1948. Aeronautical Engineering Review, Volume 7, p.9
^ ^a ^b Mitchell 1992, p.164.
^ ^a ^b ^c World Aircraft Information Files, File 891 Sheet 26. London: Bright Star Publishing.
^ Kuhn 1960, p.259.
^ Sergievsky et al. 1998, p.128
^ Andrade 1979, p. 87.
^ Shrader 1953, p.136.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Pattillo 2000, pp.165-166.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Life July 6, 1953, p.22
^ AVIATION: The Ax for Willow Run. Time Magazine, Jul. 06, 1953
^ Gunston 1977, p. 164.
^ Adcock 1992, pp.8-21
^ Ward's automotive yearbook, Volume 16 (1954), p.121.
^ "Kaiser To Close Chase Plant In New Jersey". American Aviation, Volume 17 (1953), p.15.

Bibliography

Adcock, Al (1992). C-123 Provider In Action. Aircraft. 124. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 978-0-89747-276-0.
Andrade, John (1979). U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Leicester, UK: Midland Counties Publications. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
The Editors (July 6, 1953). "Kaiser Cancellation: Henry J's 'boxcars' cost too much for Air Force". Life. TIME Inc. 35 (1). Retrieved 2010-11-29.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Gunston, Bill (1980). The Encyclopedia of World Air Power. New York: Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-53754-0.
Gunston, Bill (1987). The Encyclopedia of World Air Power (Revised Edition). New York: Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-517-49969-6.
Jane, Fred T. (1951). Jane's All The World's Aircraft. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. ASIN B000ID9HD0.
Jane, Fred T. (1958). Jane's All The World's Aircraft. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. ASIN B000W8DRPK.
Kuhn, Gary S. (1960). "New Lives of the Chase YC-122". AAHS Journal. Santa Ana, CA: American Aviation Historical Society. 5. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
Mitchell, Kent A. (1992). "The C-123 Provider". AAHS Journal. Santa Ana, CA: American Aviation Historical Society. 37.
Pattillo, Donald M. (2000). Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08671-9. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
Sergievsky, Boris; Allan Forsyth; Adam Hochschild (1998). Airplanes, Women, and Song: Memoirs of a Fighter Ace, Test Pilot, and Adventurer. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-0545-4.
Shrader, Welman Austin (1953). Fifty years of flight: a Chronicle of the Aviation Industry in America, 1903-1953. Cleveland, OH: Eaton Manufacturing Company. ASIN B0006ATK3C. Retrieved 2010-11-27.