Chełmno extermination camp
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Chełmno, or Kulmhof, was the first of Nazi Germany's extermination camps and was situated 50 km north of Łódź, near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem. Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany
Chelmno 2
Gauleiter Arthur Greiser in Poznań (Posen), 1939
A model of Magirus-Deutz gas van used for murder at Chełmno; the exhaust fumes were diverted into the sealed rear compartment where the victims were locked in. This particular van had not been modified yet.
Deportation to Chełmno
The Holocaust
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The Holocaust, known in Hebrew as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered around six million Jew
Chełmno extermination camp
…for no other purpose than mass murder, operated from December 8, 1941, to April 11, 1943, parallel to Operation Reinhard during the deadliest phase of the Holocaust, and again from June 23, 1944, to January 18, 1945, during the Soviet counter-offensive. In 1943, modifications were made to the camp's killing methods…
Jews arriving at Auschwitz II in German-occupied Poland, May 1944. Most were selected for execution in gas chambers.
View of the Pegnitz River (c. 1900) with the Grand Synagogue of Nuremberg, destroyed in 1938 during the November pogroms
1919 Austrian postcard showing a Jew stabbing a German Army soldier in the back
Territorial expansion of Germany from 1933 to 1941