Chemical ecology is a vast and interdisciplinary field utilizing biochemistry, biology, ecology, and organic chemistry for explaining observed interactions of living things and their environment throu
Monarch butterfly caterpillar on milkweed plant.
Diablito poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica)
Red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur ruffrons)
Zoanthus sociatus produces palytoxin
Push–pull technology is an intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants. For example, cereal crops like maize or sorghum are often
"Push-pull" experimental plots at ICIPE campus in Mbita, Kenya. (Left: Maize with Desmodium spp. intercropping. Right: Maize monoculture with Striga infestation).
"Push": Silverleaf Desmodium (D. uncinatum) in flower
"Pull": Strip of Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) planted along the edge of a push-pull field in Kenya
Maize push-pull farm at ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya, showing intercrop Desmodium spp.