Chiang Wei-shui was a Taiwanese physician and activist. He was a founding member of the Taiwanese Cultural Association and the Taiwanese People's Party. He is seen as one of the most important figures in Taiwan's resistance movement against Japanese rule.

The Taiwanese Cultural Association was an important organization during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. It was founded by Chiang Wei-shui on 17 October 1921, in Daitōtei, a district in modern-day Taipei, gathering Taiwanese intellectuals and aiming for the delivery of progressive ideas and values. It also functions as a political group advocating for Taiwanese collective consciousness and thought. The first foundation day was held on October 17, 1921, when Lin Hsien-tang (林獻堂) was elected as president, Yang Chi-chen (楊吉臣) as assistant vice president, and Chiang Wei-shui (蔣渭水) as director.