Chicago (band)

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Chicago
Chicagothebandmillbrook lar.jpg
Chicago in 2004 (l–r): Howland, Pankow, Champlin, Parazaider, Imboden, Loughnane, Scheff and Lamm (behind Scheff)
Background information
Also known as The Big Thing, The Chicago Transit Authority
Origin Chicago, Illinois, United States
Genres
Years active 1967–present
Labels
Associated acts
Website Official website
Members
Past members

Chicago is an American rock band formed in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois, calling themselves the Chicago Transit Authority in 1968 before shortening the name in 1969. The self-described “rock and roll band with horns” began writing politically charged rock music, and later moved to a softer sound, generating several hit ballads. The group had a steady stream of hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Since at least 2008, Billboard has shown Chicago to be one of the "greatest of all time" American bands in singles chart success,[1][2][3] and since 2015, the "greatest of all time" American band in album chart success as well.[4] Chicago is one of the longest-running and most successful rock groups, and one of the world's best-selling groups of all time, having sold more than 100 million records.[5][6] In 1971, Chicago was the first rock act to sell out Carnegie Hall for a week.[7]

To date, Chicago has sold over 40 million units in the U.S., with 23 gold, 18 platinum, and 8 multi-platinum albums.[8][9][10] They have had five consecutive number-one albums on the Billboard 200[11] and 20 top-ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100.[12] They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016.[13] In 2017, original band members Peter Cetera, Robert Lamm, and James Pankow were elected to the Songwriters Hall of Fame for their songwriting efforts as members of the music group.[14][15]

Group history[edit]

The Big Thing[edit]

The group now known as Chicago began on February 15, 1967, at a meeting involving saxophonist Walter Parazaider, guitarist Terry Kath, drummer Danny Seraphine, trombonist James Pankow, trumpet player Lee Loughnane, and keyboardist/singer Robert Lamm. Kath, Parazaider, and Seraphine had played together previously in two other groups — Jimmy Ford and the Executives, and the Missing Links.[16]:29–49 Parazaider, Pankow and Loughnane met as students at DePaul University.[16]:48–49 Lamm who was a student at Roosevelt University,[17] was recruited from his group, Bobby Charles and the Wanderers.[16]:49 The group of six called themselves the Big Thing, and like most other groups playing in Chicago nightclubs, played Top 40 hits. Realizing the need for both a tenor to complement baritones Lamm and Kath, and a bass player because Lamm's use of organ bass pedals did not provide "adequate bass sound", local tenor and bassist Peter Cetera was invited to join the Big Thing in late 1967.[18][16]:58–59

Chicago Transit Authority and early success[edit]

While gaining some success as a cover band, the group began working on original songs. In June 1968, at manager James William Guercio's request, the Big Thing moved to Los Angeles, California, signed with Columbia Records and changed its name to Chicago Transit Authority.[5] It was while performing on a regular basis at the Whisky a Go Go nightclub in West Hollywood that the band got exposure to more famous musical artists of the time. Subsequently, they were the opening act for Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix.[16]:77–78,106–107[19] As related to group biographer, William James Ruhlmann, by Walt Parazaider, Jimi Hendrix once told Parazaider, "'Jeez, your horn players are like one set of lungs and your guitar player is better than me.'"[19]

Their first record (April 1969), Chicago Transit Authority, is a double album, which is rare for a band's first release. The album made it to No. 17 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[11] sold over one million copies by 1970, and was awarded a platinum disc.[20] The album included a number of pop-rock songs – "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?", "Beginnings", "Questions 67 and 68", and "I'm a Man" – which were later released as singles. For this inaugural recording effort the group was nominated for a Grammy Award for 1969 Best New Artist of the Year.[21]

According to Cetera, the band was booked to perform at Woodstock in 1969, but promoter Bill Graham, with whom they had a contract, exercised his right to reschedule them to play at the Fillmore West on a date of his choosing, and he scheduled them for the Woodstock dates. Santana, which Graham also managed, took Chicago's place at Woodstock,[22] and that performance is considered to be Santana's "breakthrough" gig.[23] A year later, in 1970, when he needed to replace headliner Joe Cocker, and then Cocker's intended replacement, Jimi Hendrix, Graham booked Chicago to perform at Tanglewood which is considered by some to be a "pinnacle" performance.[24]

After the release of their first album, the band's name was shortened to Chicago to avoid legal action being threatened by the actual mass-transit company of the same name.[19]

1970s: Chicago[edit]

The band released a second album, titled Chicago (retroactively known as Chicago II), which is another double-LP. The album's centerpiece track is a seven-part, 13-minute suite composed by Pankow called "Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon". The suite yielded two top ten hits: "Make Me Smile" (No. 9 U.S.) and "Colour My World",[12] both sung by Kath. Among the other tracks on the album: Lamm's dynamic but cryptic "25 or 6 to 4" (Chicago's first Top 5 hit),[12] which is a reference to a songwriter trying to write at 25 or 26 minutes before 4 o'clock in the morning,[25][16]:109[26] and was sung by Cetera with Terry Kath on guitar; the lengthy war-protest song "It Better End Soon"; and, at the end, Cetera's 1969 moon landing-inspired "Where Do We Go from Here?"[27] The double-LP album's inner cover includes the playlist, the entire lyrics to "It Better End Soon", and two declarations: "This endeavor should be experienced sequentially", and, "With this album, we dedicate ourselves, our futures and our energies to the people of the revolution. And the revolution in all of its forms."[28] The album was a commercial success, rising to number four on the Billboard 200,[11] and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1970, and platinum in 1991.[29] The band was nominated for two Grammy Awards as a result of this album, Album of the Year, and Best Contemporary Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus.[21]

Chicago III, another double LP, was released in 1971 and charted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200.[11] Two singles were released from it: "Free" from Lamm's "Travel Suite", which charted at No. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100;[12] and "Lowdown", written by Cetera and Seraphine, which made it to No. 40.[12] The album was certified gold by the RIAA in February 1971, and platinum in November 1986.[29]

The band released LPs at a rate of at least one album per year from their third album in 1971 on through the 1970s. During this period, the group's album titles primarily consisted of the band's name followed by a Roman numeral, indicating the album's sequence in their canon. The exceptions to this scheme were the band's fourth album, a live boxed set entitled Chicago at Carnegie Hall, their twelfth album Hot Streets, and the Arabic-numbered Chicago 13. While the live album itself did not bear a number, the four discs within the set were numbered Volumes I through IV.

In 1971, the band released Chicago at Carnegie Hall Volumes I, II, III, and IV, a quadruple LP, consisting of live performances, mostly of music from their first three albums, from a week-long run at Carnegie Hall. Chicago was the first rock act to sell out a week at Carnegie Hall and the live recording was made to chronicle that milestone.[7] Along with the four vinyl discs, the packaging contained some strident political messaging about how "We [youth] can change The System", including wall posters and voter registration information.[30][31] The album went gold "out of the box" and on to multi-platinum status.[7] William James Ruhlmann says Chicago at Carnegie Hall was "perhaps" the best-selling box set by a rock act and held that record for 15 years.[7] In recognition of setting Carnegie Hall records and the ensuing four LP live recordings, the group was awarded a Billboard 1972 Trendsetter Award.[32] Drummer Danny Seraphine attributes the fact that none of Chicago's first four albums were issued on single LPs to the productive creativity of this period and the length of the jazz-rock pieces.[33]

In 1972 the band released its first single-disc release, Chicago V, which reached No. 1 on both the Billboard pop[11] and jazz album charts.[citation needed] It features "Saturday in the Park", written by Robert Lamm, which mixes everyday life and political yearning in a more subtle way. It peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1972.[34][35] The second single released from the album was the Lamm-composed "Dialogue (Part I & II)", which featured a musical "debate" between a political activist (sung by Kath) and a blasé college student (sung by Cetera). It peaked at No. 24 on the Hot 100 chart.[12]

Other albums and singles followed in each of the succeeding years. 1973's Chicago VI was the first of several albums to include Brazilian jazz percussionist Laudir de Oliveira[36] and saw Cetera emerge as the main lead singer. According to William James Ruhlmann, de Oliveira was a "sideman" on Chicago VI, and became an official member of the group in 1974.[36] Chicago VI featured two top ten singles,[12] "Just You 'n' Me", written by Pankow, and "Feelin' Stronger Every Day", written by Pankow and Cetera. Chicago VII was the band's double-disc 1974 release. Three singles were released from this album: "(I've Been) Searchin' So Long", written by Pankow, and "Call On Me", written by Loughnane, which both made it into the top ten;[12] and the Beach Boys-infused "Wishing You Were Here", written by Cetera, which peaked at number eleven.[12] Their 1975 release, Chicago VIII, featured the political allegory "Harry Truman" (No. 13, Top 100 chart) and the nostalgic Pankow-composed "Old Days" (No. 5, Top 100 chart).[37][38] That summer also saw a joint tour across America with the Beach Boys,[36] with the two acts performing separately, then coming together for a finale.[39] Chicago VI, VII and VIII all made it to No. 1 on the Billboard 200,[11] all were certified gold the years they were released, and all have since been certified platinum. Chicago VI was certified two times multi-platinum in 1986.[40] Chicago IX: Chicago's Greatest Hits was released in 1975 and became the band's fifth consecutive No. 1 album on the Billboard 200.[11]

1976's Chicago X features Cetera's ballad "If You Leave Me Now", which held the top spot in the U.S. charts for two weeks[41] and the UK charts for three weeks.[42] It was the group's first No. 1 single,[36] and won Chicago their only Grammy Award to date,[43] the 1976 Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus, at the 19th Annual Grammy Awards held on February 19, 1977.[44] The single was certified gold by the RIAA the same year of its release.[45] The song almost did not make the cut for the album.[36] "If You Leave Me Now" was recorded at the very last minute. The success of the song, according to William James Ruhlmann, foreshadowed a later reliance on ballads.[36] The album was commercially successful. It reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200,[11] was certified both gold and platinum by the RIAA the same year of its release and two times multi-platinum since,[46] and was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.[21] 1976 was the first year that albums were certified platinum by the RIAA.[47] Chicago X was the first platinum album for Columbia Records, which awarded the group a 25-pound bar of pure platinum, made by Cartier, to mark the event.[48] (Billboard magazine reported it as a 30-pound bar.)[49] At the 4th Annual American Music Awards, a fan-voted awards show,[50] held January 31, 1977, Chicago won the award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group, the group's first of two American Music Awards they have received.[51]

The group's 1977 release, Chicago XI, includes Cetera's ballad "Baby, What a Big Surprise", a No. 4 U.S. hit which became the group's last top 10 hit of the decade.[12] Chicago XI performed well commercially, peaking at No. 6 on the Billboard 200,[11] and reaching platinum status during the year of its release.[40]

Besides recording and touring, during the busy 1970s Chicago also made time for a movie appearance and several television appearances of note. In 1972, Guercio produced and directed Electra Glide in Blue, a film about an Arizona motorcycle policeman. Released in 1973, the film stars Robert Blake and features Cetera, Kath, Loughnane, and Parazaider in supporting roles.[52] The group also appears prominently on the film's soundtrack. Chicago made its "television variety debut" in February 1973 when they were the only rock musicians invited to appear on a television special honoring Duke Ellington, "Duke Ellington ... We Love You Madly," which aired on CBS. They performed the Ellington composition, "Jump for Joy."[53][54][55] In July 1973 the group starred in a half-hour television special produced by Dick Clark, Chicago in the Rockies, which aired in prime time on ABC. The show was filmed on location at Caribou Ranch, the 3,000 acre ranch-turned-recording studio located outside of Boulder, Colorado, owned by Chicago's producer, James William Guercio. The only musical guest on the show was Al Green, who was rated the number-one male vocalist of 1972, and whom Rolling Stone magazine named "Rock and Roll Star of the Year."[56] That special was followed by a second hour-long special the next year, Chicago ... Meanwhile Back at the Ranch, which aired in prime time on ABC in August 1974. Chicago ... Meanwhile Back at the Ranch was again shot on location at Caribou Ranch and was again produced by Dick Clark. Singer Anne Murray and country music star Charlie Rich were guests on the show.[57] Clark produced a third television special starring Chicago, Chicago's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1975, which aired on ABC on December 31, 1974. Musical guests on the ​1 1⁄2-hour-long show included the Beach Boys, the Doobie Brothers, Olivia Newton-John, and Herbie Hancock. It was the third "Rockin' Eve" Clark had produced, and it competed with Guy Lombardo's traditional New Year's Eve television show which aired on a different network and was in its 45th consecutive year of broadcast. Clark hoped the "Rockin' Eve" format would become an "annual TV custom".[58]

Death of Terry Kath and transition[edit]

The year 1978 began with a split with Guercio.[36] Chicago had recorded its last five studio albums Chicago VI, VII, VIII, X, and XI,[59] and had made two television specials at Guercio's Caribou Ranch. In later years, band members would cite Guercio's purchase of Caribou Ranch, more particularly their realization that Guercio had enough money to purchase Caribou Ranch, as a contributing factor to their disillusionment with him as a producer. They felt he had taken advantage of them financially.[16]:131[60] Then on January 23 of that same year, Kath died of an accidental, self-inflicted gunshot wound from a gun he thought was unloaded.[61][62] Doc Severinsen, who was the bandleader for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson at the time and a friend of the group, visited them after Kath's funeral and encouraged them to continue. According to writer Jim Jerome, the visit "snapped them back" and helped them make the decision to carry on.[63]

After auditioning over 30 potential replacements for Kath, Chicago decided upon guitarist and singer-songwriter Donnie Dacus.[63][61] While filming for the musical Hair, he joined the band in April 1978 just in time for the Hot Streets album.[63] Its energetic lead-off single, "Alive Again", brought Chicago back to the Top 15;[12] Pankow wrote it "originally as a love song but ultimately as recognition of Kath's guiding spirit shining down from above."[64]

The 1978 album Hot Streets was produced by Phil Ramone.[63][61] It was Chicago's first album with a title rather than a number; and was the band's first LP to have a picture of the band (shot by photographer Norman Seeff)[65] featured prominently on the cover (with the ubiquitous logo downsized).[63][61] These two moves were seen by many as indications that the band had changed following Kath's death.[63] To a degree, the band returned to the old naming scheme on its subsequent releases, although most titles would now bear Arabic numerals rather than Roman numerals. Hot Streets, the band's 12th album, peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard charts;[11] it was Chicago's first release since their debut to fail to make the Top 10. The release also marked a move somewhat away from the jazz-rock direction favored by Kath and towards more pop songs and ballads. Dacus stayed with the band through the 1979 album Chicago 13,[61] and is also featured in a promotional video on the DVD included in the Rhino Records Chicago box set from 2003. Again produced by Ramone, it was the group's first studio album not to contain a Top 40 hit. Dacus departed from the band following the conclusion of the concert tour in support of Chicago 13, in 1980.[66]

1980s: changing sound[edit]

Chicago XIV (1980), produced by Tom Dowd, relegated the horn section to the background on a number of tracks, and the album's two singles failed to make the Top 40. Chris Pinnick joined the band to play guitar and remained through 1985,[61] and the band were also augmented by saxophone player Marty Grebb on the subsequent tour.[67] Marty Grebb had formerly been with the Buckinghams, and before that had been Cetera's bandmate in a local Chicago area cover band called the Exceptions.[68] The album peaked at No. 71 on the Billboard 200,[11] and failed to reach gold certification by the RIAA.[40] Believing the band to no longer be commercially viable, Columbia Records dropped them from its roster in 1981 and released a second "Greatest Hits" volume (also known as Chicago XV) later that year to fulfill its contractual obligation.[61]

In late 1981, the band had a new producer (David Foster),[61] a new label (Warner Bros. Records),[61] and the addition of keyboardist, guitarist, and singer Bill Champlin (Sons of Champlin).[69] Percussionist Laudir de Oliveira and Marty Grebb departed from the band. During Foster's stewardship, less of an emphasis was placed on the band's horn-based sound, being replaced by lush power ballads, which became Chicago's style during the 1980s. The new sound brought more singles success to the band.

For the 1982 album Chicago 16, the band worked with composers from outside the group for the first time, and Foster brought in studio musicians for some tracks (including the core members of Toto),[69] and used new technology (such as synthesizers) to "update" and streamline the sound, further pushing back the horn section, and in some cases not even using them at all. The band did return to the charts with the Cetera-sung ballad "Hard to Say I'm Sorry/Get Away", which is featured in the soundtrack of the Daryl Hannah film Summer Lovers.[70] Co-written by Cetera and David Foster, "Hard to Say I'm Sorry" was the group's second single to reach No. 1 on the Hot 100 chart[12] and brought them a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.[21] Chicago 16 reached both gold and platinum status during the year of its release,[40] and went to No. 9 on the Billboard 200 album chart.[11]

1984's Chicago 17 became the biggest selling album in the band's history, certified by the RIAA in 1997 as six times multi-platinum.[71] The album produced two more Top Ten (both No. 3) singles,[72] "You're the Inspiration", written by Cetera and David Foster, and "Hard Habit to Break", written by Steve Kipner and John Lewis Parker. The single, "Hard Habit to Break", brought two more Grammy Award nominations for the band, for Record of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.[21] The album included two other singles: "Stay the Night" (No. 16),[12] another composition by Cetera and Foster; and "Along Comes a Woman" (No. 14),[12] written by Cetera and Mark Goldenberg. Peter's brother, Kenny Cetera, who had provided background vocals on the Chicago 17 album,[73] was brought into the group for the 17 tour to add percussion and high harmony vocals.[74]

By 1985, the band was embracing the newest medium, the music video channel MTV, by releasing music videos for four songs. They featured a track titled "Good for Nothing" on the 1985 global activist album, We Are the World.[75] As contributors to the album, along with all other artists who were on the album, the band received its last nomination for a Grammy Award, for Album of the Year.[21]

At the 13th Annual American Music Awards, held January 27, 1986, Chicago won the award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group for the second time.[51] It is the last American Music Award the band has received.

Peter Cetera departure[edit]

Concurrently with Chicago's existing career, lead vocalist Peter Cetera had begun a solo career. He proposed an arrangement with the band where they would take hiatuses after tours to let him focus on solo work (mirroring that of Phil Collins and Genesis), but the band declined. Cetera ultimately left Chicago in the summer of 1985. He soon topped the charts with "Glory of Love" (the theme song of the film The Karate Kid Part II), and with "The Next Time I Fall" (a duet with Amy Grant). Two more songs reached the Top Ten: a 1988 solo hit called "One Good Woman" (No. 4 U.S.), and a 1989 duet with Cher called "After All" (No. 6 U.S.). In 1992, Cetera released his fourth studio album, World Falling Down, which earned him three hits on the Adult Contemporary charts, including the single "Restless Heart". Cetera's former position was filled by bassist and singer-songwriter Jason Scheff, son of Elvis Presley's bassist Jerry Scheff.[76] Guitarist Chris Pinnick also left the group prior to the recording of the band's next album.

For the final Foster-produced album, Chicago 18, the band filled Pinnick's spot with several session guitarists, none of whom became band members. The album was released on September 29, 1986,[77] and included the No. 3 single "Will You Still Love Me?", and Top 20 Pop song "If She Would Have Been Faithful...", in addition to an updated version of "25 or 6 to 4" with a video that got airplay on MTV. Soon after the album was recorded, the band hired guitarist Dawayne Bailey,[78][79] formerly of Bob Seger's Silver Bullet Band.[80] Bailey and Scheff had previously played in bands together, so Scheff introduced Bailey to the band in time for the Chicago 18 tour.

For the 1988 release, Chicago 19, the band had replaced producer Foster with co-producers Ron Nevison, who had recently produced two albums for Heart, and Chas Sanford, who had worked with Rod Stewart and Stevie Nicks.[81] They topped the charts again with the Diane Warren-composed single "Look Away". It was the third and last Chicago single to reach No. 1 on the Hot 100 chart.[12] The song ultimately was named as the "Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 Song of the Year" for 1989.[82] The album also yielded two more Top 10 hits, "I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love" and "You're Not Alone",[12] both with Champlin singing solo lead for the first time, and the Scheff-sung No. 55 single, "We Can Last Forever," in addition to including the original version of a Top 5 single titled "What Kind Of Man Would I Be?". The latter, also sung by Scheff, was remixed for inclusion on the band's forthcoming greatest hits record (and 20th album), Greatest Hits 1982–1989, and it was this version that became a hit.

1990s: more changes and Stone of Sisyphus[edit]

Main article: Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus

The beginning of the 1990s brought yet another departure. Original drummer Danny Seraphine was dismissed from the band in May 1990.[83] Seraphine was succeeded by Tris Imboden,[83] a longtime drummer with Kenny Loggins[84] and former session drummer with Peter Cetera.[85] Imboden made his first appearance on the 1991 album Twenty 1 with a fragment of band's logo, which yielded an eleven-week stretch on the Billboard 200, a peak at No. 66,[86] and the song "Chasin' the Wind" which peaked at No. 39. Twenty 1 would be their last released album of original music for fifteen years.

The band was recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 23, 1992.[87]

In 1993, Chicago wrote and recorded their 22nd album Stone of Sisyphus.[88] This album was to have marked their return to their traditional composition of the 1970s, emphasizing major horn accompaniment.[89] However, following a reorganization of the record company, the new executives at Reprise Records (now part of the newly formed Warner Music Group) rejected the completed album. It remained unpublished for fifteen years, aside from bootleg tapes and Internet files.[88] This contributed to the parting of the band from the record label. The band was dismayed by the failure of the label. Upset with the shelving of the album, Dawayne Bailey voiced his objections and his annual contract was not renewed by the band in late 1994. And in the years that followed there were many debates and conjecture about the events surrounding the recordings. It was also suggested some years later that the band's management was negotiating with the label regarding a licensing of the extensive Chicago back catalog, and when those talks stalled, the label apparently retaliated by scrapping the project.[89] The album eventually saw an expanded release on Rhino Records in June 2008 to favorable reviews from both fans and critics and made it to No. 122 on the album charts.[11]

After finishing their 1994 tour, and after signing with the Warner Bros. Records' imprint label Giant Records, they released their 1995 album Night & Day: Big Band,[90] consisting of covers of songs originally recorded by Sarah Vaughan, Glenn Miller, and Duke Ellington. Guitarist Bruce Gaitsch stepped in and joined the band to handle the album's guitar work.[91][92][93] The album featured guest appearances by Paul Shaffer of David Letterman fame, Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, and The Gipsy Kings.[94] Parazaider cited the group's participation in the 1973 television special honoring Duke Ellington, "Duke Ellington ... We Love You Madly", as key in their decision to record this album.[95] In early 1995 Keith Howland, who had been a studio musician and stage hand based in Los Angeles, was recruited as Chicago's new permanent guitarist.[96]

In 1998, Chicago released Chicago XXV: The Christmas Album and a live album in 1999, Chicago XXVI.

2000s[edit]

In 2000, the band licensed their entire recorded output to Rhino Records, after having recorded it at Columbia Records and Warner Bros. Records. In 2002, Rhino released a two-disc compilation, The Very Best of Chicago: Only The Beginning, which spanned the band's career. The compilation made the Top 40 and sold over 2 million copies in the U.S. Rhino also began releasing remastered versions of all of the band's Columbia-era albums.

The American cable music channel VH1 featured the band in an episode of its Behind the Music series, "Chicago: Behind the Music," season 1, episode 133. The episode first aired on October 15, 2000.[97]

In 2004, 2005 and 2009, Chicago toured with Earth, Wind & Fire.[98]

On March 21, 2006, their first all-new studio album since Twenty 1 arrived with Chicago XXX. It was produced by Jay DeMarcus, bassist/vocalist with the country trio Rascal Flatts,[99] who was a long-time fan of Chicago and had cited the group as an influence on him as a musician in a previous fan letter to Jason Scheff.[100] It also marked the first time the band's music was available as a digital download. The album peaked at No. 41 in the U.S.,[11] spawning two minor adult contemporary hits: "Feel" and "Love Will Come Back". Two songs from this album, "Feel" and "Caroline", were performed live during Chicago's fall 2005 tour.

Chicago made multi-week appearances at the MGM Grand Las Vegas in March, May and October 2006.[99][101] In July 2006, the band made a series of U.S. appearances with Huey Lewis and the News.[102]

On October 2, 2007, Rhino Records released the two-disc The Best of Chicago: 40th Anniversary Edition (Chicago XXXI), a new greatest hits compilation spanning their entire forty years, similar to The Very Best of: Only the Beginning, released four years earlier.

In 2008, Stone of Sisyphus – once known as the aborted Chicago XXII, now listed officially as Chicago XXXII – was released with an expanded format.[88][89]

Drew Hester, who was the percussionist and drummer for the Foo Fighters, joined the band in January 2009 to temporarily fill in for an ill Imboden,[103] and continued with the band as a percussionist upon Imboden's return later in the year.[104] In August 2009, Champlin was fired from the band.[105] He was replaced by Grammy-nominated keyboardist Lou Pardini, who had worked with Stevie Wonder and Santana.[106]

2010–present[edit]

In 2010 (just as they had already done in 1999 and 2008) Chicago toured with the Doobie Brothers (and would do so again in 2017).[107] A 2011 performance in Chicago became a video for the HDNet cable channel that featured the Doobie Brothers joining Chicago for three encore tunes.[108] The band also appeared on the season nine finale of American Idol.[109] On July 24, 2011, the band performed at Red Rocks in Colorado, accompanied by the Colorado Symphony Orchestra.[110]

With Chicago XXXIII: O Christmas Three, the band re-teamed with producer Ramone (he had previously released the new tracks for the expanded Christmas re-release What's It Gonna Be, Santa?) to record a new Christmas album.[111] Dolly Parton was a guest artist on the album,[111] which was released in October 2011. In the meantime, Rhino released Chicago XXXIV: Live in '75, a two-disc set containing two hours of previously unreleased performances recorded June 24–26, 1975 at the Capital Centre in Largo, Maryland, featuring the original members of Chicago performing some of their greatest hits up to that point. In 2012, Chicago and the Doobie Brothers held another joint tour.[112] That same year, Hester left the group shortly before the tour,[104] and was succeeded, first by percussionist Daniel de los Reyes,[113][114] then by Daniel's brother and former long-term Santana member, Walfredo Reyes Jr.[113][115][116]

In 2013 Lamm, Loughnane, Pankow, and Parazaider appeared in the HBO movie Clear History as the band Chicago.[117] In late 2013, the band began releasing singles for a new album, starting with "Somethin' Comin', I Know" in August, "America" in September, "Crazy Happy" in December 2013, and "Naked in the Garden of Allah" in January 2014. The album, titled Chicago XXXVI: Now, was released on July 4, 2014.[118] On January 25, 2014 and January 28, 2014, Chicago performed two concerts with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra[119] In February 2015, Chicago released a two disc live album, Chicago at Symphony Hall, of their performances with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.[120][121]

Chicago and Earth, Wind & Fire embarked on another joint tour together in their Heart & Soul Tour 2015 and Heart & Soul Tour 2.0 & 3.0 in 2016.[122] In 2015, Chicago was listed among the nominees for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[123] The original lineup was inducted at the 31st annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony on April 8, 2016 along with N.W.A., Deep Purple, Steve Miller, and Cheap Trick.[124] In February 2016, it was announced that original drummer Danny Seraphine would join the current lineup of Chicago for the first time in over 25 years for the Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony.[125] Peter Cetera chose not to attend.[126] Terry Kath's daughter Michelle accepted her father's award.[126] In July 2016, Chicago performed on ABC's Greatest Hits.[127][128]

After taking a temporary leave in May 2016, citing "family health reasons",[129][130] it was announced on October 25, 2016 that Jason Scheff had left Chicago after 31 years.[129][131] Bassist/vocalist Jeff Coffey, who had been filling in for Scheff during his absence, was promoted to a full-time member.[132] Saxophonist Ray Herrmann, who had previously filled in for Parazaider on various tour dates since 2005, also became an official member at this time after Parazaider retired permanently from the road.[133] Although Parazaider retired from regular touring, he remained a band member.[134][133]

In January 2017, CNN Films aired a 2-hour biographical documentary film on the group titled Now More Than Ever: The History of Chicago.[135] The film was directed and edited by Peter Pardini, nephew of band member Lou Pardini, and produced by the band, Chicago.[136] The film was the highest rated program in its premiere in the 25-54 demographic and has a 7.1 rating on IMDB.[137] The film won the 2016 "Best of the Fest" Audience Choice Award at the Sedona International Film Festival.[138] At the 10th Annual Fort Myers Beach Film Festival in 2016, it won the "People's Choice" award and Peter Pardini won the "Rising Star Award" as director and filmmaker.[139]

On February 22, 2017 it was announced that Cetera, Lamm, and Pankow were among the 2017 Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees for their songwriting efforts as members of Chicago.[14][15] The induction event was held Thursday, June 15 at the Marriott Marquis Hotel in New York City.[14]

Chicago's website stated that in 2017, the band was working on a new album, Chicago XXXVII.[140]

On September 17, 2017, former percussionist Laudir de Oliveira died of a heart attack while performing onstage in his native Rio de Janeiro.[141][142]

Chicago began their 2018 touring schedule on Saturday, January 13 by performing the grand opening concert at the new Xcite Center in Bensalem, Pennsylvania.[143]

On Wednesday, January 17, 2018, drummer Tris Imboden announced he was leaving the band after 27 years to spend more time with his family.[144] On Friday, January 19, 2018, bassist and vocalist Jeff Coffey announced on his Facebook page that he was also departing from the band due to its heavy touring schedule.[144] Chicago announced that percussionist Walfredo Reyes, Jr. was moving over to drums, replacing Imboden.[145] Vocalist Neil Donell, of Chicago tribute band Brass Transit, was chosen as the band's new lead singer and session musician Brett Simons also joined the band as their new bassist.[146][147] Daniel de los Reyes' return to the percussion position was announced, filling the vacancy left by his brother's move to the drumset.[148][149]

On April 6, 2018, Chicago released Chicago: VI Decades Live (This is What We Do), a box set chronicling the band's live performances throughout their history.[150]

In May 2018, it was revealed that percussionist Daniel de los Reyes was departing Chicago to go back to his other group, the Zac Brown Band.[151] On Thursday, May 17, 2018, Chicago announced on their official Facebook page and on their Twitter account that "Ray" Ramon Yslas had joined the band on percussion.

On June 29, 2018, Chicago released the album Chicago II: Live on Soundstage, a live performance from November 2017 of the then current band lineup performing the entire second album.[152][153]

In July 2018 the band updated its official web site, and no longer listed Parazaider as a member of the band.[154] Instead he is included on the band's "Tribute to Founding Members."[155] Parazaider had retired from touring previously.[133][156][157]

Graphics[edit]

Upon being renamed from Chicago Transit Authority to Chicago, the band sported a new logo. Its inspiration was found in the design of the Coca-Cola logo,[158][159][160] in the attitude of the city of Chicago itself,[161] and in the desire to visually transcend the individual identities of the band's members.[158] It was designed[161] by the Art Director of Columbia/CBS Records, John Berg,[158][159][160] with each album's graphic art work being done by Nick Fasciano.[162][163] Berg said, "The Chicago logo...was fashioned for me by Nick Fasciano from my sketch."[158]

The logo would serve as the band's chief visual icon from Chicago II, onward. In various artistic forms and visual similes, it has been the subject of every subsequent album cover, except the fifteenth album, Greatest Hits, Volume II. For example, it appeared as an American flag on III, a piece of wood on V, a U.S. dollar bill on VI, a leather relief on VII, an embroidered patch on VIII, a chocolate bar on X, a map on XI, a building on 13, a fingerprint on XIV, a computer silicon chip on 16, a parcel on 17, a mosaic on 18, and an aquarelle on 19. Chicago IX's incarnation was a caricature of the band itself, in the shape of the logo.

The album cover series has endured as a cataloged work of art in its own right, described by Paul Nini of the American Institute of Graphic Arts as a "real landmark in record cover design".[158] In 2013, the iconic status of Chicago's album art was featured in a New York art museum exhibit, which centered upon ninety-five album covers completely selected from John Berg's career portfolio of hundreds. Having overseen the design of approximately fourteen Chicago album covers across more than twenty years, Berg stated that this artistic success resulted from the combination of Chicago's "unique situation" and his position in "the best possible job at the best possible time to have that job, at the center of the graphic universe".[159] Berg won the 1976 Grammy Award for Best Album Package for Chicago X, one of four Grammy Awards he won in his lifetime.[164]

The book titled Type and Image: The Language of Graphic Design described the logo as "a warm vernacular form, executed in thick script letters with Victorian swashes in the tradition of sports teams and orange crate labels." The book mentions the cultural and material background of the city of Chicago as inspiration for the logo; for example, describing the leather embossing of Chicago VII as representative of the great fire and the stockades. The author connects the album art to the atmosphere of the band's namesake city, quoting the band's original manager, James William Guercio: "The printed word can never aspire to document a truly musical experience, so if you must call them something, speak of the city where all save one were born; where all of them were schooled and bred, and where all of this incredible music went down barely noticed; call them CHICAGO."[161]

Personnel[edit]

As of July 2018, the three remaining active original members of Chicago are Lamm, Loughnane, and Pankow.[154] Parazaider has retired from regular touring but is considered a band member, and may play special events.[134][133]

Lineups[edit]

-
1967–1974 1974–1978 1978–1980 1980–1981
  • Peter Cetera – bass, vocals
  • Terry Kath – guitar, vocals
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Laudir de Oliveira – percussion[36]
  • Peter Cetera – bass, vocals
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Laudir de Oliveira – percussion
  • Donnie Dacus – guitar, vocals[63][61]
  • Peter Cetera – bass, vocals
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Laudir de Oliveira – percussion
  • Chris Pinnick – guitar[61]
Touring musicians
  • Marty Grebb – saxophone, guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (1980–1981)[67]
1981–1985 1985–1986 1986–1990 1990–1995
  • Peter Cetera – bass, vocals
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Chris Pinnick – guitar
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals[69]
Touring musicians
  • Kenny Cetera – percussion, backing vocals (1984–1985)[74][165]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals[76]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Danny Seraphine – drums
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Dawayne Bailey – guitar, vocals[78]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Dawayne Bailey – guitar, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica[83]
Touring musicians
  • Steve Jankowski – trumpet (sub for Loughnane 1992)[166]
  • Lee Thornburg – trumpet (sub for Loughnane 1992)[167]
1995 1995–2009 2009 2009–2012
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Bruce Gaitsch – guitar[168]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Bill Champlin – keyboards, vocals
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals[96]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 1999–2009)[169]
  • Lou Pardini – guitar, vocals (sub for Champlin for a few shows 1999, 2007)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2003–2009)[170][102]
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2005–2009)[171]
  • Tom Timko – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2005)
  • Steve Jankowski – trumpet (sub for Loughnane 2006, 2007)[166]
  • Lee Thornburg – trumpet (sub for Loughnane 2008, 2009)
  • Drew Hester – drums (sub for Imboden 2009)[103]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals[106]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2009)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2009)
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2009)
  • Drew Hester – drums (sub for Imboden 2009)[104]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Drew Hester – percussion (2009–2012)[104]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2009–2012)[172]
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2009–2012)
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2009–2012)[173]
  • Art Velasco – trombone (sub for Pankow 2011)
2012 2012–2016 2016–2018 January 2018–May 2018
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Daniel de los Reyes – percussion[113]
Touring personnel
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2012)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2012)
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2012)
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute
  • Jason Scheff – bass, vocals
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Walfredo Reyes Jr. – percussion[104]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2012-2016)[174]
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2012)[174]
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute (sub for Parazaider 2012–2016)[175]
  • Lee Thornburg – trumpet (sub for Loughnane 2012)[176]
  • Jeff Coffey - bass, vocals (sub for Scheff 2016)[129]
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute (no longer touring)[133][156][157]
  • Tris Imboden – drums, harmonica
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Walfredo Reyes Jr. – percussion
  • Jeff Coffey – bass, vocals, occasional guitar[129]
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute[133]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2016-2018)[177]
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Herrmann 2016-2018)
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute (no longer touring)
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Walfredo Reyes Jr. – drums[146][147]
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute
  • Neil Donell – vocals, acoustic guitar[146][147][178]
  • Brett Simons – bass, vocals[146][147][178]
  • Daniel de los Reyes – percussion[148][179]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2018)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Herrmann 2018)
May 2018-July 2018 July 2018 – present
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Walter Parazaider – saxophones, flute (no longer touring)
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Walfredo Reyes Jr. – drums
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute
  • Neil Donell – vocals, acoustic guitar
  • Brett Simons – bass, vocals
  • Ramon "Ray" Yslas – percussion[180]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2018)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Herrmann 2018)
  • Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
  • Lee Loughnane – trumpet, flugelhorn
  • James Pankow – trombone
  • Keith Howland – guitar, vocals
  • Lou Pardini – keyboards, vocals
  • Walfredo Reyes Jr. – drums
  • Ray Herrmann – saxophones, flute
  • Neil Donell – vocals, acoustic guitar
  • Brett Simons – bass, vocals
  • Ramon "Ray" Yslas – percussion[180]
Touring musicians
  • Nick Lane – trombone (sub for Pankow 2018)
  • Larry Klimas – saxophones, flute (sub for Herrmann 2018)

Timeline[edit]

Discography[edit]

Main article: Chicago discography

Studio albums[edit]

Videography[edit]

Television and film[edit]

As major subject[edit]

  • Chicago in the Rockies (1973, ABC television special)[56]
  • Chicago ... Meanwhile Back at the Ranch (1974, ABC television special)[57]
  • Chicago's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1975 (December 31, 1974, ABC television special)[58]
  • ABC In Concert (1992, two-part television special)[186][187][188]
  • "Chicago: Behind the Music #133" (2000, VH1 documentary television episode)[97]
  • Now More Than Ever: The History of Chicago. (2016, documentary film)[135][136]

Other television and film appearances[edit]

Awards and honors[edit]

American Music Awards
Year Category Result Ref.
1977 Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Won [51]
1986 Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Won [51]
Grammy Awards
Award Show Year Category Work Awardee(s)/Nominee(s) Result Ref.
1970 Best New Artist of the Year (1969) Chicago Nominated [21]
1971 Album of the Year Chicago Chicago Nominated [21][191]
Contemporary Vocal Group Chicago Chicago Nominated [21][191]
Best Album Cover Chicago John Berg & Nick Fasciano Nominated [191]
1974 Best Album Package Chicago VI John Berg Nominated [192]
1977 Album of the Year Chicago X Chicago Nominated [21][193]
Record of the Year "If You Leave Me Now" Chicago Nominated [21][193]
Best Album Package Chicago X John Berg Won [193]
Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals "If You Leave Me Now" James William Guercio & Jimmie Haskell Won [43]
Best Pop Vocal Performance By a Duo, Group or Chorus "If You Leave Me Now" Chicago Won [21][193]
1980 Best Album Package Chicago 13 Tony Lane Nominated [194]
1981 Best Album Package Chicago XIV John Berg Nominated [195]
1983 Pop Vocal Group "Hard To Say I'm Sorry" Chicago Nominated [21][196]
1985 Record of the Year "Hard Habit To Break"(Single) Chicago Nominated [21][197]
Best Pop Vocal Performance By a Duo, Group or Chorus "Hard Habit To Break"(Single) Chicago Nominated [21]
Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical Chicago 17 Humberto Gatica Won [43]
Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) "Hard Habit To Break"(Single) David Foster & Jeremy Lubbock Won [43]
Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices "Hard Habit To Break"(Track) David Foster & Peter Cetera Nominated [198][199][200]
1986 Album of the Year We Are The World-USA For Africa/The Album (Album) Chicago & all other album artists Nominated [21]
2014 Grammy Hall of Fame The Chicago Transit Authority Inductee [201]

Billboard awards

Main article: Billboard (magazine)
  • 1971: Top Album Artist[202]
  • 1971: Top Album Group[203]
  • 1971: Trendsetter Award (for setting concert records at Carnegie Hall)[32]

Playboy awards

Main article: Playboy
  • 1971: All-Star Readers' Poll: Best Instrumental Combo, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[204][205][206][207]
  • 1971: Best Small-Combo LP: Chicago, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[204]
  • 1972: All-Star Readers' Poll: Best Instrumental Combo, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[208][209][207]
  • 1973: All-Star Musicians' Poll: Best Instrumental Combo, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[210]
  • 1973: All-Star Readers' Poll: Best Instrumental Combo, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[210][207]
  • 1973: Best Small-Combo LP: Chicago V, Playboy Jazz & Pop Poll[210][207]

Other honors

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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