The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico is the presiding officer of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. The post of Chief Justice was created by Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. The constitution also established in several articles that the Chief Justice must:direct the administration of the courts, appoint an administrative director, chairman the board which revises Puerto Rico's senatorial and representative districts, and preside at the impeachment trial of the Governor of Puerto Rico.

The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States and is the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court, which by nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in San Juan.