Chief Mkwavinyika Munyigumba Mwamuyinga, more commonly known as Chief Mkwawa or Sultan Mkwawa, was a Hehe tribal leader in German East Africa, based in Kalenga, Iringa region, who opposed the German colonization. The name "Mkwawa" is derived from Mukwava, a shortened form of Mukwavinyika, meaning "conqueror of many lands".
Chief Mkwawa
Sir Edward returning the skull
Skull on display at the Mkwawa Memorial Museum
Image: The National Archives UK CO 1069 159 89
The Hehe is a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in Iringa Region in south-central Tanzania, speaking the Bantu Hehe language. In 2006, the Hehe population was estimated at 805,000, up from the just over 250,000 recorded in the 1957 census when they were the eighth largest tribe in Tanganyika. There were an additional 4,023 of them in Uganda in 2014.
A Hehe warrior
Hehe warriors from Iringa (1906)
A tembe (traditional Wahehe housing) from Tabora (1906)
Askari soldiers under German command (1906)