Chilon of Sparta was a Spartan politician credited with the militarization of Spartan society, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece.
Chilon (top right) on a 3rd century AD Roman mosaic depicting the Seven Sages, now in the National Museum of Beirut.
Fictional portrait of Chilon by Luca Giordano (ca. 1660)
Modern depiction of Chilon
Leonidas I was king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. He was the son of king Anaxandridas II and the 17th king of the Agiad dynasty, a Spartan royal house which claimed descent from Heracles.
Sculpture of a hoplite, called "Leonidas" by its excavators. 5th century BC
The Spartans throw Persian envoys into a well.
Leonidas at Thermopylae (1814) by Jacques-Louis David, who chose the subject in the aftermath of the French Revolution as a model of "civic duty and self-sacrifice", but also as a contemplation of loss and death, with Leonidas quietly poised and heroically nude
Achaemenid king killing a Greek hoplite. Circa 500 BC–475 BC, at the time of Xerxes I. Metropolitan Museum of Art.