1.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
2.
Bass drum
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A bass drum, or kick drum, is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. Bass drums are percussion instruments and vary in size and are used in musical genres. Three major types of bass drums can be distinguished, the type usually seen or heard in orchestral, ensemble or concert band music is the orchestral, or concert bass drum. It is the largest drum of the orchestra, the kick drum, a term for a bass drum associated with a drum kit. It is struck with an attached to a pedal, usually seen on drum kits. The pitched bass drum, generally used in marching bands and drum corps and this is tuned to a specific pitch and is usually played in a set of three to six drums. A bass drum is cylindrical with the drums diameter much greater than the drums depth. There is normally a head at both ends of the cylinder. The heads may be made of skin or plastic. There is normally a means of adjusting the tension either by threaded taps or by strings, Bass drums are built in a variety of sizes, but size has little to do with the volume produced by the drum. The size chosen being based on convenience and aesthetics, music Bass drums have many synonyms and translations, such as Gran Cassa, Grosse caisse, Grosse Trommel, and Bombo. Bass drums are too large to be held and are always mounted in some way. The usual ways of mounting a bass drum are, Using a shoulder harness so that the heads are vertical, on a floor stand as part of a drum kit. The heads are always vertical when mounted in this way, in this situation, the heads may be adjusted to any position between vertical and horizontal. It is possible for the drum to have a single cymbal mounted on it. Bass drums can have a variety of strikers depending on the music, when the drum is mounted vertically, the mallet above may be held in one hand and a rute held in the other. 2 matching bass drum mallets or a double headed mallet are used for playing drum rolls, when used as part of a drum kit, a variation of the mallet described above is mounted on a pedal and called a beater. The earliest known predecessor to the drum was the Turkish davul
3.
China cymbal
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In western music, China-type cymbals are a distinct type of crash cymbals designed to produce a bright, crisp, and explosive tone. It is for this reason that they have been nicknamed trash cymbals, the name China cymbal is derived from its similarity in sound and shape to Chinese gongs. They are most frequently mounted upside down on cymbal stands, allowing for them to be more easily struck, China-type cymbals are mostly commonplace in various interpretations of rock music, particularly heavy metal and thrash metal. It is also used for jazz fusion and Latin, especially those with elaborate drum solos. In Latin and several music, China cymbals are usually played in conjunction with other percussions instead of a drum kit, such as timbales. However, many china type cymbals have only several or in some cases none of these distinguishing characteristics, the distinguishing feature of a china type cymbal is the one that is hardest to define, its sound. China cymbals are those sounds are derived from the Chinese, rather than the Turkish. The best Turkish cymbals have a rich, swelling tone that some describe as sweet, to western ears, the best china types have an abrasive, cutting sound that is described by western drummers as trashy. The families do to some extent overlap, notably, pang and swish cymbals have some characteristics of china types, and some characteristics of traditional Turkish cymbals. Cymbal making in China is claimed to predate the development of the art anywhere else in the world, the most universally acclaimed cymbal alloy, bell bronze, appears to have been independently developed in China. Today in China a wide range of cymbals are manufactured of both traditional and imported patterns, traditional Chinese types with distinctive names and sounds include chung, jing, and water cymbals, as well as many other types. In Western music these are all referred to as china type cymbals, China type cymbals are available in a wide range of sizes from 27 inches down to 0.4 inches, most types singly but some in pairs. Those of 12 inches or smaller are normally referred to in Western music as china splash cymbals, when used in a drum kit, they are regarded as effects cymbals and are used to give colour and variety. In a drum kit, china-type cymbals can be mounted either with the bell facing upward as well as with the bell facing downward, when mounted bell-down, the upturned rim becomes a downturned rim, allowing a normal stick technique to be used for both ride and crash patterns. Conical bell rough finished on the inside, reversed edge, the bell may be or may not be reversed. The swish and pang are specific sounds within the range of china cymbals, developed as exotic ride cymbals. A China splash cymbal is typically 12 inches or smaller, Sabian refers to both their 12-and-14-inch nova Chinese models as mini Chinese. The Rocktagon, a Sabian exclusive, is a cymbal with a sound midway between a crash and a china
4.
Snare drum
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The snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick. Snare drums are used in orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps. It is one of the pieces in a drum set, a collection of percussion instruments designed to be played by a seated drummer. Snare drums are played with drum sticks, but the use of other beaters such as the brush or the rute can be used to achieve very different sounds. The snare drum is a versatile and expressive percussion instrument due its sensitivity, the snare drum originates from the tabor, a drum first used to accompany the flute. The tabor evolved into more modern versions, such as the kit snare, marching snare, tarol snare, each type presents a different style of percussion and size. The snare drum that one might see in a music concert is usually used in a backbeat style to create rhythm. In marching bands, it can do the same but is used mostly for a front beat, in comparison with the marching snare, the kit snare is generally smaller in length between the two heads, while the piccolo is the smallest of the three. The snare drum is easily recognizable by its loud cracking sound when struck firmly with a stick or mallet. The depth of the sound varies from snare to snare because of the different techniques, some of these qualities are head material and tension, dimensions, and rim and drum shell materials and construction. The snare drum is constructed of two heads—both usually made of plastic—along with a rattle of metal wires on the head called the snares. The wires can also be placed on the top, as in the tarol snare, the top head is typically called the batter head because that is where the drummer strikes it, while the bottom head is called the snare head because that is where the snares are located. The tension of each head is constant by tension rods. Tension rod adjustment allows the pitch and tonal character of the drum to be customized by the player, the strainer is a lever that engages or disengages contact between the snares and the head, and allows snare tension adjustment. If the strainer is disengaged, the sound of the drum resembles a tom because the snares are inactive. The rim is the ring around the batter head, which can be used for a variety of things. The drum can be played by striking it with a stick or any other form of beater, including brushes, rute and hands. When using a stick, the drummer may strike the head of the drum, when the top head is struck, the bottom head vibrates in tandem, which in turn stimulates the snares and produces a cracking sound
5.
Splash cymbal
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In a drum kit, splash cymbals are the smallest accent cymbals. Splash cymbals and china cymbals are the types of effects cymbals. The most common sized splash has a diameter of 10, followed by 8, most splash cymbals are in the size range of 6 to 13, but some splash cymbals are as small as 4. Some makers have produced cymbals described as splash up to 22, Splash cymbals include, Traditional splash cymbals, medium in weight with little or no taper. Rock splash cymbals, heavy but often with a slight taper, the original and traditional splash, like many of the cymbal types in a drum kit, was invented and named by Gene Krupa in collaboration with the Avedis Zildjian Company. Heavier splash cymbals, more suited to this style of drumming, were soon available, a third phase in the development of splash cymbals occurred when china splash cymbals became popular. These added a new dimension to drumming in their own right, today much of the color of an extended drum kit is provided by the wide variety of splash cymbals available. Traditional splash cymbals, as first popularized by Gene Krupa, are 8-12 in size and medium in weight with little or no taper, the name splash gives quite an idea as to how this cymbal sounds, the word rhyming with crash but a literal splash being very small. The normal function of a cymbal is to provide a short. For their size, they are hit relatively hard to produce a quick attack and they tend to have little taper in order to provide the necessary strength for this, the bell being approximately the same thickness as the rim, resulting in limited richness of tone. Rock musicians favor a heavier splash cymbal often with a taper, 6-12. China type cymbals of less than 14 are generally referred to as china splash cymbals when used in a drum kit and this terminology is not entirely consistent. The 8 and 10 Sabian Rocktagon splash cymbals, smaller versions of their octagonal 16 and 18 Rocktagon crashes, are described as china splashes and have an intermediate tone. China splashes were used in Mike Portnoys original cymbal stacks, use of a cymbal or cowbell is a fundamental part of many styles of timbale playing. Example, Sabian El Sabor Salsa Splash 13 Thin splash cymbals are made in sizes 8-12 with a pronounced taper and a sound more akin to a crash than to traditional splashes. At the thinnest and most fragile end of the scale, a splash is identical to, and interchangeable with. And in either case, a single stroke with a drumstick will split the cymbal. Bell cymbals, 4-8 or occasionally bigger, are extremely thick cymbals giving a bell-like tone, the earliest bell cymbals were made by cutting down a larger cymbal, particularly to salvage something from one that was badly split at the edge
6.
Drum hardware
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Drum hardware refers to the parts of a drum or drum kit that are used to tension, position, and otherwise support the instruments themselves. Occasionally, the hardware is used percussively as well, the most common example being a rim shot, john Morrison is noted for his drum solos played entirely on a hi-hat stand. The bolts, called tension rods, are screwed into threaded lugs attached to the shell, in order to tighten. A drum key is a type of wrench used to screw the tension rods into the lugs. Snare tension is controlled with a screw on the strainer, while not required for operation, most drum manufacturers label their products by way of a drum badge. The badge is an attached to the drum shell with a grommet, which is embossed with the manufacturers name or logo. The grommet doubles as a vent hole for two-sided drums, the bass drum in a drum kit usually sit on the floor, and as such require support to prevent rolling. Two adjustable legs are attached by clamps to either side of the shell, drum mounts are fittings, normally attached to the drum shell, that enable a drum to be attached to a supporting bracket, stand or rack. Hanging tom mounts are of two patterns, The Pearl 7/8 mount accepts a 22mm steel tube perpendicular to the drum shell. The excess length of the tube intrudes through the shell. Developed by Pearl, this mount has been adopted by other manufacturers. The parallel mount accepts a bar parallel to the drum shell. There are many bar sizes and profiles, mostly either round, there is a some compatibility, but it is not universal. Some manufacturers such as Tama Drums and Gibraltar Hardware even produce a single fitting that can be used singly as a hanging tom mount. Either of these patterns can also be used with a rim mount, most fittings have provision for memory to reduce setup time. There are many patterns, including, Similar mounts to the 7/8. Mostly used on toy and entry level kits, spade mounts on older kits and, traditionally, on timbales. Mounts that accept a solid bar similar to the parallel mount, common on older kits, and on some high-level handmade kits from smaller makers
7.
Sizzle cymbal
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Both effects have musical uses, and can also be used to mask unwanted overtones in cymbals of lesser quality. However the best results are generally obtained with high quality cymbals. The most common form of sizzle cymbal used in a kit is a large ride cymbal with a number of rivets loosely fitted. This might be called the traditional pattern sizzle cymbal, the loose fit allows the rivets to rattle in the holes. Many early rock music drummers, such as Ringo Starr, used a secondary ride cymbal with rivets, normally a ride cymbal thinner than the main ride and ideally one size larger. This was used for variety, to back a break or to give extra tone colour to the whole of faster songs such as Roll Over Beethoven. Many other rivet patterns have been tried, but the one to have gained much following is a single cluster of two or three rivets close together in an arc close and parallel to the rim. This gained popularity in some genres during the late 1980s and early 1990s and was predicted to replace the traditional pattern, bottom hi-hats, crash cymbals, splash cymbals and even bell splashes have been fitted with rivets. The swish cymbal originally shipped with rivets, and is most commonly used them to this day. If the rivets are removed from a sizzle cymbal its previous tone will be restored, large or numerous holes drilled in a cymbal will make the sound dryer, but ordinary rivet holes make an inaudible difference. Rivet holes may slightly decrease the value of a cymbal. In order to produce a sound without the need to bore holes in the cymbal. There are two patterns, Rivet sizzlers suspend rivets above the rim of the cymbal, normally in two groups 180 degrees apart. Chain sizzlers suspend several short lengths of chain on the surface of the cymbal. These chains may be fixed, adjustable in length, or completely removable, sometimes a single chain of balls from a cabasa is used. Cymb-Siz is a chain sizzler with an adjustment knob which allows the sound of the sizzler to be easily adjusted, when a sizzle cymbal is required in an orchestra, most often a chain sizzler is used. The positions of the chains can be adjusted allowing finest control and this also allows any cymbal to be used without any permanent effect on its tone
8.
Tambourine
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The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called zils. Classically the term denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets and they can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a drum kit, or they can be held in the hands and played by tapping or hitting the instrument. Tambourines come in shapes with the most common being circular. It is found in forms of music, Turkish folk music, Greek folk music, Italian folk music, classical music, Persian music, samba, gospel music, pop music. Tambourines originated in Egypt, where they were known as the kof to the Hebrews, from the Middle Persian word tambūr lute, drum. There are several ways to achieve a tambourine roll, the easiest method is to rapidly rotate the hand holding the tambourine back and forth, pivoting at the wrist. An advanced playing technique is known as the thumb roll, the finger or thumb is moved over the skin or rim of the tambourine, producing a fast roll from the jingles on the instrument. This takes more skill and experience to master, the thumb or middle finger of the hand not holding the tambourine is run around the head of the instrument approximately one centimeter from the rim with some pressure applied. If performed correctly, the thumb should bounce along the head rapidly, usually, the end of the roll is articulated using the heel of the hand or another finger. In the 2000s, the roll may be performed with the use of wax or resin applied to the outside of the drum head. This resin allows the thumb or finger to bounce more rapidly and forcefully across the head producing an even sound, a continuous roll can be achieved by moving the thumb in a figure of 8 pattern around the head. By drummers – Drummers such as Larry Mullen, Jr. of U2 mount a tambourine above the cymbals of their hi-hat stand, tambourines in rock music are most often headless, a ring with jangles but no drum skin. The Rhythm Tech crescent-shaped tambourine and its derivatives are popular, the original Rhythm Tech tambourine is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art. Jack Ashfords distinctive tambourine playing was a dominant part of the section on Motown records. The tambourine was featured in Green Tambourine, a song with which The Lemon Pipers. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was among the earliest western composers to include the tambourine in his compositions, gustav Holsts seven-movement orchestral suite The Planets also features the tambourine in several places throughout the suite, especially in the Jupiter movement. Originated in Galicia or Portugal, the pandeiro was brought to Brazil by the Portuguese settlers and it is a hand percussion instrument consisting of a single tension-headed drum with jingles in the frame
9.
Octoban
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Octobans, also known as tube toms, are deep, small diameter, single-head tom-toms. Octobans were originally grouped in melodically-tuned sets of eight, hence the name, in reference to octave, part sets of two or four drums or an individual drum or octo are common additions to a drum kit. Complete and half sets of octobans are commonly mounted in clusters of four, mounts for four drums in a straight line, dual mounts for two drums, and individual mounts are all also reasonably common. In a drum kit, octobans are most commonly placed to the left of a right-handed drummer, Octobans were introduced by Tama drums in 1978, and endorsed by Billy Cobham, at that time one of the most popular drummers who had switched to Tama drums. Tama octobans were made with fiberglass using a patented moulding process, the naked shell were then painted in black lacquer visible inside the shell where not completely painted. Since they were designed as rack small toms the attachment was different from the tom toms. The rims were conveniently shaped in order to offer the area available for the stick. The lugs were the model used for the Swingstar series drum kits of the same period. The shell was a 6 diameter, thickness was 5 mm despite the very first series may have been 4 mm as advertised, a variation was produced in late 70 using plexiglas instead of fiberglass for the shell construction. This material was more fragile than fiberglass. The most famous drummers used the low set, such as Stewart Copeland for the whole Police period. The dimensions of the low set of shells were the following,810,733,667,607. The high pitch set was instead dimensioned as follows,552,498,455,411 mm, the lengths available from then on and even today are the following,600,536,472,443,390,343,301,280. The only difference with the model is the lug and the batter skin is still clear. The different lengths of the cylinders give each drum its distinct tone, the term octoban has since become a generic trademark used to refer to such sets of smaller diameter tube drums. 6 diameter, Pearl Quarter Tom, Cannon Tom, rocket Tom Drum Workshop Rata Tom. Other diameters, Meinl Percussion Attack Timbales,8 diameter, octoban drum shells from other manufacturers are of varying lengths, and made from materials like fiberglass, acrylic, aluminum, and wood. Some people build their own out of PVC or similar commercial tubing
10.
Gong
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A gong is an East and South East Asian musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet. It originated in China and later spread to Southeast Asia, Gongs are broadly of three types. Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim, bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped, and rest on cushions and belong more to bells than gongs, Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass but there are many other alloys in use. Gongs produce two types of sound. A gong with a flat surface vibrates in multiple modes. This category of gong is called a tam-tam to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are made to generate in addition a beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the gong for both these types of instrument is common. Suspended gongs are played with hammers and are of two types, flat faced discs either with or without a turned edge, and gongs with a raised centre boss. In general, the larger the gong, the larger and softer the hammer, in Western symphonic music the flat faced gongs are generally referred to as tam-tams to distinguish them from their bossed counterparts, and the term gong is reserved to the bossed type only. The gong has been a Chinese instrument for millennia and their first use may have been to signal peasant workers in from the fields as some gongs are loud enough to be heard from up to five miles away. In Japan, they are used to start the beginning of sumo wrestling contests. Large flat gongs may be primed by lightly hitting them before the stroke, greatly enhancing the sound and causing the instrument to speak sooner. Keeping this priming stroke inaudible calls for a deal of skill. The smallest suspended gongs are played with sticks, or even western-style drumsticks. Contemporary and avant-garde music, where different sounds are sought, will often use friction mallets, bass bows, rock gongs are large stones struck with smaller stones to create a metallic resonating sound. By far the most familiar to most Westerners is the chau gong or bullseye gong, large chau gongs, called tam-tams have become part of the symphony orchestra
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