1.
Crissy Rock
–
She appeared in Im a Celebrity. Get Me Out of Here. In December 2012, she appeared on Celebrity Come Dine With Me, for her performance in Ladybird, Ladybird, she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival. Rock was born as Christine Murray in Liverpool in 1958 to Edward, as of September 2012 she lives in Peterlee, County Durham. Her parents had married at St Nathaniels Anglican chapel several months before her birth, the book made the top ten of the Sunday Times best-seller list for seven months and was released as a paperback in 2012 having hit 35,000 sales. The autobiography revived her career and Rock went on to regular appearances on ITVs This Morning programme to discuss the book. Rock started her career as a comedian in the late 1980s and she appeared nationwide on Bob Monkhouses BBC Television show Bob Says Opportunity Knocks, where she was given the highest marks for any comedy act on the series. Monkhouse said, She has the art of timing and had me in stitches, in 1991, following a period of ill health, Crissy returned to the stage, taking bookings on the club and cabaret circuit. Within months, she was voted runner up in the Club Comedian of the Year competition for the Merseyside region, by 1993, her career had started to take off. She performed her act in clubs in Blackpool, Newcastle, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, South Wales, by 1994, Rock was bill-topping at the Central Pier and the famous Blackpool Tower. In 1998, Rock toured the United Kingdom in a drama called Shellfish, the Guardian newspaper wrote, Pat is an utterly believable portrayal of a woman making a last grab at happiness. In the mid-2000s, Rock left the UK and relocated to Benidorm, following the success of the TV show Benidorm she returned to the UK in 2008 and continued to perform her stand-up act in clubs around the country. Rocks comedy has been described as outrageous and emotional, in 2011, Rock released her debut DVD, Crissy Rock – Live. Recorded at Liverpools Royal Court Theatre, from December 2011 to January 2012, Rock played the role of the Fairy Godmother in Billingham Forums Christmas pantomime production of Cinderella. In December 2013, Rock appeared as the Wicked Queen in a production of Snow White at Liverpools Epstein Theatre, on 15 March 2014, Rock led the cast of new comedy Dirty Dusting at the Bedworth Civic Hall. In April 2014, Rock starred alongside Duggie Brown in Escorts the musical at the Theatre Royal St Helens, rocks debut acting performance was as Maggie Conlan in Ken Loachs award-winning 1994 film Ladybird Ladybird. Loach later recalled, I cannot think of anyone I have worked with who shines more brightly than Crissy Rock, Film critic Gene Siskel said on the CBS This Morning programme, No Oscar ceremony will be complete without a nomination for this brilliant performance. In 1995, Rock appeared on primetime ITV in Peak Practice, Celebrity Squares and she also performed on Sky Ones Stand and Deliver. In 1997, she played alongside Billie Whitelaw in the six-part BBC1 series Born to Run and she also made regular appearances on Channel 4s game show Pull The Other One
2.
Andrews, South Carolina
–
Andrews is a small town in Georgetown and Williamsburg counties in the U. S. state of South Carolina. The population was 2,861 at the 2010 census, down from 3,068 at the 2000 census, general aviation airfield Robert F. Swinnie Airport is located 2 miles east of the central business district. Chubby Checker and Chris Rock were born in Andrews, Andrews is located in western Georgetown County, with a small portion extending west into Williamsburg County. U. S. Route 521 bypasses the town to the south, then passes through the west side of the town, the highway leads northwest 62 miles to Sumter and east 17 miles to Georgetown, the county seat. South Carolina Highway 41 leads northeast 24 miles to Hemingway and southwest 15 miles to Jamestown, charleston is 59 miles to the southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, Andrews has an area of 2.2 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,068 people,1,182 households, the population density was 1,392.6 people per square mile. There were 1,347 housing units at a density of 611.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 60. 76% African American,37. 55% White,0. 23% Native American,0. 88% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 43% of the population. 26. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.12. In the town, the population was out with 30. 5% under the age of 18,8. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 3% from 25 to 44,22. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 77.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.3 males, the median income for a household in the town was $19,375, and the median income for a family was $22,750. Males had an income of $24,891 versus $17,344 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,105, about 30. 8% of families and 34. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45. 8% of those under age 18 and 21. 4% of those age 65 or over. The towns of Rosemary and Harpers Crossroads were settled along the Georgetown and Western Railroad, in 1905, the Seaboard Air Line Railroad built a route through the town, along with a sizable maintenance shop. In 1909, voters agreed to incorporate the two towns into a single community, which was named Andrews, after Colonel Walter H. Andrews. Andrews worked for the Atlantic Coast Lumber Co. and served as mayor through most of the 1920s, in 1915, a town hall was built, which is now a museum
3.
Black comedy
–
Black comedy or dark comedy is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo. Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Black comedy corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor. The term black humor was coined by the Surrealist theorist André Breton in 1935 while interpreting the writings of Jonathan Swift. Bretons preference was to some of Swifts writings as a subgenre of comedy and satire in which laughter arises from cynicism and skepticism. Scholars have associated black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Breton coined the term for his book Anthology of Black Humor, in which he credited Jonathan Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, and included excerpts from 45 other writers. This victims suffering is trivialized, which leads to sympathizing with the victimizer, as found in the social commentary. Black humor is also related to that of the grotesque genre. Breton identified Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, particularly in his pieces Directions to Servants, A Modest Proposal, A Meditation Upon a Broom-Stick, the terms black comedy or dark comedy have been later derived as alternatives to Bretons term. Bruce Jay Friedman, in his anthology entitled Black Humor, imported the concept of comedy to the United States. He labeled many different authors and works with the idea, arguing that they shared the literary genre. The Friedman label came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, early American writers who employed black humor were Nathanael West and Vladimir Nabokov. In 1965 a mass-market paperback titled Black Humor, was released and this was one of the first American anthologies devoted to the conception of black humor as a literary genre, the publication also sparked nationwide interest in black humor. Among the writers labeled as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are Roald Dahl, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Warren Zevon, John Barth, Joseph Heller, popular themes of the genre include violence, discrimination, disease, sexuality, religion and barbarism. Comedians, like Lenny Bruce, that since the late 1950s have been labeled for using sick comedy by mainstream journalists, have also labeled with black comedy. By contrast, blue comedy focuses more on crude topics such as nudity, sex, in obscene humor, much of the humorous element comes from shock and revulsion, while black comedy might include an element of irony, or even fatalism. For example, the black comedy self-mutilation appears in the English novel Tristram Shandy. Tristram, five years old at the time, starts to urinate out of a window for lack of a chamber pot. The sash falls and circumcises him, his family reacts with both chaotic action and philosophic digression, cringe comedy Comedy horror Macabre Off-color humor
4.
Insult comedy
–
Insult comedy is a comedy genre in which the act consists mainly of offensive insults directed at the performers audience or other performers. Typical targets for insult include individuals in the audience, the town hosting the performance. An insult comedian often maintains a competitive and interactive relationship with his or her audience, the style has been described as festive abuse. The style can be distinguished from an act based on satire, insult comedy is often used to deflect or silence hecklers even when the rest of the show is not focused around it
5.
Surreal humour
–
Surreal humour is a form of humour predicated on deliberate violations of causal reasoning, producing events and behaviours that are obviously illogical. Constructions of surreal humour tend to involve bizarre juxtapositions, non-sequiturs, the humour arises from a subversion of audiences expectations, so that amusement is founded on unpredictability, separate from a logical analysis of the situation. The humour derived gets its appeal from the fact that the situation described is so ridiculous or unlikely, the genre has roots in Surrealism in the arts. People speak of surreal humour when illogic and absurdity are used for humorous effect, many of Edward Lears children stories and poems contain nonsense and are basically surreal in approach. Besides that, it was bordered by evanescent isthmuses with a great Gulf-stream running about all over it, so that it was perfectly beautiful, and contained only a single tree,503 feet high. In the early 20th century, several movements, including the dadaists, surrealists. The goals of these movements were in some serious, and they were committed to undermining the solemnity. As a result, much of their art was intentionally amusing, a famous example is Marcel Duchamps Fountain, an inverted urinal signed R. Mutt. This became one of the most famous and influential pieces of art in history and it is also a joke, relying on the inversion of the items function as expressed by its title as well as its incongruous presence in an art exhibition. The word surreal first began to be used to describe a type of aesthetic of the early 1920s, surreal humour is also found frequently in avant-garde theatre such as Waiting for Godot and Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead. In the United States, S. J. Perelman has been identified as the first surrealist humour writer, artists like Yoko Ono, Andy Warhol, Donald Barthelme, Italo Calvino, John Hodgman, and many others have relied on this technique in their work. Surrealist humour has played an important role in culture, especially since The Goon Show, Ernie Kovacs. Spike Milligan has been an influence with his absurdist pieces. One of his earliest works in radio, The Goon Show, has inspired many other absurdist comedians and was popular at the time. Spike Milligan went on to create a TV show in 1969, in turn, the Pythons influenced many with their groundbreaking series Monty Pythons Flying Circus. In the 1980s, when the alternative comedy era had begun, absurdist comedians were working the circuit, with the success of The Comic Strip Presents. Featuring as one of the first aired pieces for Channel 4 and this was a very absurdist sitcom based on four university students. Both Monty Python and The Young Ones featured a structure and many absurdities
6.
African-American culture
–
The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African-American people, including the Middle Passage. The culture is distinct and enormously influential on American culture as a whole. African-American culture is rooted in West and Central Africa, understanding its identity within the culture of the United States it is, in the anthropological sense, conscious of its origins as largely a blend of West and Central African cultures. Elaborate rituals and ceremonies were a significant part of African Americans ancestral culture, many West African societies traditionally believed that spirits dwelled in their surrounding nature. From this disposition, they treated their environment with mindful care and they also generally believed that a spiritual life source existed after death, and that ancestors in this spiritual realm could then mediate between the supreme creator and the living. Honor and prayer was displayed to these ancient ones, the spirit of those past, West Africans also believed in spiritual possession. In the beginning of the eighteenth century Christianity began to spread across North Africa, the enslaved Africans brought this complex religious dynamic within their culture to America. This fusion of traditional African beliefs with Christianity provided a place for those practicing religion in Africa and America. After emancipation, unique African-American traditions continued to flourish, as distinctive traditions or radical innovations in music, art, literature, religion, cuisine, 20th-century sociologists, such as Gunnar Myrdal, believed that African Americans had lost most cultural ties with Africa. But, anthropological research by Melville Herskovits and others demonstrated that there has been a continuum of African traditions among Africans of the Diaspora. The greatest influence of African cultural practices on European culture is found below the Mason-Dixon line in the American South, Today, African-American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct cultural body. From the earliest days of American slavery in the 17th century, African cultures, slavery, slave rebellions, and the civil rights movement have shaped African-American religious, familial, political, and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in a myriad of ways, in politics, economics, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion, cuisine, in turn, African-American culture has had a pervasive, transformative impact on many elements of mainstream American culture. This process of mutual creative exchange is called creolization, over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants has been ubiquitous in its impact on not only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well. Slaveholders limited or prohibited education of enslaved African Americans because they feared it might empower their chattel, in the United States, the legislation that denied slaves formal education likely contributed to their maintaining a strong oral tradition, a common feature of indigenous African cultures. African-based oral traditions became the means of preserving history, mores. This was consistent with the practices of oral history in many African. Many of these elements have been passed from generation to generation through storytelling
7.
Sociology of race and ethnic relations
–
The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society. This area encompasses the study of racism, residential segregation, the sociological analysis of race and ethnicity frequently interacts with other areas of sociology such as stratification and social psychology, as well as with postcolonial theory. At the level of policy, ethnic relations is discussed in terms of either assimilationism or multiculturalism. Anti-racism forms another style of policy, particularly popular in the 1960s and 1970s, at the level of academic inquiry, ethnic relations is discussed either by the experiences of individual racial-ethnic groups or else by overarching theoretical issues. Marx described society as having nine great classes, the capitalist class and he hoped for the working class to rise up against the capitalist class in an attempt to stop the exploitation of the working class. He blamed part of their failure to organize on the capitalist class, as they separated black and this separation, specifically between Blacks and Whites in America, contributed to racism. Marx attributes capitalisms contribution to racism through segmented labor markets and a racial inequality of earnings, weber laid the foundations for a micro-sociology of ethnic relations beginning in 1906. Weber argued that biological traits could not be the basis for group foundation unless they were conceived as shared characteristics and it was this shared perception and common customs that create and distinguish one ethnicity from another. This differs from the views of many of his contemporaries who believed that a group was formed from biological similarities alone apart from social perception of membership in a group. Du Bois is well known as one of the most influential black scholars, du Bois educated himself on his people, and sought academia as a way to enlighten others on the social injustices against his people. Du Bois believed that Black Americans should embrace higher education and use their new access to schooling to achieve a position within society. He referred to this idea as the Talented Tenth, with gaining popularity, he also preached the belief that for blacks to be free in some places, they must be free everywhere. After traveling to Africa and Russia, he recanted his original philosophy of integration, booker T. Washington was considered one of the most influential black educators of the 19th and 20th centuries. Born in 1856 as a slave in Virginia, Washington came of age as slavery was coming to an end, just as slavery ended, however, it was replaced by a system of sharecropping in the South that resulted in black indebtedness. By focusing on education for blacks, rather than political advancement, secretly, however, he pursued legal challenges against segregation and disfranchisement of blacks. The effect is so strong that even simply asking the test-taker to state her or his race before taking the test will significantly alter test performance, psychoanalysis has much to offer the study of racism. Its central proposition is that rationality is not the state of the individual. Humans resist change because change threatens established ways of dealing with anxiety, individual defence mechanisms contribute to social defence mechanisms
8.
Saturday Night Live
–
Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
9.
Down to Earth (2001 film)
–
Down to Earth is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock, Lance Crouther, Ali LeRoi and Louis C. K. It is the film based on Harry Segalls stageplay Heaven Can Wait, preceded by Here Comes Mr. Jordan. The film stars Chris Rock as Lance Barton, a comedian who is killed before his time on Earth is through and he is given another chance to continue his life, but in the body of a middle-aged rich white man. The film was released on February 16,2001, received negative reviews from critics. Lance Barton is a comedian who is quite funny and confident in his personality. After being booed off stage one night he hears about an opportunity from his manager, Whitney Daniels, at the Apollo Theater, which is having a goodbye show due to its imminent closing. He is hoping to get a chance to prove himself in front of a real audience, not paying attention, he is hit by a semi truck and is instantly killed. Because of this, Lance is brought up to Heaven where he meets the angels, King and Keyes who reveal that Lance has died before his time, Lance and King then start searching for a body. After sorting through many, they find Charles Wellington III, a rich businessman freshly drowned in his tub by his wife and assistant. Lance sees this as a chance to get to know her, accordingly, he makes a deal with King to loan Charles body until a more suitable body is found. Soon after, Charles returns from death, but with the witty soul of Lance Barton inside him, only he and the angels can see him as Lance. Everybody else sees him as the middle-aged, rich, white Charles, very unpopular in the past, the public and those closest to Charles start to notice a change in his personality. He transforms from a snobbish billionaire into a philanthropist, despite recent events he continues to follow his comedy dreams through Charles, contacting his old manager Whitney and convincing him that he is Lance reincarnated. Through many humorous moments and issues, he gets Sontee to fall in love with him, all too soon, Charles wife and Sklars plans to murder him succeed as he is shot and killed by a hired assassin. Joe returns from this accident unscathed, now with Lances soul, after pulling off a successful performance at the Apollo and reconnecting with Whitney, King and Keyes re-emerge. They inform him that after their current conversation, he not remember them, Lance. As said, after the angels leave he no longer remembers the events or his previous lives. Even though he has lost his memory of Lance, he still has the characteristics of him
10.
Head of State (film)
–
Head of State is a 2003 comedy film directed, written by, and starring Chris Rock and co-starring Bernie Mac. It marked the debut of Rock, who had previously worked as a writer, producer. The films title refers to one of the key functions of the President of the United States and this was the last film by cinematographer Donald E. Thorin, who died in 2016, having not worked on a film in thirteen years. Mays Gilliam is the alderman for the 9th Ward in Washington D. C, at first, Mays feels he will not be able to succeed as President because he would be representing the entire African-American populace, and does not want to do anything to mess it up. However, Mays begins to rise in the polls after his brother persuades him to out for what he believes. He begins to talk about such as welfare, money, society. After Lewis runs a series of attack ads including one saying Mays supports cancer, a part of this strategy includes dubbing a videotape of Osama bin Laden saying he hates America but loves Brian Lewis. This strategy gains Mays even more points in the polls, as voting day draws closer, Mays eventually learns the reason why he was chosen as the party candidate, fires some disloyal campaign operatives, and chooses his brother as his running mate. He later has a debate with his opponent in which he manages to win the crowd over by speaking truth about the American life, finally, Mays ends up winning the election and the presidency. The film ends with a shot of Mount Rushmore with Mays Gilliams head added, Chris Rock – Mays Gilliam, accidental candidate to Presidential elections. Bernie Mac – Mitch Gilliam, elder brother of Mays and vice President candidate. G. James – Himself Rock said in HBO First Look that he got the idea from the 1984 Democratic presidential nominee Walter Mondale, the Democrats knew they had little chance of defeating Ronald Reagan, but selected Ferraro in hopes of gaining female support. Part of the debate is a verbatim repeat of Monty Pythons Argument Clinic. The ceremonial first pitch scene was filmed prior to a Baltimore Orioles–Toronto Blue Jays game at Camden Yards on August 24,2002, in the scene where Mays makes an appearance for TNA Wrestling, B. G. James is holding the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, a title he has never won, keith David had a small role as Bernard Cooper who is shown to have purchased Mays car in a repo auction. Martin Geller sings part of the song Fire Water Burn, boston comedian and actor Jimmy Tingle has the role of a talk show host, in which he interviews Bernie Mac. Head of State received generally negative reviews from critics, on Metacritic, the film maintains a score of 44/100. Roger Ebert, writing for Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film 3/4 stars, writing that its an imperfect movie, official website Head of State at the Internet Movie Database Head of State at AllMovie Head of State at Box Office Mojo
11.
Madagascar (franchise)
–
Madagascar is a computer-animated franchise produced by DreamWorks Animation. Voices of Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer and Jada Pinkett Smith are featured in the films and it began with the 2005 film Madagascar, the 2008 sequel Madagascar, Escape 2 Africa, and the third film Madagascar 3, Europes Most Wanted in 2012. A spin-off film featuring the penguins, titled Penguins of Madagascar, was released in 2014, a fourth film, Madagascar 4, was announced for 2018, but has since been removed from its schedule due to the studios restructuring. The overall plot through the series follows the adventures of four Central Park Zoo animals who have spent their lives in captivity and are unexpectedly shipped back to Africa. Now they must struggle to survive while attempting to return to New York City with the help of a crafty cadre of penguins, Madagascar is a 2005 computer-animated comedy film and the first film in the series. Directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, the tells the story of four Central Park Zoo animals, Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Melman the Giraffe. These animals have spent their lives in captivity, and are unexpectedly shipwrecked on the island of Madagascar. The film was a success, grossing over $532 million worldwide. Madagascar, Escape 2 Africa is a 2008 computer-animated comedy/adventure film, directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, the film continues the adventures of Alex, Marty, Melman, and Gloria, who try to fly back to New York, but they crash-land in Africa. The film grossed over $603 million worldwide, which is higher than its predecessor, Madagascar 3, Europes Most Wanted is a 2012 computer animated comedy film, and the third installment in the series, directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, along with Conrad Vernon. Alex, Marty, Gloria, and Melman are still struggling to get home to New York, together, they spectacularly revitalize the business even as the fanatical Monaco Animal Control officer Captain Chantel DuBois relentlessly pursues them. In the end, the zoo animals finally get back to New York, only to find that they have too much in spirit to return to captivity. The film grossing over $746 million worldwide, marking the film in the series. Jeffrey Katzenberg has stated there is likely to be a fourth installment in the franchise. However, in June 2012, DreamWorks Animations head of marketing, Anne Globe, said. There hasnt been a lot of discussion about that, Eric Darnell, who co-directed all three films, spoke of the possibility of the fourth film, noting, Two things have to happen. One is that the world has to want Madagascar 4, because if they dont want it, it doesnt matter what we do. And the other thing is if the world wants Madagascar 4, we have to make sure that we have an idea that is incredible, that is great
12.
Grown Ups (film)
–
Grown Ups is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, and written by Adam Sandler, who also stars in this film. Besides Sandler, the film co-stars Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, the film tells a story of five childhood friends who won their junior high school basketball championship in 1978. They reunite three decades later to mourn the death of their coach, meeting at a lakeside cottage they rented when they were young, the friends also re-connect with each other, their spouses, and their children. Grown Ups was produced by Sandlers production company Happy Madison Productions and was distributed by Columbia Pictures, in 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. During their celebration at a lake house, the friends coach, Robert The Buzzer Fernando. Eric Lamonsoff claims he is now a co-owner of a furniture company, is married to Sally and has two children, Donna and Bean. Much to Erics chagrin, Sally continues to breastfeed Bean, kurt McKenzie is a stay-at-home father who is married to Deanne, the primary breadwinner of the family, and has two children, Andre and Charlotte. Deanne is pregnant with child and her mother also lives with the family. Rob Hilliard has been divorced three times and has daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget from those marriages and his current wife, Gloria, is 30 years older than him. Marcus Higgins is a slacker and lothario. and for having a much older wife, Lenny rents the lake house for the 4th of July weekend for his friends to stay at. However, Lenny cannot stay for the weekend because Roxanne has a fashion show in Milan. Dickie challenges him and his friends to a rematch, but Lenny declines after noting that Dickie is decidedly out of shape, the next day, the five friends spread Buzzers ashes into the woods. Rob becomes depressed during this event, lamenting his failed marriages, after having to deal with Jasmine, Rob goes and hangs out with his friends, who were fishing. After making some jokes on Rob, the elect to cheer him up with a game of arrow roulette. Rob remains in the circle the longest, making him the winner, when Gloria tries to use a maize-covered poultice, Rob snaps at Gloria. Lenny gets the kids interested in talking on cup-phones and Roxanne accidentally tells Becky that she is the Tooth Fairy, Happy that they are enjoying the same kind of fun he had as a child, Lenny installs an extensive cup-phone network in the house. Roxanne ultimately figures out that it is important to stay at the lake house than going to Milan. The five friends decide to go to a park, where Bean learns to drink milk out of a carton and Marcus flirts constantly with Jasmine and Amber
13.
Grown Ups 2
–
Grown Ups 2 is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, and also produced by Adam Sandler, who also starred in the film. It is the sequel to the 2010 film Grown Ups, the film co-stars Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Nick Swardson, and Salma Hayek. The film is produced by Adam Sandlers production company Happy Madison, the film was released on July 12,2013. The film was a success, grossing roughly $247 million on an $80 million budget. Like the first film, it was panned by critics. It was nominated for nine Razzies at the 2014 Golden Raspberry Awards, three years after the events of the first film, Lenny Feder has relocated his family back to his Connecticut hometown of Stanton where he and his friends grew up. In the films opening in the Feder household, Lenny wakes up to find a wild deer standing next to his bed, Lenny tries to get his wife Roxanne to open the window. She wakes up in anger and startles the deer, causing it to all over the bed. The deer runs down the hall and crashes into the bathroom where it runs into Lennys eldest son Greg showering scaring him and it turns out that Lennys younger daughter, Becky, left the door open overnight for any animals that wanted to come in. Lenny is able to get the out of the house by using Beckys monkey doll. Greg, Keith, and Becky then go to their last day of school, Roxanne brings up the idea of their family having another baby, but Lenny says their family is perfect as is, upsetting Roxanne. At the McKenzie household, Kurt surprises his wife Deanne with an anniversary present. Meanwhile, Marcus Higgins is waiting at a station after receiving a letter from an old girlfriend. Marcus is stunned to see a tattooed, six-foot-tall boy, who turns out to be Braden, Marcus tries to be nice and takes him to school, but Braden shows an immediate dislike toward him, believing that he abandoned him and his mother. Lenny argues that he could take Tommy as a kid and he can take him. Eventually, the go to see Beckys ballet recital, where Lenny runs into Tommy. Tommy threatens that if Lenny ever lies again about being able to him up. Once the kids are out of school, Lenny, Eric, Kurt, and Marcus decide to visit the old quarry, however, they run into a gang of partying frat boys who force them to jump into the quarry lake naked
14.
Top Five
–
Top Five is a 2014 American comedy film written and directed by Chris Rock. The film, which stars Rock, Rosario Dawson, and Gabrielle Union, was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. The movie follows New York City comedian and film star Andre Allen, the film was released on December 12,2014, by Paramount Pictures. New York Times reporter Chelsea Brown is spending a day interviewing comedian and recovering alcoholic Andre Allen, star of the hit film franchise Hammy The Bear, Chelsea has forgotten her audio recorder, so they first go to her apartment. While there they discuss an article about the Cinderella complex. Chelsea explains that Cinderella left something behind to let the prince know that she wanted to see him again. As the interview begins in his limousine, Andre recalls his lowest point, when he was in Houston in 2003 and met Jazzy Dee, yet after Jazzy refused to pay the women, they contended they were raped, leading to Andres arrest. After the limo gets hit by a cab, Andre and Chelsea wander the city, Andre stops at a jewelry store to pick up the rings for his wedding to reality-TV star Erica Long. They visit the apartment of Andres old friends and his ex-girlfriend, Chelsea interviews each, learning that Andre wasnt particularly funny when he started in stand-up comedy. They nominate their five favorite rappers, including a sixth in their lineups as well, Andre goes to radio shows such as Opie and Anthony to promote Uprize and attends a press conference with fellow stars including Taraji P. Henson and Gabourey Sidibe. To his chagrin, Andre is asked when there will be another Hammy movie, at a hotel, Andre and Chelsea unexpectedly encounter her boyfriend, Brad, along with his friend Ryan, who is wearing Brads shirt. Chelsea deduces Brad is cheating on her with Ryan and she and Andre, both recovering alcoholics, stop in a liquor store but resist making a purchase. Chelsea explains in detail how the signs were there that Brad was gay. She becomes angry and insults his movie, but the two end up kissing, Andre asks to borrow Chelseas phone, since his own died. While using it, he sees an email from her editor, the truth devastates Andre, who angrily tells Chelsea he felt he was never funny unless he was drunk or high, and now is fearful for his career. Despondent and acting out at a supermarket, he is arrested by police, in jail, Andre calls Erica, who fumes over the arrest, mainly because of how it will look for her image. She tells Andre this piece of fame is all she has since she thinks she has no other talent, ericas manager Benny takes the phone and tells Andre to go to his bachelor party for good press and fly out for the wedding. Andres bodyguard Silk bails out Andre, and they go to a club for a bachelor party with a theme based on Hammy The Bear
15.
HBO
–
Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
16.
Everybody Hates Chris
–
Everybody Hates Chris is an American period sitcom that is based on the troubled teenage experiences of comedian Chris Rock during the 1980s. The show is set between 1982 and 1987, though Rock was a teenager between 1978 and 1984, being born in 1965, Rock himself grew up with his best friend, Kenny Montero, whom he has often referred to as the inspiration for a lot of the episodes. In many of his interviews, Rock has described Montero as the reason he got into comedy in the first place, the shows title parodies the hit CBS sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. In 2008, The CW moved Everybody Hates Chris and The Game to the Friday night death slot, the fourth season of the series premiered Friday, October 3,2008, at 8, 00PM Eastern/7, 00PM Central. On May 21,2009, The CW announced that it had cancelled Everybody Hates Chris. Prior to this, Rock announced that the end of season 4 matched up with his own past, dropping out of school to become a comedian. Everybody Hates Chris received critical acclaim, Everybody Hates Chris was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV. The series is innovative, funny, and stereotype-defying – enjoyable for teens, the show airs on MTV2 at random times during the day and week. Fuse As of 2015, Fuse airs the show at times during the day. The show airs regularly on broadcast TV during the week, the show was launched on September 7,2009 on Nick at Nite, becoming the youngest syndicated show on the channel, beating George Lopez. The series has expanded from Nick at Nite, and has joined sister network TeenNick. The show was replaced by Zoey 101. The show also airs Monday to Friday on YTV, at 12,00 AM, mTV2 also airs episodes of the show, usually in the early morning hours. It aired on TV One until 2016, now, the series reruns on Up and Fuse. Everybody Hates Chris won a NAACP Image Award for its writing in 2007 and it has also been nominated for many Golden Globe and Emmy Awards. In December 2008, Entertainment Weekly lists the Kwanzaa episode from this show as seventh on the magazines Must List,10 Holiday Things We Love, Everybody Hates Chris at the Internet Movie Database Everybody Hates Chris at TV. com
17.
77th Academy Awards
–
During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories honoring films released in 2004. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz, Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the first time. The Aviator won the most awards of the night with five, Million Dollar Baby won four awards, including Best Picture. The telecast garnered over 42 million viewers in the United States, the Aviator received the most nominations with eleven, Finding Neverland and Million Dollar Baby tied for second with seven nominations each. The winners were announced during the ceremony on February 27,2005. At age 74, Clint Eastwood became the oldest winner for Best Director in Oscar history, Best Actor winner Jamie Foxx became the second actor and tenth individual overall to earn two acting nominations in the same year. By virtue of her portrayal of Katharine Hepburn, Best Supporting Actress winner Cate Blanchett was the first performer to portray a previous Oscar winner, al otro lado del río from The Motorcycle Diaries became the second song with non-English lyrics to win Best Original Song. The first to achieve this feat was the song from the 1960 Greek film Never on Sunday at the 33rd Academy Awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, sidney Lumet — In recognition of his brilliant services to screenwriters, performers and the art of the motion picture. Roger Mayer The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, opting for a younger face in an attempt to increase viewership, while renewing interest with the nominated films, producer Gil Cates selected actor and comedian Chris Rock to host the 2005 ceremony. Cates explained his decision to hire Rock for the telecast in a release saying. He always makes me laugh and he always has something interesting to say, Chris represents the best of the new generation of comics. Having him host the Oscars is terrific, by virtue of his selection, Rock became the first African American man to solo host the gala. Nearly a month before the ceremony Rock told Josh Wolk of Entertainment Weekly, Come on, no one performs, its not like a music show. What straight black man there and watches the Oscars. Political blogger Matt Drudge later reported that several anonymous AMPAS members wanted Rock fired from his job as a result of the comments. Furthermore, Wolk dismissed any controversy regarding Rocks comments and that Drudge exaggerated the hosts comments, GLAAD Executive Director Joan Garry also issue a statement in light of the controversy stating, Chris Rock isnt making fun of gays – hes poking fun at the Oscars. Rock appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno the Monday before the ceremony to clarify his comments, when Leno asked about the statement, Rock replied I did not say that
18.
88th Academy Awards
–
During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by David Hill and Reginald Hudlin, Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the second time, having previously hosted the 77th ceremony held in 2005. In related events, the Academy held its 7th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 14,2015. On February 13,2016, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, Spotlight won two awards including Best Picture, and Mad Max, Fury Road won six awards, the most for the evening. The Revenant earned three awards including Best Director for Alejandro G. Iñárritu and Best Actor for Leonardo DiCaprio, brie Larson won Best Actress for Room, while Mark Rylance and Alicia Vikander won supporting acting honors for Bridge of Spies and The Danish Girl, respectively. The telecast garnered 34.42 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 88th Academy Awards were announced on January 14,2016, at 5,30 a. m. PST, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by directors Guillermo del Toro and Ang Lee, Academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs, the Revenant led all nominees with twelve nominations, Mad Max, Fury Road came in second with ten. The winners were announced during the ceremony on February 28,2016. With two Oscars, Spotlight was the first film since 1952s The Greatest Show on Earth to win Best Picture with only one other award, Alejandro G. Iñárritu became the third individual to win two consecutive Oscars for Best Director. At the age of 87, Ennio Morricone was believed to be the oldest competitive winner in Oscar history, having previously won for Gravity and Birdman, Emmanuel Lubezki became the first person to win three consecutive Best Cinematography awards. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, gena Rowlands — Who has illuminated the human experience through her brilliant, passionate and fearless performances. Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award Debbie Reynolds — For her charitable contributions, the following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. Due to the reception and lower ratings resulting from the previous years ceremony, producers Neil Meron. Shortly afterwards, actor Neil Patrick Harris announced that he would not host the Oscars for a second time, in an interview released from The Huffington Post, he said I dont know that my family nor my soul could take it. It was fun to check off the list, but for the amount of time spent, in September 2015, AMPAS recruited David Hill and Reginald Hudlin as producers of the ceremony. Were delighted to have this talented team on board, AMPAS president Cheryl Boone Isaacs said in a release announcing the decision. His vast experience as an events producer, coupled with Reginalds energy, creativity. The following month, Hill and Hudlin selected actor and comedian Chris Rock to host the 2016 telecast and they explained their decision to hire Rock back as host saying, Chris Rock is truly the MVP of the entertainment industry
19.
Emmy Award
–
An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
20.
Grammy Award
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
21.
Comedy Central
–
Comedy Central is an American basic cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The channel carries comedy programming, in the form of original and syndicated series and stand-up comedy specials, as well as feature films. The international channels are operated by Viacom International Media Networks, as of February 2015, approximately 93,992,000 American households receive Comedy Central. On November 15,1989, Time Warner, owners of HBO, on April 1,1990, Viacom launched a rival channel called Ha. that featured reruns of situation comedies and some original sketch comedy. The Comedy Channels programs were broadcast from the HBO Downtown Studios at 120 East 23rd Street in Manhattan, the format prior to the merger with Ha. In the early days, certain hours of the day when clips were shown without host segments were dubbed Short Attention Span Theater, in 1990, hosts under this title, Jon Stewart and Patty Rosborough, were introduced. Comedian Marc Maron also hosted the series, Viacom bought out Time Warners half in April 2003 for $1.23 billion. LLC, the subsidiary that owned Ha. and Viacoms original half of the network, with the exception of the cult favorite Mystery Science Theater 3000, the channel had a relatively small viewership. A notable early success was Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher, which after showing promise on Comedy Central was quickly snapped up by ABC. Additionally, The Daily Show had got its start with original host Craig Kilborn, dr. Katz, Professional Therapist was also a notable original program from this era, as well as the game show Win Ben Steins Money. Successful non-original programming included Canadian comedy group The Kids in the Hall and British shows such as the U. K. edition of Whose Line Is It Anyway. some later seasons of AbFab, as it was informally known, were partially financed by Comedy Central. Comedy Central also had the rights to broadcast reruns of Seattles Almost Live. The channel made a breakthrough when South Park premiered in 1997, being the first major basic cable show to carry the TV-MA rating for mature audiences, the show was too controversial to be picked up by a mainstream network. As word of mouth spread, the number of people who requested that Comedy Central be added to their cable providers increased, on November 13,2000, Comedy Central introduced a modernized version of its globe logo, by straightening the buildings and removing the transmitter. The management of the said that the transmitter of the 1991 logo was said to communicate the 1950s broadcast era. In 2002, Comedy Central Records was formed as a means of releasing albums by comedians that have appeared on the network, since 2003, Comedy Central has created a tradition of roasting comedians in the style of the New York Friars Club roasts. During these roasts, friends of the roastee, along other comedians, take turns making fun of the roastee, the other roasters. The success of South Park, despite its mature content, encouraged the network to continue to push the limits on adult language, every Saturday and Sunday morning at 1 a. m
22.
Channel 4
–
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services, BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, after some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. Indeed, television sets throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called ITV/IBA2. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the commercial channel became a reality. The campaign was taken so seriously by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, the result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, since then, carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. The first programme to air on the channel was the game show Countdown. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second, the first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Carol Vorderman and was a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words, On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashleys ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of period, however. Channel 4 for many years had a poorer quality signal compared to other channels, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 also faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Drivers Wife. After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993, instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time and it gave such shows as Friends and ER their UK premières. In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as Big Brother and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like cricket and this new direction increased ratings and revenues. In addition, the corporation launched a number of new channels through its new 4Ventures offshoot, including Film4, At the Races, E4
23.
Crown Heights, Brooklyn
–
Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The main thoroughfare through this neighborhood is Eastern Parkway, a tree-lined boulevard designed by Frederick Law Olmsted extending 2 miles east–west, originally, the area was known as Crow Hill. It was a succession of hills running east and west from Utica Avenue to Washington Avenue, the name was changed when Crown Street was cut through in 1916. Crown Heights is bounded by Washington Avenue to the west, Atlantic Avenue to the north, Ralph Avenue to the east and it is about 1 mile wide and 2 miles long. Neighborhoods bordering Crown Heights include Prospect Heights to the west, Flatbush and Prospect Lefferts Gardens to the south, Brownsville to the east, the neighborhood extends through much of Brooklyn Community Board 8 and 9. It is under the jurisdiction of two precincts of the New York City Police Department, the 77th Precinct is part of Brooklyn North, which covers Crown Heights, Prospect Heights and Weeksville. The 71st Precinct is part of Brooklyn South and covers the end of Crown Heights. Although no known physical remains in the Crown Heights vicinity. There he was visited by a party of Lenape. The next contact was in 1609 when the explorer Henry Hudson arrived in what is now New York Harbor aboard a Dutch East India Company ship, the Halve Maen commissioned by the Dutch Republic. European habitation in the New York City area began in earnest with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called Nieuw Amsterdam, on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. By 1630, Dutch and English colonists started moving into the end of Long Island. ”Crown Heights had begun as a posh residential neighborhood. The area benefited by having its rapid transit in a configuration, the IRT Eastern Parkway Line, in contrast to many other Brooklyn neighborhoods. Conversion to a town also included tearing down the 19th century Kings County Penitentiary at Carroll Street. Beginning in the early 1900s, many residences, including characteristic brownstone buildings, were erected along Eastern Parkway. Away from the parkway were a mixture of lower middle-class residences and this development peaked in the 1920s. From the early 1920s through the 1960s, Crown Heights was a white neighborhood. Population changes began in the 1920s with newcomers from Jamaica and the West Indies, as well as African Americans from the South
24.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
25.
Public Broadcasting Service
–
The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
26.
African American Lives
–
African American Lives is a PBS television miniseries hosted by historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr. focusing on African-American genealogical research. The family histories of prominent African Americans are explored using traditional techniques as well as genetic analysis. The first installment of the aired in February 2006. The series featured research into the ancestral lineages of eight prominent African-American guests, writer, host, and executive producer of the series, Henry Louis Gates, also features his ancestral heritage on the show. The miniseries featured interviews with the parents and family members of guests including Winfreys father, geneticists Rick Kittles and Mark D. Shriver also make appearances. The miniseries four episodes were broadcast over two nights in two parts, on February 1, the first two episodes were broadcast as Listening to our Past, The Promise of Freedom. The following week, on February 8, the third and fourth episodes aired as, Searching for Our Names, re-runs of the series as individual episodes were broadcast following the joint premier both nights. The miniseries was sponsored by Coca-Cola and Procter & Gamble who both produced commercials honoring African-American heritage for use in the series, African American Lives 2 premiered in February 2008, again hosted by Gates. The show continued the research into Gatess ancestry, which was found to be more than half European. Gates gave a speech when he was inducted into the Sons of the American Revolution, the four episodes of this miniseries are The Road Home, A Way Out of No Way, We Come From People, and The Past Is Another Country. Many believe that a majority of African Americans also have Native American ancestry, critics suggest that the program failed to fully acknowledge to the audience, or inform guests, that not all ancestry may show up in the tests. The genetic tests done on direct paternal or maternal line only a few ancestors among many. Ancestral information markers must also be done to form a complete picture of a persons ancestry. For instance, MtDNA testing is only of direct maternal ancestors, unless other ancestry is evaluated, a person may miss a paternal lines connection to Europe. This gives an impression that the person has little heritage of another ethnic group. AIM markers are not as defined for all populations as suggested. Historic populations migrated, which also influences results, particularly, critics note that genetic analysis is incomplete related to Native Americans, and new genetic markers for these populations may be identified. Gates has written a book, In Search of Our Roots, How 19 Extraordinary African Americans Reclaimed Their Past
27.
North Region (Cameroon)
–
The North Region makes up 66,090 km² of the northern half of The Republic of Cameroon. Neighbouring territories include the Far North Region to the north, the Adamawa Region to the south, Nigeria to the west, Chad to the east, the city of Garoua is both the political and industrial capital. Garoua is Cameroons third largest port, despite the fact that the Bénoué River upon which it relies is only navigable for short periods of the year. Major ethnic groups include the Fula or Fulani, who are Islamic pastoralists, and numerous Muslim and animist speakers of Adamawa, Chadic, French is the language of formal education, and Fulfulde, the language of the Fulbe, is widespread as a lingua franca. In 2008, the President of the Republic of Cameroon, President Paul Biya signed decrees abolishing Provinces, hence, all of the countrys ten provinces are now known as Regions. Bands of alternating metamorphic and sedimentary rock interspersed with granite characterise the norths geology, granite covered in volcanic basalt makes up the southernmost reaches, which form part of the Adamawa Plateau. A series of faults lies north of this and separate the plateau from the band of stone to its north. Random granite deposits also characterise this area, the Mayo Rey and Vina River cut north of this portion, leaving deposits of sedimentary stone except in the granite east. North of this lies a band of alluvium, clay, limestone. Another large band of metamorphic rock makes up the territory northwest of the Bénoué basin, the Mandara Mountains, which run roughly north-south at the provinces Nigerian border, are irregular in that they are volcanic, composed mostly of crystalline and metamorphic rock and granite. The Adamawa Plateau divides the province into two main soil types and those to the north are mostly shallow and ferruginous, brown or brownish red in colour. On the plateau itself, they are mostly ferralitic or lateritic, the regions annual rainy/dry cycle erodes the landscape and aids in the formation of iron deposits called duricrust or hardpans near the surface. The bottom of the Bénoué basin is alluvial soil, all rivers in the province experience a tropical regime, with a period of high water during the rainy season during which flooding may occur. The Bénoué, Mayo Oulo, Mayo Kébi, and Mayo Godi are particularly susceptible to this, in contrast, however, the rivers mostly dry up during the dry season, many disappearing completely into the sand. Animals and humans must dig during this period to retrieve water and this means that the port of Garoua on the Bénoué is only functional during a small portion of the year. The Bénoué River serves as the Norths primary waterway, as it passes through the port at Garoua and it flows down from the Adamawa Plateau and is enlarged by the Mayo Rey, the Mayo Kebi, the Mayo Louti and other rivers. Its valley forms the part of the Bénoué Depression. Several smaller tributaries flow into the Bénoué
28.
American Civil War
–
The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
29.
United States Colored Troops
–
The United States Colored Troops were regiments in the United States Army composed primarily of African-American soldiers. Other people of color who were not of African descent, such as Native Americans Pacific Islanders, the USCT was the precursor to the Buffalo Soldier regiments in the American Old West. The U. S. Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1862 in July 1862 and it freed slaves whose owners were in rebellion against the United States, and Militia Act of 1862 empowered the President to use freed slaves in any capacity in the army. Lincoln opposed early efforts to recruit soldiers, although he accepted the Armys using them as paid workers. Native American also played a significant role in the regiments of the American Civil War. In September 1862, Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, announcing that all slaves in rebellious states would be free as of January 1, recruitment of colored regiments began in full force following the Proclamation in January 1863. Regiments, including infantry, cavalry, engineers, light artillery, approximately 175 regiments comprising more than 178,000 free blacks and freedmen served during the last two years of the war. Their service bolstered the Union war effort at a critical time, by wars end, the men of the USCT made up nearly one-tenth of all Union troops. The USCT suffered 2,751 combat casualties during the war, disease caused the most fatalities for all troops, both black and white. USCT regiments were led by officers, while rank advancement was limited for black soldiers. The Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regiments in Philadelphia opened the Free Military Academy for Applicants for the Command of Colored Troops at the end of 1863. For a time, black soldiers received less pay than their white counterparts, notable members of USCT regiments included Martin Robinson Delany and the sons of Frederick Douglass. The courage displayed by colored troops during the Civil War played an important role in African Americans gaining new rights, before the USCT was formed, several volunteer regiments were raised from free black men, including freedmen in the South. In 1863 a former slave, William Henry Singleton, helped recruit 1,000 blacks from escaped slaves in New Bern and he became a sergeant in the 35th USCT. Freedmen from the Roanoke Island Freedmens Colony, established in 1863 on the island, also formed part of the Free North Carolina Colored Volunteers, nearly all of the volunteer regiments were converted into USCT units. In 1922 Singleton published his memoir of his journey from slavery to freedom, glad to participate in reunions, years later at the age of 95, he marched in a Grand Army of the Republic event in 1938. Four regiments were considered Regular units, rather than auxiliaries and their veteran status allowed them to get valuable federal government jobs after the war, from which African Americans had usually been excluded in earlier years. But, the men received no recognition for combat honors
30.
Bullying
–
Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. The behavior is repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power, behaviors used to assert such domination can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion, and such acts may be directed repeatedly towards particular targets. If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing, Bullying can be defined in many different ways. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has no definition of bullying. Bullying is divided into four types of abuse – emotional, verbal, physical. It typically involves subtle methods of coercion, such as intimidation, Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as peer abuse. Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism, a bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This includes school, family, the workplace, home, in a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, the strongest predictor was the perception of whether the most influential male in a players life would approve of the bullying behavior. Bullying may thus be defined as the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, the Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons. He says negative actions occur when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. Individual bullying can be classified into four types, collective bullying is known as mobbing, and can include any of the individual types of bullying. Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and it is stated that Cyber-bullying is more common in secondary school than in primary school. Individual bullying tactics can be perpetrated by a person against a target or targets. This is any bullying that hurts someone’s body or damages their possessions, stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, and destroying property all are types of physical bullying. Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a target will experience, often bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence. In physical bullying the main weapon the bully uses is their body when attacking their target. Sometimes groups of adults will target. This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured, physical bullying can lead to a tragic ending and therefore must be stopped quickly to prevent any further escalation
31.
James Madison High School (Brooklyn)
–
James Madison High School is a public high school in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. It serves students in grades 9 through 12, and is in Region 6 of the New York City Department of Education, established in 1925, James Madison High School has graduated four Nobel Prize winners, famous musicians, authors, and athletes. Two sitting U. S. Senators, Bernie Sanders and Charles Schumer, are graduates, United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is also a graduate. James Madison High School is organized in accordance with the house system, there are eight houses, each having a Teacher Coordinator, a Guidance Counselor, and an Assistant Principal assigned to supervise and assist students. Most students who apply to James Madison High School have the opportunity to apply to a specific House and these include, Law Institute, The Law Institute is designed for successful Social Studies students. In addition to being taught reasoning and communication skills, the students develop an understanding of American Legal institutions, students in the Law House take classes/participate in activities such as Mock Trial, Moot Court, We The People, Legal Economics, Criminology Advanced Placement Economics. It is a program designed to promote an understanding of our legal system and help students develop an appreciation of the Constitution. Students will study about our government and laws in honors classes and will hone their skills by participation in moot courts, mock trials. We strive to have become active citizens and critical thinkers who are well-prepared for post-secondary education. Bio-Medical Institute, The Bio Medical Institution is a program for talented students interested in science, technology, engineering, the Bio Med House is composed of students and teachers who seek to understand the complex world around us. This program explores science through experimentation and hands-on experience, bio-med scholars enjoy small classes with like-minded students that work together throughout their high school experience. Students also participate in field trips, research experiments, sports teams and school events with friends, students are given a unique opportunity to explore and investigate a variety of mathematics topics and to participate in math related contests, events and trips. Project based coursework gives students opportunities to learn through experience, liberal Arts academy students take classes with like-minded students that work together throughout their high school experience. Students also participate in field trips, sports teams and school events with friends, information Technology House, One of the newer houses at Madison. House, it is one of the programs in NYC high schools that offers students the chance to take the Microsoft Word. House is a program at James Madison High School for talented students interested in technology, web design, programming. The International House, The International House for English Language Learners is a program at James Madison High School for students whose language is not English. The purpose of this program is to immerse students in the language, students will benefit from the support of an instructional program focused on developing literacy and language skills
32.
Fast food restaurant
–
A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951, arguably, the first fast food restaurants originated in the United States with A&W in 1919 and White Castle in 1921. Today, American-founded fast food such as McDonalds and KFC are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. Variations on the fast food restaurant concept include fast casual restaurants, Fast casual restaurants have higher sit-in ratios, and customers can sit and have their orders brought to them. Catering trucks often park just outside worksites and are popular with factory workers, some trace the modern history of fast food in America to 7 July 1912, with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the Automat in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its pre-prepared foods behind small glass windows, joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened the first Horn & Hardart Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, but their Automat at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurants were built around the country to deal with the demand, automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of food, with their slogan Less work for Mother. Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the production in, look of. The hamburger restaurant most associated by the public with the term fast food was created by two brothers originally from Nashua, New Hampshire, richard and Maurice McDonald opened a barbecue drive-in in 1940 in the city of San Bernardino, California. Their streamlined production method, which named the Speedee Service System was influenced by the production line innovations of Henry Ford. By 1954, The McDonald brothers stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer Prince Castles biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman Ray Kroc traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonalds concept, Kroc signed a agreement with the brothers. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonalds Corporation, One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a clean atmosphere was only part of Krocs grander plan which separated McDonalds from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success
33.
I'm Gonna Git You Sucka
–
Im Gonna Git You Sucka is a 1988 American action comedy parody film of blaxploitation films written, directed by, and starring Keenen Ivory Wayans in his feature film directorial debut. Featured in the film are several noteworthy African-American actors who were part of the genre of blaxploitation, Jim Brown, Bernie Casey, Antonio Fargas, and Isaac Hayes. Other actors in the film are Kadeem Hardison, Janet Dubois, John Witherspoon, Damon Wayans, Clarence Williams III, the films main villain, Mr. Big, was played by John Vernon. In the film, Vernon states about his role as Mr. Big that while he might seem to be playing an exploitation villain. Soldier Jack Spade returns home to Any Ghetto, U. S. A. after receiving news that his brother, Junebug, died of an “OG” – an overdosing on gold chains. Surveying the old neighborhood, Jack observes the effect of gold chains on his community and desires not only for his brother’s death. He vows to destroy Mr. Big, the neighborhood chain lord responsible for the epidemic that claimed Junebug’s life, Jack asks for the aid of his childhood idol and local hero John Slade in planning the demise of Mr. Big’s empire. Together, they form a team including Kung Fu Joe, Flyguy, Slammer, with the help of his crew, before Jack sets out to take down Mr. Big and the gold trade in his streets. The film was sitting with friends and making fun of the genre of films that struck an idea in Wayans, before making I’m Gonna Git You Sucka, Wayans spent five years earning credentials for films such as Hollywood Shuffle and Eddie Murphy Raw. The film opened with rave responses from the black community, African-American audience members were thrilled to attend the screening of movie filled with Black actors about a Black film genre. I’m Gonna Git You Sucka received critical receptions that were wide-ranging, to the urban public, the parody film perfectly captured the era of Blaxploitation films in the 1960s and 1970s. Critics also noted Wayans’ ability to capture the era of the “Buck” in Blaxploitation film. Soldier Jack Spade as a character represents the use of Black athletes in Black movies during the 1970s to promote the idea that heroic measures are valued by the amount of action used. Critics of the film argued that the not only failed at producing humor in its use of black stereotypes. The film’s villain, Mr. Bigg, is not only a white man, critics worried that the white male villain of the film would spur racial dialogue creating a divide among white and black film-goers. I’m Gonna Git You Sucka contains elements of power in its plot, action comedy. The film opens with a “gold chain” epidemic plaguing Any Ghetto, U. S. A. Black Nationalism is also an important teaching of Black power that the film makes evident in the People’s Revolutionary Army, and its contradictory pro-black leader Kalinga. Jack Spade himself does not embody self-determination at the film’s start, the character of Kung Fu Joe is representative of the prevalence of martial arts in the Black Power Movement during the 1970s
34.
Miami Vice
–
Miami Vice was an American television crime drama series created by Anthony Yerkovich and executive produced by Michael Mann for NBC. The series starred Don Johnson as James Sonny Crockett and Philip Michael Thomas as Ricardo Rico Tubbs, the series ran for five seasons on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The USA Network began airing reruns in 1988, and broadcast an originally unaired episode during its run of the series on January 25,1990. Unlike standard police procedurals, the show drew heavily upon 1980s New Wave culture, the show became noted for its integration of music and visual effects. It has been called one of the Top 50 TV Shows, people magazine stated that Miami Vice was the first show to look really new and different since color TV was invented. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Miami Vice as the 51st greatest American television show of all time, Michael Mann directed a film adaptation of the series, which was released on July 28,2006. The initial idea was for a movie about a pair of cops in Miami. Yerkovich then turned out a script for a pilot, titled Gold Coast. Yerkovich was immediately drawn to South Florida as a setting for his new-style police show, Miami Vice was one of the first American network television programs to be broadcast in stereophonic sound. It was mixed in stereo for its run, but not actually broadcast in stereo until 1985. In keeping with the namesake, most episodes focused on combating drug trafficking. Episodes often ended in a gun battle, claiming the lives of several criminals before they could be apprehended. An undercurrent of cynicism and futility underlies the entire series, the detectives repeatedly reference the Whac-A-Mole nature of drug interdiction, with its parade of drug cartels quickly replacing those that are apprehended. Co-executive producer Yerkovich explained, The choice of music and cinematography borrowed heavily from the emerging New Wave culture of the 1980s, as such, segments of Miami Vice would sometimes use music-based stanzas, a technique later featured in Baywatch. As Lee H. Katzin, one of the directors, remarked, The show is written for an MTV audience. These elements made the series into an instant hit, and in its first season saw an unprecedented fifteen Emmy Award nominations, while the first few episodes contained elements of a standard police procedural, the producers soon abandoned them in favor of a more distinctive style. Influenced by an Art Deco revival, no earth tones were allowed to be used in the production, mickey Rourke was also considered for the role, but he turned down the offer. Larry Wilcox, of CHiPs, was also a candidate for the role of Crockett, after dozens of candidates and a twice-delayed pilot shooting, Don Johnson and Philip Michael Thomas were chosen as the vice cops
35.
Eddie Murphy
–
Edward Regan Eddie Murphy is an American comedian, actor, writer, singer, and producer. Murphy was a regular cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1980 to 1984 and he has worked as a stand-up comedian and was ranked #10 on Comedy Centrals list of the 100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time. In films, Murphy has received Golden Globe Award nominations for his performances in 48 Hrs. the Beverly Hills Cop series, Trading Places, and The Nutty Professor. Murphys work as an actor in films includes Thurgood Stubbs in The PJs, Donkey in DreamWorks Shrek series. In some films, he plays multiple roles in addition to his character, intended as a tribute to one of his idols Peter Sellers. He has played roles in Coming to America, Wes Cravens Vampire in Brooklyn, the Nutty Professor films, Bowfinger, The Adventures of Pluto Nash, Norbit. As of 2014, Murphys films have grossed over $3.8 billion in the United States and Canada box office, in 2015, his films made him the 6th-highest grossing actor in the United States. Murphy was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Murphy was born in Brooklyn, New York City, and raised in the boroughs Bushwick neighborhood. His mother, Lillian, was an operator, and his father, Charles Edward Murphy, was a transit police officer. His father died when he was young and my mother and father broke up when I was three, and he died when I was eight, so I have very dim memories… He was a victim of the Murphy charm. I never got all the logistics and it was supposed to be one of those crimes of passion, If I cant have you, no one else will-kind of deal. Someone said to me one day, Thats why you dont trust women, what are you, a fucking psychiatrist. – Eddie Murphy When Murphys single mother became ill, the eight-year-old, in interviews, Murphy has said that his time in foster care was influential in developing his sense of humor. Later, he and his older brother Charlie were raised in Roosevelt, New York by his mother and stepfather Vernon Lynch, around the age of 15, Murphy was writing and performing his own routines, which were heavily influenced by Bill Cosby and Richard Pryor. His early comedy was characterized by frequent swearing and sketches lampooning a diverse group of people, Eddie Murphy was his first album, released in 1982. In Rolling Stones February 2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to date and it is customary to say that Eddie Murphy is the only reason SNL survived the five-year wilderness without Lorne Michaels, they noted. In 1982, Murphy made his big debut in the film 48 Hrs. with Nick Nolte. 48 Hrs. proved to be a hit when it was released in the Christmas season of 1982, Nolte was scheduled to host the December 11,1982, Christmas episode of Saturday Night Live, but became too ill to host, so Murphy took over
36.
Beverly Hills Cop II
–
Beverly Hills Cop II is a 1987 American action comedy film directed by Tony Scott, written by Larry Ferguson and Warren Skaaren and starring Eddie Murphy. It is the sequel to the 1984 film Beverly Hills Cop, although it made less money than the first film and received mixed reviews from critics, the film was still a box office success, making $153.7 million domestically. Aside from box office success, the film was nominated for an Academy Award and for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, Lutz also punishes Taggart and Rosewood by placing them on traffic duty. On the way home, Bogomil is shot and injured by Karla Fry, the chief hench-woman of Maxwell Dent, who secretly is the mastermind behind the Alphabet Crimes. Finding out about the shooting by a report, Axel Foley abandons his current undercover duties. Taggart and Rosewood agree to assist Axel because of Lutzs attempts to find an excuse to get them fired, posing as an undercover FBI agent to get past Lutz with the aid of Detective Jeffrey Friedman, Axel soon starts making the connection between the robberies and Dent. He first finds out that the ammunition fired at one of the robberies was designed by Charles Cain, Axel has Bogomils daughter Jan use her connections as an insurance agent to find out about Dents financial dealings. Dent is robbing his own businesses on purpose in order to finance firearms transactions with a dealer named Nikos Thomopolis and is discreetly using Cain as the front man for his operations. Bogomil was shot because his investigation was on the track into the case. Having foiled an attempt at a bank depot, Axel is able to trick Dents accountant Sidney Bernstein into using his computer and discovers that Dent. Axel also learns from Jan that all of Dents businesses have had their insurance coverage canceled and are about to go bankrupt except his race track, which he is convinced is the next target. On the way to the track, Axel solves the latest riddle sent to the police. However, Axel knows Cain is a designed to throw the authorities off Dents trail. The three arrive too late to stop the robbery and find Cain, shot by Karla, among those killed, the three get into a shootout with everyone involved in the deal. Dent confronts Axel in the warehouse, but Axel gets distracted by one of Dents henchmen on the roof above him and Dent gets away. Dent then crashes through the wall in his car and Axel shoots Dent through the windshield, sending his car down a hill and erupting in flames, Karla appears and is about to kill Axel, but is shot dead by Taggart. Just as the last thugs are about to flee, the police arrive upon the scene and arrest the rest of Dents thugs, Lutz and Mayor Egan arrive at the scene. Lutz tries to fire Rosewood and Taggart for their insubordination, however, both Taggart and Rosewood stand up to an infuriated Lutz and prove that Dent was the real Alphabet Bandit and the rest of the alphabet crimes were about an arms deal
37.
Chris Farley
–
Christopher Crosby Chris Farley was an American actor and comedian. Farley died of an overdose in 1997 at the age of 33. Farley was born on February 15,1964 in Madison, Wisconsin and his father, Thomas John Farley, Sr. owned an oil company, and his mother, Mary Anne, was a housewife. He had four siblings, Tom Jr. Kevin, John and his cousin, Jim, is the CEO and Chairman at Ford Motor Company Europe. Farleys family is Roman Catholic and of Irish and Scottish descent, according to Joel Murray, a fellow Second City cast member, Farley would always make it to Mass. Many of his summers were spent as a camper and counselor at Red Arrow Camp, near Minocqua and he graduated from Marquette University in 1986, with a concentration in communications and theater. At Marquette, he played rugby and discovered a love for comedy, after college, he worked with his father at the Scotch Oil Company in Madison. He got his start in comedy at the Ark Improv Theatre in Madison. He then performed at Chicagos Second City Theatre, initially as part of Second Citys touring group and he was eventually promoted to their main stage. Along with Chris Rock, Farley was one of two new Saturday Night Live cast members announced in the spring of 1990, on SNL, Farley frequently collaborated with his fellow cast members Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade, among others. This group came to be known as the Bad Boys of SNL, popular characters performed by Farley included Matt Foley, an over-the-top motivational speaker who constantly reminded other characters that he lived in a van, down by the river. The name of the character was drawn from a real friend of Farleys named Matt Foley. He later became a Catholic priest and appeared in the 2015 documentary I am Chris Farley, some of these characters were brought to SNL from his days at Second City. Off-screen, Farley was well known for his pranks in the offices of Saturday Night Live and he was also known to frequently get naked and do various stunts for laughs. Chris Rock once claimed that he probably saw Farleys private parts more than Farleys girlfriend did, Sandler told Conan OBrien on Late Night that NBC fired him and Farley from the show in 1995. During his time on SNL, Farley appeared in the comedy films Waynes World, Coneheads, Airheads and he also appeared in the Red Hot Chili Peppers music video for Soul to Squeeze, which was a song featured on the Coneheads soundtrack. After Farley and most of his fellow cast members were released from their contracts at Saturday Night Live following the 1994–1995 season and his first two major films co-starred his fellow SNL colleague and close friend David Spade. Together, the duo made the films Tommy Boy and Black Sheep and these were a success at the domestic box office, earning around $32 million each and gaining a large cult following on home video
38.
Adam Sandler
–
Adam Richard Sandler is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and musician. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion at the box office. He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish, Reign Over Me, Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career. Theyre All Gonna Laugh at You. and What the Hell Happened to Me. are both certified double-platinum, in 1999, Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions. Sandler was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1966, to Judith Judy, a school teacher, and Stanley Sandler. His family is Jewish and descends from Russian and Israeli immigrants on both sides and he grew up in Manchester, New Hampshire after moving there at the age of six. He attended Manchester Central High School, as a teen, Sandler was in BBYO, a popular Jewish youth group. Sandler graduated from New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in 1988, early in his career, Sandler played Theo Huxtables friend, Smitty in The Cosby Show and the Stud Boy or Trivia Delinquent in the MTV game show Remote Control. After his film debut Going Overboard in 1989, Sandler performed in comedy clubs and he was discovered by comedian Dennis Miller, who caught Sandlers act in Los Angeles and recommended him to Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Sandler told Conan OBrien on The Tonight Show that NBC fired him, in 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Chris Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi and he followed this film with Bulletproof, and the financially successful comedies Happy Gilmore and The Wedding Singer. He was initially cast in the bachelor-party-themed comedy/thriller Very Bad Things but had to back out due to his involvement in The Waterboy, although his earliest films did not receive critical praise, he started to receive more positive reviews, beginning with Punch-Drunk Love in 2002. Roger Eberts review of Punch-Drunk Love concluded that Sandler had been wasted in earlier films with poorly written scripts, Sandler has moved outside the genre of slapstick comedy to take on more serious parts such as the aforementioned Punch-Drunk Love, Spanglish and Reign Over Me. He played a father figure in Big Daddy. He returned to more dramatic fare with Mike Binders Reign Over Me and he starred with Kevin James in the film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Sandler headlined You Dont Mess with the Zohan, the film was written by Sandler, Judd Apatow, and Robert Smigel, it was directed by Dennis Dugan. It marked as Sandlers first family film and first film under the Walt Disney banner, in 2009, Sandler starred in Judd Apatows third directorial feature Funny People. The film was released on July 31,2009, Sandler appeared in Grown Ups, alongside Kevin James, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and David Spade
39.
Rob Schneider
–
Robert Michael Rob Schneider is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director. Schneider was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in the suburb of Pacifica. His parents are Pilar, a kindergarten teacher and ex-school board president, and Marvin Schneider. His father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic, Schneiders maternal grandmother was a Filipina who met and married his grandfather, a white American army private, while he was stationed in the Philippines. His mixed background is a theme in his comedy acts. His older brother, John, is a producer, Schneider graduated from Terra Nova High School in 1982. Schneider started his comedy career while still in high school, opening for San Francisco favorites Head On. After high school, he played Bay Area nightclubs such as the Holy City Zoo and The Other Cafe, after opening a show by comedian Dennis Miller in 1987, Schneider won a slot on HBOs 13th Annual Young Comedians special, which was hosted by Miller. Schneiders appearance on the HBO special led to a position as a writer for the late night NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, Schneider was hired at Saturday Night Live in 1988. Schneider swiftly graduated from writer and featured player to full cast member, from 1990 to 1994 at SNL, he played such roles as Tiny Elvis and Orgasm Guy. Schneider is featured in the video release The Bad Boys of Saturday Night Live, along with colleagues Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, David Spade, the Richmeister, an office worker who annoys people by giving them nicknames as they make copies. He also appeared in a part on the TV series Coach. In 1996, he co-starred in the NBC sit-com Men Behaving Badly, the U. S. version ran for two seasons. Schneider starred in the 1999 feature film Deuce Bigalow, Male Gigolo, the latter movie was not well received by critics or moviegoers, and as a result, Schneider won a 2005 Worst Actor Razzie Award for his role in the film. In 2006, Schneider co-starred in the family comedy The Benchwarmers. Other film roles include Schneiders appearance with Jim Hensons Muppets in the 1999 film Muppets from Space, Schneiders directorial debut, the comedy Big Stan, was released in some overseas markets during the fall of 2008, with a U. S. release in early 2009. In the film, he starred as a con artist who is arrested for perpetrating real-estate scams and he is sentenced to prison, so he takes a crash-course in martial arts to survive incarceration. Schneider has also appeared in numerous comedies starring his SNL comrade Adam Sandler, the comedic characters Schneider plays in these films include an overly enthusiastic Cajun man who proclaims the catch-phrase, You can do it
Media from Wikimedia Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
