1.
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
–
East Grand Rapids is a city in Kent County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The city is located in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located on the shores of Reeds Lake, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,694. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.40 square miles. Reeds Lake and Fisk Lake comprise most of the water area, as of the census of 2010, there were 10,694 people,3,818 households, and 3,009 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,649.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 3,977 housing units at an average density of 1,357.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 4% White,1. 1% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 5% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 5% of the population. 17. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.21. The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 31. 6% of residents were under the age of 18, 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44,31. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 9. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 3% male and 51. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 10,764 people,3,835 households, and 3,021 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,678.0 per square mile, there were 3,940 housing units at an average density of 1,346.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 99% White,0. 98% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 99% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 32% from other races, and 0. 59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 85% of the population,18. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the family size was 3.23. In the city, the population was out with 32. 5% under the age of 18,4. 6% from 18 to 24,27. 4% from 25 to 44,25. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $84,772, and the median income for a family was $98,967. Males had an income of $66,528 versus $42,383 for females
2.
Rhode Island School of Design
–
Rhode Island School of Design is a fine arts and design college located in Providence, in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. Founded in 1877, it is located at the base of College Hill, the two institutions share social, academic, and community resources and offer joint courses. Applicants to RISD are required to complete RISDs two-drawing hometest and it includes, on the Fall 2015 term, about 470 faculty and curators, and 400 staff members. About 2,014 undergraduates and 467 graduate students enroll from all over the United States and 57 other countries and it offers 16 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate majors. RISD is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design and it also maintains over 80,000 works of art in the RISD Museum. The Centennial Women were a group formed to raise funds for a separate Womens Pavilion showcasing womens work at the 1876 Centennial Exposition, the Rhode Island Centennial Women submitted their newspaper, Herald of the Century, to this Womens Pavilions library. At the end of the Worlds Fair, the RI Centennial Women had $1,675 left over, the school was incorporated in March 1877 and opened its doors the following fall at the Hoppin Homestead in downtown Providence, RI. Metcalf directed the school until her death in 1895 and her daughter, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, then took over until her death in 1931. The Rhode Island General Assembly ratified An Act to Incorporate the Rhode Island School of Design on March 22,1877, the systematic training of students in the practice of Art, in order that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others, or become artists. The general advancement of public Art Education, by the exhibition of works of Art and of Art school studies, Architecture – B. F. A. /B. Arch, M. Arch Ceramics – B. F. A. Interior Architecture – M. A. Department of Interior Architecture, Degree in Interior Studies, teaching & Learning in Art & Design – M. F. A. RISD is annually ranked as the top art and design school in the United States, U. S. News & World Report ranked RISD first amongst Fine Arts programs, above Yale University and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In 2015 and 2016, RISD has been ranked 3rd by the QS World University Rankings amongst Art & Design programs. Within subdivisions of Fine Arts, the school was ranked 1st in graphic design, printmaking and industrial design, 2nd in painting and its undergraduate architecture program ranked 7 in DesignIntelligences ranking of the Top Architecture Schools in the US for 2017. Concentrations at RISD do not confer a degree, they act like minors at other education institutions, History, Philosophy, Social Sciences English Art History Liberal Arts The RISD Museum houses a collection of fine and decorative art objects. The first public galleries opened in 1893, founded in 1878, the RISD Library is one of the oldest independent art college libraries in the country. Its more than 145,000 volumes and 380 periodical subscriptions offer unusual depth and richness in the areas of architecture, art, design, the collection provides strong historical and contemporary perspectives, and materials in landscape architecture, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry support upper-level research. The library is noted for its artist’s book collection, its rare books
3.
University of Michigan
–
The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
4.
Children's literature
–
Childrens literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children. Modern childrens literature is classified in two different ways, genre or the age of the reader. Childrens literature can be traced to stories and songs, part of an oral tradition. The development of childrens literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace. Even after printing became widespread, many childrens tales were originally created for adults. Since the 15th century, a quantity of literature, often with a moral or religious message, has been aimed specifically at children. The late nineteenth and early centuries became known as the Golden Age of Childrens Literature as this period included the publication of many books acknowledged today as classics. There is no single or widely used definition of childrens literature and it can be broadly defined as anything that children read or more specifically defined as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama intended for and used by children and young people. The International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature notes that the boundaries of genre. are not fixed but blurred, sometimes, no agreement can be reached about whether a given work is best categorized as literature for adults or children. Rowlings Harry Potter series was written and marketed for young adults, the series extreme popularity led The New York Times to create a separate best-seller list for childrens books. Despite the widespread association of childrens literature with picture books, spoken narratives existed before printing, seth Lerer, in the opening of Childrens Literature, A Readers History from Aesop to Harry Potter, says, This book presents a history of what children have heard and read. The history I write of is a history of reception, early childrens literature consisted of spoken stories, songs, and poems that were used to educate, instruct, and entertain children. It was only in the 18th century, with the development of the concept of childhood, that a genre of childrens literature began to emerge, with its own divisions, expectations. French historian Philippe Ariès argues in his 1962 book Centuries of Childhood that the concept of childhood only emerged in recent times. He explains that children were in the past not considered as different from adults and were not given significantly different treatment. Pre-modern childrens literature, therefore, tended to be of a didactic and moralistic nature, with the purpose of conveying conduct-related, educational, during the 17th century, the concept of childhood began to emerge in Europe. Adults saw children as separate beings, innocent and in need of protection, the English philosopher John Locke developed his theory of the tabula rasa in his 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. A corollary of this doctrine was that the mind of the child was born blank, and he also suggested that picture books be created for children
5.
Picture book
–
A picture book combines visual and verbal narratives in a book format, most often aimed at young children. The images in picture books use a range of such as oil paints, acrylics, watercolor. Two of the earliest books with something like the picture books still retain now were Heinrich Hoffmanns Struwwelpeter from 1845. Some of the picture books are Robert McCloskeys Make Way for Ducklings, Dr. Seuss The Cat In The Hat. The Caldecott Medal and Kate Greenaway Medal are awarded annually for illustrations in childrens literature, from the mid-1960s several childrens literature awards include a category for picture books. Some picture books are published with content aimed at children or even adults. Tibet, Through the Red Box, by Peter Sis, is one example of a book aimed at an adult audience. There are several subgenres among picture books, including books, concept books, early readers, nursery rhymes. Another category is movable books, such as books, which employ paper engineering to make parts of the page pop up or stand up when pages are opened. The Wheels on the Bus, by Paul O. Zelinsky, is one example of a bestseller pop-up picture book, orbis Pictus from 1658 by John Amos Comenius was the earliest illustrated book specifically for children. It is something of an encyclopedia and is illustrated by woodcuts. A Little Pretty Pocket-Book from 1744 by John Newbery was the earliest illustrated storybook marketed as pleasure reading in English, the German childrens books Struwwelpeter from 1845 by Heinrich Hoffmann, and Max and Moritz from 1865 by Wilhelm Busch, were among the earliest examples of modern picturebook design. Andrew Langs twelve Fairy Books published between 1889 and 1910 were illustrated by among others Henry J. Ford and Lancelot Speed, lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland, illustrated by John Tenniel in 1866 was one of the first highly successful entertainment books for children. Toy books were introduced in the half of the 19th century. These had a proportion of pictures to words than earlier books. Heath Robinson, Howard Pyle, or Charles Robinson, generally, these illustrated books had eight to twelve pages of illustrated pictures or plates accompanying a classic childrens storybook. Beatrix Potters The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published in 1902 to immediate success, Peter Rabbit was Potters first of many The Tale of. Including The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin, The Tale of Benjamin Bunny, The Tale of Tom Kitten, swedish author Elsa Beskow wrote and illustrated some 40 childrens stories and picture books between 1897–1952
6.
Jumanji (picture book)
–
Jumanji is a 1981 fantasy childrens picture book, written and illustrated by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. It was made into a 1995 film of the same name, Jumanji star Robin Williams claimed jumanji is a Zulu word meaning many effects, and Van Allsburg does as well. Fritz, a bull terrier in all of Chris Van Allsburgs books, while their parents are out for the evening, Judy and Peter Shepherd, after playing with some toys, become bored and dont know what to do so they go to the park. There they find a jungle adventure game called Jumanji, which seems to have been abandoned and they take Jumanji home and find a warning message, Do not begin unless you intend to finish. They start playing, only to discover that the game is real, when Peter rolls on a lion, a real lion appears, which Judy and Peter trap in their mothers bedroom. Judy rolls on a stampede, Peter rolls on a monsoon, still they continue to play, hoping that by finishing the game everything will go back to normal. The game finally ends when Judy rolls a volcano and yells JUMANJI, in an instant everything is back to normal, and the siblings quickly return the game to the park before their parents finally return. Jumanji, a 1995 film based on this story, unlike the short story, the film has adult characters that didnt appear in the original short story like Alan Parrish, Sarah Whittle, Officer Carl Bentley, Aunt Nora and a hunter named Van Pelt. The drumbeats in the game are heard far away, which never happened in the book, Jumanji, an animated TV series roughly based on the book and the film, which ran from 1996 to 1999. A continuation of the 1995 film, titled Jumanji, Welcome to the Jungle is planned for 2017, Zathura, published in 2002, is a sequel to Jumanji, also written by Van Allsburg. It has also adapted to film. In Zathura, Danny and Walter —from the end of the Jumanji story—find a magic board game, Zathura is science fiction and Jumanji is mentioned
7.
The Polar Express
–
The Polar Express is a childrens book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American childrens picture book in 1986, the book is set partially in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the authors home town. It was adapted as an Oscar-nominated motion-capture film in 2004 starring Tom Hanks, a young boy, who used to adore Christmas, hears a train whistle roar. To his astonishment, he finds the train is waiting for him and he sees a conductor who then proceeds to look up at his window. He runs downstairs and goes outside, the conductor explains the train is called the Polar Express, and is journeying to the North Pole. The boy then boards the train, which is filled with chocolate and candy, as the train reaches the North Pole, the boy and the other children see thousands of Christmas elves gathered at the center of town waiting to send Santa Claus on his way. The boy is handpicked by Santa to receive the first gift of Christmas, realizing that he could choose anything in the world, the boy asks for one bell from one of the reindeers harnesses. The boy places the bell in the pocket of his robe, later, on the train ride home, the boy discovers that the bell has fallen through a hole in his pocket. The boy arrives home and goes to his bedroom as the train pulls away, on Christmas morning, his sister finds a small package for the boy under the tree, behind all of the other gifts. The boy opens the box and discovers that it is the bell, when the boy rings the bell, both he and his sister marvel at the beautiful sound. His parents, however, are unable to hear the bell, the book ends with the following line, At one time, most of my friends could hear the bell, but as years passed, it fell silent for all of them. Even Sarah found one Christmas that she could no longer hear its sweet sound, though Ive grown old, the bell still rings for me, as it does for all who truly believe. Allsburg based the story on an image of a child wandering into the woods on a foggy night. He played on the engine as a child when it was on display and was inspired by the number 1225, the real 1225 was used to create the animated image of the engine and all the locomotive sounds were recorded from the 1225. In 1986, The Polar Express was awarded the Caldecott Medal, by 1989 a million copies had been sold - more each year than the last - and the book had made the bestseller list four years in a row. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the one of its Teachers Top 100 Books for Children
8.
Zathura
–
Zathura is an illustrated childrens book by the American author Chris Van Allsburg as well as the title of a 2005 film based on the book. Two boys are drawn into an adventure when their house is magically hurled through space. The book is a sequel to Jumanji, another illustrated book by Van Allsburg, as Zathura starts, the parents of two brothers, Walter and Danny Budwing, are leaving, but Walter and Danny dont get along with each other. Danny wants to catch, while Walter wants to watch T. V. Danny tosses Walter a baseball which hits him on the head. Walter then chases Danny through the house and catches him in the park across the street from their house, Zathura is an adventure game in outer space two kids named Walter and Danny. Danny brings the game home, where Danny then loses interest in playing it, Danny then finds another board game called Zathura, A Space Adventure. Danny starts playing Zathura, then he gets a card that says, Meteor shower, Danny and Walter soon realize the game sent them into outer space. Walter and Danny start playing the game Zathura, since the game wont take them home unless they finish it, soon, Walter loses his gravity and Danny saves him from disappearing into space. When Walter takes his turn, a defective robot chases him through the house, when Danny takes his turn, he gets close to a planet called Tsouris 3 and gets shorter and wider. Soon, a Zorgon ship appears and Zorgons board their house, the robot chases the Zorgons away as Walter takes his turn and gets sucked into a black hole to go back in time. Walter goes back to the time where he catches Danny in the park, Danny finds Jumanji and looks at it, and is about to take it home, but Walter grabs the game and shoves it into the trash, implying that he has played the game before. Finally, the ends with Walters offering to play catch. A film adaptation of the book was made in 2005, despite being a box office bomb, it garnered a 75% on Rotten Tomatoes and received positive reviews. Zathura, like Jumanji, is a game that sucks the players in. As the game starts, the area is transported in space. However, unlike actual space, they have breathing air and their playing area has its own gravity. Zathura, as revealed in the end, is actually a black hole that appears when the players win. Unlike Jumanji, its not played with dice, but rather by simply pushing the button, a key is required to be flipped over every time before the button can be pushed
9.
Caldecott Medal
–
The Randolph Caldecott Medal annually recognizes the preceding years most distinguished American picture book for children, beginning with 1937 publications. It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children, the Caldecott and Newbery Medals are the most prestigious American childrens book awards. The award is named for Randolph Caldecott, a nineteenth-century English illustrator, rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937. The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecotts front cover illustration for The Diverting History of John Gilpin, the reverse is based on Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie, one of Caldecotts illustrations for the nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence. Beside the Caldecott Medal, the awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up. The Honor was introduced in 1971, but some runners-up had been identified annually, the number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five, and it had been two to four since 1994, until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, the artist must be a US citizen or resident and the illustrations must be original to the book, which must be published first or simultaneously in the US in English during the preceding year. A picture book provides a visual experience, a picture book has a collective unity of story-line, theme, or concept, developed through the series of pictures that constitute the book. Picture books for any audience up to age 14 should be considered, the Medal is for distinguished illustrations in a picture book and for excellence of pictorial presentation for children. The book must be self-contained, independent of media for its enjoyment. Components other than illustration should be considered as they bear on effectiveness as a picture book. The committee that decides on the Caldecott Award winner comprises fifteen members, eight are elected by the entire ALSC membership and seven including the chairperson are appointed by the ALSC President. Many publishers send copies of books to the committee,2009 members each received more than 700, to help identify possible contenders, the chairperson generally asks for committee members to identify strong contenders each month. In the fall each member of the committee may formally nominate seven books, publications late in the year should receive equal consideration. As of 2009/2010 each committee member must nominate three and no books in October, two in November, two in December, and January identification of worthy December publications is solicited. The latest winner of the Caldecott Medal, awarded in 2016, is Sophie Blackall for Finding Winnie, The True Story of the World’s Most Famous Bear, the 2016 committee named four Caldecott Honor Books. The annual number of runners-up has ranged from one to six, same as for the Newbery Medal during the same timespan, indeed, for twenty years from 1993 to 2012 there were two to four Honors every year. Robert Lawson alone has won both a Caldecott Medal and a Newbery Medal, the 1941 Caldecott for They Were Strong and Good and he both wrote and illustrated both books
10.
Americans
–
Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
