1.
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
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East Grand Rapids is a city in Kent County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The city is located in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located on the shores of Reeds Lake, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,694. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.40 square miles. Reeds Lake and Fisk Lake comprise most of the water area, as of the census of 2010, there were 10,694 people,3,818 households, and 3,009 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,649.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 3,977 housing units at an average density of 1,357.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 4% White,1. 1% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 5% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 5% of the population. 17. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.21. The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 31. 6% of residents were under the age of 18, 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44,31. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 9. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 3% male and 51. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 10,764 people,3,835 households, and 3,021 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,678.0 per square mile, there were 3,940 housing units at an average density of 1,346.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 99% White,0. 98% African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 99% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 32% from other races, and 0. 59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 85% of the population,18. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the family size was 3.23. In the city, the population was out with 32. 5% under the age of 18,4. 6% from 18 to 24,27. 4% from 25 to 44,25. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $84,772, and the median income for a family was $98,967. Males had an income of $66,528 versus $42,383 for females
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
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East Grand Rapids, Michigan
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
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East Grand Rapids is centered on
Reeds Lake.
East Grand Rapids, Michigan
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East Grand Rapids is known for its affluence and lakefront
mansions.
2.
Rhode Island School of Design
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Rhode Island School of Design is a fine arts and design college located in Providence, in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. Founded in 1877, it is located at the base of College Hill, the two institutions share social, academic, and community resources and offer joint courses. Applicants to RISD are required to complete RISDs two-drawing hometest and it includes, on the Fall 2015 term, about 470 faculty and curators, and 400 staff members. About 2,014 undergraduates and 467 graduate students enroll from all over the United States and 57 other countries and it offers 16 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate majors. RISD is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design and it also maintains over 80,000 works of art in the RISD Museum. The Centennial Women were a group formed to raise funds for a separate Womens Pavilion showcasing womens work at the 1876 Centennial Exposition, the Rhode Island Centennial Women submitted their newspaper, Herald of the Century, to this Womens Pavilions library. At the end of the Worlds Fair, the RI Centennial Women had $1,675 left over, the school was incorporated in March 1877 and opened its doors the following fall at the Hoppin Homestead in downtown Providence, RI. Metcalf directed the school until her death in 1895 and her daughter, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, then took over until her death in 1931. The Rhode Island General Assembly ratified An Act to Incorporate the Rhode Island School of Design on March 22,1877, the systematic training of students in the practice of Art, in order that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others, or become artists. The general advancement of public Art Education, by the exhibition of works of Art and of Art school studies, Architecture – B. F. A. /B. Arch, M. Arch Ceramics – B. F. A. Interior Architecture – M. A. Department of Interior Architecture, Degree in Interior Studies, teaching & Learning in Art & Design – M. F. A. RISD is annually ranked as the top art and design school in the United States, U. S. News & World Report ranked RISD first amongst Fine Arts programs, above Yale University and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In 2015 and 2016, RISD has been ranked 3rd by the QS World University Rankings amongst Art & Design programs. Within subdivisions of Fine Arts, the school was ranked 1st in graphic design, printmaking and industrial design, 2nd in painting and its undergraduate architecture program ranked 7 in DesignIntelligences ranking of the Top Architecture Schools in the US for 2017. Concentrations at RISD do not confer a degree, they act like minors at other education institutions, History, Philosophy, Social Sciences English Art History Liberal Arts The RISD Museum houses a collection of fine and decorative art objects. The first public galleries opened in 1893, founded in 1878, the RISD Library is one of the oldest independent art college libraries in the country. Its more than 145,000 volumes and 380 periodical subscriptions offer unusual depth and richness in the areas of architecture, art, design, the collection provides strong historical and contemporary perspectives, and materials in landscape architecture, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry support upper-level research. The library is noted for its artist’s book collection, its rare books
Rhode Island School of Design
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Museum of Art
Rhode Island School of Design
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Rhode Island School of Design
Rhode Island School of Design
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RISD Memorial Hall
Rhode Island School of Design
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RISD auditorium
3.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
University of Michigan
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University of Michigan (1855)
Jasper Francis Cropsey
University of Michigan
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Seal of the University of Michigan
University of Michigan
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The Central Campus Diag, viewed from the Graduate Library, looking North
University of Michigan
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Law Library Interior
4.
Picture books
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A picture book combines visual and verbal narratives in a book format, most often aimed at young children. The images in picture books use a range of such as oil paints, acrylics, watercolor. Two of the earliest books with something like the picture books still retain now were Heinrich Hoffmanns Struwwelpeter from 1845. Some of the picture books are Robert McCloskeys Make Way for Ducklings, Dr. Seuss The Cat In The Hat. The Caldecott Medal and Kate Greenaway Medal are awarded annually for illustrations in childrens literature, from the mid-1960s several childrens literature awards include a category for picture books. Some picture books are published with content aimed at children or even adults. Tibet, Through the Red Box, by Peter Sis, is one example of a book aimed at an adult audience. There are several subgenres among picture books, including books, concept books, early readers, nursery rhymes. Another category is movable books, such as books, which employ paper engineering to make parts of the page pop up or stand up when pages are opened. The Wheels on the Bus, by Paul O. Zelinsky, is one example of a bestseller pop-up picture book, orbis Pictus from 1658 by John Amos Comenius was the earliest illustrated book specifically for children. It is something of an encyclopedia and is illustrated by woodcuts. A Little Pretty Pocket-Book from 1744 by John Newbery was the earliest illustrated storybook marketed as pleasure reading in English, the German childrens books Struwwelpeter from 1845 by Heinrich Hoffmann, and Max and Moritz from 1865 by Wilhelm Busch, were among the earliest examples of modern picturebook design. Andrew Langs twelve Fairy Books published between 1889 and 1910 were illustrated by among others Henry J. Ford and Lancelot Speed, lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland, illustrated by John Tenniel in 1866 was one of the first highly successful entertainment books for children. Toy books were introduced in the half of the 19th century. These had a proportion of pictures to words than earlier books. Heath Robinson, Howard Pyle, or Charles Robinson, generally, these illustrated books had eight to twelve pages of illustrated pictures or plates accompanying a classic childrens storybook. Beatrix Potters The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published in 1902 to immediate success, Peter Rabbit was Potters first of many The Tale of. Including The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin, The Tale of Benjamin Bunny, The Tale of Tom Kitten, swedish author Elsa Beskow wrote and illustrated some 40 childrens stories and picture books between 1897–1952
Picture books
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Peter Rabbit with his family, from
The Tale of Peter Rabbit by
Beatrix Potter, 1902
Picture books
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A reprint of the 1658 illustrated
Orbis Pictus
Picture books
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Cover of
Babes in the Wood, illustrated by
Randolph Caldecott
Picture books
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Title page from
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by
L. Frank Baum from 1900
5.
Jumanji (picture book)
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Jumanji is a 1981 fantasy childrens picture book, written and illustrated by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. It was made into a 1995 film of the same name, Jumanji star Robin Williams claimed jumanji is a Zulu word meaning many effects, and Van Allsburg does as well. Fritz, a bull terrier in all of Chris Van Allsburgs books, while their parents are out for the evening, Judy and Peter Shepherd, after playing with some toys, become bored and dont know what to do so they go to the park. There they find a jungle adventure game called Jumanji, which seems to have been abandoned and they take Jumanji home and find a warning message, Do not begin unless you intend to finish. They start playing, only to discover that the game is real, when Peter rolls on a lion, a real lion appears, which Judy and Peter trap in their mothers bedroom. Judy rolls on a stampede, Peter rolls on a monsoon, still they continue to play, hoping that by finishing the game everything will go back to normal. The game finally ends when Judy rolls a volcano and yells JUMANJI, in an instant everything is back to normal, and the siblings quickly return the game to the park before their parents finally return. Jumanji, a 1995 film based on this story, unlike the short story, the film has adult characters that didnt appear in the original short story like Alan Parrish, Sarah Whittle, Officer Carl Bentley, Aunt Nora and a hunter named Van Pelt. The drumbeats in the game are heard far away, which never happened in the book, Jumanji, an animated TV series roughly based on the book and the film, which ran from 1996 to 1999. A continuation of the 1995 film, titled Jumanji, Welcome to the Jungle is planned for 2017, Zathura, published in 2002, is a sequel to Jumanji, also written by Van Allsburg. It has also adapted to film. In Zathura, Danny and Walter —from the end of the Jumanji story—find a magic board game, Zathura is science fiction and Jumanji is mentioned
Jumanji (picture book)
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Jumanji
6.
The Polar Express
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The Polar Express is a childrens book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American childrens picture book in 1986, the book is set partially in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the authors home town. It was adapted as an Oscar-nominated motion-capture film in 2004 starring Tom Hanks, a young boy, who used to adore Christmas, hears a train whistle roar. To his astonishment, he finds the train is waiting for him and he sees a conductor who then proceeds to look up at his window. He runs downstairs and goes outside, the conductor explains the train is called the Polar Express, and is journeying to the North Pole. The boy then boards the train, which is filled with chocolate and candy, as the train reaches the North Pole, the boy and the other children see thousands of Christmas elves gathered at the center of town waiting to send Santa Claus on his way. The boy is handpicked by Santa to receive the first gift of Christmas, realizing that he could choose anything in the world, the boy asks for one bell from one of the reindeers harnesses. The boy places the bell in the pocket of his robe, later, on the train ride home, the boy discovers that the bell has fallen through a hole in his pocket. The boy arrives home and goes to his bedroom as the train pulls away, on Christmas morning, his sister finds a small package for the boy under the tree, behind all of the other gifts. The boy opens the box and discovers that it is the bell, when the boy rings the bell, both he and his sister marvel at the beautiful sound. His parents, however, are unable to hear the bell, the book ends with the following line, At one time, most of my friends could hear the bell, but as years passed, it fell silent for all of them. Even Sarah found one Christmas that she could no longer hear its sweet sound, though Ive grown old, the bell still rings for me, as it does for all who truly believe. Allsburg based the story on an image of a child wandering into the woods on a foggy night. He played on the engine as a child when it was on display and was inspired by the number 1225, the real 1225 was used to create the animated image of the engine and all the locomotive sounds were recorded from the 1225. In 1986, The Polar Express was awarded the Caldecott Medal, by 1989 a million copies had been sold - more each year than the last - and the book had made the bestseller list four years in a row. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the one of its Teachers Top 100 Books for Children
The Polar Express
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The Polar Express
7.
Zathura
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Zathura is an illustrated childrens book by the American author Chris Van Allsburg as well as the title of a 2005 film based on the book. Two boys are drawn into an adventure when their house is magically hurled through space. The book is a sequel to Jumanji, another illustrated book by Van Allsburg, as Zathura starts, the parents of two brothers, Walter and Danny Budwing, are leaving, but Walter and Danny dont get along with each other. Danny wants to catch, while Walter wants to watch T. V. Danny tosses Walter a baseball which hits him on the head. Walter then chases Danny through the house and catches him in the park across the street from their house, Zathura is an adventure game in outer space two kids named Walter and Danny. Danny brings the game home, where Danny then loses interest in playing it, Danny then finds another board game called Zathura, A Space Adventure. Danny starts playing Zathura, then he gets a card that says, Meteor shower, Danny and Walter soon realize the game sent them into outer space. Walter and Danny start playing the game Zathura, since the game wont take them home unless they finish it, soon, Walter loses his gravity and Danny saves him from disappearing into space. When Walter takes his turn, a defective robot chases him through the house, when Danny takes his turn, he gets close to a planet called Tsouris 3 and gets shorter and wider. Soon, a Zorgon ship appears and Zorgons board their house, the robot chases the Zorgons away as Walter takes his turn and gets sucked into a black hole to go back in time. Walter goes back to the time where he catches Danny in the park, Danny finds Jumanji and looks at it, and is about to take it home, but Walter grabs the game and shoves it into the trash, implying that he has played the game before. Finally, the ends with Walters offering to play catch. A film adaptation of the book was made in 2005, despite being a box office bomb, it garnered a 75% on Rotten Tomatoes and received positive reviews. Zathura, like Jumanji, is a game that sucks the players in. As the game starts, the area is transported in space. However, unlike actual space, they have breathing air and their playing area has its own gravity. Zathura, as revealed in the end, is actually a black hole that appears when the players win. Unlike Jumanji, its not played with dice, but rather by simply pushing the button, a key is required to be flipped over every time before the button can be pushed
Zathura
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Zathura
8.
Caldecott Medal
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The Randolph Caldecott Medal annually recognizes the preceding years most distinguished American picture book for children, beginning with 1937 publications. It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children, the Caldecott and Newbery Medals are the most prestigious American childrens book awards. The award is named for Randolph Caldecott, a nineteenth-century English illustrator, rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937. The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecotts front cover illustration for The Diverting History of John Gilpin, the reverse is based on Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie, one of Caldecotts illustrations for the nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence. Beside the Caldecott Medal, the awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up. The Honor was introduced in 1971, but some runners-up had been identified annually, the number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five, and it had been two to four since 1994, until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, the artist must be a US citizen or resident and the illustrations must be original to the book, which must be published first or simultaneously in the US in English during the preceding year. A picture book provides a visual experience, a picture book has a collective unity of story-line, theme, or concept, developed through the series of pictures that constitute the book. Picture books for any audience up to age 14 should be considered, the Medal is for distinguished illustrations in a picture book and for excellence of pictorial presentation for children. The book must be self-contained, independent of media for its enjoyment. Components other than illustration should be considered as they bear on effectiveness as a picture book. The committee that decides on the Caldecott Award winner comprises fifteen members, eight are elected by the entire ALSC membership and seven including the chairperson are appointed by the ALSC President. Many publishers send copies of books to the committee,2009 members each received more than 700, to help identify possible contenders, the chairperson generally asks for committee members to identify strong contenders each month. In the fall each member of the committee may formally nominate seven books, publications late in the year should receive equal consideration. As of 2009/2010 each committee member must nominate three and no books in October, two in November, two in December, and January identification of worthy December publications is solicited. The latest winner of the Caldecott Medal, awarded in 2016, is Sophie Blackall for Finding Winnie, The True Story of the World’s Most Famous Bear, the 2016 committee named four Caldecott Honor Books. The annual number of runners-up has ranged from one to six, same as for the Newbery Medal during the same timespan, indeed, for twenty years from 1993 to 2012 there were two to four Honors every year. Robert Lawson alone has won both a Caldecott Medal and a Newbery Medal, the 1941 Caldecott for They Were Strong and Good and he both wrote and illustrated both books
Caldecott Medal
–
Caldecott Medal
9.
American people
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Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
American people
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John F. Kennedy (Irish)
American people
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Flag of the United States
American people
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George Washington (English)
American people
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Frank Sinatra (Italian)
10.
Hans Christian Andersen Award
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The writing award was inaugurated in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is called the Nobel Prize for childrens literature. Medals are presented by the Queen of Denmark at the biennial IBBY Congress, national Sections of IBBY may nominate one author and one illustrator each and the panel considers only those nominees. For the 2012 HCA Awards,27 authors and 30 illustrators were nominated by 32 nations, national sections also nominate the judges. The 2012 panel comprised president María Jesús Gil Iglesia of Spain, Award winners are announced at the annual Bologna Childrens Book Fair, in March or April. For 2012, five finalists for each award were announced 12 March 2012, during April 2013 IBBY announced 29 writers and 31 illustrators nominated for the 2014 awards. On 17 March 2014 IBBY announced the shortlists of six writers and six illustrators for the 2014 awards, to be announced one week later, in early 2016 IBBY announced the shortlists of 5 writers and 5 illustrators for the 2016 awards, to be announced on 4 April. The award for authors was inaugurated in 1956 as the only Hans Christian Andersen Award and it has been conferred 30 times through 2012 including two awards in 1968. G. Jella Lepman established the International Youth Library in Munich in 1949 and called the 1952 conference International Understanding through Childrens Books that initiated IBBY. Lepman served as president for the first three Andersen Awards,1956 to 1960, and remained on the jury until her death in 1970, as the President of IBBY. Current four-year terms cover two award cycles
Hans Christian Andersen Award
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Hans Christian Andersen Medal (obverse, featuring a bust of Andersen)
Hans Christian Andersen Award
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Tove Jansson, 1966 recipient for writing, with
Mumintroll dolls
Hans Christian Andersen Award
–
David Almond, 2010 recipient for writing
Hans Christian Andersen Award
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Collections
11.
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U. S. state of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, and one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England, after Boston, Providence has a city population of 179,154, it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts. The Providence metropolitan area has an population of 1,604,291. This can be considered, in turn, to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area, Providence was founded by Roger Williams, a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of Gods merciful Providence, which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him, the city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay. Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its tool, jewelry. The city was nicknamed the Beehive of Industry, it began rebranding itself as the Creative Capital in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources. The area that is now Providence was first settled in June 1636 by Roger Williams and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies of the United States, Williams and his company felt compelled to withdraw from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Providence quickly became a refuge for persecuted religious dissenters, as Williams himself had been exiled from Massachusetts, Providence residents were among the first Patriots to spill blood in the leadup to the American Revolution during the Gaspée Affair of 1772. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4,1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29,1790, following the war, Providence was the countrys ninth-largest city with 7,614 people. The economy shifted from maritime endeavors to manufacturing, in particular machinery, tools, silverware, jewelry, by the start of the 20th century, Providence boasted some of the largest manufacturing plants in the country, including Brown & Sharpe, Nicholson File, and Gorham Silverware. Providence residents ratified a city charter in 1831 as the population passed 17,000. From its incorporation as a city in 1832 until 1878, the seat of city government was located in the Market House, located in Market Square, the city offices quickly outgrew this building, and the City Council resolved to create a permanent municipal building in 1845. The city offices moved into the City Hall in 1878, during the Civil War, local politics split over slavery as many had ties to Southern cotton. Despite ambivalence concerning the war, the number of military volunteers routinely exceeded quota, by the early 1900s, Providence was one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. Immigrant labor powered one of the nations largest industrial manufacturing centers, Providence was a major manufacturer of industrial products from steam engines to precision tools to silverware, screws, and textiles. From 1975 until 1982, $606 million of local and national Community Development funds were invested throughout the city.4 million ft² Providence Place Mall, despite new investment, poverty remains an entrenched problem as it does in most post-industrial New England cities
Providence, Rhode Island
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From top left:
Downtown Providence skyline and the
Providence River from the
Point Street Bridge,
Federal Hill,
University Hall at
Brown University,
Roger Williams Park, the
First Baptist Church in America,
WaterFire at
Waterplace Park, and the
Rhode Island State House.
Providence, Rhode Island
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First Baptist Church in America, founded 1638, present building occupied in 1776, is the oldest Baptist congregation in America
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence in the mid-nineteenth century
Providence, Rhode Island
–
Market Square was the center of civic life in the 19th Century, and
Market House was home to the city council before
City Hall was built.
12.
Conversion to Judaism
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The procedure and requirements for conversion depend on the sponsoring denomination. A conversion in accordance with the process of a denomination is not a guarantee of recognition by another denomination, in some cases, a person may forgo a formal conversion to Judaism and adopt some or all beliefs and practices of Judaism. However, without a conversion, many highly observant Jews will reject a converts Jewish status. There are some groups that have adopted Jewish customs and practices, for example, in Russia the Subbotniks have adopted most aspects of Judaism without formal conversion to Judaism. However, if Subbotniks, or anyone without a conversion, wish to marry into a traditional Jewish community or immigrate to Israel. A male convert to Judaism is referred to by the Hebrew word ger, the word is rendered by the Greek proselyte as used in the Septuagint to denote a stranger. In Karaite Judaism a Ger is a non-Jew who has yet to convert to Judaism. After a Ger converts to Judaism, they are no longer considered a Ger, the word ger comes from the Hebrew verb lagur meaning to reside or to sojourn. In the Hebrew Bible ger is defined as a foreigner, or sojourner, Rabbi Marc Angel writes, The Hebrew ger literally means resident and refers to a non-Israelite who lived among the Israelite community. When the Torah commands compassion and equal justice for the ger, Rabbinic tradition interpreted the word ger as referring to proselytes. The Jews were not converts in Egypt, but rather foreigners, another passage which may be relevant to a process of conversion involves non-Jewish women captured in war who could be adopted forcibly as wives. Another verse which has interpreted as referring to non-Jews converting to Judaism is Esther 8,17. In Modern Hebrew, ger refers to a convert to Judaism, according to Maimonides, converts were accepted since the beginning of Jewish history, and the foreign wives of Jewish leaders - such as Samson and Solomon - were converts. For Rabbinic Judaism, the laws governing conversion are based on codes of law and texts, including discussions in the Talmud, through the Shulkhan Arukh and these rules are held as authoritative by Orthodox Judaism and Conservative Judaism. Jewish law is interpreted as somewhat discouraging proselytizing, and religious gerut is also somewhat discouraged. In the past, rabbis often rejected potential converts three times, and if they remained adamant in their desire to convert, they would allow them to begin the process. However, a rabbi convinced of the prospective converts sincerity may allow him or her to follow the process of conversion and this requires the person to appear before an established three-judge Jewish religious court known as a beth din to be tested and formally accepted. Conservative Judaism takes a lenient approach in application of the halakhic rules than Modern Orthodox Judaism
Conversion to Judaism
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Naomi entreating Ruth and Orpah to return to the land of Moab by William Blake, 1795
Conversion to Judaism
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A portion of the
Pentateuch in Hebrew, British Library Oriental MS. 1,497 containing Numbers 6:3-10, dated 12th century. Lines of the Pentateuch alternate with the
Targum ascribed to
Onkelos (a convert to Judaism)
13.
C. S. Lewis
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Clive Staples Lewis was a British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, broadcaster, lecturer, and Christian apologist. He held academic positions at both Oxford University and Cambridge University, Lewis and fellow novelist J. R. R. Tolkien were close friends. They both served on the English faculty at Oxford University, and were active in the informal Oxford literary group known as the Inklings, according to Lewiss memoir Surprised by Joy, he was baptised in the Church of Ireland, but fell away from his faith during adolescence. Lewis returned to Anglicanism at the age of 32, owing to the influence of Tolkien and other friends and his faith profoundly affected his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim. In 1956, he married American writer Joy Davidman, she died of cancer four years later at the age of 45, Lewis died on 22 November 1963 from renal failure, one week before his 65th birthday. In 2013, on the 50th anniversary of his death, Lewis was honoured with a memorial in Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey, Lewiss works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have sold millions of copies. The books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia have sold the most and have been popularised on stage, TV, radio and his works entered the public domain in 2014 in countries where copyright expires 50 years after the death of the creator, such as Canada. Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on 29 November 1898 and his father was Albert James Lewis, a solicitor whose father Richard had come to Ireland from Wales during the mid-19th century. His mother was Florence Augusta Lewis, née Hamilton, known as Flora and he had an elder brother, Warren Hamilton Lewis. When he was four, his dog Jacksie was killed by a car, at first, he would answer to no other name, but later accepted Jack, the name by which he was known to friends and family for the rest of his life. When he was seven, his family moved into Little Lea, as a boy, Lewis was fascinated with anthropomorphic animals, he fell in love with Beatrix Potters stories and often wrote and illustrated his own animal stories. He and his brother Warnie created the world of Boxen, inhabited, Lewis loved to read, his fathers house was filled with books, and he felt that finding a book to read was as easy as walking into a field and finding a new blade of grass. Lewis was schooled by tutors before being sent to the Wynyard School in Watford, Hertfordshire, in 1908. Lewiss brother had enrolled there three years previously, the school was closed not long afterwards due to a lack of pupils, the headmaster Robert Oldie Capron was soon after committed to a psychiatric hospital. Lewis then attended Campbell College in the east of Belfast about a mile from his home and he was then sent to the health-resort town of Malvern, Worcestershire, where he attended the preparatory school Cherbourg House, which Lewis calls Chartres in his autobiography. It was during this time that Lewis abandoned his childhood Christian faith and became an atheist, becoming interested in mythology, in September 1913, Lewis enrolled at Malvern College, where he remained until the following June. He found the school socially competitive, after leaving Malvern, he studied privately with William T. Kirkpatrick, his fathers old tutor and former headmaster of Lurgan College. As a teenager, Lewis was wonder-struck by the songs and legends of what he called Northernness and these legends intensified an inner longing he later called joy
C. S. Lewis
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C.S. Lewis aged 50
C. S. Lewis
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Little Lea, home of the Lewis family from 1905 to 1930
C. S. Lewis
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Plaque on a park-bench in
Bangor, County Down
C. S. Lewis
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Magdalen College, Oxford
14.
The Chronicles of Narnia
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The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven high fantasy novels by C. S. Lewis. It is considered a classic of literature and is the authors best-known work. The books span the history of Narnia, from its creation in The Magicians Nephew to its eventual destruction in The Last Battle. The books have profoundly influenced adult and childrens literature since World War II. Lewiss exploration of themes not usually present in literature, such as religion, as well as the books perceived treatment of issues including race. Although Lewis originally conceived what would become The Chronicles of Narnia in 1939, he did not finish writing the first book The Lion, the Witch, the Magicians Nephew, the penultimate book to be published, but the last to be written, was completed in 1954. Lewis did not write the books in the order in which they were originally published, the original illustrator, Pauline Baynes, created pen and ink drawings for the Narnia books that are still used in the editions published today. Lewis was awarded the 1956 Carnegie Medal for The Last Battle and this picture had been in my mind since I was about sixteen. Then one day, when I was about forty, I said to myself, shortly before the start of World War II, many children were evacuated to the English countryside in anticipation of attacks on London and other major urban areas by Nazi Germany. As a result, on 2 September 1939, three girls, Margaret, Mary and Katherine, came to live at The Kilns in Risinghurst. But it is most about Peter who was the youngest and they all had to go away from London suddenly because of Air Raids, and because Father, who was in the Army, had gone off to the War and Mother was doing some kind of war work. They were sent to stay with a kind of relation of Mothers who was an old professor who lived all by himself in the country. In It All Began With a Picture C. S. Lewis continues, but then suddenly Aslan came bounding into it. I think I had been having a good many dreams of lions about that time, apart from that, I dont know where the Lion came from or why he came. But once he was there, he pulled the story together. The manuscript for The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was complete by the end of March 1949, the name Narnia is based on Narni, Italy, written in Latin as Narnia. Lancelyn Green wrote, When Walter Hooper asked where he found the word Narnia, Lewis showed him Murrays Small Classical Atlas, grundy, which he acquired when he was reading the classics with Mr Kirkpatrick at Great Bookham. On plate 8 of the Atlas is a map of ancient Italy, Lewis had underscored the name of a little town called Narnia, simply because he liked the sound of it
The Chronicles of Narnia
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The Chronicles of Narnia HarperCollins boxed set; books presented in order of the fictional chronology
The Chronicles of Narnia
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A 1970 Collier-Macmillan edition paperback boxed set (cover art by
Roger Hane), where the books are presented in order of original publication
The Chronicles of Narnia
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A map by David Bedell of the
fictional universe of the Narnian world.
The Chronicles of Narnia
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The premiere of
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian in 2008
15.
Mark Helprin
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While Helprins fictional works straddle a number of disparate genres and styles, he has stated that he belongs to no literary school, movement, tendency, or trend. Helprin was born in Manhattan, New York in 1947 and his father, Morris Helprin, worked in the film industry, eventually becoming president of London Films. His mother was actress Eleanor Lynn, who starred in several Broadway productions in the 1930s and 40s, in 1953 the family left New York City for the prosperous Hudson River valley suburb of Ossining, New York. He was raised on the Hudson River and was educated at the Scarborough School and he later lived in the British West Indies. Helprin holds degrees from Harvard University, and Harvards Graduate School of Arts, Helprins postgraduate study was at Princeton University and Magdalen College, Oxford, University of Oxford, 1976–77. He is Jewish-American, and he became an Israeli citizen during the late 1970s and he served in the Israeli infantry and the Israeli Air Force. Helprin is married to Lisa Helprin and they have two daughters, Alexandra and Olivia. They live on a 56-acre farm in Earlysville, Virginia, and like his father and grandfather who had farms before him, Helprin states that his literary creation always starts with something very small. I can sit down to write a story just by thinking of the first two words of a Scott Fitzgerald story, This Jonquil—its a womans name and this always gets me in the mood to write. We create nothing new—no one has ever imagined a new color—so what you are doing is revitalizing and you are remembering, then combining, altering. Artists who think theyre creating new worlds are simply creating tiny versions of this world and his inspirations include Dante, Shakespeare, Melville and Mark Twain. His first novel, published in 1977, was Refiners Fire, The Life and Adventures of Marshall Pearl, the 1983 novel Winters Tale is a sometimes fantastic tale of early 20th century life in New York City. He published A Soldier of the Great War in 1991, memoir from Antproof Case, published in 1995, includes long comic diatribes against the effects of coffee. Helprin came out with Freddy and Fredericka, a based on Prince Charles and Princess Diana. His latest, In Sunlight and In Shadow, was released in 2012, Helprin has published three books of short stories, A Dove of the East & Other Stories, Ellis Island & Other Stories, and The Pacific and Other Stories. He has written three books, all of which are illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg, Swan Lake, A City in Winter. His works have translated into more than a dozen languages. Helprins writing has appeared in The New Yorker for two decades and he writes essays and a column for the Claremont Review of Books
Mark Helprin
–
Mark Helprin
16.
The Sweetest Fig
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The Sweetest Fig is a childrens fantasy novel written in 1993 by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. It tells a story of an affluent, cold-hearted French dentist who eats a fig which makes his wildest dreams come true, Monsieur Bibot is a wealthy dentist. Everything in his life seems quite satisfactory until an old woman stops by his office to get her tooth extracted. He seems to almost enjoy inflicting pain on the woman, after removing the tooth with a pair of pliers, and about to give a prescription for the painkillers, Bibot is upset when the woman cant pay his fee in cash. Instead, she pays him by giving him two figs which she claims will make his dreams come true, naturally, Bibot scoffs at the thought of magical figs, and refuses to give her the painkillers. Later that evening, Bibot proceeds to eat one of the figs as a midnight snack, horrified and embarrassed by this mishap, Bibot vows to hypnotize himself to control his dreams so that he may become the richest man on Earth. This self-centered plan involves abandoning Marcel, whom he has continued to harm in more ways than one, but one day, when Bibot is preparing dinner, the dog gobbles up the second fig sitting on the table. Bibot is furious and chases the dog around the house, heartbroken over the fig, Bibot goes to sleep. The next morning, however, Bibot wakes up underneath his bed – as the dog, needless to say, Bibot is horrified and realizes that the dog was dreaming about finally getting his revenge on his cruel master all along. Marcel, whos now in Bibots form, tells Bibot its time for his walk, Bibot tries to yell, but all he can do is bark. Publishers Weekly, Van Allsburg swings back into his most mystifying mode with this enigmatic, childrens Literature, Van Allsburg once again gives it the kind of twist that pleases kids and adult fans. School Library Journal, Gr 3 Up- Another quietly bizarre and stunning picture book from Van Allsburg, the Sweetest Fig is a superb blend of theme, language, and illustration, with a very grabbing plot as well. The writing is formal yet direct, using simple, deliberate vocabulary to match the elegant setting, the shades of gray, cream, and brown and the calm, stable design enhance this mood. The angle at which readers view scenes is always intriguing and heightens their involvement, most children old enough to read this complex book on their own will be fascinated and will return to it again and again. Their realistic use of light and changing perspective makes the story an integral part of the everyday. Children will recognize the terror, the mystery, and the dream of reversal. Although The Sweetest Fig does not present a moral, Chris Van Allsburgs characterization of Monsieur Bibot brings a chilling, frightening tone to the narrative. It also depicts the harsh realities of the master-slave relationship and this particular book is considered by many to be a significant achievement in Van Allsburgs literary career, and one of his best stories
The Sweetest Fig
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The Sweetest Fig
17.
The Mysteries of Harris Burdick
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Each image is accompanied by a title and a single line of text, which compel readers to create their own stories. Many famous writers have tried to put their own twists on the pictures. The book is available in a Portfolio Edition which includes another image/caption pair from the story Missing in Venice and he leaves with a promise to deliver the complete manuscripts if the editor chooses to buy the books. The next day, Burdick didnt show up, Burdick never returned to Wenders office. Over the years, Wenders tried to find out who Harris Burdick was, Burdick was never seen again, and the samples are all that remain of his supposed books. Readers are challenged to imagine their own based on the images for the books. In 1984, Chris Van Allsburg visited Wenders office, and Wenders showed him Burdicks drawings, Van Allsburg decided that maybe if he published the drawings, they may find out who Harris Burdick was. Both Wenders and Van Allsburg were sure that someone would come with information about Burdick, the mirror fell from the wall and cracked open. Neatly concealed between the frame and the mirror was an image identical to Burdicks other works, its caption identified it being from the Burdick story Missing in Venice. As stated on the Burdick website, Peter Wenders died in 2000 at the age of 91, the official site - Has a section where readers can write their own stories for the pictures. Winners get a copy of the Portfolio Edition of the book
The Mysteries of Harris Burdick
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Cover
18.
Stephen King
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Stephen Edwin King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. His books have more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television shows. King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman and he has written nearly 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections. Many of his stories are set in his state of Maine. His novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption was the basis for the movie The Shawshank Redemption which is regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. King has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and his novella The Way Station was a Nebula Award novelette nominee. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters and his short story The Man in the Black Suit received the O. Henry Award. In 2015, King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature, King was born September 21,1947, in Portland, Maine. His father, Donald Edwin King, was born circa 1913 in Peru, Indiana, when Donald was born, his surname was Pollock, but as an adult, he used the surname King. Kings mother, Nellie Ruth, was born in Scarborough, Maine, Donald and Nellie were married July 23,1939, in Cumberland County, Maine. The family moved to De Pere, Wisconsin, Fort Wayne, Indiana, when King was 11, the family returned to Durham, Maine, where his mother cared for her parents until their deaths. She then became a caregiver in a residential facility for the mentally challenged. King was raised Methodist and remains religious as an adult, as a child, King apparently witnessed one of his friends being struck and killed by a train, though he has no memory of the event. His family told him that leaving home to play with the boy, King returned, speechless. Only later did the family learn of the friends death, some commentators have suggested that this event may have psychologically inspired some of Kings darker works, but King makes no mention of it in his memoir On Writing. King related in detail his primary inspiration for writing fiction in his non-fiction Danse Macabre. King compares his uncles successfully dowsing for water using the bough of a branch with the sudden realization of what he wanted to do for a living. King told Barnes & Noble Studios during a 2009 interview, I knew that Id found home when I read that book, King attended Durham Elementary School and graduated from Lisbon Falls High School, in Lisbon Falls, Maine
Stephen King
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Stephen King in February 2007
Stephen King
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King's home in
Bangor
19.
The Wretched Stone
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The Wretched Stone is a childrens picture book written and illustrated by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. Told from the perspective of Captain Randall Ethan Hope, the crew of the Rita Anne finds a strange, glowing, gradually, the glowing stone turns the entire crew into grinning apes. It is told in a format, as it takes place over the course of May 8 to July 12 of an unspecified year. The Wretched Stone at chrisvanallsburg. com The Wretched Stone by Chris Van Allsburg Google books
The Wretched Stone
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The Wretched Stone
20.
Bull Terrier
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The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog in the terrier family. There is also a version of this breed which is officially known as the Miniature Bull Terrier. The Bull Terriers most recognizable feature is its head, described as egg-shaped when viewed from the front, the profile curves gently downwards from the top of the skull to the tip of the nose, which is black and bent downwards at the tip, with well developed nostrils. The under-jaw is deep and strong, the unique triangular eyes are small, dark, and deep-set. Bull terriers are the dogs that have triangular eyes. The body is full and round, with strong, muscular shoulders and they are either white, red, fawn, black, brindle, or a combination of these. Bull Terriers can be independent and stubborn and for this reason are not considered suitable for an inexperienced dog owner. A Bull terrier has a temperament and is amenable to discipline. Although obstinate, they are good with people. Early socialisation will ensure that the dog will get along with other dogs and their personality is described as courageous, full of spirit, with a fun-loving attitude, a children-loving dog and a perfect family member. A2008 study in Germany showed that Bull terriers have no significant temperament difference from Golden retrievers in overall temperament researches. All puppies should be checked for deafness, which occurs in 20. 4% of pure white Bull Terriers and 1. 3% of colored Bull Terriers and is difficult to notice, many Bull Terriers have a tendency to develop skin allergies. Insect bites, such as those from fleas, and sometimes mosquitoes and mites, can produce an allergic response of hives, rash. This problem can be stopped by keeping the dog free of contact from these insects, a UK breed survey puts their median lifespan at 10 years and their mean at 9 years, with a good number of dogs living to 10–15 years. At the start of the 19th century the Bull and Terrier breeds were developed to satisfy the needs for vermin control, the Bull and Terriers were based on the Old English Bulldog and Old English Terriers with possible other terriers. Many breeders began to breed bulldogs with terriers, arguing that such a mixture enhances the quality of fighting, despite the fact that a cross between a bulldog and a terrier was of high value, very little or nothing was done to preserve the breed in its original form. In the mid-19th century James Hinks started breeding Bull and Terriers with English White Terriers, looking for an appearance with better legs. In 1862, Hinks entered a dam called Puss sired by his white Bulldog called Madman into the Bull Terrier Class at the dog show held at the Cremorne Gardens in Chelsea
Bull Terrier
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Bull Terrier
Bull Terrier
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A white Bull Terrier showing head profile, triangular eyes, robust and very muscular body
Bull Terrier
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James Hinks Bullterrier
Bull Terrier
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Bull Terrier circa 1915.
21.
Perspective (visual)
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Perspective in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye. If viewed from the spot as the windowpane was painted. Each painted object in the scene is thus a flat, scaled down version of the object on the side of the window. All perspective drawings assume the viewer is a distance away from the drawing. Objects are scaled relative to that viewer, an object is often not scaled evenly, a circle often appears as an ellipse and a square can appear as a trapezoid. This distortion is referred to as foreshortening, Perspective drawings have a horizon line, which is often implied. This line, directly opposite the viewers eye, represents objects infinitely far away and they have shrunk, in the distance, to the infinitesimal thickness of a line. It is analogous to the Earths horizon, any perspective representation of a scene that includes parallel lines has one or more vanishing points in a perspective drawing. A one-point perspective drawing means that the drawing has a vanishing point, usually directly opposite the viewers eye. All lines parallel with the line of sight recede to the horizon towards this vanishing point. This is the standard receding railroad tracks phenomenon, a two-point drawing would have lines parallel to two different angles. Any number of vanishing points are possible in a drawing, one for each set of lines that are at an angle relative to the plane of the drawing. Perspectives consisting of parallel lines are observed most often when drawing architecture. In contrast, natural scenes often do not have any sets of parallel lines, the only method to indicate the relative position of elements in the composition was by overlapping, of which much use is made in works like the Parthenon Marbles. Chinese artists made use of perspective from the first or second century until the 18th century. It is not certain how they came to use the technique, some authorities suggest that the Chinese acquired the technique from India, oblique projection is also seen in Japanese art, such as in the Ukiyo-e paintings of Torii Kiyonaga. This was detailed within Aristotles Poetics as skenographia, using flat panels on a stage to give the illusion of depth, the philosophers Anaxagoras and Democritus worked out geometric theories of perspective for use with skenographia. Alcibiades had paintings in his house designed using skenographia, so this art was not confined merely to the stage, Euclids Optics introduced a mathematical theory of perspective, but there is some debate over the extent to which Euclids perspective coincides with the modern mathematical definition
Perspective (visual)
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A sharpened
pencil in extreme perspective. Note the shallow
depth of field.
Perspective (visual)
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Railway tracks appear to meet at a distant point.
Perspective (visual)
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A flat road approaching the horizon shows a similar effect when observed obliquely.
Perspective (visual)
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The Doshan Tappeh Street by
Kamal-ol-molk
22.
Caldecott
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The Randolph Caldecott Medal annually recognizes the preceding years most distinguished American picture book for children, beginning with 1937 publications. It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children, the Caldecott and Newbery Medals are the most prestigious American childrens book awards. The award is named for Randolph Caldecott, a nineteenth-century English illustrator, rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937. The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecotts front cover illustration for The Diverting History of John Gilpin, the reverse is based on Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie, one of Caldecotts illustrations for the nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence. Beside the Caldecott Medal, the awards a variable number of citations to worthy runners-up. The Honor was introduced in 1971, but some runners-up had been identified annually, the number of Honors or runners-up had always been one to five, and it had been two to four since 1994, until five were named in 2013 and six in 2015. The Honor Books must be a subset of the runners-up on the final ballot, the artist must be a US citizen or resident and the illustrations must be original to the book, which must be published first or simultaneously in the US in English during the preceding year. A picture book provides a visual experience, a picture book has a collective unity of story-line, theme, or concept, developed through the series of pictures that constitute the book. Picture books for any audience up to age 14 should be considered, the Medal is for distinguished illustrations in a picture book and for excellence of pictorial presentation for children. The book must be self-contained, independent of media for its enjoyment. Components other than illustration should be considered as they bear on effectiveness as a picture book. The committee that decides on the Caldecott Award winner comprises fifteen members, eight are elected by the entire ALSC membership and seven including the chairperson are appointed by the ALSC President. Many publishers send copies of books to the committee,2009 members each received more than 700, to help identify possible contenders, the chairperson generally asks for committee members to identify strong contenders each month. In the fall each member of the committee may formally nominate seven books, publications late in the year should receive equal consideration. As of 2009/2010 each committee member must nominate three and no books in October, two in November, two in December, and January identification of worthy December publications is solicited. The latest winner of the Caldecott Medal, awarded in 2016, is Sophie Blackall for Finding Winnie, The True Story of the World’s Most Famous Bear, the 2016 committee named four Caldecott Honor Books. The annual number of runners-up has ranged from one to six, same as for the Newbery Medal during the same timespan, indeed, for twenty years from 1993 to 2012 there were two to four Honors every year. Robert Lawson alone has won both a Caldecott Medal and a Newbery Medal, the 1941 Caldecott for They Were Strong and Good and he both wrote and illustrated both books
Caldecott
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Caldecott Medal
23.
The Wreck of the Zephyr
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The Wreck of the Zephyr is a childrens book written and illustrated by the American author Chris Van Allsburg, first published by Houghton Mifflin in March 1983. As he is exploring the sea shore near a fishing village. A weather beaten old man is sitting near the wreck, one day the boy decided to go out despite the storm brewing just outside the harbor and against the warnings of an old fisherman. As he sails out of the harbor a big gust strikes the boat, when he wakes up he and his boat, the Zephyr, are stranded on a strange beach far above the high-water mark. He starts walking to look for help, and after a time he crests a hill to see the Zephyr being towed by two boats that are sailing through the air. From the hilltop the boy watches the two strange boats deposit the Zephyr in the harbor, when he finally gets down to the harbor he is met by a fisherman who is as surprised to see him as the boy was to see his Zephyr fly. The fisherman tells him that they dont get any visitors because the island is surrounded by a treacherous reef and he offers to take the boy home but the boy refuses, saying he wont leave until he learns how to sail above the waves. The kind fisherman gives the boy a set of sails for the Zephyr and spends all day trying to teach him. The fisherman gives up and takes the boy back to his house where his wife has their dinner waiting, once the fisherman and his wife are asleep, the boy sneaks back out to the Zephyr to try again. This time he is successful and slowly the sound of the water gurgling against the hull fades, by the light of the full moon the boy navigates out of the harbor and sets a course for home. As he nears his village the moonlight strikes the steeple of the church, if he sails the Zephyr over the village and rings her bell, everyone will know that he truly is the greatest sailor there ever was. Just as he is passing over the steeple the wind suddenly dies, the boy tacks and heads back for the safety of the harbor, but the Zephyr is falling too fast and they crash into the cliff. The crash destroyed the Zephyr, leaving only what you see here, says the old man, what happened to him after that. Though it is not explicitly stated, this hints that the old man is indeed the boy from his story
The Wreck of the Zephyr
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The Wreck of the Zephyr
24.
The Stranger (Chris Van Allsburg book)
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The Stranger is a childrens book written in 1986 by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. It tells a story of a stranger with no memory of who he is or where hes from and he recuperates in the home of a farmer and his family during the fall season. One fall day, while Farmer Bailey is riding down the road in his truck, at first, he thinks he had run over a deer, but when he gets out to see what he hit, he finds that he has accidentally run over a man. The man tries to leave, but loses his balance and falls down again, Farmer Bailey takes him to his house, where he and his wife, Mrs. Bailey, discovers that the stranger cannot talk. The Baileys call a doctor to examine him, the doctor arrives and takes the strangers temperature with her thermometer. As the doctor holds it up to his mouth, the stranger blows on it, the doctor thinks that the thermometer is broken. Although the stranger isnt seriously hurt, he cant remember who he is or where hes from, the doctor gives advice to the Baileys, telling them to give the stranger shelter until he regains his memory. They do and he fits in well with the family and even out on the farm. One night, the stranger comes out to have dinner with the Baileys and they are having soup, and the stranger notices steam rising from his bowl. He sees the little girl blowing on the soup to help it cool and he lightly blows on his own bowl, and the steam drifts away. When he blows, Mrs. Bailey feels a draft on her spine, Mr. Bailey enjoys having the stranger as his guest, but he also notices how peculiar the weather has been. The stranger goes for a walk in the forest and notices some rabbits and they would usually stay away from humans, but they walk toward the stranger. It still feels like summer on Mr. Baileys farm, the stranger notices the curiosities as well. He wonders why the trees on the Bailey farm are still green while all the trees on the other farms are red. One day, the stranger blows on a leaf. This helps him regain his memory and he realizes its time for him to leave the Baileys farm, on his last evening at the house, the stranger hugs Mr. and Mrs. Bailey and the little girl goodbye. They come outside to wave goodbye to the stranger, but he has disappeared, when the stranger leaves, fall comes to the Baileys farm, and the trees are now all red and orange. Etched in frost on the window is a message from the stranger that says
The Stranger (Chris Van Allsburg book)
–
The Stranger
25.
The Z Was Zapped
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The Z Was Zapped is a picture book by the American author Chris Van Allsburg originally published in 1987 by Houghton Mifflin. The book tells the story in 26 acts, each showing how each letter in the alphabet caught some bad luck, the artwork has a stark look by using black and white pencil drawings. Each destruction of the letters take place on a theater stage. Examples, The A was in an avalanche, the C was cut to ribbons. Fritz appears in the book as the dog bites the B. The letters that are injured are called the Caslon players after the font used for the book text
The Z Was Zapped
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The Z Was Zapped
26.
Two Bad Ants
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Two Bad Ants is a 1988 childrens book written and illustrated by American author Chris Van Allsburg. The title characters, while journeying through a home, decide to exploit a sugar bowl on their own rather than delivering the crystals to the colonys queen. Chastened, they rejoin a line of ants carrying sugar back to the colony, in Philip Nels analysis, a conflict between the books plot and its illustrations leads to artistic tension. Nel likens the resulting ambiguity to the works of Magritte. CHILDRENS BOOKS, FELONS IN THE SUGAR BOWL, sanford Schwartz, New York Times, November 13,1988. Retrieved June 17,2010 Houghton-Mifflin Books- Two Bad Ants
Two Bad Ants
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Two Bad Ants
27.
A City in Winter
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A City in Winter is a novel by Mark Helprin, first published in 1996. Though it is considered a novel, it is mixture of war novel. All three books in this trilogy, Swan Lake, A City in Winter, and the novel in the series, The Veil of Snows abound in winter season atmosphere. By the books end, the child has realized that she is the daughter, and therefore. As A City in Winter begins, the heir to the frosty kingdom is an adult. The story is told in flashback to her child, she recalls her return to the city at age ten. The events center on the period when the heroine slipped into the city of the usurper. He wore a mask that made him look like death itself, for example, Notorincus reveals his cry of battle to be “I’ll never bake another waffle-torte for a single imperial soldier as long as I live. While the young girl does eventually regain the palace, her victory does not come without sacrifice. Near the novels end, the childs tutor arrives in the city to aid her, and knowing that the citizens will not accept her as queen without the prophetic appearance of a burning angel. “They say that as he fell, he flew, tumbling and wheeling in the air in motion, his arms outspread with all his strength. A City in Winter won the World Fantasy Award for Best Novella in 1997, a City in Winter at www. markhelprin. com A City in Winter at Amazon. com
A City in Winter
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A City in Winter: The Queen's Tale
28.
Probuditi!
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Probuditi. is a 2006 childrens book written and illustrated by American author Chris Van Allsburg. After seeing a show by magician Lomax the Magnificent, two friends, Calvin and Rodney, decide to use his hypnosis trick on Calvins sister Trudy, the trick is achieved with a rotating spiral disc, and the spell is broken by saying Probuditi. It is Calvins birthday and his mother asks him to watch his sister while shes away, Calvin and Rodney are successful and Trudy soon believes she is a dog. Calvin and Rodney enjoy watching Trudy until they realize that Calvins mom will come home soon and they frantically try different methods to turn Trudy back to normal, but in the end it is Trudy who silently helps them to remember. Fritz, a dog who appears in all of Allsburgs works, Probuditi. is a Serbian word that means to wake up
Probuditi!
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Probuditi!
29.
Jumanji
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Jumanji is a 1995 American adventure film directed by Joe Johnston. It is an adaptation of the 1981 childrens book of the name by Chris Van Allsburg. The film was written by Greg Taylor, Jonathan Hensleigh, and Jim Strain, and stars Robin Williams, Bonnie Hunt, Kirsten Dunst, Bradley Pierce, David Alan Grier, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. The special effects were provided by Industrial Light & Magic for computer graphic elements, the film was dedicated to visual effects supervisor Stephen L. Price, who died before the films release. The story centers on young Alan Parrish, who trapped in a board game while playing with his best friend Sarah Whittle in 1969. Twenty-six years later in 1995, siblings Judy and Peter Shepherd find the game, begin playing, after tracking down Sarah, the quartet resolve to finish the game in order to reverse all of the destruction it has caused. The film was shot in Keene, New Hampshire, representing the fictional town of Brantford. Additional filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, the film was released on December 15,1995. Despite its lukewarm reception, it was a box office success, earning $262,797,249 worldwide on a budget of approximately $65 million. In 2005 a similar film marketed as a sequel to Jumanji. A sequel, Jumanji, Welcome to the Jungle, will be released on December 20,2017, in 1869, near Brantford, New Hampshire, two boys bury a chest, hoping that no one will ever find it. In 1969, Alan Parrish escapes a group of bullies and retreats to a company owned by his father. He meets Carl Bentley, an employee, who reveals a new shoe prototype he made by himself, Alan misplaces the shoe and damages a machine, but Carl takes responsibility and loses his job. After being attacked by the bullies, who steal his bicycle. He finds the chest containing a board game called Jumanji, at home, after an argument with Samuel about attending a boarding school, Alan plans to run away. Sarah Whittle, his friend, arrives to return his bicycle, with each roll of the dice, the player piece moves by itself and a cryptic message describing the rolls outcome appears in the crystal ball at the center of the board. Sarah rolls the dice but nothing happens, Alan rolls the dice, a message tells him to wait in a jungle until someone rolls five or eight, and he is sucked into the game. Afterwards, a swarm of bats appears and chases Sarah out of the mansion, in 1995, Judy and Peter Shepherd move into the vacant Parrish house with their aunt Nora, their parents having died in an accident on a ski trip in Canada
Jumanji
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Theatrical release poster
30.
The Polar Express (film)
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Written, produced, and directed by Robert Zemeckis, the film features human characters animated using the live action motion capture technique. The film stars Daryl Sabara, Nona Gaye, Jimmy Bennett, the film also included a performance by Tinashe at age 9, who later gained exposure as a pop singer in 2010, as the CGI-model for the female protagonist. Castle Rock Entertainment produced the film in association with Shangri-La Entertainment, ImageMovers, Playtone and Golden Mean, the visual effects and performance capture were done at Sony Pictures Imageworks. The film was made with a budget of $165 million, a sum for an animated feature at the time. The studio first released the film in both conventional and IMAX 3D theaters November 10,2004, the Polar Express is listed in the Guinness World Book of Records in 2006 as the first all-digital capture film. This is Castle Rock Entertainments first animated film, the film also marks Michael Jeters last acting role before his death, and the film was dedicated to his memory. On Christmas Eve in the late 1950s, a boy in Grand Rapids, when the boy examines the engine, the conductor allows him to board the train. The boy meets other children, including a girl and a boy with a Brooklyn accent. When the train picks up another boy, Billy, the hero boy applies the brakes when Billy initially declines to board. The conductor summons a team to give the children hot chocolate. The girl and conductor go to deliver the hot chocolate cup to Billy and he loses it before he can return it. The boy explains the lost ticket to the conductor, and the conductor takes her for a walk on the top of the train, the hero boy locates the lost ticket and pursues them. The boy meets a hobo, who claims he is the owner of the train and he helps the boy by skiing down the rooftops as the Polar Express goes down a steep slope. Before reaching Flat Top Tunnel, the boy jumps into the coal tender. The hero boy applies the brakes and the engine on the train screeches to a halt, the conductor pulls Smokey’s beard several times, causing him to let out animal-like sound effects, and the caribou horde moves away. Afterwards, the pin of the throttle sheers off causing the train to speed up. The lost cotter pin falls off the train and pierces the ice, smokey uses his hairpin to repair the throttle and they manage to get the train back under control. The conductor sends Steamer to steer the train to the tracks on the side before the train falls through the ice
The Polar Express (film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Polar Express (film)
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This film marks the final performance of actor
Michael Jeter; Jeter died the year before the film's release.
The Polar Express (film)
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Administration building of the Pullman Palace Car Company
The Polar Express (film)
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Pere Marquette locomotive 1225, the basis for the Polar Express.
31.
Zathura: A Space Adventure
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Zathura, A Space Adventure is a 2005 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Jon Favreau, and is loosely based on the illustrated book Zathura by Chris Van Allsburg, author of Jumanji. The film stars Josh Hutcherson, Jonah Bobo, Dax Shepard, Kristen Stewart, the film was shot in Los Angeles and Culver City, California and was released on November 11,2005 by Columbia Pictures. Unlike the book, the film contains no Jumanji material and does not mention any Jumanji events, the film was however marketed as a spiritual sequel with varying statements of the tagline, A new adventure from the world of Jumanji. Despite positive reviews critics, Zathura was a box office disappointment. Brothers Walter and Danny can never seem to get along with other, or with their older teen-aged sister. While staying at their fathers home while he is away at work and Lisa is asleep. The two begin to play the game, the goal to be the first to reach the final space named Zathura, during each turn, the game provides a card with instructions, but the two quickly realize the cards affect reality, starting with a meteor shower. They soon discover the house is floating on a rock alongside Saturn. Meanwhile, Lisa looks out the window, and believing it is merely dark, when the boys try to warn Lisa about what has happened, they find she is frozen in cryonic sleep as a result of one of the cards. The brothers realize that the way to end the game. As they continue to play, Walter and Danny avoid the dangers that the games cards throw at them like a defective robot, on Walters next turn, he receives a card that allows him to make a wish, and considers making a wish to make Danny go away. The Astronaut quickly warns him that he and his own brother had played the game years before and he wished his brother away, but this caused him to be stuck in the game forever without a second player. The brothers agree to work together to finish the game quickly, Lisa wakes from her stasis, and unaware of the current events, turns up the thermostat. This causes the Zorgons to return, anchoring their ships to the house, the four evacuate to the upper floor but realize they have left the game downstairs. Lisa falls in love with the Astronaut, Danny uses the houses dumbwaiter to sneak past the aliens and retrieve the game. Danny manages to get the game one of the ships. Walter uses the Reprogram card to get the robot to attack the Zorgons. As the brothers continue to play the game, Walter receives another wish card and he uses it to bring back the Astronauts brother, which turns out to be Danny
Zathura: A Space Adventure
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Theatrical release poster
32.
Association for Library Service to Children
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The Association for Library Service to Children is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the worlds largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a future for children through libraries. ALSC sets a standard for service to children through the regular updating of Competencies for Librarians Serving Children in Public Libraries. El día de los niños/El día de los libros, commonly known as Día or Diversity in Action, is a celebration of children, families. Día was created by author/illustrator Pat Mora in collaboration with REFORMA, posters are available to print for free in both English and Spanish. Every Child Ready to Read® @ your library®, commonly abbreviated as ECRR, is a parent education program designed by ALSC, the initiative focuses on the development of early literacy skills in children ages 0–5. Many storytimes and other early childhood programs in libraries across the world incorporate research, the ECRR toolkit is designed to help librarians teach parents that early literacy begins at home and is taught by parents. The toolkit was revised in 2011, in 2015, the ALSC Board accepted a white paper titled Media Mentorship in Libraries Serving Youth. This paper outlines the roll of librarians and other staff who serve youth and families with particular regard to materials. The division also partners with other agencies that serve children to spread the word about the power of reading, early literacy, ALSC announces the awards listed below every January at a Monday morning press conference that takes place during the American Library Association Midwinter Meeting. The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery and it is awarded annually to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. The Caldecott Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott and it is awarded annually to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children. The Arbuthnot Award was named in honor of twentieth-century American educator May Hill Arbuthnot and it is awarded annually to honor an author, critic, librarian, historian, or teacher of childrens literature, of any country, who then presents a lecture at a winning host site. The Batchelder Award was named in honor of twetieth-century American librarian Mildred L. Batchelder, the Batchelder Award is unusual in that it is given to a publisher, yet explicitly references a given work, its translator and author. The Belpré Medal was named in honor of twentieth-century Puerto Rican librarian Pura Belpré and it has been given every other year since 1996. Beginning with the 2009 award, it will be given annually, the Carnegie Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It honors the producer of the most outstanding video production for children, the Geisel Award was named in honor of twentieth-century American author Theodor Seuss Geisel. It is given annually to the author and illustrator of the most distinguished American book for beginning readers published in English in the United States during the preceding year
Association for Library Service to Children
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Andrew Carnegie, American philanthropist
Association for Library Service to Children
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Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author
33.
Gyldendal
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Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S, usually referred to simply as Gyldendal is a Danish publishing house. Founded in 1770 by Søren Gyldendal, it is the oldest and largest publishing house in Denmark, offering a selection of books including fiction, non-fiction. Prior to 1925, it was also the publishing house in Norway. In 1925, a Norwegian publishing house named Gyldendal Norsk Forlag was founded, Gyldendal is a public company and its shares are traded on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. Gyldendal stopped the print version of their encyclopedia in 2006, focusing instead on selling paid subscriptions for its online encyclopedia, by 2008 it had decided that it needed another approach to support that online site. Since February 2009 Gyldendal is publishing an online, subscription-free encyclopedia
Gyldendal
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Gyldendal
Gyldendal
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Gyldendal Publishing House, Klareboderne 3, in Copenhagen.
34.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
Library of Congress
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Construction of the
Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888, to May 15, 1894.
Library of Congress
Library of Congress
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The West façade of the Library of Congress in 1898
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress inside the
U.S. Capitol Building c. 1890
35.
The Little Mermaid (1989 film)
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The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Based on the Danish fairy tale of the name by Hans Christian Andersen. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and it also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. Announced by Disney back in May 2016, a film adaptation is currently in the works. Ariel, a mermaid princess, is dissatisfied with underwater life in the kingdom of Atlantica and is curious about the human world. One night, Ariel, Flounder, and an unwilling Sebastian travel to the surface to watch a celebration for the birthday of Prince Eric on a ship. Ariel instantly becomes enamored with Eric, the birthday celebration is cut short by a violent storm which destroys the ship and tosses Eric overboard. Ariel rescues him and brings him to shore and she sings to him, but immediately leaves just as he regains consciousness to avoid being discovered. Fascinated by the memory of her voice, Eric vows to find who saved and sang to him, when Triton discovers Ariels love for Eric, Triton confronts her in the grotto and destroys most of the artifacts with his trident. After Triton leaves, two eels named Flotsam and Jetsam convince Ariel to visit Ursula the sea witch, Ursula tricks Ariel into making a deal to transform her into a human for three days in exchange for Ariels voice, which Ursula puts in a nautilus shell. Within these three days, Ariel must receive the kiss of love from Eric. If Ariel gets Eric to kiss her, she will remain a human permanently, otherwise, she will transform back into a mermaid, Ariel accepts and is then given human legs and brought to the surface by Flounder and Sebastian. Eric finds Ariel on the beach and takes her to his castle, Ariel spends time with Eric, and at the end of the second day, they almost kiss but are thwarted by Flotsam and Jetsam. Angered at their escape, Ursula sets a trap for Eric and Ariel, she disguises herself as a beautiful young woman named Vanessa. Discovering that Vanessa is actually Ursula in disguise, Scuttle informs Ariel of Ursulas plan to marry Eric while Sebastian informs Triton about Ursulas actions, assisted by her friends, Ariel stops Erics wedding to Ursula, destroying the nautilus shell around Ursulas neck and restoring Ariels voice. Realizing that Ariel is the girl who saved his life, Eric rushes to kiss her, Triton furiously confronts Ursula and demands Ariels release, but the deal is inviolable. Ursula tricks Triton into taking Ariels place as Ursulas prisoner, giving up his trident, Ariel is released as Triton is transformed into a polyp. Ursula steps forward as the new queen, but before she can use the trident, Ursula attempts to kill Eric, but inadvertently kills Flotsam and Jetsam in the process
The Little Mermaid (1989 film)
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Original theatrical release poster
36.
How to Deal
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How to Deal is a 2003 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Clare Kilner and starring Mandy Moore, Allison Janney and Trent Ford. It is based on Sarah Dessens novels That Summer and Someone like You, Halley Marie Martin is a 17-year-old high school student who is disillusioned with love after seeing many dysfunctional relationships around her. Her parents are now divorced and her father, Len Martin and her mother, Lydia, is now always alone while her sister, Ashley, is so overwhelmed by her upcoming wedding with Lewis Warsher that she barely exists in the house. The shallowness of all the teens at her school convinces Halley that finding true love is impossible. When Halley walks in on her best friend Scarlett having sex with her boyfriend, ignoring her advice, Scarlett embarks on a summer fling with Michael. In the meantime, Halley must deal with Ashley and the rest of the Martins must deal with her soon-to-be in-laws, Lewis overbearing Southern parents, who have an African American maid. In the meantime, Halley runs into classmate Macon Forrester, a slacker who never shows up for biology and is interested in having fun than school work. He is Michael Sherwoods best friend, then a few weeks later, Michael dies of a heart defect on the soccer field while Halley, Scarlett and other classmates watch helplessly. This event changes the lives of Halley and Scarlett forever, while Scarlett does her best to look beautiful for Michael at his funeral, Macon gives a moving speech about his friend. Struggling with Michaels death, Scarlett, at age sixteen, soon learns that she is pregnant with his child, with Halley at her side, Scarlett reveals the pregnancy to her mother. Halleys father, Len Martin, marries his mistress, Lorna, in a ceremony, with guests from all over the world, or within his radio frequency. Halley and Macon eventually start a relationship and he takes her to his and Michaels favorite hangout and once come close to having sex. Halley and her mother get into an argument and on New Years Eve, again, they come very close to having sex but this time Halley stops it and Macon is upset. On their way home, they are upset and distracted and hit a tree. Halley gets a broken arm, but otherwise they both walk away from it unharmed, but Halley breaks up with Macon saying that she cant wait around for him to grow up, later things go awry when Halley finds Ashley drunk on the familys front porch. Finding a male strippers thong around her neck, Halley witnesses the break-up of her sisters engagement and she also learns that her mother sneaks out once a week to have sex with a man she met a couple of weeks previously, Steve. After another make-up, Lewis proposes to Ashley again, this time at a crowded airport, on the day of Ashley and Lewis wedding, Macon bursts into Lens radio studio, professing his apologies and love to Halley. He then heads to the wedding, on the way, he finds Scarlett, who insisted on walking to the wedding, going into labor on the side of the road
How to Deal
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Theatrical release poster
37.
Society of Illustrators
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The Society of Illustrators is a professional society based in New York City. It was founded in 1901 to promote the art of illustration and, the Society of Illustrators was founded on February 1,1901, by a group of nine artists and one advising businessman. The nine artists, who with Fleming founded the Society were Otto Henry Bacher, Frank Vincent DuMond, Henry Hutt, Albert Wenzell, Albert Sterner, Benjamin West Clinedinst, yohn, Louis Loeb, and Reginald Birch. The mission statement was to promote generally the art of illustration, flaggs US Army iconic recruiting poster of Uncle Sam, as well as advertising of the massive War Bond effort. Photo journalism was impractical during these years and eight Society members, after the war, the Society operated the School for Disabled Soldiers. In 1920, the Society was incorporated, and in 1922 women were allowed to become full members, prior to this women were granted Associate Memberships since 1903. The early history of the Society was documented in 1927 and 1939 by Norman Price and his hand written notes are held in the Society of Illustrators archives. During the 1920s and 1930s the Society presented the Illustrators Shows, featuring artists and their models as actors, songwriters, professional talent such as the Cotton Club band and Jimmy Durante also performed. In 1939, those funds allowed the Society to acquire its present headquarters, Norman Rockwells Dover Coach became the backdrop for the bar on the fourth floor, donated by Rockwell in honor of the Societys new building. This painting currently hangs in the Members Dining Room, in 1954, the U. S. Air Force began sending members around the world to document its activities. Thousands of paintings have been contributed over the years, the year 1959 saw the Society hold its first Annual Exhibition, juried by Bob Peak, Bradbury Thompson, Stevan Dohanos and others. It opened with 350 original works of art and led to the publication of the first Illustrators Annual,2001 was the Societys centennial year, a 12-month celebration begun with the U. S. Postal issue, Great American Illustrators. That year was punctuated with the 9/11 Memorial Exhibition, Prevailing Human Spirit, the Society of illustrators continues to maintain an annual of illustration, student scholarship competitions and various awards honoring excellence in the field of illustration. The Society began and maintains outreach programs with The New York City Parks Department, today the permanent collection includes nearly 2500 works by such artists as Norman Rockwell, Howard Pyle, N. C. Wyeth, James Montgomery Flagg, Bob Peak and Bernie Fuchs, the Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art transferred its assets in August 2012 to the Society, which has continued the MoCCA Fest. The Society of Illustrators inaugurated the Hall of Fame program in 1958, the first recipient was Norman Rockwell. Like other recognized artists, he was elected by former Society presidents for his contributions to the field of illustration, every year since 1958, one or more illustrators have been added to the Hall of Fame. In 2001, two forms of recognition were added, Dean Cornwell Recognition Award and the Arthur William Brown Achievement Award
Society of Illustrators
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Society of Illustrators members at the Berkeley Theater in Manhattan (February 19, 1914)
Society of Illustrators
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Headquarters under renovation
38.
Norman Rockwell
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Norman Perceval Rockwell was a 20th-century American author, painter and illustrator. His works enjoy a broad appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. Rockwell is most famous for the illustrations of everyday life he created for The Saturday Evening Post magazine over nearly five decades. Among the best-known of Rockwells works are the Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter, The Problem We All Live With, Saying Grace, and the Four Freedoms series. He also is noted for his 64-year relationship with the Boy Scouts of America, during which he produced covers for their publication Boys Life, calendars, and other illustrations. These works include images that reflect the Scout Oath and Scout Law such as The Scoutmaster, A Scout is Reverent and A Guiding Hand. Norman Rockwell was born on February 3,1894, in New York City, to Jarvis Waring Rockwell and Anne Mary Nancy Rockwell and he had one brother, Jarvis Waring Rockwell, Jr. older by a year and a half. Jarvis Waring, Sr. was the manager of the New York office of a Philadelphia textile firm, George Wood, Sons & Company, Rockwell transferred from high school to the Chase Art School at the age of 14. He then went on to the National Academy of Design and finally to the Art Students League, as a student, Rockwell was given small jobs of minor importance. His first major breakthrough came at age eighteen with his first book illustration for Carl H. Claudys Tell Me Why, after that, Rockwell was hired as a staff artist for Boys Life magazine. In this role, he received 50 dollars compensation each month for one completed cover and it is said to have been his first paying job as an artist. At 19, he became the art editor for Boys Life and he held the job for three years, during which he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ships Wheel, which appeared on the Boys Life September edition. Rockwells family moved to New Rochelle, New York, when Norman was 21 years old and they shared a studio with the cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked for The Saturday Evening Post. With Forsythes help, Rockwell submitted his first successful cover painting to the Post in 1916 and he followed that success with Circus Barker and Strongman, Gramps at the Plate, Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins, People in a Theatre Balcony, and Man Playing Santa. Rockwell was published eight times on the Post cover within the first year, ultimately, Rockwell published 323 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post over 47 years. His Sharp Harmony appeared on the cover of the issue dated September 26,1936, it depicts a barber, the image was adopted by SPEBSQSA in its promotion of the art. During World War I, he tried to enlist into the U. S. Navy but was refused entry because, at 140 pounds, to compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and doughnuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. He was given the role of a military artist, however, in 1943, during World War II, Rockwell painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in his losing fifteen pounds
Norman Rockwell
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Norman Rockwell, c. 1921
Norman Rockwell
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Scout at Ship's Wheel, 1913
Norman Rockwell
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Rockwell's first Scouting calendar, 1925
Norman Rockwell
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Freedom of Speech, 1943
39.
Dean Cornwell
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Dean Cornwell was an American illustrator and muralist. His oil paintings were featured in popular magazines and books as literary illustrations, advertisements. Throughout the first half of the 20th century he was a dominant presence in American illustration, at the peak of his popularity he was nicknamed the Dean of Illustrators. His work greatly influenced the art style of the popular first-person shooter Team Fortress 2, Cornwell was born in Louisville, Kentucky. His father, Charles L. Cornwell, was an engineer whose drawings of industrial subjects fascinated Cornwell as a child. He began his career as a cartoonist for the Louisville Herald. Soon thereafter he moved to Chicago, where he studied at the Art Institute, in 1915 he moved to New Rochelle, New York, a well known artist colony, and studied in New York City under Harvey Dunn at the Art Students League of New York. Eventually he traveled to London to study painting as an apprentice to Frank Brangwyn. His mural for the Los Angeles Public Library was a rendering of the history of California, Cornwell taught and lectured at the Art Students League in New York. He served as president of the Society of Illustrators from 1922 to 1926, in 1934, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician, and became a full Academician in 1940. He served as President of the National Society of Mural Painters from 1953 to 1957
Dean Cornwell
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Some Necktie Lady (1916) oil on canvas 14.5 inch. x 34 inch.
Dean Cornwell
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The Red Shaw Hearst's International magazine illustration (1921) oil on canvas 34 inch. x 30 inch.
Dean Cornwell
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Priest, Spanish City (1921) oil on canvas 30 inch. x 34 inch.
Dean Cornwell
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The Bridge Harper's Bazaar illustration (1921) oil on canvas 34 inch. x 30 inch.
40.
Harold Von Schmidt
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Harold von Schmidt was an American illustrator, who specialized in magazine interior illustrations. Born in Alameda, California in 1893, he was orphaned at the age of five, after a year in an orphanage, he went to live with his grandfather, who had been a forty-niner. As a youth, von Schmidt worked as a cowhand and a construction worker, in 1920 and 1924, he was on the United States Olympic Rugby team. Although the United States team won the gold medal both years, von Schmidt did not play in the game in 1920, and was sidelined by an injury in the final practice in 1924. Von Schmidt began his art studies at the California School of Arts and Crafts while he was still in high school, in 1924, he entered the Grand Central School of Art in New York City. He moved to the community of New Rochelle which was a well-known artist colony and home to many of the top commercial illustrators of the day such as Frank. Also in residence were Al Parker, Mead Schaeffer and Dean Cornwell, wyeth would become leaders in the field. He later married and moved to Westport, Connecticut, Harold von Schmidts work appeared primarily in Colliers Weekly, Cosmopolitan, Liberty, The Saturday Evening Post, and Sunset. Although he preferred magazine work and illustrated few books, he spent two years preparing sixty illustrations for an edition of Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop. In 1948, he was recruited by Albert Dorne to be one of the faculty for the Famous Artists School. He was awarded the first gold medal by the trustees of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame in 1968, Harold died on June 3,1982 in Westport, Connecticut. Harolds son Eric Von Schmidt was a well-known singer-songwriter associated with Bob Dylan, Harold Von Schmidt Draws and Paints the Old West. The Forty-Niners, An Exhibition of Paintings, ottumwa, Iowa, John Morrell & Co,1949. OCLC314158366 Von Schmidt, Harold, and John M. Carroll, OCLC842666 Von Schmidt, Harold, and Walt Reed. The Western Art of Harold Von Schmidt, New York, Peacock Press/Bantam Book,1976
Harold Von Schmidt
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Harold von Schmidt in 1920
41.
Floyd MacMillan Davis
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But Davis was just as capable at capturing just-plain-folk, and with a cartoonists sensibilities and a fresh humor, he expanded into story art and ad work that called characters of every persuasion. By the early 1940s, he was recognized as the top man in both fields, in 1943, Life Magazine called him the #1 Illustrator in America. Floyd MacMillan Davis was born on April 8,1896 and grew up in Chicago and his ancestors were Scottish and Welsh. For $3.00 a week he made tusche and did every kind of manual work entrusted to an apprentice and he was brought into contact with art and was given some opportunity to develop his own drawing skill. His first real art job was with Meyer Both & Co. the well-known Chicago Art Service, an early exponent of the drybrush technique, he had broken away before 1920 from the usual pen-and-ink drawings. His illustrations appeared in magazines, including Collier’s, The Saturday Evening Post. Davis early career was almost derailed by love and he returned from World War I duty to work at Grauman Brothers, Chicago. When a woman artist was hired, Davis was so distracted, the woman was Gladys Rockmore, and she and Davis were married in 1925. He had left the studio and was now an advertising artist. The following year, the moved to New York City where Floyd. Then, art editors had to compete with art directors of advertising agencies for his drawings and he became an accomplished illustrator for magazines like Womans Home Companion, American Magazine, and a long run at the Saturday Evening Post. He did advertisements for most of the major ad firms with clients like Texaco, Johnnie Walker, Eveready, Desoto, Real Silk, Nabisco, Grape Nuts, Caterpillar Inc. Floyd & Gladys moved to New York City and set up house-keeping in the old Sherwood Studios. On December 15,1928 and February 1,1930 respectively, Noel Montgomery Davis and Deborah Davis, their son, in 1932, they decided to go abroad for a year to Cannes, France near a Renoir enclave. In the thirties, Davis began to illustrate stories of humbler subjects and his pictures of southern rural and hill people for such authors as William Faulkner, Sigman Byrd, Glenn Allan, and MacKinlay Kantor became immensely popular. None of these details intruded on the story itself they are there for the perceptive viewer to discover. Readers responded enthusiastically, his pictures were admired as much as the stories themselves, the family moved in a social milieu which included luminaries in all the arts such as Ernest Hemingway, Dr. Thomas Mann, George Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein, and the puppeteer Bil Baird. They lived at 1 West 67th Street, known as the Hotel Des Artistes, later home of the famous Café des Artistes, at the start of 1942, Floyd Davis was featured in the January edition of American Artist. In 1942, Life Magazine sent Floyd Davis to Bermuda as a war correspondent to cover preparations for World War II and he completed nine paintings, one of which was used for the double page spread at the center of the magazine
Floyd MacMillan Davis
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Floyd Davis – 1946 Lord Calvert Ad
42.
Walter Biggs
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Walter Joseph Biggs was an American illustrator and fine art painter. Biggs was born in Elliston, Virginia, in 1886 and he studied in New York City at the New York School of Art. He was a student of Robert Henri, and some of his students included Edward Hopper. He later taught at the Art Students League and the New York School of Art and he lived in the suburban community of New Rochelle which was a well known artist colony and home to many of the top commercial illustrators of the day such as Frank and J. C. Also in residence were Al Parker, Mead Schaeffer and Dean Cornwell, wyeth and Harold von Schmidt would become leaders in the field. Biggs became known in the 1920s and 1930s for his illustrations for magazines such as the Ladies Home Journal. In 1944, Biggs was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, in 1963 he was inducted into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame. Walter Biggs died February 11,1968, an historical marker was erected at the intersection of Roanoke Boulevard and College Street, in Salem, Virginia, across from Biggs’ family home. Book, Great American Illustrators by Walt Reed, ISBN 0-517-31783-4 Walter Biggs artwork at American Art Archives web site Works by Walter Biggs at Project Gutenberg
Walter Biggs
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Biggs illustration used in a soap ad in 1922.
43.
Arthur William Brown
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Arthur William Brown was a Canadian commercial artist, most known for his work as an illustrator for the Saturday Evening Post, American Magazine, and Redbook. In the 1890s, he attended the Hamilton Art School and studied under John Gordon, at the age of 16, he was hired as a chalk plate artist for the Hamilton Spectator. He later left Hamilton and attended the Art Students League in New York City, and studied under Walter Appleton Clark, F. W. DuMond and he was later hired as an illustrator by the Saturday Evening Post, where his works were featured prominently. Browns works included illustrated stories of American authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Irvin Cobb and he also illustrated posters for the World War I war effort as well as book cover illustrations. In 1964, Brown earned the title of Dean of American Illustrators and was inducted into the Illustrators Hall of Fame by the American Society of Illustrators. Works by Arthur William Brown at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Arthur William Brown at Internet Archive
Arthur William Brown
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A YMCA poster created for the United War Work Campaign
44.
Al Parker (artist)
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Al Parker was an American artist and illustrator. Parkers display of talent as a teenager led his grandfather, a Mississippi River Pilot, to pay for Als first year in Washington Universitys School of Fine Arts in St. Louis and he also played saxophone in a jazz band on a river boat to earn money for tuition. He participated in many combination jam-sessions-and-sketching-trips to service hospitals during World War II and he married a fellow student, Evelyn, and later joined with several former classmates to open an advertising agency in St. Louis. The business did not do well during the Great Depression, Parker got a break when a cover illustration he did for House Beautiful won a national competition. He soon was producing illustrations for Chatelaine, Colliers, Ladies Home Journal, starting in 1938, he produced a total of 50 covers over a 13-year period for the Ladies Home Journal. He also sold illustrations to Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, McCalls, The Saturday Evening Post, Sports Illustrated, Town and Country and Vogue. Parker later became part of the art colony in suburban New Rochelle, New York, Parker is credited with creating a new school of illustration and was much imitated. In an effort to distinguish himself from his imitators, he worked in a variety of styles, themes, examples range from childrens crayons to acrylics. In cooperation with the art director, he secretly provided every illustration in an issue of Cosmopolitan, using different pseudonyms, styles. Over the years, he won more than twenty-five gold medals and awards of excellence in Art Directors Club and he was also a past president of the Westport Artists. Parker was one of the faculty members for the Famous Artists School. He was elected to the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame in 1965, a stamp commemorating his art was issued by the United States Postal Service on February 1,2001 as part of the American Illustrators Issue series. Parker moved to Carmel, California by 1961, and with the demise of many of the magazines and he continued to do occasional assignments for publications such as Sports Illustrated and Boys Life. One such commission was a series of paintings of the Grand Prix auto race of Europe for Sports Illustrated. His son, Kit Parker, founded the company, Kit Parker Films
Al Parker (artist)
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Al Parker in 1952
45.
Peter Helck
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Peter Helck was an American illustrator who specialized in depicting racecars. He estimated that he had produced more than 600 sketches, drawings and paintings during his career, Helck developed an early interest in automobiles, and as a boy caught rides with the race car driver who tested Simplex cars. He attended the Vanderbilt Cup on Long Island in 1906 and he studied art in New York City, where he could observe the new automobiles displayed in showrooms. His first sale was to the Brighton Beach Motordrome, and he was receiving commissions from the Sheepshead Bay Speedway. Helck worked for many of the major magazines, in particular The Autocar. In the 1930s Helck was commissioned by the Sinclair Oil Company to produce a large format road map and this map did much to build Sinclairs reputation and to promote driving for pleasure. In the mid-1940s he was commissioned by Esquire magazine for eight paintings depicting early motor racing and these did much to further interest in the old car hobby. In 1941 Helck acquired the famous Locomobile Old 16 racecar, which had won the 1908 Vanderbilt Cup, Helck kept the car in its original paint. Old 16 was given to Helcks son Jerry, who sold it to the Henry Ford Museum. In 1945 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, Helck was one of the founding faculty for the Famous Artists School. He also wrote and illustrated articles, along with two books, The Checkered Flag and Great Auto Races
Peter Helck
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v
46.
Austin Briggs
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Austin Briggs was a cartoonist and illustrator. Born in Humboldt, Minnesota he grew up in Detroit, Michigan before moving to New York City as a teenager, after working for a while at an advertising agency, he began providing illustrations for the upmarket pulp magazine Blue Book. Briggs later became an assistant to the cartoonist Alex Raymond on Flash Gordon, in 1940 he drew a Flash Gordon Daily strip which he stayed on until about 1944, he moved on to creating illustrations for books and magazines such as Readers Digest and The Saturday Evening Post. He was one of the faculty for the Famous Artists School. In 1969 he was elected to the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame, tegneseriemusee Biography Lambiek. nets biography Works by Austin Briggs at Project Gutenberg
Austin Briggs
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Flash and Dale as drawn by Briggs for the 12/04/1941 [
clarification needed] installment of Flash Gordon.
47.
Rube Goldberg
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Reuben Garrett Lucius Rube Goldberg was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for his political cartooning in 1948 and the Banshees Silver Lady Award in 1959. Goldberg was a member and the first president of the National Cartoonists Society, and he is the namesake of the Reuben Award. He is the inspiration for various competitions, known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests. Goldberg was born July 4,1883, in San Francisco, California, to Jewish parents Max and he was the third of seven children, three of whom died as children. Goldberg began tracing illustrations when he was four years old, Goldberg married Irma Seeman on October 17,1916. They lived at 98 Central Park West in New York City and had two sons named Thomas and George, during World War II Goldbergs sons changed their surname, at Goldbergs insistence, because of the amount of hatred towards him stemming from the political nature of his cartoons. Thomas chose the surname of George for his brother, and George, wanting to keep a sense of family cohesiveness, Thomas and Georges children now run a company called RGI to maintain the Goldberg name. John George is assisted by his cousin Jennifer George and Johns son Joshua George to keep the name alive. Goldbergs father was a San Francisco police and fire commissioner, who encouraged the young Reuben to pursue a career in engineering. Rube graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1904 with a degree in Engineering and was hired by the city of San Francisco as an engineer for the Water and Sewers Department. After six months he resigned his position with the city to join the San Francisco Chronicle where he became a sports cartoonist. The following year, he took a job with the San Francisco Bulletin, rather than lose Goldberg to Hearst, the New York Evening Mail matched the salary offer and formed the Evening Mail Syndicate to syndicate Goldbergs cartoons nationally. Goldberg was syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate from 1922 until 1934, the cartoons that brought him lasting fame involved a character named Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. In that series, Goldberg drew labeled schematics of the inventions that would later bear his name. The popularity of Goldbergs cartoons was such that the term Goldbergian was in use in print by 1915, Rube Goldberg appeared in the Random House Dictionary of the English Language in 1966 meaning having a fantastically complicated improvised appearance, or deviously complex and impractical. The corresponding term in the UK was, and still is, Heath Robinson, after the English illustrator with a devotion to odd machinery. Rube Goldberg wrote a film featuring his machines and sculptures called Soup to Nuts, which was released in 1930 and starred Ted Healy
Rube Goldberg
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In 1916
Rube Goldberg
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Rube Goldberg with family, 1929
Rube Goldberg
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Advertisement (1916)
Rube Goldberg
48.
Stevan Dohanos
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He named Grant Wood and Edward Hopper as the greatest influences on his painting. Dohanos attended the Cleveland School of Art and he worked in fine art as well as in commercial art. He was a member of the National Society of Mural Painters and he was a founding faculty member of the Famous Artists School of Westport, Connecticut. Dohanos worked for the Section of Painting and Sculpture of the U. S. Treasury Department, painting several post office murals, including those for West Palm Beach and his first magazine illustrator was for McCalls in 1938. In the early 1940s, he moved to Westport, Connecticut, Dohanos went on to paint over 125 Post covers during the 1940s and 1950s. He also illustrated for Esquire and other magazines, in the 1960s he became chairman of the Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee, which selected art to appear on United States postage stamps. He selected art for over 300 postage stamps during the administration of seven Presidents of the United States, in 1984, the Postal Services Hall of Stamps in Washington was dedicated in his honor. His easel paintings and prints have been displayed in the Cleveland Museum of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and Dartmouth College. He was nationally known as an illustrator and magazine cover artist, particularly for his appearing in The Saturday Evening Post. 8 Park, Marlene, Democratic vistas, post offices and public art in the New Deal Philadelphia, Post Office, features several Saturday Everning Post covers by Dohanos Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame inductee Stevan Dohanos
Stevan Dohanos
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1941 mural in the Post Office in
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
