1.
Haverfordwest
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Haverfordwest is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and serves as the countys principal commercial and administrative centre. The 2011 census quoted a population of 12,042 only living within the confines of the parish and this agreed with the total population of all 5 wards involved. The town includes the suburbs of Prendergast and Albert Town and the residential and industrial area of Withybush. Merlins Bridge, a village and community, adjoins to the south. The strategic position at the lowest fordable point of the Western Cleddau led to importance from the Roman era to the present. The majority of the town, comprising the old parishes of St. Mary, St. Martin and St. Thomas, on the left bank are the suburbs of Prendergast and Cartlett. At this point, a pair of ridges extending east-west and separated by a deep. This leaves two high spurs on the west side of the river, on the northern spur, the castle and its surrounding settlement form the core of St Martins parish. On the southern spur, the High Street ascends steeply from the river, from the foot of each spur, ancient bridges cross the river to Prendergast, St Martins Bridge and St Marys Bridge. St Thomass parish occupies the south side of the southern spur, from these core areas, the town has spread, mainly along the ridges. In addition to the four ancient parish churches, the remains of an Augustinian priory are visible at the edge of the town. The name of the town means ford used by heifers, from Old English hæfar=heifer, in local dialect, it is pronounced Harford. The Welsh language name is said by B. G, Charles to be merely a corruption of the English name, and as such has no meaning in Welsh. Another claim is that Tudor monarchs called it Hereford or Hertford in the West, the veracity of these competing explanations of the name origin continues to be a matter of debate amongst scholars and linguistic experts. It seems likely that such a strategic location would have been settled in some way from an early date. Some have asserted there is no documentary or archaeological evidence of a settlement on the site before the 12th century. However archaeological discoveries in Pembrokeshire suggest otherwise, Edward Llwyds note to Camdens Britannia refers to a valuable find of silver coins at Llanboidy, the latest coin being one of Domitian struck in AD91. In the 1920s Sir Mortimer Wheeler partially excavated a Roman dwelling or villa at Wolfscastle, the Roman legionary headquarters at Caerleon were roofed with slates from the lower slopes of the Preseli Hills
2.
Pembrokeshire
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Pembrokeshire is a county in the south west of Wales. It borders Carmarthenshire to the east and Ceredigion to the north east, Pembrokeshire County Councils headquarters are in the county town of Haverfordwest. Over the years Pembrokeshires beaches have received many International Blue Flag Awards, Green Coast Awards. In 2011 it had 39 beaches recommended by the Marine Conservation Society, industry is nowadays focused on agriculture and tourism, but historically mining and fishing were important activities. The county has a geography and a complex history. Pembrokeshires population was 122,400 at the 2011 census, an increase of 7. 2% from the 2001 figure of 114,131, Pembrokeshire is bordered by the sea on three sides, and by the counties of Ceredigion to the north east and Carmarthenshire to the east. Other towns include Pembroke, Pembroke Dock, Milford Haven, Fishguard, Tenby, Saundersfoot, Narberth, Neyland, St Davids, in the west of the county, is the United Kingdoms smallest city with a population of 2,000. Saundersfoot is the biggest village in Pembrokeshire with a population of well over 2,500, see List of places in Pembrokeshire for a comprehensive list of settlements in Pembrokeshire. The countys coastline includes internationally important seabird breeding sites and numerous bays, Pembrokeshire contains a predominantly coastal park, Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, which includes a 186-mile walking trail, the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. A large estuary and natural harbour at Milford Haven cuts deeply into the coast, this inlet is formed by the confluence of the Western Cleddau, the Eastern Cleddau, and rivers Cresswell and Carew. The estuary is bridged by the large Cleddau Bridge which carries the A477 between Neyland and Pembroke Dock, upstream bridges span the Cleddau at Haverfordwest and Canaston Bridge, large bays are Newport Bay, Fishguard Bay, St Brides Bay and a portion of Carmarthen Bay. There are several islands off the Pembrokeshire coast, the largest of which are Ramsey Island, Grassholm Island, Skomer Island. Pembrokeshires diverse range of features was a key factor in the establishment of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. Younger rocks have been lost by subsequent geological processes, the land on which Pembrokeshire is today was established approximately 60 million years ago by a combination of uplift and falling sea levels. The sea cliffs and inland tors that are now a feature of the county were those that were resistant to weathering that has taken place since. The landscape was subject to change as a result of the ice ages over the last several thousand years. About 20,000 years ago the Irish Sea ice sheet deposited areas of clays, while Pembrokeshire is not a seismically active area, two periods of activity were noted in the 19th century. In 1873 there was a shock in the west of the county
3.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
David Bale
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David Charles Howard Bale was a South African-born English entrepreneur and an environmentalist animal rights activist. He was the father of actor Christian Bale and the husband of Gloria Steinem, Bale was born in South Africa to English parents. His father, Philip Bale, was a Royal Air Force pilot, Bale grew up in England, Egypt, and the Channel Islands. He worked as a pilot and later ran a commuter airline in England. His business activities included marketing imported jeans and skateboards, Bale was an activist for environmental and animal rights causes. He served as a member of The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund and the Ark Trust. He also served as a member for World Education, Inc. an international non-profit organization known for its work in educational development, located in Boston, Massachusetts. His first marriage to Sandra Kreunen in South Africa ended in 1964 after she filed for divorce when he returned to England to visit his mother and his second marriage to Jenny James in England also ended in divorce. He had a daughter, Erin Bale Kreunen, from the first marriage, on 3 September 2000, he married the feminist writer, journalist, activist, and political leader Gloria Steinem. The wedding, in Oklahoma, was a ceremony at the home of her friend Wilma Mankiller. At the time of the marriage, Bale had been facing deportation after overstaying his visa, both Steinem and Bale denied that Bales immigration status was the motivation for the marriage. Steinem had in the past been critical of the institution of marriage and she said of her change in attitude toward marriage, I didnt change. We spent 30 years in the United States changing the marriage laws, if I had married when I was supposed to get married, I would have lost my name, my legal residence, my credit rating, many of my civil rights. Its possible to make an equal marriage, Bale died of brain lymphoma on 30 December 2003, at the age of 62. Tribute to David Bale by Gloria Steinem
6.
Art film
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An art film is typically a serious, independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience. Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as a film genre, art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres and film festivals. The term art film is more widely used in the United States, the UK and Australia than in Europe. A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to understand or appreciate such films. One mid-1990s art film was called largely a cerebral experience that one enjoys because of what you know about film and this contrasts sharply with mainstream blockbuster films, which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable. An art film may also be called an art movie, specialty film, art-house film, or, in the collective sense, there is overlap between the categories of art film, independent film and experimental film. The antecedents of art films included D. W. Griffiths Intolerance, the critics of the outside world praised these films. Art films were influenced by films by Spanish avant-garde creators, such as Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí. Cinéma Pur, a 1920s and 1930s French avant-garde film movement also influenced the development of the idea of art film, the cinema pur film movement included Dada artists, such as Man Ray, René Clair, and Marcel Duchamp. The Dadaists used film to transcend narrative conventions, bourgeois traditions, pure Cinema was influenced by such German absolute filmmakers as Hans Richter, Walter Ruttmann, and Viking Eggeling. Richter claimed that his 1921 film, Rhythmus 21, was the first abstract film ever created, nevertheless, Richters film Rhythmus 21 is considered an important early abstract film. William Siska argues that Italian neorealist films from the mid- to late-1940s, such as Open City, Paisa, Films shown in these art cinemas included. British, foreign-language, and independent American films, as well as documentaries, Films such as Rossellinis Open City and Mackendricks Tight Little Island, Bicycle Thieves and The Red Shoes were shown to substantial U. S. audiences. In the late 1950s, French filmmakers began to produce films that were influenced by Italian Neorealism and classical Hollywood cinema, auteur theory holds that the director is the author of his films, with a personal signature visible from film to film. The French New Wave movement continued into the 1960s, during the 1960s, the term art film began to be much more widely used in the United States than in Europe. In the U. S. the term is defined very broadly, to include foreign-language auteur films, independent films, experimental films, documentaries. In the 1960s art film became a euphemism in the U. S. for racy Italian, by the 1970s, the term was used to describe sexually explicit European films with artistic structure such as the Swedish film I Am Curious
7.
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
8.
Empire of the Sun (film)
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Empire of the Sun is a 1987 American epic coming-of-age war film based on J. G. Ballards semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. Steven Spielberg directed the film, which stars Christian Bale, John Malkovich, Miranda Richardson, harold Becker and David Lean were originally to direct before Spielberg came on board, initially as a producer for Lean. Spielberg was attracted to directing the film because of a connection to Leans films. He considers it to be his most profound work on the loss of innocence, amidst Japans invasion of China during World War II, Jamie Graham—a British upper middle class schoolboy—is enjoying a privileged and spoiled life in the Shanghai International Settlement. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese begin to occupy the settlement, jamies mother shouts at him over the panicked mob to wait at their house and promises that they will come back for him. He spends some time living in his home, but after eating all the food he ventures out into the city. Hungry, Jamie tries to surrender to some Japanese soldiers, who shrug, after being chased by a street urchin, he is taken in by Basie—an American expatriate and hustler—and his partner Frank, who nicknames him Jim. They intend to leave the boy in the streets when they are unable to sell his teeth for cash, there, Jamie finds his house lit and sees a figure in the window whom he thinks is his mother. He runs to the only to discover the house is occupied by Japanese troops. They are then taken to Lunghua Civilian Assembly Center in Shanghai for processing, a truck later arrives to take selected internees to the Suzhou Creek Internment Camp, Basie is among those selected to go but Jamie is not. Because he knows of the location, a desperate Jamie convinces the soldiers to take him. On arrival at the camp Jim wanders to the airfield to witness workers servicing a squadron of Zero fighters, as Jim reaches out to touch one he is confronted by a trio of fighter pilots. Jim salutes the pilots, and they salute Jim in return and it is now 1945, nearing the end of the Pacific War. Despite the terror and poor living conditions of the camp, Jim survives by establishing a successful trading network—which even involves the camps commander, Dr. Rawlins, the camps British doctor, becomes a father figure and teacher to Jim. One night after a raid, Nagata orders the destruction of the prisoners infirmary as reprisal. He only stops when Jim begs forgiveness, through the barbed wire fencing, Jim befriends a Japanese teenager, who is a trainee pilot. Jim also visits Basie in the American POW barracks, where Jim idolizes the Americans, Basie eventually sends Jim to set snare traps outside the camps wire, though Jim succeeds, Basie is only using him to test the area for land mines—plotting to escape. As a reward, Basie allows Jim to move into the American barracks with him, one morning at dawn, Jim witnesses a kamikaze ritual
9.
Patrick Bateman
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Patrick Bateman is a fictional character, the villain protagonist and narrator of the novel American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis, and its film adaptation. He is a wealthy, materialistic Wall Street investment banker who leads a life as a serial killer. Bateman has also appeared in other Ellis novels. In his secret life, however, Bateman is a killer murdering a variety of people. His crimes—including rape, torture, necrophilia, and cannibalism—are described in detail in the novel. Bateman comes from a wealthy family and his parents have a house on Long Island, and he mentions a summer house in Newport. His parents divorced sometime earlier, while his mother became sick and his father, who first appeared in Ellis preceding novel The Rules of Attraction, grew up on an estate in Connecticut, and now owns an apartment in the Carlyle Hotel in Manhattan. He is assumed to be dead as he is mentioned only in past tense during the novel, batemans younger brother Sean attends Camden College. Bateman attended Phillips Exeter Academy for prep school and he graduated from Harvard College in 1984 and Harvard Business School two years later, and moved to New York City. By the end of the novel, he believes he is about to be arrested for murdering a colleague named Paul Allen, and leaves a message on his lawyers answering machine confessing to his crimes. When he runs into his lawyer at a party, however, Bateman realizes that the punishment and notoriety he desires will be forever out of his reach, and that he is trapped inside a pointless existence, This is not an exit. As written by Ellis, Bateman is the stereotype of yuppie greed, rich, shallow, and addicted to sex, drugs. All of his friends look alike to him, to the point that he often confuses one for another and he is engaged to an equally rich, shallow woman named Evelyn Richards. He has a mistress on the side and has regular liaisons with prostitutes and women he encounters at clubs, the one woman in his life he has anything approaching feelings for is his secretary, Jean. She is the person in his life who is not completely shallow, so he cannot bring himself to seduce, rape. He casually acknowledges her as Jean, my secretary who is in love with me, despite his affluence and high social status, Bateman is wracked by feelings of insecurity and self-hatred. He kills many of his victims because they make him feel inadequate and he is deeply disliked by others as well—his friends mock him as the boy next door, his own lawyer refers to him as a bloody ass-kisser. A brown-nosing goody-goody, and he is dismissed as yuppie trash by people outside his social circle
10.
American Psycho (film)
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American Psycho is a 2000 American black comedy horror film co-written and directed by Mary Harron, based on Bret Easton Elliss 1991 novel of the same name. It stars Christian Bale, Willem Dafoe, Jared Leto, Josh Lucas, Chloë Sevigny, Samantha Mathis, Cara Seymour, Justin Theroux, producer Edward R. Pressman purchased the film rights to the novel in 1992. After discussions with David Cronenberg fell through, Harron was brought on to direct, Lionsgate acquired worldwide distribution in 1997 and temporarily replaced Harron and Bale with Oliver Stone as director and Leonardo DiCaprio portraying Patrick Bateman. DiCaprio left in favor of The Beach and Harron and Bale were brought back, American Psycho debuted at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21,2000, and was released theatrically on April 14,2000. The film received positive reviews and was a financial success, with critics mainly praising the screenplay. Bateman describes the material accoutrements of his lifestyle, including his daily morning exercise and he also discusses his music collection, with performers such as Huey Lewis and the News, Phil Collins, and Whitney Houston. His focus on a lifestyle is also evident by his taste in expensive designer clothing. Bateman and his associates flaunt their business cards in a display of vanity, enraged by the superiority of co-worker Paul Allens card, Bateman murders a homeless man and kills the mans dog. At a Christmas party, Bateman makes plans to have dinner with Paul, with Paul mistaking Bateman for another coworker, Bateman gets Paul drunk and lures him back to his apartment. He disposes of Pauls body, then goes to Pauls apartment to stage the situation so that others believe Paul has run off to London, Bateman is later interviewed about Pauls disappearance in his office by private detective Donald Kimball, hired by Pauls family. After they have sex, Bateman tells them to stay, while taking out instruments he uses for torture, in the next scene, the prostitutes leave his apartment bruised and bloodied. The next day, Batemans colleague Luis Carruthers reveals his new business card, Bateman tries to kill Luis in the restroom of an expensive restaurant, but cannot bring himself to strangle him. Luis mistakes the attempted murder for an advance and declares his love for Bateman. After murdering a model, Bateman invites his secretary, Jean, to dinner, when Jean arrives, Bateman, unbeknownst to her, holds a nailgun to the back of her head while the two converse. When he receives an answering machine message from his fiancée, he asks Jean to leave, Kimball meets Bateman for lunch and tells him he is not under suspicion. Bateman has a threesome with his friend Elizabeth and Christie at Pauls apartment, Bateman kills Elizabeth during sex, and Christie runs, discovering multiple female corpses as she searches for an exit. She is chased by a naked Bateman wielding a chainsaw, Bateman breaks off his engagement with Evelyn. That night, as he uses an ATM, he finds a stray kitten, as he prepares to shoot the cat, a woman sees him and tries to stop him, he shoots her and lets the cat go free
11.
The Machinist
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The Machinist is a 2004 psychological thriller film directed by Brad Anderson and written by Scott Kosar. The film stars Christian Bale and features Jennifer Jason Leigh, John Sharian, Aitana Sánchez-Gijón, the film is about Trevor Reznik, a machinist whose insomnia and psychological problems lead to a serious workplace accident involving a co-worker. After Reznik is fired, he goes into a spiral of paranoia. The film was well-received by critics, particularly for Bales performance and it is an international co-production of the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the United States. Trevor Reznik is a machinist whose insomnia has led to his becoming emaciated and his appearance and behavior keeps his coworkers away, and they eventually turn against him when he is involved in an accident that causes his coworker, Miller, to lose his left arm. Trevor, who was distracted by an unfamiliar co-worker named Ivan, is blamed for the accident, no one at the factory knows of Ivan and there are no records of him. Trevor seems to find peace only with Stevie, a prostitute with genuine affection for him, and with Marie and he is haunted by brief flashes of recurring imagery, and things such as his car cigarette lighter take on a menacing air. A mysterious series of post-it notes appear on his refrigerator, depicting a game of hangman and these vague incidents send him further into paranoia, but he nonetheless attempts to establish a relationship with Marie. Meeting her at an amusement park, Trevor goes with her son Nicholas on a fun house ride called Route 666, no longer able to think clearly, Trevor suspects that the bizarre events are a concerted effort to drive him insane. These ideas are fed to him in small random clues, one of them is a picture of Ivan fishing with Trevors coworker Reynolds, which he discovers in Ivans wallet when its left behind in a pub. Another near-accident at work causes Trevor to lash out in rage at his co-workers, as a result, increasingly distracted and alienated, Trevor forgets to pay his utility bills and his electricity is disconnected. A dark, viscous liquid begins trickling out of the freezer, after several attempts to confront Ivan, Trevor tries to trace his license plate. He follows Ivans car to read its license plate, but runs out of gas during the pursuit. When a DMV clerk insists that personal information cannot be released unless a crime has been committed, Trevor throws himself in front of a car in order to accuse Ivan of committing a hit and run. He files a report with Ivans plate number on it, only to be baffled when he is told that the car in question is his own. He flees from the policemen and goes to Stevie, who clothes and washes him. Confused, Stevie says the picture is of Reynolds and Trevor and he goes to the airport diner, but is told by an unfamiliar waitress that theyve never had an employee named Maria. The waitress has served Trevor every day for a year, Trevor saying so little the waitress began to think he was a mute, in the films climax, Trevor sees Ivan take Nicholas into Trevors apartment and, fearing the worst, sneaks inside
12.
Batman
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Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, originally named the Bat-Man, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the Worlds Greatest Detective. Batmans secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American playboy, philanthropist, after witnessing the murder of his parents Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath tempered by a sense of justice. Wayne trains himself physically and intellectually and crafts a bat-inspired persona to fight crime, Batman operates in the fictional Gotham City, with assistance from various supporting characters, including his butler Alfred, police commissioner Gordon, and vigilante allies such as Robin. A large assortment of villains make up Batmans rogues gallery, including his archenemy, Batman became popular soon after his introduction in 1939 and gained his own comic book title, Batman, the following year. As the decades went on, differing interpretations of the character emerged, the late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic, which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended. Various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots, the success of Warner Bros. live-action Batman feature films have helped maintain the publics interest in the character. The character has also intrigued psychiatrists, with trying to understand the characters psyche. In 2015, FanSided ranked Batman as number one on their list of 50 Greatest Super Heroes In Comic Book History. Kevin Conroy, Bruce Greenwood, Peter Weller, Anthony Ruivivar, Jason OMara, Batman has been portrayed in both film and television by Lewis Wilson, Robert Lowery, Adam West, Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer, George Clooney, Christian Bale, and Ben Affleck. In early 1939, the success of Superman in Action Comics prompted editors at National Comics Publications to request more superheroes for its titles, in response, Bob Kane created the Bat-Man. Collaborator Bill Finger recalled that Kane had an idea for a character called Batman, I went over to Kanes, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of. Reddish tights, I believe, with boots, with a small domino mask, swinging on a rope. He had two wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big sign, the bat-wing-like cape was suggested by Bob Kane, inspired by Leonardo Da Vincis sketch of an ornithopter flying device as a child. Finger suggested giving the character a cowl instead of a domino mask, a cape instead of wings. Finger said he devised the name Bruce Wayne for the secret identity, Bruce Waynes first name came from Robert Bruce. Wayne, being a playboy, was a man of gentry, I searched for a name that would suggest colonialism
13.
Christopher Nolan
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Christopher Edward Nolan is an English-American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and editor. He is one of the directors in history, and among the most successful. The acclaim garnered by his independent films gave Nolan the opportunity to make the thriller film Insomnia. His nine films have grossed over US$4.2 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 26 Oscar nominations, Nolan has co-written several of his films with his younger brother, Jonathan, and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife, Emma Thomas. Nolans films are rooted in philosophical, sociological and ethical concepts, exploring human morality, the construction of time, and his English father, Brendan James Nolan, was an advertising executive, and his American mother, Christina, worked as a flight attendant and an English teacher. His childhood was split between London and Evanston, Illinois, and he has both British and American citizenship and he has an older brother, Matthew Francis Nolan, a convicted criminal, and a younger brother, Jonathan. He began making films at age seven, borrowing his fathers Super 8 camera, growing up, Nolan was particularly influenced by Star Wars, and around the age of eight he made a stop motion animation homage called Space Wars. His uncle who worked at NASA, building systems for the Apollo rockets. I re-filmed them off the screen and cut them in, thinking no-one would notice, from the age of 11, he aspired to be a professional filmmaker. When Nolans family relocated to Chicago during his years, he started making films with Adrien. He has continued his collaboration with the brothers, receiving a credit for his assistance on their Oscar-nominated documentary Genghis Blues. Nolan also worked alongside Roko on documenting a safari across four African countries, Nolan was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, an independent school in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire, and later read English literature at University College London. He chose UCL specifically for its facilities, which comprised a Steenbeck editing suite and 16 mm film cameras. Nolan was president of the Unions Film Society, and with Emma Thomas he screened 35 mm feature films during the school year, during his college years, Nolan made two short films. The first was the surreal 8 mm Tarantella, which was shown on Image Union, the second was Larceny, filmed over a weekend in black and white with a limited cast, crew, and equipment. Funded by Nolan and shot with the equipment, it appeared at the Cambridge Film Festival in 1996 and is considered one of UCLs best shorts. After graduation, Nolan worked as a reader, camera operator. He also made a short, Doodlebug, about a man chasing an insect around a flat with a shoe
14.
Batman Begins
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Comic book storylines such as The Man Who Falls, Batman, Year One, and Batman, The Long Halloween served as inspiration. The goal was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne, the film, which was primarily shot in Iceland and Chicago, relied on traditional stunts and miniatures, while computer-generated imagery was used minimally. Batman Begins opened on June 15,2005, in the United States and it grossed over $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $374 million worldwide. The film received reviews and is considered by many to be one of the best superhero films of the 2000s. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and it is followed by The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises in a continual story-arc, which has later been referred to as The Dark Knight Trilogy. The film is presented in a narrative, jumping between the present and past. This is a summary of the plot. As a child, Bruce Wayne falls down into a dry well and is attacked by a swarm of bats, while watching an opera with his parents, Thomas and Martha, Bruce becomes frightened by performers masquerading as bats and asks to leave. Outside, mugger Joe Chill murders Bruces parents in front of him, orphaned, Bruce is raised by the family butler, Alfred Pennyworth. Fourteen years later, Chill is freed in exchange for testifying against Gotham City mafia boss Carmine Falcone, Bruce intends to murder Chill, but one of Falcones assassins does so first. Bruces childhood friend, assistant district attorney Rachel Dawes, berates him for attempting to undermine the justice system, Bruce confronts Falcone, who tells him that real power comes from being feared. Bruce decides to travel the world and learn how to confront injustice, while serving a prison sentence for theft in Bhutan, he meets Henri Ducard, who trains him as a member of the League of Shadows, led by Ras al Ghul. After completing his training and purging his fears, Bruce learns that the League intends to destroy Gotham, believing it to be corrupt, Bruce rejects the Leagues cause and burns down their temple during his escape. Ras is killed by falling debris, while Bruce saves the unconscious Ducard, Bruce returns to Gotham intent on fighting crime. Inspired by his fear, he takes up the vigilante identity of the Batman. He takes an interest in his familys company, Wayne Enterprises, company archivist Lucius Fox allows Bruce access to prototype defense technologies including a protective bodysuit and a heavily armored car called the Tumbler. Bruce poses as a shallow playboy to allay suspicion, Batman intercepts a drug shipment, provides Rachel with evidence against Falcone, and enlists Sergeant James Gordon, one of the few honest cops left in Gotham, to arrest him. Crane puts on a mask and sprays Falcone with a fear-inducing hallucinogen that drives him insane
15.
The Dark Knight (film)
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The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Nolans inspiration for the film was the Jokers comic book debut in 1940, the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke, and the 1996 series The Long Halloween, the nickname the Dark Knight was first applied to Batman in Batman #1, in a story written by Bill Finger. The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago, as well as in other locations in the United States, the United Kingdom. Nolan used IMAX70 mm film cameras to film some sequences, Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight, developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker. With over $1 billion in worldwide, it is the 26th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received eight Academy Award nominations, it won the award for Best Sound Editing, the Dark Knight Rises, the final film in the trilogy, was released on July 20,2012. A gang of criminals rob a Gotham City mob bank, double-crossing and murdering each other there is only one left, The Joker. Batman, District Attorney Harvey Dent and Lieutenant Jim Gordon form an alliance to rid Gotham of organized crime, Mob bosses Sal Maroni, Gambol and the Chechen hold a videoconference with corrupt accountant Lau, who has taken their funds and fled to Hong Kong. The Joker interrupts, warns them that Batman is unhindered by the law, and offers to him in exchange for half of their money. After escaping and smuggling himself as a corpse, the Joker kills Gambol, the mob ultimately decides to take the Joker up on his offer. Dent arrests the mob, while Batman finds Lau in Hong Kong. The Joker threatens to keep killing people unless Batman reveals his identity, and starts by murdering Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb, the Joker also tries to kill Mayor Anthony Garcia, but Gordon sacrifices himself to stop the assassination. Dent learns that Rachel is the next target, Bruce decides to reveal his secret identity. Before he can, however, Dent announces that he is Batman, Dent is taken into protective custody, but the Joker appears and attacks the convoy. Batman comes to Dents rescue and Gordon, who faked his death, Rachel and Dent are escorted away by Michael Wuertz and Anna Ramirez, detectives on Maronis payroll. Batman interrogates the Joker, who reveals that Rachel and Dent have been trapped in separate locations rigged with explosives, Batman races to save Rachel, while Gordon goes to save Dent. Batman arrives at the building, realizing that the Joker sent him to Dents location instead, both buildings explode, killing Rachel and disfiguring half of Dents face. The Joker escapes the jail with Lau. Coleman Reese, an accountant at Wayne Enterprises, deduces that Bruce is Batman, after observing the unpredictability of the Joker, Maroni informs the Jokers location to Commissioner Gordon
16.
The Dark Knight Rises
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The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer. Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the installment in Nolans Batman film trilogy. Christian Bale reprises the role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of allies, Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon. The film introduces Selina Kyle, and Bane, eight years after the events of The Dark Knight, merciless revolutionary Bane forces an older Bruce Wayne to resume his role as Batman and save Gotham City from nuclear destruction. Nolan drew inspiration from Banes comic book debut in the 1993 Knightfall storyline, the 1986 series The Dark Knight Returns, filming took place in locations including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh. Nolan used IMAX70 mm film cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, a vehicle variation of the Batplane and Batcopter termed the Bat, an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film. As with The Dark Knight, viral marketing campaigns began early during production, the Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16,2012. The film was released in the United States and the United Kingdom on July 20,2012 and it received positive reviews from critics, many of whom named it one of the best films of 2012. Like its predecessor, the film grossed over $1 billion worldwide at the box office and it is currently the 17th-highest-grossing film of all time, the third-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the fourth-highest-grossing superhero film of all time. Eight years after the death of district attorney Harvey Dent, the Dent Act grants the Gotham City Police Department powers which nearly eradicate organized crime, Police Commissioner James Gordon feels guilty for covering up Dents crimes, from when he was turned into a murderer by the Joker. He writes a resignation speech confessing the truth but decides against using it, Bruce Wayne has become a recluse, broken by the death of his childhood sweetheart Rachel Dawes and has retired as the vigilante Batman after taking the blame for Dents crimes and death. Cat burglar Selina Kyle obtains Waynes fingerprints from his home and kidnaps congressman Byron Gilley and she sells the fingerprints to Phillip Stryver, an assistant to Waynes business rival John Daggett. She requests a clean slate that can wipe all traces of a person from the internet as payment, Stryver double-crosses Kyle, but she uses Gilleys phone to alert the police to their location. Gordon and the police arrive to find the congressman, and then pursue Stryvers men into the sewers while Selina flees, the police attempt to follow them into the sewers, but the men that enter are killed. Gordon is captured, while the rest of the police are assailed down by sniper fire, the assailants drag Gordon to Bane, a masked mercenary, who has him searched and finds his resignation speech. Gordon escapes and is found by John Blake, a patrol officer, Gordon promotes Blake to detective, with Blake reporting directly to him. Bane and multiple accomplices attack the Gotham Stock Exchange, using Bruces fingerprints in a transaction that leaves Wayne bankrupt, Waynes butler Alfred Pennyworth reveals that Rachel had intended to marry Dent before she died. Alfred then resigns in an attempt to convince Bruce to move on from being Batman, Wayne Enterprises is losing profits after Wayne discontinued his fusion reactor project when he learned that the core could be weaponized
17.
Batman in film
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The fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, has appeared in various films since his inception. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character first starred in two films in the 1940s, Batman and Batman and Robin. The character also appeared in the 1966 film Batman, which was a film adaptation of the 1960s Batman TV series starring Adam West and Burt Ward. Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began producing a series of films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989 film Batman, directed by Tim Burton. Burton and Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel Batman Returns, and in 1995, Schumacher also directed the 1997 sequel Batman & Robin, which starred George Clooney. Batman & Robin was poorly received by critics and fans, leading to the cancellation of Batman Unchained. Nolan returned to two further installments in the trilogy, The Dark Knight in 2008 and The Dark Knight Rises in 2012 with Bale reprising his role in both films. The two sequels both earned over $1 billion worldwide, making Batman the second franchise to have two of its films earn more than $1 billion worldwide. Batman has also appeared in animated films, both as a starring character and as an ensemble character. While most animated films were released direct-to-video, the 1993 animated feature Batman, Mask of the Phantasm, based on the 1990s Batman, The Animated Series, was released theatrically. Having earned a total of U. S. $1,900,844,295, Batman was a 15-chapter serial film released in 1943 by Columbia Pictures. The serial starred Lewis Wilson as Batman and Douglas Croft as Robin, J. Carrol Naish played the villain, an original character named Dr. Daka. Rounding out the cast were Shirley Patterson as Linda Page, the plot is based on Batman, a US government agent, attempting to defeat the Japanese agent Dr. Daka, at the height of World War II. The film is notable for being the first filmed appearance of Batman, the film introduced The Bats Cave and the Grandfather clock entrance. The name was altered to the Batcave for the comic, William Austin, who played Alfred, had a trim physique and sported a thin mustache, while the contemporary comic book version of Alfred was overweight and clean-shaven prior to the serials release. The comics version of Alfred was altered to match that of Austins, Batman and Robin was another 15-chapter serial film released in 1949 by Columbia Pictures. Robert Lowery played Batman, while Johnny Duncan played Robin, Supporting players included Jane Adams as Vicki Vale and veteran character actor Lyle Talbot as Commissioner Gordon. The plot dealt with the Dynamic Duo facing off against the Wizard, Batman is a 1966 film adaptation of the popular Batman television series, and was the first full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character
18.
Dicky Eklund
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Richard Dick Eklund Jr. is an American former professional boxer in the Welterweight division. A former New England Welterweight Champion, Eklund was known as The Pride of Lowell and he is the half-brother and former trainer of former WBU World Champion Micky Ward. The 2010 biopic The Fighter is based on the two fall and rise to the boxing title. After an amateur boxing career of 200 bouts, winning 194, after losing his debut by 6-round decision to Joe DeFayette, Eklund won 10 straight fights, defeating such opponents as Doug Romano, Terry Rondeau, Carlos Garcia, Randy Milton, and Mike Michaud. He fought professionally as Dick Eklund, Dicky was a used by his family. Before his 1978 match with future world boxing champion Sugar Ray Leonard, Eklunds most notable fight was on July 18,1978, against Sugar Ray Leonard at the Hynes Memorial Auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts. He went the distance against Leonard, who won the fight by unanimous decision. During the fight, Eklund was knocked down twice, in the ninth round, the fighters got wrapped up and Leonard tripped, which was counted as a trip by the referee. In the film The Fighter, Eklund claims to have knocked down Leonard in their match, while the film acknowledges the slip, a video of the fight shows a punch/push and Leonard falling to the canvas on his back. The official verdict by the referee Tommy Rawson was a slip, in an interview regarding the knockdown, Leonard said, I slipped. Eklunds fastest victory was a first round knockout over C. J. Faison in Montreal, according to the 1983 Ring Record Book, Eklund knocked out Canadas Allan Clarke in 9 rounds on August 25,1981. Clarkes record was listed by the Ring as 21–4–1, on October 25,1983, Eklund defeated James Lucas to win the USA New England Welterweight Title. Following a rematch victory over Lucas in 1985, Eklund never fought again, Eklunds fighting career spanned 10 years from 1975 to 1985, during which he compiled a professional career record of 19 wins, including four by knockout, and 10 losses. After Eklunds fighting career ended, he became the trainer of his half-brother, Eklund was Wards full-time trainer for 26 fights, from Wards professional debut in 1985 until his first retirement in 1991. Three of Wards post-retirement fights were voted fight of the year by The Ring, Eklund served as Wards trainer until his second retirement, after his third fight with Arturo Gatti on June 7,2003. Wards biography, written by Bob Halloran and titled Irish Thunder, The Hard Life and Times of Micky Ward, discusses much of Eklunds life, Eklund now works as a personal trainer and boxing coach in New England. He also travels the United States with Micky Ward, giving speeches to college students. Eklund has two sons, Dicky Jr and Tommy, and a daughter, Kerry, paramount Pictures 2010 drama The Fighter chronicles the rise of Eklunds younger half-brother Micky Ward
19.
David O. Russell
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David Owen Russell is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His early directing career includes the comedy films Spanking the Monkey, Flirting with Disaster, Three Kings, Russell received his seventh Golden Globe nomination for the semi-biographical comedy-drama Joy. Russell was born in Manhattan, to Maria and Bernard Russell and his parents worked for Simon & Schuster, his father was the vice president of sales for the company and his mother was a secretary there. His father was from a Russian Jewish family and his mother was Italian American, russells maternal grandparents were Frank Muzio, born in Craco, and Philomena Brancata, born in Ferrandina, both in the province of Matera. His paternal grandfather, a butcher from the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Russell was raised in Larchmont, New York, in an atheist, middle-class household. When he was 13, he made his first film for a school project and he attended Mamaroneck High School, where he was voted Class Rebel. He fell in love with film in his teens but aspired to become a writer, Russell started a newspaper in high school and his parents worked for a publishing company, so he grew up in a household filled with books and novels. Russell received his A. B. degree from Amherst College and he wrote his senior thesis on the United States intervention in Chile from 1963 to 1973. After graduating from Amherst, Russell traveled to Nicaragua and taught in a Sandinista literacy program and he worked manual labor jobs, including waitering, bartending, and catering. Some of his colleagues included members of the Blue Man Group. He worked for an association and later became a community organizer in Maine. He used video equipment to document slums and bad housing conditions, Russell was a political activist and canvassed and raised money in neighborhoods, he also did community work in Bostons South End. In addition to working in several day jobs, he began to write short films, Russell directed a documentary about Panamanian immigrants in Boston, which led to a job as a production assistant on a PBS series called Smithsonian World. In 1987, Russell wrote, produced, and directed Bingo Inferno, A Parody on American Obsessions, two years later, he made another short titled Hairway to the Stars, which featured Bette Davis and William Hickey. Both shorts were shown at the Sundance Film Festival, after Russell made an award-winning short film for a Boston television station, he received grants from the New York State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts. Instead of the money going towards a feature about a fortune cookie writer, he decided to make Spanking the Monkey, as a result, Russell had to return the funds to the NEA. Spanking the Monkey, the 1994 independent dark comedy, was his first directorial effort, the film was produced by Dean Silvers, and starred Jeremy Davies as a troubled young man and Alberta Watson as his lonely mother. His next project was the Miramax comedy Flirting with Disaster, his collaboration with Dean Silvers
20.
The Fighter
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The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg, Christian Bale, Amy Adams and Melissa Leo. The film centers on the lives of professional boxer Micky Ward, the film also stars Amy Adams as Mickys girlfriend Charlene Fleming, and Melissa Leo as Micky and Dickys mother, Alice Eklund-Ward. The film was inspired by the 1995 documentary that features the Eklund-Ward family, titled High on Crack Street, the film was released in select North American theaters on December 17,2010 and was released in the United Kingdom on February 4,2011. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning the awards for Best Supporting Actor and it was the first film to win both awards since Hannah and Her Sisters in 1986. Micky Ward is an American welterweight boxer from Lowell, Massachusetts, managed by his mother, Alice Ward, and trained by his older half-brother, Dicky Eklund, Micky became a stepping stone for other boxers to defeat on their way up. Dicky, a boxer whose peak of success was going the distance with Sugar Ray Leonard in 1978 has become addicted to crack cocaine. He is being filmed for an HBO documentary he believes to be about his comeback, despite Mickys reservations, his mother and brother agree so that they can all get the purse and Micky is defeated. Micky retreats from the world and forms a relationship with Charlene Fleming, after several weeks, Alice arranges another fight for Micky, concerned it will turn out the same. His mother and seven sisters blame Charlene for his lack of motivation, Micky mentions he received an offer to be paid to train in Las Vegas, but Dicky says he will match the offer so he can keep training and working with his family. Dicky then tries to get money by posing his girlfriend as a prostitute and then, once she picks up a client and this is foiled by the actual police and Dicky is arrested after a chase and a fight with them. Micky tries to stop the police from beating his brother and a police officer brutally breaks his hand before arresting him, at their arraignment, Micky is released, but Dicky is sent to jail. Micky washes his hands of Dicky, Dicky begins training and trying to get his life together in prison. Micky is lured back into boxing by his father, who believes Alice, the other members of his training team and a new manager, Sal Lanano, persuade Micky to return to boxing with the explicit understanding that his mother and brother will no longer be involved. They place Micky in minor fights to help him regain his confidence and he is then offered another major fight against an undefeated up-and-coming boxer. During a prison visit, Dicky advises Micky on how best to work his opponent, during the actual match, Micky is nearly overwhelmed, but then implements his brothers advice and triumphs, he earns the title shot for which his opponent was being groomed. Upon his release from prison, Dicky and his mother go to see Micky train, assuming things are as they were, Dicky prepares to spar with his brother, but Micky informs him that he is no longer allowed per Mickys agreement with his current team. In the ensuing argument, in which Micky chastises both factions of his family, Charlene and his leave in disgust. Micky and Dicky spar until Micky knocks Dicky down, Dicky storms off, presumably to get high again, and Alice chides Micky, only to be sobered when he tells her that she has always favored Dicky
21.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
22.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
23.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
24.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
25.
American Hustle
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American Hustle is a 2013 American black comedy-crime film directed by David O. Russell. It was written by Eric Warren Singer and Russell, inspired by the FBI ABSCAM operation of the late 1970s and early 1980s. It stars Christian Bale and Amy Adams as two con artists who are forced by an FBI agent to set up a sting operation on corrupt politicians, including the mayor of Camden. Jennifer Lawrence plays the wife of Bales character. Principal photography on the film began on March 8,2013, in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, American Hustle had its nationwide release in the United States on December 13,2013. It opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its writing. In 1978, con artists Irving Rosenfeld and Sydney Prosser have started a relationship and are working together, Sydney has improved Rosenfelds scams, posing as English aristocrat Lady Edith Greensly. Irving loves Sydney, though is hesitant to leave his unstable and histrionic wife Rosalyn, fearing he will contact with her son Danny. Rosalyn has also threatened to report Irving to the police if he leaves her, FBI agent Richie DiMaso catches Irving and Sydney in a loan scam, but offers to release them if Irving can line up four additional arrests. Richie believes Sydney is English but has proof that her claim of aristocracy is fraudulent, Sydney tells Irving she will manipulate Richie, distancing herself from Irving. Irving has a friend pretending to be a wealthy Arab sheikh looking for investments in America. Carmine seems to have a desire to help the areas economy. Richie devises a plan to make mayor Polito the target of an operation, despite the objections of Irving and of Richies boss. Sydney helps Richie manipulate an FBI secretary into making a wire transfer of $2,000,000. When Stoddards boss, Anthony Amado, hears of the operation, he praises Richies initiative, Carmine leaves their meeting when Richie presses him to accept a cash bribe. Irving convinces Carmine the sheikh is legitimate, expressing his dislike of Richie, Richie arranges for Carmine to meet the sheikh, and without consulting the others, has Mexican-American FBI agent Paco Hernandez play the sheikh, which displeases Irving. Carmine brings the sheikh to a party, explaining mobsters are there. Irving is surprised to hear that Mafia overlord Victor Tellegio, right-hand man to Meyer Lansky, is present, Mafia man Tellegio explains that the business needs the sheikh to become an American citizen and that Carmine will need to expedite the process
26.
Adam McKay
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Adam McKay is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, comedian, and actor. McKay served as writer for the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live for two seasons. He directed Anchorman, The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Talladega Nights, The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, Step Brothers, The Other Guys, McKay has a creative partnership with actor Will Ferrell, with whom he co-wrote all except one of these films. The Big Short was the first film McKay directed without Ferrell in the cast, McKay and Ferrell produced their comedy website Funny or Die through their company Gary Sanchez Productions also HBOs Eastbound & Down. McKay was born in 1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a cocktail waitress mother and he graduated from Great Valley High School in Malvern, Pennsylvania, and attended Penn State and Temple University. McKay dropped out from the university a semester-and-a-half before he was set to earn his bachelor’s and he described it as, settling with an imaginary degree”. While a member of the mainstage cast at Second City, he wrote and performed in that companys landmark revue, the latter performance was excerpted in Second Citys 40th anniversary compilation. Mckay serves on the Creative Council of Represent. Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization, McKay has an essential tremor, a benign neurological disorder that sometimes causes shaking. He is also a supporter of the Democratic Party and other liberal causes and he endorsed Bernie Sanders for President of the United States during the 2016 Presidential Election. In 1996, he married director and actress Shira Piven, who directed the 2014 feature film Welcome to Me starring Kristen Wiig and his brother-in-law is actor Jeremy Piven. McKay originally auditioned for Saturday Night Live to be an onscreen performer, however, the scripts he submitted to the long-running sketch show earned him a job as writer from 1995 to 2001, including three seasons as head writer. He also directed a number of films for the show. McKay encouraged his Second City friend Tina Fey to submit some of her scripts to Saturday Night Live, in 2007, Ferrell and McKay launched the user-submitted comedy video site Funny or Die. A video on the site, titled The Landlord features both him and his daughter, Pearl, whom Ferrell and his wife bait to say curse words. Pearl also starred in a video titled Good Cop, Baby Cop. Ferrell. He rewrote the script for the Marvel Studios feature film Ant-Man, in addition to Eastbound & Down, he has also produced the TV series Big Lake, the miniseries The Spoils of Babylon, and The Chris Gethard Show. McKay directed and co-wrote with Ferrell the George W. Bush Broadway show and he produced the horror-action film Hansel and Gretel, Witch Hunters. McKay is in talks to direct the remake of Uptown Saturday Night, with Denzel Washington, McKay directed the TV movie documentary Lifecasters
27.
The Big Short (film)
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The Big Short, Inside the Doomsday Machine is a non-fiction book by Michael Lewis about the build-up of the United States housing bubble during the 2000s. The book was released on March 15,2010, by W. W. Norton & Company and it spent 28 weeks on The New York Times best-seller list. The book also highlights the nature of the type of person who bets against the market or goes against the grain. The book was shortlisted for the 2010 Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award and it spent 28 weeks on The New York Times non-fiction bestseller list. It also received the 2011 Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice, Paramount acquired the rights to The Big Short, Inside the Doomsday Machine in 2013. On March 24,2014, it was announced that Adam McKay would direct the adaptation. On January 13,2015, Variety reported that Brad Pitt, Christian Bale and Ryan Gosling were set to star in the film, plan B Entertainment financed the film with Paramount handling the distribution rights. Production started on March 23,2015 in New Orleans, LA
28.
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
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The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society is a non-profit, marine conservation organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington, in the United States. Sea Shepherd uses direct action tactics to protect marine life, the group has a strong focus on public relations to spread its message via the media. Sea Shepherd currently operates nine vessels, Sea Shepherd claims that their aggressive actions are necessary, as the international community has shown itself unwilling or unable to stop species-endangering whaling and fishing practices. Sea Shepherd has received support for its tactics against fishing, whaling, the tactics of Sea Shepherd have been opposed, even by those who denounce whaling, such as Greenpeace and the governments of Australia and New Zealand. The Japanese government have called them eco-terrorists, however, in March 2014 the International Court of Justice ruled the Japanese whaling program in the Southern Ocean was not, as claimed, for scientific purposes, and ordered Japan to cease operations. Paul Watson and American members of Sea Shepherd are currently prohibited by US courts from approaching or harassing Japanese whalers. Initially without funding and with only a group of supporters, in 1978 Watson convinced Cleveland Amory, head of the Fund for Animals to fund Watsons first vessel. The first direct action undertaken by Sea Shepherd was against Canadian seal hunting in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in March 1979, also in 1979, the group made headlines when, for the first time, they rammed a pirate whaling vessel, the notorious Sierra. Such acts continued with Sea Shepherd claiming responsibility for damaging or sinking multiple whaling ships, the group has attempted to intervene against Russian, Spanish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Makah, Faroese, and Japanese whalers in multiple campaigns around the globe. Setting a pattern that the group would keep up in years, the group managed to scuttle a Portuguese whaling vessel, though the first Sea Shepherd was impounded. Watson states he used the money gained from selling the rights to fund his next vessel. Starting in September 2010, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has positioned a crew in Taiji, Japan to monitor, Sea Shepherd is a non-governmental, non-profit environmental organization. In the United States it has a 501 tax exempt status, most of the organizations revenue—83.2 percent—is spent on its programs, while 16.7 percent of revenue is spent on administrative and fundraising. It is supported by private and corporate donations, lectures by Watson, internet advertising, the group is operated by volunteers and a small number of paid staff. Watson says he is committed to keeping his small. Sea Shepherd is governed by a board of directors, including Watson, the organization has several boards of advisers, each addressing an area of expertise. The Scientific, Technical, and Conservation Advisory Board includes Earth First, founder Dave Foreman and Horst Klienschmidt, a former deputy chair of the International Whaling Commission. The Animal Welfare, Humane and Animal Rights Advisory Board included animal rights philosopher Tom Regan, the Media and Arts Advisory Board includes several major Hollywood stars
29.
Greenpeace
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Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 40 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It uses direct action, lobbying, research, and ecotage to achieve its goals, the global organization does not accept funding from governments, corporations, or political parties, relying on 2.9 million individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace is known for its actions and has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world. Greenpeace has raised environmental issues to public knowledge, and influenced both the private and the public sector, in the late 1960s, the U. S. had plans for an underground nuclear weapon test in the tectonically unstable island of Amchitka in Alaska. Because of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the plans raised concerns of the test triggering earthquakes. A1969 demonstration of 7,000 people blocked a major U. S. –Canada border crossing in British Columbia and its Your Fault If Our Fault Goes. The protests did not stop the U. S. from detonating the bomb, while no earthquake or tsunami followed the test, the opposition grew when the U. S. announced they would detonate a bomb five times more powerful than the first one. Among the opposers were Jim Bohlen, a veteran who had served in the U. S. Navy, and Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, as members of the Sierra Club Canada, they were frustrated by the lack of action by the organization. From Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen learned of a form of resistance, bearing witness. Jim Bohlens wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, the idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club. The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 The Dont Make a Wave Committee was established for the protest, early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert Hunter and his wife Bobbi Hunter. Subsequently, the Stowe home at 2775 Courtenay Street became the headquarters, as Rex Weyler put it in his chronology, Greenpeace, in 1969, Irving and Dorothy Stowes quiet home on Courtenay Street would soon become a hub of monumental, global significance. Some of the first Greenpeace meetings were held there, the first office was opened in a backroom, storefront on Cypress and West Broadway SE corner in Kitsilano, Vancouver. Within half a year Greenpeace would move in to share the office space with The Society Promoting Environmental Conservation at 4th. Irving Stowe arranged a concert that took place on October 16,1970 at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver. The concert created the basis for the first Greenpeace campaign. Amchitka, the 1970 concert that launched Greenpeace was published by Greenpeace in November 2009 on CD and is available as an mp3 download via the Amchitka concert website. Using the money raised with the concert, the Dont Make a Wave Committee chartered a ship, the ship was renamed Greenpeace for the protest after a term coined by activist Bill Darnell
30.
World Wide Fund for Nature
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It was formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its official name in Canada and the United States. It is the worlds largest conservation organization with five million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 1,300 conservation. WWF is a foundation, with 55% of funding from individuals and bequests, 19% from government sources, the groups mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. Currently, much of its work concentrates on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the biodiversity, oceans and coasts, forests. Among other issues, it is concerned with endangered species, sustainable production of commodities. The Conservation Foundation, a precursor to WWF, was founded in 1947 by Fairfield Osborn in New York City in support of capitalism-friendly ecological practices. The advisory council included leading scientists such as Charles Sutherland Elton, G Evelyn Hutchinson, Aldo Leopold, Carl Sauer, and Paul Sears. It supported much of the work cited by Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, including that of John L. George, Roger Hale, Robert Rudd. In 1990, the Conservation Foundation was merged into WWF, after becoming an affiliate of WWF in 1985, the organization now known as the Conservation Foundation in the United States is the former Forest Foundation of DuPage County. The idea for a fund on behalf of endangered animals was initially proposed by Victor Stolan to Sir Julian Huxley in response to articles he published in the British newspaper The Observer, nicholson thought up the name of the organization. WWF was conceived on 29 April 1961, under the name of World Wildlife Fund, godfrey A. Rockefeller also played an important role in its creation, assembling the first staff. For sending experts to danger spots and training, making it all possible that their needs are met before it is too late. WWF has set up offices and operations around the world, the organization also began to run its own conservation projects and campaigns, and by the 1980s started to take a more strategic approach to its conservation activities. In 1986, the changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature. However, it continued at that time to operate under the name in the United States. We shant save all we should like to, but we shall save a great deal more than if we had never tried, – Sir Peter Scott In 1996, the organization obtained general consultative status from UNESCO. WWFs giant panda logo originated from a panda named Chi Chi that had transferred from Beijing Zoo to London Zoo in 1958. The logo was founded by Young in 1966, the organization also needed an animal that would have an impact in black and white printing
31.
Circus
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The term circus also describes the performance which has followed various formats through its 250-year modern history. Philip Astley is credited with being the father of the circus when he opened the first circus in 1768 in England. Early circuses were almost exclusively demonstrations of equestrian skills with a few types of acts to link the horsemanship performances. Performances developed significantly through the next fifty years, with large scale theatrical battle reenactments becoming a significant feature, as styles of performance have changed since the time of Astley, so too have the types of venues where these circuses have performed. The earliest modern circuses were performed in open air structures with limited covered seating, from the late 18th to late 19th century custom-made circus buildings were built with various types of seating, a centre ring, and sometimes a stage. The traditional large tents, commonly known as Big Tops were introduced in the mid 19th century as touring circuses superseded static venues and these tents eventually became the most common venue and remain so to the present day. Contemporary circuses perform in a variety of venues including tents, theatres, many circus performances are still held in a ring usually 13 m in diameter. This dimension was adopted by Philip Astley in the late 18th century as the minimum diameter that enabled a horse rider to stand upright on a cantering horse to perform their tricks. In the book De Spectaculis early Christian writer Tertullian claimed that the first circus games were staged by the goddess Circe in honour of her father Helios, the modern and commonly held idea of a circus is of a Big Top with various acts providing entertainment therein. For many, circus history begins with Englishman Philip Astley, while for others its origins go back much further—to Roman times. In Ancient Rome, the circus was a building for the exhibition of horse and chariot races, equestrian shows, staged battles, gladiatorial combat, the Roman circus buildings were, however, not circular but rectangular with semi circular ends. The lower seats were reserved for persons of rank, There were also various state boxes for the giver of the games, the circus was the only public spectacle at which men and women were not separated. It was constructed during the monarchy and, at first, built completely from wood, after being rebuilt several times, the final version of the Circus Maximus could seat 250,000 people, it was built of stone and measured 400m in length and 90m in width. Next in importance were the Circus Flaminius and the Circus Neronis, a fourth circus was constructed by Maxentius, its ruins have helped archaeologists reconstruct the Roman circus. For some time after the fall of Rome, large buildings fell out of use as centres of mass entertainment. Instead, itinerant performers, animal trainers and showmen travelled between towns throughout Europe, performing at local fairs, Astley performed stunts in a 42 ft diameter ring, which is the standard size used by circuses ever since. Astley referred to the arena as a Circle and the building as an amphitheatre. Joseph Grimaldi, the first mainstream clown, had his first major role as Little Clown in the pantomime The Triumph of Mirth, or, the Royal Circus opened in London on 4 November 1782 by Charles Dibdin and his partner Charles Hughes
32.
Surrey
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Surrey is a county in the south east of England. It shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west, Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent, the London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth, and parts of Lewisham and Bromley were in Surrey until 1889. The boroughs of Croydon, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Sutton and Richmond upon Thames south of the River Thames were part of Surrey until 1965, when they too were absorbed into Greater London. In the same year, the county was extended north of the Thames by the addition of Spelthorne, due to this expansion, modern Surrey also borders on the London boroughs of Hounslow and Hillingdon. It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county, Surrey is divided in two by the chalk ridge of the North Downs, running east-west. To the north of the Downs the land is mostly flat, the geology of this area is dominated by London Clay in the east, Bagshot Sands in the west and alluvial deposits along the rivers. Much of Surrey is in the Metropolitan Green Belt and it contains a good deal of mature woodland. Among its many notable beauty spots are Box Hill, Leith Hill, Frensham Ponds, Newlands Corner and Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons. Surrey is the most wooded county in England, with 22. 4% coverage compared to an average of 11. 8%. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of woodland in the UK. Surrey also contains Englands principal concentration of lowland heath, on soils in the west of the county. Agriculture not being intensive, there are many commons and access lands, together with a network of footpaths and bridleways including the North Downs Way. Accordingly, Surrey provides much in the way of leisure activities. The highest elevation in Surrey is Leith Hill near Dorking and it is either 293,294 or 295 metres above sea level and is the second highest point in southeastern England after Walbury Hill 297 metres in West Berkshire. Surrey has a population of approximately 1.1 million people and its largest town is Guildford, with a population of 66,773, Woking comes a close second with 62,796. They are followed by Ewell with 39,994 people and Camberley with 30,155, towns of between 25,000 and 30,000 inhabitants are Ashford, Epsom, Farnham, Staines and Redhill. Guildford is the county town, although the county administration was moved to Newington in 1791
33.
Dorset
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Dorset /ˈdɔːrsᵻt/ is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the county, which is governed by Dorset County Council. Covering an area of 2,653 square kilometres, Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, the county town is Dorchester which is in the south. After the reorganisation of government in 1974 the countys border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth. Around half of the lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The county has a history of human settlement stretching back to the Neolithic era. The Romans conquered Dorsets indigenous Celtic tribe, and during the early Middle Ages, the first recorded Viking raid on the British Isles occurred in Dorset during the eighth century, and the Black Death entered England at Melcombe Regis in 1348. During the Second World War, Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy, the former was the sailing venue in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and both have clubs or hire venues for sailing, Cornish pilot gig rowing, sea kayaking and powerboating. Dorset has a varied landscape featuring broad elevated chalk downs, steep limestone ridges, over half the county is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Three-quarters of its coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast Natural World Heritage Site due to its geological and it features notable landforms such as Lulworth Cove, the Isle of Portland, Chesil Beach and Durdle Door. Agriculture was traditionally the major industry of Dorset but is now in decline, there are no motorways in Dorset but a network of A roads cross the county and two railway main lines connect to London. Dorset has ports at Poole, Weymouth and Portland, and an international airport, the county has a variety of museums, theatres and festivals, and is host to one of Europes largest outdoor shows. It is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy, who used the county as the setting of his novels. Dorset derives its name from the county town of Dorchester, the Romans established the settlement in the 1st century and named it Durnovaria which was a Latinised version of a Common Brittonic word possibly meaning place with fist-sized pebbles. It is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in AD845 and in the 10th century the countys archaic name, the first human visitors to Dorset were Mesolithic hunters, from around 8000 BC. The first permanent Neolithic settlers appeared around 3000 BC and were responsible for the creation of the Dorset Cursus, from 2800 BC onwards Bronze Age farmers cleared Dorsets woodlands for agricultural use and Dorsets high chalk hills provided a location for numerous round barrows. During the Iron Age, the British tribe known as the Durotriges established a series of forts across the county—most notably Maiden Castle which is one of the largest in Europe. The Romans arrived in Dorset during their conquest of Britain in AD43, Maiden Castle was captured by a Roman legion under the command of Vespasian, and the Roman settlement of Durnovaria was established nearby
34.
Bournemouth School
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Bournemouth School is a boys grammar school and co-educational sixth form in Charminster, Bournemouth, Dorset, England, for children aged 11 to 18. The school was founded by Dr. E. Fenwick and opened on 22 January 1901, the 1906 syllabus included natural science, drawing, vocal music, drill and gymnastics alongside history, geography, shorthand and book keeping. During the First World War, at least 651 young men who had been or were attached to the school served, the school moved to the present East Way site in 1939, formerly occupying buildings in Porchester Road and Lowther Road. From 1939 to 1945 the school housed over 600 members from Tauntons School, Southampton, among the Taunton staff was English master Dr. Horace King, later Lord Maybray-King, Speaker of the House of Commons. On 2 June 1940, about 800 French soldiers evacuated form Dunkirk were temporarily billeted in the school, additional gas cookers were installed in the kitchen and staff were involved in preparing food and drink for the soldiers who occupied corridors and form rooms. One form room was used a hospital for the more seriously wounded. Two days later, a further 300 arrived and remained in the school for about a week, an absence of occupation was not to last long. On 19 June, after the French had been moved elsewhere,400 or so British soldiers arrived and it was agreed they would occupy the ground floor, leaving the senior school to carry out their summer examinations in the rooms above. Normal education resumed on 26 June,1901 Dr. E. Fenwick, M. A. LL. D. 1932 Mr. J. E. Parry, M. A. B. Litt. M. A.1957 Mr. E. G. Bennett, M. A.1971 Mr. H. P. Harper, M. A.1982 Mr. J. A. B. Kelsall, M. A.1987 Mr. A. F. P. Petrie, M. A.1996 Mr. J. Granger,2009 Dr. D. P. Lewis, C. Chem. MRSC The original Victorian school buildings occupied a plot in Porchester Road, adjacent to the main school was the purpose-built boarding house, in which the headmaster and a select number of boarders lived. The two sites were known within the school as Porchester and Lowther, in 1935, planning for new school buildings on the northern fringe of Charminster began. They were opened in 1939 and first occupied by the boys from Porchester and Lowther in conjunction with evacuees from Tauntons School in Southampton, soon after, HORSA huts were erected to the north of the main buildings to house more classrooms. Larger scale building works include the Sixth Form Block in 1968, the Art, Technology and Maths Blocks in the 1990s and 2000s and the Sir David English Centre in 1999. The Sixth Form Block made no provision for space. What was formerly a bike shed beneath the Junior Playground, and then a woodwork room, in 1973, the school hall burnt down
35.
Downy
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Downy is a brand name of fabric softener produced by Procter & Gamble and sold in the United States. It entered the U. S. test market in August 1960 and it was also sold in the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Egypt, Kenya and Latin America. Lenor is a name of fabric softener and dryer sheets, also produced by Procter & Gamble, sold in Europe, Russia, China. Plans to rebrand Lenor as Downy in the UK were dropped in 2002, amy Sedaris has been used to promote Downy/Lenor Unstoppables range in both United States and the UK. The commercials were filmed by Grey Advertising. com - Downy
36.
Pac-Man
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Pac-Man, stylized as PAC-MAN, is an arcade game developed by Namco and first released in Japan in May 1980. It was created by Japanese video game designer Toru Iwatani and it was licensed for distribution in the United States by Midway and released in October 1980. Immensely popular from its release to the present day, Pac-Man is considered one of the classics of the medium. Pac-Man was popular in the 1980s and 1990s and is played in the 2010s. When Pac-Man was released, the most popular video games were space shooters, in particular, Space Invaders. The most visible minority were sports games that were derivatives of Pong. Pac-Man succeeded by creating a new genre, Pac-Man is often credited with being a landmark in video game history and is among the most famous arcade games of all time. It is also one of the video games of all time. The character has appeared in more than 30 officially licensed game spin-offs, as well as in numerous unauthorized clones, according to the Davie-Brown Index, Pac-Man has the highest brand awareness of any video game character among American consumers, recognized by 94 percent of them. Pac-Man is one of the longest running video game franchises from the age of video arcade games. It is part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. the player controls Pac-Man through a maze, eating pac-dots. When all pac-dots are eaten, Pac-Man is taken to the next stage, between some stages, one of three intermission animations plays. Four enemies roam the maze, trying to catch Pac-Man, if an enemy touches Pac-Man, he loses a life. Whenever Pac-Man occupies the same tile as an enemy, he is considered to have collided with that ghost, when all lives have been lost, the game ends. Pac-Man is awarded a bonus life at 10,000 points by default—DIP switches inside the machine can change the required points or disable the bonus life altogether. Near the corners of the maze are four larger, flashing dots known as Power Pellets that provide Pac-Man with the ability to eat the enemies. The enemies turn deep blue, reverse direction and usually move more slowly, when an enemy is eaten, its eyes remain and return to the center box where it is regenerated in its normal color. The enemies in Pac-Man are known variously as monsters and ghosts, despite the seemingly random nature of the enemies, their movements are strictly deterministic, which players have used to their advantage
37.
West End theatre
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West End theatre is a common term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of Theatreland in and near the West End of London. Along with New York Citys Broadway theatre, West End theatre is considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London, in 2013, ticket sales reached a record 14.4 million, making West End the largest English speaking audience in the world. Famous screen actors frequently appear on the London stage, helen Mirren received an award for her performance as the Queen on the West End stage, and then stated, theatre is such an important part of British history and British culture. Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation, the first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain, both are known to have been used by William Shakespeares company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark and these theatres were closed in 1642 due to the Puritans who would later influence the interregnum of 1649. After the Restoration, two companies were licensed to perform, the Dukes Company and the Kings Company, performances were held in converted buildings, such as Lisles Tennis Court. The first West End theatre, known as Theatre Royal in Bridges Street, was designed by Thomas Killigrew and built on the site of the present Theatre Royal and it opened on 7 May 1663 and was destroyed by a fire nine years later. It was replaced by a new designed by Christopher Wren and renamed the Theatre Royal. Outside the West End, Sadlers Wells Theatre opened in Islington on 3 June 1683. Taking its name from founder Richard Sadler and monastic springs that were discovered on the property, it operated as a Musick House, with performances of opera, as it was not licensed for plays. In the West End, the Theatre Royal Haymarket opened on 29 December 1720 on a site north of its current location. The Patent theatre companies retained their duopoly on drama well into the 19th century, by the early 19th century, however, music hall entertainments became popular, and presenters found a loophole in the restrictions on non-patent theatres in the genre of melodrama. Melodrama did not break the Patent Acts, as it was accompanied by music, initially, these entertainments were presented in large halls, attached to public houses, but purpose-built theatres began to appear in the East End at Shoreditch and Whitechapel. The West End theatre district became established with the opening of small theatres and halls. South of the River Thames, the Old Vic, Waterloo Road, the next few decades saw the opening of many new theatres in the West End. It abbreviated its name three years later, the theatre building boom continued until about World War I
38.
Rowan Atkinson
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Rowan Sebastian Atkinson, CBE is an English actor, comedian, and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms Blackadder and Mr. Bean. His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical Oliver, Atkinson was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest actors in British comedy, and amongst the top 50 comedians ever, in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians. In addition to his 1981 BAFTA, he received an Olivier Award for his 1981 West End theatre performance in Rowan Atkinson in Revue. He has also had success with his performances in the Mr. Bean movie adaptations Bean and Mr. Beans Holiday. Atkinson, the youngest of four brothers, was born in Consett, County Durham, England and his parents were Eric Atkinson, a farmer and company director, and Ella May, who married on 29 June 1945. His three older brothers are Paul, who died as an infant, Rodney, a Eurosceptic economist who narrowly lost the United Kingdom Independence Party leadership election in 2000, and Rupert. Atkinson was brought up Anglican, and was educated at Durham Choristers School a preparatory school, St. Bees School, and Newcastle University, Atkinson starred in a series of comedy shows for BBC Radio 3 in 1978 called The Atkinson People. It consisted of a series of interviews with fictional great men. The series was written by Atkinson and Richard Curtis, and produced by Griff Rhys Jones, after university, Atkinson toured with Angus Deayton as his straight man in an act that was eventually filmed for a television show. After the success of the show, he did a pilot for London Weekend Television in 1979 called Canned Laughter. Atkinson then went on to do Not the Nine OClock News for the BBC and he featured in the show with Pamela Stephenson, Griff Rhys Jones and Mel Smith, and was one of the main sketch writers. The success of Not the Nine OClock News led to him taking the role in the medieval sitcom The Black Adder. After a three-year gap, in due to budgetary concerns, a second series was broadcast. Blackadder II followed the fortunes of one of the descendants of Atkinsons original character, the same pattern was repeated in the two more sequels Blackadder the Third, and Blackadder Goes Forth. The final scene of Blackadder Goes Forth has been described as bold, during the 2014 centennial of the start of World War I, Michael Gove and war historian Max Hastings complained about the so-called Blackadder version of history. Atkinsons other creation, the hapless Mr. Bean, first appeared on New Years Day in 1990 in a special for Thames Television. The character of Mr. Bean has been likened to a modern-day Buster Keaton, several sequels to Mr. Bean appeared on television until 1995, and the character later appeared in a feature film. Bean was directed by Mel Smith, Atkinsons colleague in Not the Nine OClock News, a second film, Mr. Beans Holiday, was released in 2007
39.
Bournemouth
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Bournemouth /ˈbɔːrnməθ/ is a large coastal resort town on the south coast of England directly to the east of the Jurassic Coast, a 96-mile World Heritage Site. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 183,491 making it the largest settlement in Dorset. With Poole to the west and Christchurch in the east, Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset conurbation, before it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, the area was a deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers. Initially marketed as a resort, the town received a boost when it appeared in Dr Granvilles book. Bournemouths growth really accelerated with the arrival of the railway and it became a town in 1870. Historically part of Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of government in 1974. Since 1997, the town has been administered by a unitary authority, the local council is Bournemouth Borough Council. The town centre has notable Victorian architecture and the 202-foot spire of St Peters Church, Bournemouths location has made it a popular destination for tourists, attracting over five million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife. The town is also a centre of business, home of the Bournemouth International Centre or BIC. The word bourne, meaning a stream, is a derivative of burna. A travel guide published in 1831 calls the place Bourne Cliffe or Tregonwells Bourne after its founder, the Spas of England, published ten years later, calls it simply Bourne as does an 1838 edition of the Hampshire Advertiser. In the late 19th century Bournemouth became predominant, although its two-word form appears to have remained in use up until at least the early 20th century, in the 12th century the region around the mouth of the River Bourne was part of the Hundred of Holdenhurst. Although the Dorset and Hampshire region surrounding it had been the site of settlement for thousands of years, Westover was largely a remote. In 1574 the Earl of Southampton noted that the area was Devoid of all habitation, on this barren and uncultivated heath there was not a human to direct us. Bronze Age burials near Moordown, and the discovery of Iron Age pottery on the East Cliff in 1969, Hengistbury Head, added to the borough in 1932, was the site of a much older Palaeolithic encampment. No-one lived at the mouth of the Bourne river and the regular visitors to the area before the 19th century were a few fishermen, turf cutters. Prior to the Christchurch Inclosures Act 1802, more than 70% of the Westover area was common land, in 1809 the Tapps Arms public house appeared on the heath. A few years later, in 1812, the first official residents, retired army officer Lewis Tregonwell and his wife, the area was well known to Tregonwell who, during the Napoleonic wars, spent much of his time searching the heath and coastline for French invaders and smugglers
40.
Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the countrys GDP and it is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europes top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and it hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the citys most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is known for its decoration of the stations. Swedens national football arena is located north of the city centre, Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Ministers residence is adjacent at the Sager House. After the Ice Age, around 8,000 BCE, there were already a number of people living in the present-day Stockholm area. Thousands of years later, as the ground thawed, the climate became tolerable, at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and lake Mälaren is an archipelago site where the Old Town of Stockholm was first built from about 1000 CE by Vikings. They had a positive impact on the area because of the trade routes they created. Stockholms location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne, the earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word meaning fortification, the second part of the name means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Stockholms core, the present Old Town was built on the island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid 13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League, Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Gdańsk, Visby, Reval, and Riga during this time
41.
Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
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Alexei Nikolaevich of the House of Romanov, was the Tsarevich and heir apparent to the throne of the Russian Empire. He was the youngest child and only son of Emperor Nicholas II and he was born with hemophilia, his mothers reliance on the faith healer Grigori Rasputin to treat the disease helped bring about the end of the Romanov dynasty. After the February Revolution of 1917, he and his family were sent into exile in Tobolsk. The family was interred on 17 July 1998—the eightieth anniversary of the murder—and were canonized as passion bearers by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000. Alexei was born on 12 August 1904 in Peterhof Palace, St. Petersburg Governorate and he was the youngest of five children and the only son born to Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. His older sisters were the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia and he was doted on by his parents and sisters and known as Baby in the family. He was later affectionately referred to as Alyosha. Alexei was christened on 3 September 1904 in the chapel in Peterhof Palace and his principal godparents were his paternal grandmother and his great-uncle, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. His other godparents included his oldest sister, Olga, his great-grandfather King Christian IX of Denmark, King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, as Russia was at war with Japan, all the soldiers and officers of the Russian Army and Navy were named honorary godfathers. For the occasion, the boys wore miniature military uniforms, the sermon was delivered by John of Kronstadt, and the baby was carried to the font by the elderly Mistress of the Robes, Princess Maria Mikhailovna Galitzine. As a precaution, she had rubber soles put to her shoes to avoid falling and dropping him, countess Sophie Buxhoeveden recalled, The baby lay on a pillow of cloth of gold, slung to the Princesss shoulders by a broad gold band. He was covered with the heavy cloth-of-gold mantle, lined with ermine, the mantle was supported on one side by Prince Alexander Sergeiovich Dolgorouky, the Grand Marshal of the Court, and on the other by Count Benckendorff, as decreed by custom and wise precaution. The baby wept loudly, as any ordinary baby, when old Father Yanishev dipped him in the font. His four small sisters, in short Court dresses, gazed open-eyed at the ceremony, Olga Nicholaevna, then nine years old, according to Russian custom, the Emperor and Empress were not present at the baptism, but directly after the ceremony the Emperor went to the church. Both he and the Empress always confessed to feeling very nervous on these occasions, for fear that the Princess might slip, or that Father Yanishev, Alexei inherited hemophilia from his mother Alexandra, a condition that could be traced back to her maternal grandmother Queen Victoria. In 2009 genetic analysis determined specifically that he suffered from hemophilia B and he had to be careful not to injure himself because he lacked factor IX, one of the proteins necessary for blood-clotting. According to his French tutor, Pierre Gilliard, the nature of his illness was kept a state secret and his hemophilia was so severe that trivial injuries such as a bruise, a nosebleed or a cut were potentially life-threatening. Two navy sailors were assigned to him to monitor and supervise him to prevent injuries and they also carried him around when he was unable to walk
42.
Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna
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Anastasia, The Mystery of Anna is a 1986 television film directed by Marvin J. Chomsky, starring Amy Irving, Rex Harrison, Olivia de Havilland, Omar Sharif, Christian Bale and Jan Niklas. The film was based on the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. It was originally broadcast in two parts, afterwards, it revolves around Anna Anderson, who believes that she is Anastasia Romanov, daughter of Nicholas II of Russia. Anna first tells her story in the 1920s when she is an inmate in a Berlin asylum after her suicide attempt and her story of escaping from the Bolsheviks who killed the rest of her family in 1918 seems so vivid that many Russian expatriates are willing to believe her. She slowly gains more trust, but the Romanov exiles in Europe are very hesitant to believe her tale. S. in the 1930s. The movie culminates in 1938 with Anna deciding to sue the remaining Romanovs in Germanys courts to force them to recognize her as Anastasia, but it never reveals if Anna really is or isnt Anastasia. The ending epilogue narration says that she moved back to the U. S. and settled in Charlottesville
43.
Mio in the Land of Faraway
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Mio in the Land of Faraway is a 1987 fantasy film directed by Vladimir Grammatikov and starring Christopher Lee, Christian Bale, Nicholas Pickard, Timothy Bottoms and Susannah York. Based on the 1954 novel Mio, My Son by Astrid Lindgren, it tells the story of a boy from Stockholm who travels to a fantasy realm. It featured an international cast consisting largely of British, Russian and Scandinavian actors, while its filming locations included Stockholm, Moscow, Crimea, the film was shot in English and subsequently dubbed in Swedish and Russian. Its special effects were created by Derek Meddings, the films theme song, Mio My Mio, was composed by two former ABBA members, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, and performed by the Swedish band Gemini. Released in 1987, the film saw Nicholas Pickards debut as an actor and it won the Cinekid Film Award in Amsterdam, while its theme song became a top three hit in Sweden. However, Swedish reviewers received the film unfavorably, criticizing it as an adaptation of Lindgrens novel. The film opens in modern Stockholm, orphaned by his mothers death and fathers disappearance, Bosse suffers neglect by his guardians Aunt Edna and Uncle Sixten, as well as abuse from bullies. His best friend is Benke, whose father Bosse envies, running away one night to seek his own father, Bosse meets the kindly shopkeeper Mrs Lundin, who gives him an apple and asks him to mail a postcard. The postcard is addressed to the Land of Faraway, informing its King of Bosses impending journey there, after Bosse mails the postcard, his apple turns golden. Dropping the transfigured apple in shock, Bosse stumbles upon a genie trapped in a bottle and it turns out that this spirit has travelled from the Land of Faraway to seek Bosse, and that the golden apple is Bosses identifying sign. With the boy clinging to his beard, the genie transports Bosse to the Land of Faraway, there, Bosse discovers that his real name is Mio, and that his father is the King. Treated with love and indulgence, Mio leads a life on Green Meadow Island. He receives the horse Miramis as a gift from his father, the latter include the farm boy Jiri, the shepherd boy Nonno, and the royal gardeners son Jum-Jum, who turns out to be Benkes double. Together, Mio and Jum-Jum learn to play pan flute music from Nonno and those who refuse to serve him are transformed into birds and condemned to circle his castle in flight. Even his name induces terror when spoken, with Jum-Jum and Miramis, Mio leaves Green Meadow Island and journeys to the Forest of Mysteries, where he tears his cape on the briars. The Weaver Woman receives the boys at her house, mending Mios torn cape, journeying to the Land Outside, Mio and Jum-Jum meet Eno, a hungry old man living in a cave, and offer him food. In gratitude, Eno tells them to seek a weapon against Kato from the Forger of Swords, the boys are forced to continue their journey on foot, pursued by Katos servants through the Dead Forest and the Blackest Mountain. Separated in the tunnels, the boys find each other by playing their pan-flutes
44.
Christopher Lee
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Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee CBE CStJ was an English character actor, singer, and author. With a career spanning nearly 70 years, Lee initially portrayed villains, Lee was knighted for services to drama and charity in 2009, received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2011, and received the BFI Fellowship in 2013. Lee considered his best performance to be that of Pakistans founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the biopic Jinnah and he frequently appeared opposite Peter Cushing in Hammer Horror films, and late in his career had roles in six Tim Burton films. The heavy metal follow-up Charlemagne, The Omens of Death was released on 27 May 2013 and he was honoured with the Spirit of Metal award at the 2010 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards ceremony. Lee died from complications of respiratory problems and heart failure on the morning of 7 June 2015, Lee was born in Belgravia, London, the son of Lieutenant Colonel Geoffrey Trollope Lee of the 60th Kings Royal Rifle Corps, and his wife, Countess Estelle Marie. Lees maternal great-grandfather was an Italian political refugee, whose wife and he had one sister, Xandra Carandini Lee. Lees parents separated when he was four and divorced two years later, during this time, his mother took him and his sister to Wengen in Switzerland. After enrolling in Miss Fishers Academy in Territet, he played his first role and they then returned to London, where Lee attended Wagners private school in Queens Gate, and his mother married Harcourt George St-Croix Rose, a banker and uncle of Ian Fleming. Fleming, author of the James Bond novels, thus became Lees step-cousin, the family moved to Fulham, living next door to the actor Eric Maturin. One night, he was introduced to Prince Yusupov and Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, the assassins of Grigori Rasputin, when Lee was nine, he was sent to Summer Fields School, a preparatory school in Oxford whose pupils often later attended Eton. He continued acting in plays, though the laurels deservedly went to Patrick Macnee. Lee applied for a scholarship to Eton, where his interview was in the presence of the ghost story author M. R. James, sixty years later, Lee played the part of James for the BBC. His poor maths skills meant that he placed eleventh, and thus missed out on being a Kings Scholar by one place and his step-father was not prepared to pay the higher fees that being an Oppidan Scholar meant, and so he did not attend. Instead, Lee attended Wellington College, where he won scholarships in the classics, studying Ancient Greek, aside from a tiny part in a school play, he didnt act while at Wellington. He was a passable racquets player and fencer and a competent cricketer but did not do well at the sports played, hockey, football, rugby. He disliked the parades and weapons training and would always play dead as soon as possible during mock battles. Lee was frequently beaten at school, including once at Wellington for being beaten too often, though he accepted them as logical, at age 17, and with one year left at Wellington, the summer term of 1939 was his last. His step-father had gone bankrupt, owing £25,000 and his mother separated from Rose, and Lee had to get a job, his sister already working as a secretary for the Church of England Pensions Board
45.
Nick Pickard
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Nicholas Nick Pickard is an English actor, best known for his role as Tony Hutchinson on soap opera Hollyoaks. He is currently the longest-serving cast member and appeared in the very first episode in 1995, since then the character of Tony has developed and viewers have seen him with numerous girlfriends and run-ins with the local students. In his 1987 movie debut, Pickard played Mio, the role in Mio in the Land of Faraway, alongside Christian Bale. There he is credited as Nicholas Pickard, in 1994, Pickard also played a minor role in EastEnders, appearing as a young homeless boy, who was burnt to death when Phil Mitchell torched Frank Butchers car-lot in an insurance scam. He also appeared in videos for Mike + The Mechanics. He studied at the Sylvia Young Theatre School and Corona Theatre School worked extensively in the theatre before joining Hollyoaks, in addition to his Filmography part, Pickard appeared as well in other TV shows including Us Girls and If You Were Me. Pickard has also trodden the boards with stage parts that include Richard II, An Enemy of the People and he landed the role of Tony Hutchinson in Hollyoaks in 1995 and has been playing him ever since. Pickard is older brother of John Pickard, Pickard is also the owner of several Sheffield restaurants in the Ecclesall Road. He has a daughter named Ellie Pickard, and he previously dated former co-star Joanna Taylor and he is a dedicated Chelsea F. C. fan. In his spare time Pickard enjoys sports, particularly football and squash and he plays regularly and runs the Mersey TV football team, taking on the roles of gaffer, manager and kitboy. He is also the captain of the Hollyoaks Team whenever there are celebrity football matches and he is supporting the School Food Trust across England, in order to encourage children to eat healthy food. Pickard also joined Cinderella, 2009s pantomime at Liverpool Empire Theatre where he performed Dandini and his break from Hollyoaks to perform in Cinderella was planned and written into the show. In Hollyoaks, The Good, The Bad & The Gorgeous, Pickard performs as Jack Dawson in a parody of Titanic, Pickard participated in the 2011 series of Celebrity MasterChef where he reached the final but lost out to Phil Vickery. Pickard was cast as the star Aaron Spacehero in the satirical 24hr Sci-Fi Soap Opera and his adversary was Jeffrey M. Magnesium. Nick Pickard at the Internet Movie Database Nick Pickards profile on the Official Hollyoaks Website
46.
National Board of Review
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The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. s revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908, the mayor believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community. Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new art of the people, in an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend Passed by the National Board of Review in their main titles, however, the Board was a de facto censorship organization. Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints, they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the ten best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, everson, Alistair Cooke, and Pearl Buck. In addition, the Awards Jury helps to determine the special achievement awards presented at the gala in January. The organization also works to foster commentary on all aspects of production by underwriting educational film programs. In 2016, the NBR reached out to the community to The Reel Works Teen Filmmaking, The Ghetto Film School, the organization also awarded grants to seventeen student filmmakers as part of its annual Student Grant Program. The boardss official magazine had existed in several forms and different names since its inception, in 1950 the magazine changed its name from Screen Magazine, and launched the first issue as Films in Review on February 1,1950. Note, Until 1945, there were awards for Best Picture and intermittent awards for Best Documentary. Motion Picture Production Code Official website
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