Chronobiology
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Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are kno
Light enters the eye and hits the retinal pigmented epithelium (maroon). This excites rods (grey) and cones (blue/red). These cells synapse onto bipolar cells (pink), which stimulate ipRGCs (green) and RGCs (orange). Both RGCs and ipRGCs transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve. Furthermore, light can directly stimulate the ipRGCs through its melanopsin photopigment. The ipRGCs uniquely project to the superchiasmatic nucleus, allowing the organism to entrain to light-dark cycles.
Tree of life by Haeckel
Circadian rhythm
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A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours. Circadian rhythms can refer to any process that originates within an organism and responds to the
Chronobiology
…protozoa. They have also been found in bacteria, especially among the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). The best studied rhythm in chronobiology is the circadian rhythm, a roughly 24-hour cycle shown by physiological processes in all these organisms. The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning "around" and…
Key centers of the mammalian and Drosophila brains (A) and the circadian system in Drosophila (B)
Molecular interactions of clock genes and proteins during Drosophila circadian rhythm
A variation of an eskinogram illustrating the influence of light and darkness on circadian rhythms and related physiology and behavior through the suprachiasmatic nucleus in humans
CircadianLux light at the JCCPA that support circadian rhythm indoors