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Spokane, Washington
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Spokane is a city in the state of Washington, in the northwestern United States. It is the seat of Spokane County, and the economic and cultural center of the Spokane Metropolitan Area, the Greater Spokane Area, the city, along with the whole Inland Northwest, is served by Spokane International Airport,5 miles west of downtown Spokane. According to the 2010 Census, Spokane had a population of 208,916, making it the second largest city in Washington and the 102nd largest city in the United States. The first humans to live in the area, the Spokane people, known as the birthplace of Fathers Day, Spokane is officially nicknamed the Lilac City. David Thompson explored the area with the expansion and establishment of the North West Companys Spokane House in 1810. This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington, completion of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1881 brought settlers to the Spokane area, and that same year it was officially incorporated as a city with the name of Spokan Falls. In the late 19th century, gold and silver were discovered in the Inland Northwest, the local economy depended on mining, timber, and agriculture until the 1980s. Spokane hosted the first environmentally themed Worlds Fair at Expo 74, many of the older Romanesque Revival-style buildings in the downtown area were designed by architect Kirtland Kelsey Cutter after the Great Fire of 1889. The city also features Riverfront and Manito parks, the Smithsonian-affiliated Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, the Davenport Hotel, and the Fox and Bing Crosby theaters. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane, the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist represents the Anglican community. Gonzaga University was established in 1887 by the Jesuits, and the private Presbyterian Whitworth University opened three years later in north Spokane, in sports, the Gonzaga Bulldogs collegiate basketball team competes at the Division I level. Professional and semi-professional sports teams include the Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball, Spokane Empire in arena football, as of 2010, Spokanes only major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, has a daily circulation of over 76,000. The first humans to live in the Spokane area arrived between 13,000 and 8,000 years ago and were hunter-gatherer societies that lived off plentiful game. The Spokane tribe, after which the city is named, are believed to be either their direct descendants, when asked by early white explorers, the Spokanes said their ancestors came from up North. Early in the 19th century, the Northwest Fur Company sent two white fur trappers west of the Rocky Mountains to search for fur. These were the first white men met by the Spokanes, who believed they were sacred, the explorer-geographer David Thompson, working as head of the North West Companys Columbia Department, became the first European to explore the Inland Empire. Crossing what is now the Canada–US border from British Columbia, Thompson wanted to expand the North West Company further south in search of furs, after establishing the Kullyspell House and Saleesh House trading posts in what are now Idaho and Montana, Thompson then attempted to expand further west. He sent out two trappers, Jacques Raphael Finlay and Finan McDonald, to construct a fur trading post on the Spokane River in Washington and trade with the local Indians
2.
Newport Beach, California
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Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States. Its population was 85,287 at the 2010 census, Newport Beach is also home to Newport Harbor. The citys median family income and property values consistently place high in national rankings, the Upper Bay of Newport is a canyon, which was carved by a stream in the Pleistocene period. The lower bay of Newport was formed later by sand that was brought along by ocean currents. Before settlers reached the coasts of California, the Newport area, Indian shells and relics can still be found today scattered throughout the area. Though, throughout the 1800s, settlers began to settle the area due to the availability of land, the State of California sold acre-plots of land for $1 a piece in the Newport area. James Irvine, after hearing the news, quickly traveled from his home in San Francisco to the San Joaquin Ranch. In 1905 city development increased when Pacific Electric Railway established a southern terminus in Newport connecting the beach with downtown Los Angeles, in 1906, the scattered settlements were incorporated as the City of Newport Beach. Settlements filled in on the Peninsula, West Newport, Newport Island, Balboa Island, in 1923 Corona del Mar was annexed and in 2002 Newport Coast, East Santa Ana Heights and San Joaquin Hills, were annexed. In 2008, after a battle with the city of Costa Mesa. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 53.0 square miles. 23.8 square miles of it is land and 29.2 square miles of it is water. Areas of Newport Beach include Corona del Mar, Balboa Island, Balboa Peninsula, Lido Peninsula, Newport Coast, San Joaquin Hills, and Santa Ana Heights, Newport Harbor is a semi-artificial harbor that was formed by dredging Newport Bay estuary during the early 1900s. Newport Harbor once supported maritime industries such as boatbuilding, shipbuilding, and commercial fishing and its shores are occupied mostly by private homes and private docks. With approximately 9,000 boats, Newport Harbor is one of the largest recreational boat harbors on the U. S. west coast and its a popular destination for all boating activities, including sailing, fishing, rowing, canoeing, kayaking, and paddleboarding. Newport Bay is divided by the Pacific Coast Highway bridge, which is too low for most sailboats, North of the bridge is referred to as Upper Newport Bay, or the Back Bay. South of the bridge is commonly called Lower Newport Bay, or Newport Harbor, however the Back Bay also has harbor facilities, especially the marina and launch ramp at The Dunes. The north end of the Newport Harbor channels around Lido Island have a number of business centers and were at one time used by the fishing fleets as their home
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Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic series of pictures called modern moral subjects. Much of his work poked fun at politics and customs. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account, while never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with having the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast introduced other familiar American political symbols, during the 20th century, numerous magazines carried single-panel gag cartoons by such freelance cartoonists as Charles Addams, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Clyde Lamb, and John Norment. These were almost always published in black and white, although Colliers often carried cartoons in color, the debut of Playboy introduced full-page color cartoons by Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, and others. Single-panel cartoonists syndicated to newspapers included Dave Breger, Hank Ketcham, George Lichty, Fred Neher, Irving Phillips, comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates such as the Universal Press Syndicate, United Media, or King Features. Sunday strips go to a company such as American Color before they are published. Some comic strip creators publish in the press or on the Internet. Comic strip artists may also work in book-length form, creating graphic novels. Both vintage and current strips receive reprints in book collections, the major comic book publishers utilize teams of cartoonists to produce the art. When a consistent artistic style is wanted among different cartoonists, character model sheets may be used as reference, animated cartooning is created for short films, advertising, feature films and television. It is also used in live-action films for dream sequences or opening titles. An animation artist is referred to as an animator rather than a cartoonist. They create motion pictures as well, Animation studios such as DreamWorks Animation, Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Blue Sky Studios create CGI or computer-animated films that are more three-dimensional. There are many books of cartoons in both paperback and hardcover, such as the collections of cartoons from The New Yorker, prior to the 1960s, cartoons were mostly ignored by museums and art galleries
4.
Warner Bros. Cartoons
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Cartoons, Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation, one of the most successful animation studios in American media history, Warner Bros. Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects, in 1944, Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Frelengs DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967, Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later. That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works, in addition to television shows, hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising originated the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short subjects in 1930 and 1931, respectively. Both cartoon series were produced for Leon Schlesinger at the Harman-Ising Studio on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California, pictures releasing the films to theaters. The first Looney Tunes character was the Harman-Ising creation Bosko, The Talk-ink Kid, despite the fact that Bosko was popular among theater audiences, he could never match the popularity of Walt Disneys Mickey Mouse, or even Max Fleischers Betty Boop. In 1933, Harman and Ising parted company with Schlesinger over financial disputes, as a result, Schlesinger set up his own studio on the Warner Bros. lot on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. The Schlesinger studio got off to a start, continuing their one-shot Merrie Melodies. In 1935, Freleng helmed the Merrie Melodies cartoon I Havent Got a Hat, hardaway and King departed, and a new arrival at Schlesingers, Fred Tex Avery, took Frelengs creation and ran with it. Avery directed a string of cartoons starring Porky Pig that established the character as the studios first bona fide star, Schlesinger also gradually moved the Merrie Melodies cartoons from black and white, to two-strip Technicolor in 1934, and finally to full three-strip Technicolor in 1936. The Looney Tunes series would be produced in black-and-white for much longer, because of the limited spacing conditions in the Schlesinger building at 1351 N. From 1936 until 1944, animation directors and animators such as Freleng, Avery, Clampett, Jones, Arthur Davis, Robert McKimson, and Frank Tashlin worked at the studio. During this period, these creators introduced several of the most popular characters to date, including Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, Bugs Bunny. A few months earlier he banished all unionized employees in what became known in retrospective as the Looney Tune Lockout, by 1942, the Schlesinger studio had surpassed Walt Disney Productions as the most successful producer of animated shorts in the United States. Between 1942 and 1945, the Schelsinger studio produced a number of films for the United States military in support of its efforts in World War II, in 1944, Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. which renamed the company Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc. and Edward Selzer, was appointed by Warner Bros. as the new head of the studio after Schlesinger retired. In September 1944 Frank Tashlin left, and in October 1946, tashlins unit was initially taken over by Robert McKimson who later took over Clampetts unit
5.
Looney Tunes
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Looney Tunes is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969 during the golden age of American animation, alongside its sister series Merrie Melodies. Coyote and the Road Runner, the Tasmanian Devil, and many others and these characters themselves are commonly referred to as the Looney Tunes. From 1942 to 1964, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were the most popular animated shorts in movie theaters, many of the characters have made and continue to make cameo appearances in various other television shows, movies and advertisements. The most popular Looney Tunes character, Bugs Bunny, is regarded as an icon and has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Several Looney Tunes films are regarded as some of the greatest animated cartoons of all time, in the beginning, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies drew their storylines from Warners vast music library. From 1934 to 1943, Merrie Melodies were produced in color and Looney Tunes in black, after 1943, both series were produced in color and became virtually indistinguishable, varying only in their opening theme music and titles. Both series made use of the various Warner Bros. cartoon characters, in 1929, to compete against Walt Disneys Mickey Mouse short cartoons, WB became interested in developing a series of animated shorts to promote their music. They had recently acquired Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US $28 million and were eager to promote this material for the sales of sheet music, Warner made a deal with Leon Schlesinger to produce cartoons for them. Schlesinger hired Rudolf Ising and Hugh Harman to produce the first series of cartoons, Schlesinger was impressed by Harmans and Isings 1929 pilot cartoon, Bosko, The Talk-Ink Kid. The first Looney Tunes short was Sinkin in the Bathtub starring Bosko, when Harman and Ising left Warner Bros. in 1933 over a budget dispute with Schlesinger, they took with them all the rights of the characters and cartoons they had created. In 1935 they debuted the first major Looney Tunes star, Porky Pig, Beans was the star of the next Porky/Beans cartoon Golddiggers of 49, but it was Porky who emerged as the star instead of Beans. The ensemble characters of I Havent Got a Hat, such as Oliver Owl, and twin dogs Ham and Ex, were given a sampling of shorts. Beans was later phased out when his popularity declined, leaving Porky as the star of the Schlesinger studio. The debuts of other memorable Looney Tunes stars followed, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, Bugs initially starred in the color Merrie Melodies shorts and formally joined the Looney Tunes series with the release of Buckaroo Bugs in 1944. Schlesinger began to phase in the production of color Looney Tunes with the 1942 cartoon The Hep Cat, the final black-and-white Looney Tunes short was Puss n Booty in 1943 directed by Frank Tashlin. The inspiration for the changeover was Warners decision to only the color cartoons in the Blue Ribbon Classics series of Merrie Melodies. Schlesinger sold his interest in the studio in 1944 to Warner Bros. and went into retirement. During the mid-late 1960s, the shorts were produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, the change in the introductory title cards was possibly to reflect the switch in the animation style of the shorts themselves
6.
Merrie Melodies
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Merrie Melodies is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. between 1931 and 1969, during the golden age of American animation. As with its parent series, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies featured some of the most famous cartoon characters ever created, including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig and Elmer Fudd. Merrie Melodies was originally produced by Harman-Ising Pictures from 1931 to 1933, Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944, and the newly renamed Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies was outsourced to DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and Format Films from 1964 to 1967, cartoons resumed production for the series final two years. Three of the Merrie Melodies films won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, in 2013, TV Guide ranked the Warner Bros. Cartoons the third Greatest Cartoon of All Time, producer Leon Schlesinger had already produced one cartoon in the Looney Tunes series, based on music, and its success prompted him to try to sell a sister series to Warner Bros. His selling point was that the new cartoons would feature music from the soundtracks of Warner Bros. films and would serve as advertisements for Warner Bros. recordings. The studio agreed, and Schlesinger dubbed the series Merrie Melodies, walt Disney Productions had already scored with their Silly Symphonies. Since cartoon production usually began with a soundtrack, animating a piece of music made it easier to plot elements. The origins of the Merrie Melodies series begin with the failure of an action series of musical shorts called Spooney Melodies. These shorts were basically a type of music video that included segments with a popular artist singing along with appropriate background sequences. Warner Bros. wanted to promote this music because they had acquired the ownership of Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US $28 million. Because of the success of their Looney Tunes series, Warner Bros. decided to develop a new series of animated shorts called Merrie Melodies. Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising led the development and it was meant to be a series of musical cartoons that featured hit songs of the day, especially those then owned by Warner Bros. and featured in their musical films. In 1931, many of the featured the orchestra of Abe Lyman. The first cartoon of the new Merrie Melodies series was Lady, Ising attempted to introduce several characters in his Merrie Melodies films, such as Piggy, Foxy, and Goopy Geer. Eventually however, the series continued without any recurring characters, the shorts proved to be enormously popular with the public. In 1932, a Merrie Melodies cartoon, entitled Its Got Me Again. was nominated for the first Academy Award to be given for animation, when Harman and Ising left Warner Bros. in 1933, they took with them all rights to the characters they had created
7.
Animated cartoon
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Animated cartoons are still created for commercial, educational, and personal purposes to this day. The first animated projection was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888. On 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot and this film is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, but drawn directly onto the transparent strip, in 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings. The first animated projection was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces by newspaper cartoonist J. Stuart Blackton, in the movie, a cartoonists line drawings of two faces were animated on a blackboard. The two faces smiled and winked, and the man blew smoke in the ladys face, also. The first animated projection in the sense was Fantasmagorie by the French director Émile Cohl in 1908. This was followed by two films, Le Cauchemar du fantoche and Un Drame chez les fantoches, all completed in 1908. One of the very first successful animated cartoons was Gertie the Dinosaur by Winsor McCay and it is considered the first example of true character animation. At first, animated cartoons were black-and-white and silent, felix the Cat and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit are notable examples. From the 1920s to 1960s, theatrical cartoons were produced in huge numbers, MGM, and UPA were the largest studios producing these 5- to 10-minute shorts. Other studios included Walter Lantz, DePatie-Freleng, Charles Mintz Studios, Famous Studios, the first cartoon to use a soundtrack was in 1926 with Max Fleischers My Old Kentucky Home. However the Fleischers used a De Forest sound system and the sound was not completely synchronized with the film, walt Disneys 1928 cartoon Steamboat Willie starring Mickey Mouse was the first to use a click track during the recording session, which produced better synchronism. Mickey Mousing became a term for any action that was perfectly synchronized with music. The music used is original most of the time, but musical quotation is often employed, animated characters usually performed the action in loops, i. e. drawings were repeated over and over. Although other producers had made films earlier using 2-strip color, Disney produced the first cartoon in 3-strip Technicolor, Flowers and Trees, technicians at the Fleischer studio invented rotoscoping, in which animators trace live action in order to make animation look more realistic. However, rotoscoping made the animation look stiff and the technique was used more for studying human and animal movement. Today, traditional animation uses traditional methods, but is aided by computers in certain areas and this gives the animator new tools not available that could not be achieved using old techniques
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Bugs Bunny
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Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, created in 1940 by Leon Schlesinger Productions and voiced originally by the legendary vocal artist, Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films. His popularity during this era led to his becoming an American cultural icon, Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare or rabbit who is famous for his flippant, insouciant personality, a Brooklyn accent, his portrayal as a trickster, and his catch phrase Eh. Whats up, doc. usually spoken while chewing a carrot, since his debut, Bugs has appeared in various short films, feature films, compilations, TV series, music records, comic books, video games, award shows, amusement park rides, and commercials. He has also appeared in more films than any other character, is the ninth most-portrayed film personality in the world. In those days, the stories were often the work of a group who suggested various gags, bounced them around and finalized them in a joint story conference. A rabbit with some of the personality of Bugs, though looking very different, was featured in the film Porkys Hare Hunt. It was co-directed by Ben Bugs Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton and this cartoon has an almost identical plot to Averys Porkys Duck Hunt, which had introduced Daffy Duck. Porky Pig is again cast as a hunter tracking a silly prey who is interested in driving his pursuer insane. Hare Hunt replaces the black duck with a small white rabbit. The rabbit introduces himself with the odd expression Jiggers, fellers, Hare Hunt also gives its rabbit the famous Groucho Marx line, Of course you realize, this means war. The rabbit character was popular enough with audiences that the Termite Terrace staff decided to use it again, according to Friz Freleng, Hardaway and Dalton had decided to dress the duck in a rabbit suit. The white rabbit had a head and a shapeless body. In characterization, he was a rural buffoon and he was loud, zany with a goofy, guttural laugh. Blanc provided him with a hayseed voice, the rabbit comes back in Prest-O Change-O, directed by Chuck Jones, where he is the pet rabbit of unseen character Sham-Fu the Magician. Two dogs, fleeing the local dogcatcher, enter his absent masters house, the rabbit harasses them but is ultimately bested by the bigger of the two dogs. This version of the rabbit was cool, graceful, and controlled and he retained the guttural laugh but was otherwise silent. The rabbits third appearance comes in Hare-um Scare-um, directed again by Dalton and this cartoon—the first in which he is depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one—is also notable as the rabbits first singing role
9.
Daffy Duck
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Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character produced by Warner Bros. Daffy was number 14 on TV Guides list of top 50 best cartoon characters and was featured on one of the four covers as Duck Dodgers with Porky Pig. Daffy first appeared in Porkys Duck Hunt, released on April 17,1937, the cartoon was directed by Tex Avery and animated by Bob Clampett. Clampett later recalled, At that time, audiences werent accustomed to seeing a cartoon character do these things, and so, when it hit the theaters it was an explosion. People would leave the theaters talking about this daffy duck and this early Daffy is less anthropomorphic and resembles a normal black duck. In fact, the aspects of the character that have remained consistent through the years are his voice characterization by Mel Blanc. Blancs characterization of Daffy holds the record for the longest characterization of one animated character by his or her original actor,52 years. The origin of Daffys voice is a matter of some debate, One often-repeated official story is that it was modeled after producer Leon Schlesingers tendency to lisp. However, in Mel Blancs autobiography, Thats Not All Folks and he contradicts that conventional belief, writing, It seemed to me that such an extended mandible would hinder his speech, particularly on words containing an s sound. Daffys slobbery, exaggerated lisp was developed over time, and it is noticeable in the early cartoons. In Daffy Duck & Egghead, Daffy does not lisp at all except in the separately drawn set-piece of Daffy singing The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down in which just a slight lisp can be heard. In The Scarlet Pumpernickel, Daffy has a name, Dumas as the writer of a swashbuckling script. Also, in the Baby Looney Tunes episode The Tattletale, Granny addresses Daffy as Daffy Horatio Tiberius Duck, in The Looney Tunes Show, the joke middle names Armando and Sheldon are used. Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character – he may be a vigilante in one short. Bob Clampett and Chuck Jones both made use of these two very different versions of the character. Tex Avery and Bob Clampett created the version of Daffy in 1937. Daffy established his status by jumping into the water, hopping around, animator Bob Clampett immediately seized upon the Daffy Duck character and cast him in a series of cartoons in the 1930s and 1940s. The early Daffy is a wild and zany screwball, perpetually bouncing around the screen with cries of Hoo-hoo, Clampett physically redesigned the character, making him taller and lankier and rounding out his feet and bill
10.
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
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Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner are a duo of characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. In the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly attempts to catch and subsequently eat the Road Runner, a ground bird. The characters were created by animation director Chuck Jones in 1948 for Warner Bros. while the template for their adventures was the work of writer Michael Maltese, the characters star in a long-running series of theatrical cartoon shorts and occasional made-for-television cartoons. It was originally meant to parody chase cartoons like Tom and Jerry, the Coyote appears separately as an occasional antagonist of Bugs Bunny in five shorts from 1952 to 1963, Operation, Rabbit, To Hare Is Human, Rabbits Feat, Compressed Hare, and Hare-Breadth Hurry. The Road Runner vocalizes only with a sound, Beep, Beep, recorded by Paul Julian. To date,48 cartoons have been made featuring these characters, TV Guide included Wile E. Coyote in its 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time. Jones based the Coyote on Mark Twains book Roughing It, in which Twain described the coyote as a long, slim, sick and sorry-looking skeleton that is a living, breathing allegory of Want. Jones said he created the Coyote-Road Runner cartoons as a parody of traditional cat and mouse such as MGMs Tom and Jerry. Jones modelled the Coyotes appearance on fellow animator Ken Harris, the Coyotes name of Wile E. is a pun of the word wily. The E stands for Ethelbert in one issue of a Looney Tunes comic book, the Coyotes surname is routinely pronounced with a long e, but in one cartoon short, To Hare Is Human, Wile E. is heard pronouncing it with a diphthong. Early model sheets for the prior to his initial appearance identified him as Don Coyote. The series consists of,48 shorts, mostly about 6 to 7 minutes long, one feature-length film that combines live action and animation. Flash in the Pain was shown at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 10,2014. 4Actual Latin name of the greater roadrunner, Wile E. follows the instructions in a manual titled How to Build a Burmese Tiger Trap. In Soup or Sonic, the beep, beep of the Road Runner is also given the pseudo-Latin name beepus-beepus. It might also be noted that in this cartoon, Wile E. finally catches the Road Runner, however, recovering from the shock, he then turns to the viewer and holds up a sign reading, Okay wise guys, you always wanted me to catch him. The desert scenery in the first two Road Runner cartoons, Fast and Furry-ous and Beep, Beep, was designed by Robert Gribbroek and was quite realistic, in most later cartoons the scenery was designed by Maurice Noble and was far more abstract. In The Wild Chase, featuring a race between the Road Runner and Speedy Gonzales, it is stated that the Road Runner is from Texas and that suggests that most of the Road Runner and Coyote cartoons could take place in Texas. Gosh. through Guided Muscle the scenery was semi-realistic with an offwhite sky, gravity-defying rock formations appeared in Ready, Set, Zoom
11.
Porky Pig
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Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons and he was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power, and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts using the fat little pig. Even after he was supplanted by later characters, Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and, more importantly, the Warners directors and he is known for his signature line at the end of each short, Th-th-th-thats all folks. The slogan had also used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of every Looney Tunes cartoon. In contrast, the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan, So Long and he is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character. Porkys most distinctive trait is a stutter, for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words, for example. In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons, Porky Pig bursts through a drum head. Porky Pig would appear in 153 cartoons in the Golden Age of American animation, the character was introduced in the short I Havent Got a Hat, directed by Friz Freleng. Studio head Leon Schlesinger suggested that Freleng do a version of the popular Our Gang films. Porky only has a role in the film, but the fat little stuttering pig quickly became popular. Porkys name came from two brothers who were classmates of Freleng, nicknamed Porky and Piggy. Since Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising had left the studio in 1933, taking the studios star character Bosko with them, Porkys introduction ushered Buddy out the door and pointed to things to come. Tex Avery was hired to the studio in 1935, and his film Gold Diggers of 49 reused much of the cast from I Havent Got a Hat, Porky transitioned from a shy little boy to an immensely fat adult. Though he was still in a role, Porky got most of the laughs. The directors realized they had a star on their hands, Porky shared his stutter with the voice actor who originally played him, Joe Dougherty, who actually did have a stuttering problem. Because Dougherty could not control his stutter, however, production became too high as his recording sessions took hours. The versatile Mel Blanc replaced Dougherty in 1937, Blanc continued the stutter, however, it was harnessed for a more precise comedic effect. This is parodied in A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthurs Court, where Bugs Bunny struggles to pronounce the word porcupine, Porkys Duck Hunt was released in 1937, and Blanc officially became the permanent voice of Porky until his death in 1989
12.
Michigan J. Frog
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Michigan J. Frog is an animated cartoon character who debuted in the Merrie Melodies cartoon One Froggy Evening, written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones. He appeared in a cartoon titled Another Froggy Evening which was released on October 6,1995. The frogs earliest name was Enrico, as given in The Bugs Bunny Show, the characters later, enduring name comes from the song The Michigan Rag, which he sings in the cartoon. Information in the Internet Movie Database confirms what the DVD covered, in Another Froggy Evening, his voice was provided by Jeff McCarthy. Michigan J. Frog made a appearance in the Wabbit episode Misjudgement Day voiced by Jeff Bergman. He appears at the end of the episode as the one who sent one of his robots to destroy Bugs Bunny, Michigan J. Frog, again voiced by McCarthy, was the official mascot of The WB Television Network from its inception in 1995 until 2005. The networks first night of programming on January 11,1995 began with Bugs Bunny, the camera then panned over to Chuck Jones drawing Michigan on an easel, when Jones finished, Michigan leapt from the drawing to formally launch The WB. Michigan also would appear before the opening of shows, informing the viewer of the TV rating. In later shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, the announcer will present a TV-PG disclaimer though the frog still appears as a neon sign. On July 22,2005, Michigans death was announced by WB Network Chairman Garth Ancier at a fall season preview with the terse statement The frog is dead and buried. The head of programming for the WB Network, David Janollari, thats not the image we want to put out to our audience. Various humorous obituaries for the mascot were published with details on Michigans life and his dates were given as December 31,1955 - July 22,2005. Also, WMJF, a small television station at Towson University just outside Baltimore, Maryland. A neon likeness of Michigan J. Frog also adorns the facade of former WB affiliate WBNX-TVs studio complex in Cuyahoga Falls, ma Baby Im Just Wild About Harry The Michigan Rag Come Back to Éireann Throw Him Down McCloskey Won’t You Come Over to My House
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
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Dr. Seuss
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Theodor Seuss Geisel was an American writer, cartoonist, animator, book publisher, and artist best known for authoring childrens books under the pen name Dr. Seuss. His work includes several of the most popular books of all time, selling over 600 million copies. Geisel adopted his Dr. Seuss pen name during his university studies at Dartmouth College and he left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications. He also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for Flit and Standard Oil and he published his first childrens book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street in 1937. After the war, Geisel focused on books, writing classics such as If I Ran the Zoo. If I Ran the Circus, The Cat in the Hat and he published over 60 books during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations, including 11 television specials, four feature films, a Broadway musical, and four television series. He won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg, Geisels birthday, March 2, has been adopted as the annual date for National Read Across America Day, an initiative on reading created by the National Education Association. Geisel was born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of Henrietta, all four of his grandparents were German immigrants. His father managed the brewery and was later appointed to supervise Springfields public park system by Mayor John A. Denison after the brewery closed because of Prohibition. Mulberry Street in Springfield, made famous in Dr. Seuss first childrens book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, is less than a mile southwest of his home on Fairfield Street. He enrolled at Springfield Central High School in 1917 and graduated in 1921 and he took an art class as a freshman and later became manager of the school soccer team. Geisel attended Dartmouth College, graduating in 1925, at Dartmouth, he joined the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity and the humor magazine Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern, eventually rising to the rank of editor-in-chief. While at Dartmouth, he was caught drinking gin with nine friends in his room, at the time, the possession and consumption of alcohol was illegal under Prohibition laws, which remained in place between 1920 and 1933. As a result of this infraction, Dean Craven Laycock insisted that Geisel resign from all extracurricular activities, to continue work on the Jack-O-Lantern without the administrations knowledge, Geisel began signing his work with the pen name Seuss. He was encouraged in his writing by professor of rhetoric W. Benfield Pressey, upon graduating from Dartmouth, he entered Lincoln College, Oxford intending to earn a PhD in English literature. At Oxford, he met Helen Palmer, who encouraged him to give up becoming an English teacher in favor of pursuing drawing as a career. Making use of his time in Europe, he pitched a series of cartoons called Eminent Europeans to Life magazine and his first nationally published cartoon appeared in the July 16,1927 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. This single $25 sale encouraged Geisel to move from Springfield to New York City, later that year, Geisel accepted a job as writer and illustrator at the humor magazine Judge, and he felt financially stable enough to marry Helen
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Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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For Scent-imental Reasons
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For Scent-imental Reasons is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes short released in 1949 and it was directed by Chuck Jones, written by Michael Maltese, and featured the characters Pepé Le Pew and Penelope Pussycat. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film and it was the first Chuck Jones directed cartoon to win this award. The owner of a shop in Paris is horrified to find a skunk, Pepé Le Pew. A strong and powerful gendarme, also repelled by the odor, is of no help, the perfumer notices a black female cat, and with rage flings her into the store and demands her to Remove that skunk, that polecat pole from the premises. The cat slides into the shop, hitting a bureau and causing a bottle of white dye to spill and run down her back, Pepé Le Pew sees her and immediately mistakes her for a skunk. The cat smells Pepés odor and immediately tries to run away, as she attempts to wiggle free from Pepés embrace, he makes comments like, it is love at sight first, no. and we will make beautiful music together. She breaks free and attempts to wash the stripe and the smell off but is unsuccessful and she runs to a window and tries to open it, but it is stuck. She finally takes refuge inside a glass cabinet, much to Pepés chagrin. Pepé first tries to lure her out sweetly, then demands that she out of the cabinet. She refuses, indicating that it is due to his odor, Pepé Le Pew becomes saddened, pulls out a gun, walks out of sight and fires the weapon, presumably killing himself. Panicked, the cat out to save him, only to run directly into Pepés arms. He tells her, I missed, fortunately for you, the chase continues until Pepé finds the cat on the windowsill. He believes that she is trying to prove her love for him by committing suicide, Pepé grabs for her, but she slips through his arms. Pepé then calls out, Vive lamour, we die together, the cat falls into a barrel of water under a rain-spout, while Pepé lands in a can of blue paint. The water washes the white stripe off the cat, and also gives her a cold, when Pepé climbs out he is blue. He sees the ragged-looking, sneezing wet cat but does not recognize her and he wanders off to find the beautiful young lady skunk. The soaked black cat watches his blue form walking away and she falls for him, when Pepé goes back into the perfume shop to look for the female skunk, he hears the door shut and the lock click behind him
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The Dot and the Line
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The Dot and the Line, A Romance in Lower Mathematics is a book written and illustrated by Norton Juster, first published by Random House in 1963. The story was inspired by Flatland, A Romance of Many Dimensions, in which the protagonist visits a universe called Lineland. The Dot and the Line won the 1965 Academy Award for Animated Short Film and it was entered into the Short Film Palme dOr competition at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival. The cartoon was released as a feature on The Glass Bottom Boat DVD in 2005. In 2005, Robert Xavier Rodriguez made a setting of the book for narrator and chamber ensemble with projected images. The story details a straight line who is hopelessly in love with a dot, the dot, finding the line to be stiff, dull, and conventional, turns her affections toward a wild and unkempt squiggle. The squiggle then takes advantage of the lines stiffness by reminding him hes a lot more fun for the dot. The lines friends try to get him to settle down with another female line and he tries to dream of greatness until he finally understands what the squiggle meant and decides that he needs to be more unconventional. Willing to do whatever it takes to win the dots affection and he works to refine this new ability, creating shapes so complex that he has to label his sides and angles in order to keep his place. When competing again, the claims that the line still has nothing to show for the dot. He proves his rival wrong and is able to show the dot what shes really worth with him and she realizes that she has made a mistake after seeing what the line was really offering her. The dot wondered what she had thought she saw in the squiggle to be freedom and joy was nothing more than chaos, the squiggle tries to reclaim her love, but finds himself out of shape. Fed up, the dot tells him off how she feels about him. She leaves with the line, having realized that he has more to offer. The Dot and the Line served as the inspiration for a collection of jewelry by designer Jane A. Gordon. The short film also inspired The Dot and Line, a blog that publishes essays about cartoons and interviews with actors and creators like Fred Seibert, Natalie Palamides. This was one of only two non-Tom and Jerry animated short subjects to be released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer post-1958, the other one is The Bear That Wasnt, released in 1967 as the last-ever MGM animated short. The Dot and the Line won the award for an animated short for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Media related to Chuck Jones at Wikimedia Commons
