1.
Boulder, Colorado
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Boulder is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Boulder County, and the 11th most populous municipality in the U. S. state of Colorado. Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet above sea level, the city is 25 miles northwest of Denver. The population of the City of Boulder was 97,385 people at the 2010 United States Census, while the population of the Boulder, furthermore, the city of Boulder frequently receives high rankings in art, health, well-being, quality of life, and education. The university officially opened on September 5,1877, Boulder adopted an anti-saloon ordinance in 1907. Statewide prohibition started in Colorado in 1916 and ended with the repeal of prohibition in 1933. As of the census of 2010, there were 97,385 people,41,302 households, the population density is 3,942.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 43,479 housing units at a density of 1,760.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 88. 0% White,0. 9% Black or African American,0. 4% Native American,4. 7% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,3. 2% some other race, and 2. 6% from two or more races. 8. 7% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race,35. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7. 1% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16, and the family size was 2.84. Boulders population is younger than the average, largely due to the presence of university students. The median age at the 2010 census was 28.7 years compared to the U. S. median of 37.2 years. In Boulder,13. 9% of the residents were younger than the age of 18,29. 1% from 18 to 24,27. 6% from 25 to 44,20. 3% from 45 to 64, for every 100 females there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and older, there were 106.2 males, in 2011 the estimated median household income in Boulder was $57,112, and the median family income was $113,681. Male full-time workers had an income of $71,993 versus $47,574 for females. The per capita income for the city was $37,600,24. 8% of the population and 7. 6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the population,17. 4% of those under the age of 18 and 6. 0% of those 65. Boulder housing tends to be priced higher than surrounding areas, for the 2nd quarter of 2006, the median single-family home in Boulder sold for $548,000 and the median attached dwelling sold for $262,000
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Fairview High School (Boulder, Colorado)
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Fairview High School is a public, coeducational, comprehensive BVSD secondary school located in Boulder, Colorado,26 miles northwest of Denver. More than two thousand students attend the school and it is in the 5A category of the Colorado High School Activities Association. In 2015 the Washington Post named Fairview the 340th most challenging high school to attend in the United States, the 2014 US News ranking placed Fairview among the top three public high schools in Colorado, 205th in the United States, and 122nd nationally in STEM education. Fairview High School was ranked by Newsweek magazine as the 2nd best high school in Colorado, more than 79% of all seniors passed an AP or IB test. Fairview High School is one of twenty schools in Colorado which offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma program. The school also offers a program composed of two years of preparatory honors classes taken during the ninth and tenth grades. Students have the opportunity to enroll in a mixture of IB, selected in the third round of the 2000 NFL Draft out of Wake Forest University by the Chicago Bears with whom he played for 5 seasons John Mozeliak - general manager of the St
3.
Wyoming Cowboys football
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The Wyoming Cowboys are a college football team that represents the University of Wyoming. They compete in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision of NCAA Division I and have won 15 conference titles, the head coach is Craig Bohl, who entered his first season in 2014. War Memorial Stadium was built in 1950 with an capacity of 20,000 fans. It is the highest Division I FBS football stadium in the nation, the playing surface was natural grass until 2005, when infilled artificial turf was installed. Prior to War Memorial Stadium, the Cowboys played at Corbett Field, a field located southeast of Half Acre Gym where the Business Building. It was named for John J. Corbett, longtime all-sport coach, the field was the first official stadium for the Cowboys, previously they had played on Prexys Pasture, the main green of the school. The Bronze Boot is awarded to the winner of the football game between Wyoming and Colorado State, in nearby Fort Collins. The annual game has evolved into one of the most bitterly contested rivalries in college football. The teams have waged the Border War one hundred times since the schools playing in 1899, playing every year except 1901,1902,1906,1907,1918,1924,1926,1927,1928,1943,1944. This is one of the oldest interstate rivalries west of the Mississippi River, the series is the oldest rivalry for both schools and the Border War has been played in three different centuries. The Paniolo Trophy is awarded to the winner of the football games played between Wyoming and Hawaii. This rivalry started in 1979 when Hawaii joined the WAC conference and was played annually until 1997, Hawaii joined the MWC as a football-only affiliate member in 2012, renewing the rivalry. Bridgers Battle is the name for the football games played between Wyoming and Utah State, the winner of which is awarded the trophy of the rivalry. The rivalry started in 1903, and renewed as a game in 2013 when Utah State joined the Mountain West Conference. Mike Dirks - tackle - part of one of footballs best defenses in 1966 and 1967. He was selected as an All-American and All-Western Athletic Conference performer and he co-captained Wyomings 1967 WAC Championship football team that finished fifth in the nation. Led the Cowboys to a 10-1 record and berth in the 1968 Sugar Bowl and he was part of the Cowboys line that was the nations best rushing defense for two consecutive seasons. No team in the nation has since allowed fewer rushing yards than the 1966 and 1967 Wyoming defenses, Dirks produced 71 tackles,30 unassisted tackles, and 26 tackles for a loss
4.
USC Trojans football
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The USC Trojans football program, established in 1888, represents the University of Southern California in college football. USC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I FBS, the Trojans throughout NCAA history have claimed 11 national championships. USC has the most Pro Football Hall of Famers, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances. The team is coached by Clay Helton, USC first fielded a football team in 1888. Playing its first game on November 14 of that year against the Alliance Athletic Club, USC faced its first collegiate opponent the following year in fall 1889, playing St. Vincents College to a 40–0 victory. In 1893, USC joined the Intercollegiate Football Association of Southern California, which was composed of USC, Occidental College, Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pomona College was invited to enter, but declined to do so. An invitation was extended to Los Angeles High School. Before they were named Trojans in 1912, USC athletic teams were called the Methodists, during the early years, limitations in travel and the scarcity of major football-playing colleges on the West Coast limited its rivalries to local Southern Californian colleges and universities. During this period USC played regular series against Occidental, Caltech, Whittier, Pomona, the first USC team to play outside of Southern California went to Stanford University on November 4,1905, where they were trampled 16–0 by the traditional West Coast powerhouse. While the teams would not meet again until 1918, this was also USCs first game against a future Pac-12 conference opponent, during this period USC also played its first games against other future Pac-12 rivals, including Oregon State, California, Oregon and Arizona. Between 1911–1913, USC followed the example of California and Stanford, the results were disastrous, as USC was soundly defeated by more experienced programs while the school itself experienced financial reverses, it was during this period that Owen R. After several decades of competition, USC first achieved prominence under head coach Gloomy Gus Henderson in the early 1920s. Another milestone came under Henderson in 1922, when USC joined the Pacific Coast Conference, success continued under coach Howard Jones from 1925 to 1940, when the Trojans were just one of a few nationally dominant teams. It was during this era that the achieved renown as the Thundering Herd. USC achieved intermittent success in the years following Jones tenure, jeff Cravath, who coached from 1942–1950, won the Rose Bowl in 1943 and 1945. Jess Hill, who coached from 1951 to 1956, won the Rose Bowl in 1953, from 1957 to 1959, the Trojans were coached by Don Clark. The Pacific Coast Conference dissolved in 1959, USC joined the conferences other three California schools and Washington to form a new conference, the Athletic Association of Western Universities, under a new charter. The program entered a new golden age upon the arrival of head coach John McKay, during this period the Trojans produced two Heisman Trophy winners and won four national championships
5.
Miami Hurricanes
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The Miami Hurricanes are the varsity sports teams of the University of Miami, located in the Coral Gables suburb of Miami, Florida. They compete in the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference, the university fields 15 athletic teams for 17 varsity sports. Mens teams compete in baseball, basketball, cross-country, diving, football, tennis, womens teams compete in basketball, cross-country, swimming and diving, golf, rowing, soccer, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. UM has approximately equal participation by male and female varsity athletes in these sports, Team colors are green, orange, and white. The school mascot is Sebastian the Ibis, the schools athletics logo is a simple green and orange, color of an orange tree, letter U. The schools marching band is the Band of the Hour, aside from being an independent in baseball, the Hurricanes were a full member of the Big East Conference from 1991 to 2004. In 2004, the became a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Miamis traditional athletic rivals include the Seminoles of Florida State University, the Hurricanes have played more football games against the Seminoles than against any other opponent, the series began in 1951, and has been played annually since 1969. The Hurricanes first played the Gators in football in 1938, since then, Miami and Florida have met only six times. The Hurricanes and the Gators last scheduled meeting was the game in Miami on September 7,2013, as of the fall of 2013, Miami holds a 29–26 series lead against Florida. UM has won four championships and reached the College World Series 22 times in the 34 seasons since 1974. Five UM graduates are active on MLB teams. The team is coached by Jim Morris, the former head coach of the Georgia Tech baseball team. Former coach Ron Fraser was inducted into the College Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2006, the team plays its games on the UM campus, in Alex Rodriguez Park at Mark Light Field. Morris contract as coach has been extended through 2015, Morris has established a record of 850–344–3 in 19 seasons at Miami. His teams reached the College World Series in his first six seasons at UM, the Mascot for the baseball team is The Miami Maniac. Miami holds the longest consecutive post season appearance streak at 44 consecutive years and this streak is the longest of any mens NCAA Div.1 major sport, topping the football post season streak of 35 seasons and the basketball streak of 27 seasons. The Miami Hurricanes mens basketball team has produced three players who are currently on NBA rosters, rick Barry, who played his collegiate basketball at UM, is a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
6.
Boise State Broncos football
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The Broncos play their home games on campus at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho, and their head coach is Bryan Harsin. The program is 11–6 in bowl games since 1999, including a 3–0 record in the Fiesta Bowl, originally a junior college, Boise State first fielded a football team in 1933 under head coach Dusty Kline. That team compiled a record of 1–2–1, Kline was succeeded by Max Eiden. Under Eiden, the Broncos posted a record of 17–23–1 from 1934 to 1939, the Broncos posted records of 4–2, 3–4, and 2–4–2 in 1940,1941 and 1946 under head coach Harry Jacoby. After a year as an assistant, Lyle Smith was promoted to football coach of Boise Junior College in 1947. Riding a 31-game winning streak in 1950, the moved into a new 10. With the outbreak of the Korean War, Smith missed all and he returned in 1952 and was a leading candidate for the vacant job at his alma mater Idaho in 1954, but withdrew his name from consideration, content at Boise. Boise won thirteen titles in football under Smith and the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1958. Boise States football program moved up to four-year status in 1968 under new head coach Tony Knap, the Broncos were accepted into the NCAA in October 1969, and a month later into the Big Sky Conference, effective the following July. The Broncos began NCAA competition in 1970 in Division II in a brand new Bronco Stadium, Knap and the Broncos won three consecutive Big Sky titles from 1973 to 1975 and compiled a record of 71–19–1. Knap was succeeded by Jim Criner in 1976, an assistant the previous season under Dick Vermeil at UCLA. BSU won the Big Sky again in 1977, and in 1978, the Broncos, off probation in 1980, BSU won its first national title, taking the I-AA national championship over defending champion Eastern Kentucky in Sacramento. A runner-up to Idaho State in the Big Sky in 1981, BSU hosted Eastern Kentucky in the I-AA semifinals, Criner departed after the 1982 season to accept the head football coach position at Iowa State. Lyle Setencich was promoted from defensive coordinator to head coach of Boise State following Criners departure, under Setencich, Boise State posted a 24–20 record in four seasons. He lost all four games against Idaho and resigned following the season. Skip Hall, previously an assistant coach under Don James at Washington, was hired after Setencichs resignation, in Halls second season, the Broncos returned to the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs, their first appearance since 1981. Hall lost all six against Idaho and resigned as the Broncos head coach after six seasons, the Broncos turned to Portland State head coach Pokey Allen to lead the Boise State football team after Hall resigned. Under Allen, the Broncos returned to the game in 1994
7.
East Carolina University
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East Carolina University is a public, doctoral/research university in Greenville, North Carolina, United States. Named East Carolina University by statute and commonly known as ECU or East Carolina, the Association of Public and Land Grant Universities designates East Carolina as a Sea Grant university and an Innovation and Economic Prosperity campus. Founded on March 8,1907 as a training school. The nine undergraduate colleges, graduate school, and four schools are located on these four properties. All of the non-health sciences majors are located on the main campus, the College of Nursing, College of Allied Health Sciences, The Brody School of Medicine, and School of Dental Medicine are located on the health science campus. There are ten social sororities,16 social fraternities, four historically black sororities, five historically black fraternities, one Native American fraternity, there are over 300 registered clubs on campus including fraternities and sororities. Although its purpose was to young white men and women. In 1920, ECTTS became an institution and renamed East Carolina Teachers College. A masters degree program was authorized in 1929, the first such degree granted by ECTC was in 1933. Progress toward full college status was made in 1948 with the designation of the bachelor of arts as an arts degree. A change of name to East Carolina College in 1951 reflected this expanded mission, over the objections of Governor Dan K. The university did not remain independent for long, on July 1,1972, it was incorporated into the University of North Carolina System, the successor to the Consolidated University. Today, ECU is the third–largest university in North Carolina with 21,589 undergraduate and 5,797 graduate students, East Carolina is separated into three distinct campuses, Main Campus, Health Sciences Campus, and West Research Campus. It owns two sports complexes, Blount Recreational Sports Complex and North Recreational Complex and it owns a field station in New Holland, North Carolina. The main campus, also known as the east campus, is about 530 acres in a residential area of downtown Greenville. The 158 buildings on main campus comprise more than 4.6 million square feet of academic, research, many of the Main Campus buildings feature the Spanish–Mission style architecture, inspiration drawn from Thomas Jarvis time as an ambassador to Brazil. He wanted to bring the unique architecture to eastern North Carolina, on the main campus, there are five districts, Campus Core, Downtown District, Warehouse District, Athletic fields and the South Academic District. On the Campus Core, there are 15 residence halls which are divided into three separate neighborhoods, the distinct feature of the main campus is the mall, which is a large tree–laden grassy area where many students go to relax
8.
UNLV Rebels football
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The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The team is currently a member of the Mountain West Conference, the program which began on September 14,1968, is coached by former Bishop Gorman High School head coach, Tony Sanchez. The teams home games are played at Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, the Rebels played their first game of their inaugural season against the St. Marys Gaels at Cashman Field in Las Vegas. The Rebels won the game, defeating the Gaels 27–20 in front of 8,000 fans, the Rebels remained undefeated until the last game of the season, losing to Cal Lutheran Kingsmen, 17–13, as the Rebels finished their inaugural campaign 8-1. The following year the Rebels played their first game against in-state rival Nevada, UNLV gained revenge, defeating Nevada the following year, 42–30, in the first year that the Fremont Cannon was awarded. On September 25,1971, the Rebels played their first game against a Division I school, on October 23,1971, the Rebels opened their new home, Las Vegas Stadium, against Weber State, losing 30–17. At the end of the 1972 season with a disappointing 1-10 record, Ireland announced he was stepping down, the Rebels embarked on their first post-season journey in a national quarterfinal against Alcorn State, defeating the Braves 35–22 in Las Vegas. The Rebels memorable season ended in the semifinals in the Grantland Rice Bowl. Meyer left the program in 1976 to take the coaching position at collegiate powerhouse. Former Boise State coach Tony Knap took over the Rebels in 1976, after ten years as a Division II independent, the program made the jump to the Division I level in 1978, independent of any conference affiliation. On September 9, the Rebels played their first game as a Division I school, the Rebels defeated their first major college opponent away from Las Vegas, with a 33–6 victory over Colorado State in Fort Collins. At the end of the season, the Rebels made a trip to Yokohama, even with the hard end to the season, the Rebels still produced a memorable year, going 7-4 in their first campaign at the Division I level. The Rebels first PCAA game was a 29–27 loss to Pacific on October 2 and it took the entire season before the Rebels won their first conference game, a 42–23 victory against Cal State Fullerton on November 27. Hyde stepped down after the 1985 season and a 5-5-1 record, the Rebels were forced to forfeit their entire 1984 season, including the California Bowl. 1994 was another season for the Rebels, as wide receiver Randy Gatewood set two single-game receiving records in a 48–38 loss to Idaho on September 17. The Rebels then stunned the heavily favored Nevada, 32–27 to win a share of the Big West Conference championship, the Rebels then defeated Central Michigan 52–24 in the Las Vegas Bowl on their home field. In 1996, the Rebels along with San Jose State left the Big West Conference and became a member of the heavily expanded Western Athletic Conference. The league announced that it would hold a game for the top team in each of the two divisions at the end of each season and that the game would be held at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas
9.
East Carolina Pirates football
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The East Carolina Pirates are a college football team that represents East Carolina University. The team is a member of the American Athletic Conference, which is in Division I Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Scottie Montgomery is currently the teams head coach. The Pirates have won seven championships and nine bowl games. The Pirates have 20 All-Americans over its history, four players have their jerseys retired. Numerous Pirates have played in the NFL, including ten current players, the team played its inaugural season in 1932. The team played games at College Stadium on the main campus from the 1949 to the 1962 season. With the exception of the 1999 Miami football game, they have played their games at Dowdy-Ficklen Stadium every year since 1963. The stadium is located south of East Carolinas main campus near the intersection of South Charles Boulevard, Dowdy-Ficklen underwent an expansion in 2010, raising the capacity of the stadium to 50,000. The Pirates announced a $55 million renovation project to Dowdy-Ficklen in 2016, the coaches and administrative support is located in the Ward Sports Medicine Building, which is located adjacent to the stadium. The Pirates also practice and train at the Cliff Moore Practice Facility, which was renovated in 2005. East Carolina began organized football in the fall of 1932, the first football coach in school history was Kenneth Beatty. They played under the nickname Teachers because the school was a training school. The team played five games, with two in Greenville and they however did not score a point the whole season, while opponents scored a combined 187 points. The 1933 season started just as they left the 1932 season, the team lost the first four games not scoring a point. The first victory in history came against Campbell on November 11,1933. The 1933 team lost their game against Appalachian St. 14–0. Coach Beatty left after the season, doc Mathis was appointed the head coach after Coach Beatty left. Before the season, the decided to change their nickname
10.
Miami Hurricanes football
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The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football. The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association s Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, the program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships. Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma. Miami also holds a number of NFL Draft records, including most first round selections in a single draft, two Hurricanes have won the Heisman Trophy and nine have been inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame. The team plays its games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens. The Hurricanes are currently coached by Mark Richt, UM began with just a freshman football team in 1926. Its first game was played on October 23,1926, a 7–0 win over Rollins College before 304 fans, under the guidance of head coach Howard P. Buck, the freshman team posted a perfect 8–0 record in its inaugural season. Two of the wins were against the University of Havana, one on Thanksgiving Day in Miami, Miamis last home game at of the season featured a first, the first Hurricane football game played on New Years Day against Howard at Miamis University Stadium. Varsity competition began in 1927, with Miami beating Rollins 39–3 in its first game and going on to a 3–6–1 record. The team improved to 4–4–1 in 1928, but it was not enough for Buck to keep his job, rixs arrival was funded by a group of local businessmen. That off-season, the program, which competed as an independent during its first two years of existence, joined the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association,1929 saw Miami play its first varsity road game, and Rix led the team to its first winning season, going 3–2. His tenure, however, was short-lived, off-campus financing for the dried up in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash. Ernest Brett replaced Rix, and in 1930, Miami played Temple in its first game outside the South, losing 34–0 to the Owls in Atlantic City, New Jersey. On October 31,1930, the Hurricanes played in one of the nations first night games vs. Bowden College in Miami, Brett only lasted one year, and Tom McCann became the programs fourth head coach in 1931. Under McCann, the program experienced its most successful seasons to that point. After a difficult first year, Miami put together a record in 1932 and served as host to the inaugural Palm Festival. A 5–1–2 campaign and another Palm Festival berth followed in 1933, and in 1934, in 1935, a group of Miami football supporters sought to hire Red Grange as coach. However, the move was vetoed by President Bowman Foster Ashe, instead Irl Tubbs took over as head coach in 1935, and though Miami compiled an 11–5–2 record in his two seasons, it did not play in a bowl in either year
11.
Cleveland Browns
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The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Browns compete in the National Football League as a club of the American Football Conference North division. The Browns play their games at FirstEnergy Stadium, which opened in 1999, with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea. The Browns official colors are brown, orange and white and they are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets and are the only team named after a specific person, original coach Paul Brown. The franchise was founded in 1945 by businessman Arthur B, McBride and coach Paul Brown as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference. The Browns dominated the AAFC, compiling a 47–4–3 record in the four active seasons. When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season, the Browns joined the National Football League along with the San Francisco 49ers, from 1965 to 1995, they made the playoffs 14 times, but did not win another championship or appear in the Super Bowl in that period. In 1995, owner Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced plans to move the team to Baltimore, Maryland. The Browns intellectual property, including name, logos, training facility, and history, were kept in trust. A new team would be established by 1999 either by expansion or relocation, the Browns were announced as an expansion team in 1998 and resumed play in 1999. Since resuming operations in 1999, the Browns have struggled to find success and they have had only two winning seasons, one playoff appearance, and no playoff wins. The franchise has also noted for a lack of stability with quarterbacks. To date, the Browns overall win-loss record since 1999 is 88–200, the Browns origins date to 1944, when taxicab magnate Arthur B. Mickey McBride secured the rights to a Cleveland franchise in the newly formed All-America Football Conference. S, early in 1945, McBride named 36-year-old Ohio State Buckeyes coach Paul Brown as the teams head coach and general manager and gave him a share in its profits. The move surprised and upset Buckeye fans, who had hoped he would resume his successful run at the school after the war, the name of the team was at first left up to Paul Brown, who rejected calls for it to be christened the Browns. The franchise and the Cleveland Plain Dealer then held a naming contest to publicize the team, in June 1945, a committee selected Panthers as the new teams name, named after a failed American Football League franchise in Cleveland which only lasted a single season in 1926. It is unclear whether Panthers was the highest vote-getter, or if it was second-highest behind Browns, however, the owner of the failed AFL Panthers franchise, General C. X. Zimmerman, indicated that he owned the name Cleveland Panthers, at this point, Paul Brown bowed to popular sentiment and agreed to the Browns name
12.
Oakland Raiders
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The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football franchise based in Oakland, California. The Raiders currently compete in the NFL as a club of the leagues American Football Conference West division. At the end of the NFLs 2015 season, the Raiders boasted a lifetime record of 444 wins,397 losses. The Raiders plan to remain in Oakland through 2018 – and possibly 2019 –, the Raiders off-field fortunes have varied considerably over the years. The teams first three years of operation were marred by poor performance, financial difficulties, and spotty attendance. In 1963, however, the Raiders fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach Al Davis, in 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first AFL Championship that year, in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, the Raiders run of success intensified during the 1970s. From 1970 to 1977, the team won six division titles, in 1976, the team captured its first NFL Championship with a convincing victory over the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl XI. In 1982, amidst much controversy, the Raiders relocated to Los Angeles, the team finished with the NFLs best regular season record that year, one year later, the Raiders beat the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII to capture their third Super Bowl championship. The Raiders fortunes declined following the 1985 season, they would win just one division title. In 1995, the Raiders returned to Oakland, after several years of continued mediocrity, the team entered a brief period of pronounced success in the early 2000s. From 2000 to 2002, the Raiders won three division titles and four playoff games, their renaissance culminated with a lopsided 2002 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Super Bowl XXXVII. The Super Bowl loss marked the beginning of a period of futility for the Raiders, from 2003 through 2015. In 2016, the Raiders finally ended their postseason drought with a victory over the division rival San Diego Chargers. At the end of the 2016 NFL season, the finished with a 12–4 record. The Raiders are known for their fan base and distinctive team culture. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles, four AFC Championships, one AFL Championship, fourteen former members of the team have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Having enjoyed a successful coaching career at Navy during the 1950s
13.
North Carolina Tar Heels football
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The North Carolina Tar Heels football team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the sport of American football. The Tar Heels have played in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, being the oldest public university and oldest collegiate team in the Carolinas, the school is nicknamed Carolina in athletics. The programs title in football is Carolina Football, North Carolina has played in 31 bowl games in its history and won three Southern Conference championships and five Atlantic Coast Conference titles. Thirty Tar Heel players have been honored as first-team All-Americas on 38 occasions, Carolina had 32 All-Southern Conference selections when it played in that league until 1952 and since joining the ACC in 1953, has had 174 first-team All-ACC choices. Since joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953, the team has won five conference championships, one very important contribution to the game of football by Carolina is the modern use of the forward pass, they were the first college team to use the play in 1895. It was conceived to break a deadlock and give UNC a 6–0 win. The Tar Heels were in a situation and a Georgia rush seemed destined to block the ball. The punter, with a dash to his right, tossed the ball and it was caught by George Stephens. The University of North Carolina fielded its first football team in 1888, Hector Cowan was Carolinas first head football coach. The Tar Heels played four games with a record of 1–3. The team captains for the 1888 season were Bob Bingham and Steve Bragaw, the game against Wake Forest was the first in the state, and the first against Trinity the first scientific game in the state. Ergo, one or the other is the first intercollegiate game in North Carolina, princeton star Hector Cowan traveled south and trained the team. In 1889, UNC played two games with a record of 1–1. The University would not field another team until 1891. The team captains for the 1889 season were Lacy Little and Steve Bragaw, William A. Reynolds coached the Tar Heels for four seasons. In 1897, Carolina played ten games with a record of 7–3. The team captain for the 1897 season was Arthur Belden, in 1898, the Tar Heels played nine games with a final record of 9–0. The team captain for the 1898 season was Frank O. Rogers, the team claimed a Southern championship
14.
Baltimore Ravens
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The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League as a club of the American Football Conference North division. The team plays its games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, in return, he was allowed to take his own personnel and team to Baltimore, where such personnel would then form an expansion team. The Ravens organization has been led by general manager Ozzie Newsome since 1996, the team is owned by Steve Bisciotti and valued at $1.5 billion, making the Ravens the 24th-most valuable sports franchise in the world. The name Ravens was inspired by Edgar Allan Poes poem The Raven, chosen in a fan contest that drew 33,288 voters, the allusion honors Poe, who spent the early part of his career in Baltimore and is buried there. As the Baltimore Sun reported at the time, fans also liked the tie-in with the birds in town, the Orioles. After the controversial relocation of the Colts to Indianapolis, several attempts were made to bring an NFL team back to Baltimore. In 1993, ahead of the 1995 league expansion, the city was considered a favorite, behind only St. Louis and this led to public outrage and the Baltimore Sun describing Taglibue as having an Anybody But Baltimore policy. Maryland governor William Donald Schaefer said afterward that Taglibue had led him on, praising Baltimore, by May 1994, Baltimore Orioles owner Peter Angelos had gathered a new group of investors, including author Tom Clancy, to bid on teams whose owners had expressed interest in relocating. Angelos found a partner in Georgia Frontiere, who was open to moving the Los Angeles Rams to Baltimore. Jack Kent Cooke opposed the move, intending to build the Redskins new stadium in Laurel, Maryland and this led to heated arguments between Cooke and Angelos, who accused Cooke of being a carpetbagger. Following this, Angelos made an unsuccessful $200 million bid to bring the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to Baltimore, enticed by Baltimores available funds for a first-class stadium, Modell announced on November 6,1995 his intention to relocate the team from Cleveland to Baltimore the following year. The resulting controversy ended when representatives of Cleveland and the NFL reached a settlement on February 8,1996, tagliabue promised the city of Cleveland that an NFL team would be located in Cleveland, either through relocation or expansion, no later than 1999. Additionally, the agreement stipulated that the Browns name, colors, uniform design, the franchise history includes Browns club records and connections with Pro Football Hall of Fame players. Modells Baltimore team, while retaining all current player contracts, would, for purposes of history, appear as an expansion team. Not all players, staff or front office would make the move to Baltimore, after relocation, Modell hired Ted Marchibroda as the head coach for his new team in Baltimore. Marchibroda was already well known because of his work as coach of the Baltimore Colts during the 1970s
15.
Indianapolis Colts
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The Indianapolis Colts are an American football team based in Indianapolis. The Colts compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference South division. Since the 2008 season, the Colts have played their games in Lucas Oil Stadium, previously, the team had played for over two decades at the RCA Dome. Since 1986, the Colts have been the host team for the NFL Scouting Combine, the Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in 1953 in Baltimore. The Colts were one of three NFL teams to join the teams of the American Football League to form the AFC following the 1970 merger. While in Baltimore, the team advanced to the playoffs 10 times, the Colts played in two Super Bowl games while it was based in Baltimore, losing to the New York Jets in Super Bowl III, while defeating the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl V. The Colts relocated to Indianapolis in 1984 and have appeared in the playoffs 16 times. Following World War II, a professional football league was organized known as the All America Football Conference which began play in the 1946 season. These Colts played for the three seasons in the old AAFC. With the organization in 1920 of the original American Professional Football Conference, the NFL considers the Texans and Colts to be separate teams, although many of the earlier teams shared the same colors of blue and white. Thus, the Indianapolis Colts are legally considered to be a 1953 expansion team, the third version of the Colts football team played their first season in Baltimore in 1953, where the team compiled a 3–9 record under first year head coach Keith Molesworth. The franchise struggled during the first few years in Baltimore, with the team not achieving their first winning record until the 1957 season. The Colts faced the New York Giants in the 1958 NFL Championship Game in what is considered to be among the greatest contests in professional football history. The Colts defeated the Giants 23–17 in the first game ever to utilize the overtime rule, a game seen by 45 million people. Following the two championships in 1958 and 1959, the Colts did not return to the NFL Championship for four seasons, in Shulas second season the Colts compiled a 12–2 record, but lost to the Cleveland Browns in the NFL Championship. However, in 1968 the Colts returned with the leadership of Unitas and Shula and went on to win the Colts third NFL Championship. The Colts, however, were stunned by the Jets, who won the game 16–7 in the first Super Bowl victory for the young AFL. The Colts immediately went on a rampage in the new league, as new head coach Don McCafferty led the 1970 team to an 11–2–1 regular season record, winning the AFC East title
16.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
17.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
18.
Houston Texans
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The Houston Texans are a professional American football team based in Houston, Texas. The team competes in the National Football League as a club of the American Football Conference South division. The Texans first played in 2002 as a team, making them the youngest franchise in the NFL currently. The Texans replaced Houstons previous franchise, the Houston Oilers, which moved to Nashville, the teams majority owner is Bob McNair. While the team struggled in the 2000s, they clinched its first playoff berth during the 2011 season as AFC South division champions. The Texans have gone on to win more AFC South championships in 2012,2015, to date, the Texans are the only NFL franchise to have never played in a conference championship game. In 1996, an earlier, the Cleveland Browns had controversially relocated to become the Baltimore Ravens. As part of the settlement between the NFL, the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and the owned by Art Modell. In order to out the franchisees at 32, the league also contemplated adding another expansion franchise. In association with Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, they would push for a domed stadium as part of the bid to lure the NFL back to Houston, on October 6,1999 the NFL awarded the 32nd team to Houston, at the cost of $700 million. The Houston Texans joined the league at the 2002 NFL season, while the team struggled in early seasons, results began to improve once native Houstonian Gary Kubiak became the head coach in 2006. The Texans finished with a.500 season in both 2007 and 2008, and nearly qualified for the 2009–10 NFL playoffs with a 9–7 result in 2009. In 2010, the team started the season on a 4–2 record going into a Week 7 bye week, the Texans then beat wild card Cincinnati Bengals 31–10 in the first round of the 2011–12 NFL playoffs, before a 20–13 defeat by the Ravens in the semifinals. The Texans surged as the team to beat in the AFC South in 2012, however, they lost three of their last four games to finish 12–4, beating the rival Indianapolis Colts in that four-game stretch allowed them to clinch their 2nd AFC South title. The Texans beat the Bengals again in the round. The Texans started 2–0 in 2013 but went into a tailspin, Kubiak was fired as head coach after being swept by the rival Jacksonville Jaguars, who themselves started 0–8. Wade Phillips filled in as coach, but the Texans poor form did not change. The 14-game losing streak is also the worst in franchise history, the Texans entered the 2014 season with a 14-game losing streak
19.
University of Southern California
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The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
20.
University of Miami
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The University of Miami is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the university enrolls 16,848 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, the university offers 116 undergraduate,105 masters, and 63 doctoral degree programs, of which 59 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study. Over the years, the students have represented all 50 states. With more than 14,000 full and part-time faculty and staff, uM’s main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings. In the 2017 U. S. News and World Report study of colleges and universities, Research is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $346.6 million per year in sponsored research grants. UM offers a library system with over 3.1 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage. UM also offers a range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities. UMs intercollegiate athletic teams, collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes, UMs football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982. They believed that a university would benefit their community. They were overly optimistic about future financial support for UM because the South Florida land boom was at its peak, the university began in earnest in 1925 when George E. Merrick, the founder of Coral Gables, gave 160 acres and nearly $5 million, to the effort. These contributions were land contracts and mortgages on real estate that had sold in the city. The university was chartered on April 18,1925 by the Circuit Court for Dade County. By the fall of 1926, when the first class of 372 students enrolled at UM, the boom had collapsed. For the next 15 years the university barely remained solvent, the construction of the first building on campus, now known as the Merrick Building, was left half built for over two decades due to economic difficulties. In the meantime, classes were held at the nearby Anastasia Hotel, with partitions separating classrooms, in 1929, Walsh and the other members of the Board of Regents resigned in the wake of the collapse of the Florida economy. UMs plight was so severe that students went door to door in Coral Gables collecting funds to keep it open, a reconstituted ten-member Board was chaired by UMs first president Bowman Foster Ashe. The new board included Merrick, Theodore Dickinson, E. B, douglas, David Fairchild, James H. Gilman, Richardson Saunders, Frank B. Shutts, Joseph H. Adams, and J. C, in 1930, several faculty members and more than 60 students came to UM when the University of Havana closed due to political unrest
21.
Linebacker
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A linebacker is a playing position in American football and Canadian football. Linebackers are members of the team, and line up approximately three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore back up the line. Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two point stance, the goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed. Another key play of the position is blitzing. A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as a pass rusher running into any exposed gap. When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offenses quarterback. Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defence, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or a layer of pass protection. Similar to the safety position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap. Before the advent of the two platoon system with units for offense and defense, the player who was the teams center on offense was often, though not always. Hence today one usually sees four defensive linemen to the five or more. Most sources claim coach Fielding H. Yost and center Germany Schulz of the University of Michigan invented the position, Schulz was Yosts first linebacker in 1904 when he stood up from his usual position on the line. Yost was horrified at first, but came to see the wisdom in Schulzs innovation, william Dunn of Penn St. was another Western linebacker soon after Schulz. However, there are historical claims tied to the linebacker position. For example, Percy Given of Georgetown is another center with a claim to the title first linebacker, despite Given, most sources have the first linebacker in the South as Frank Juhan of Sewanee. In the East, Ernest Cozens of Penn was one of the first of the centers, another, archaic term for the position. Walter E. Bachman of Lafayette was said to be the developer of the roving center concept, edgar Garbisch of Army was credited with developing the roving center method of playing defensive football in 1921. In professional football, Cal Hubbard is credited with pioneering the linebacker position and he starred as a tackle and end, playing off the line in a style similar to that of a modern linebacker. The middle or inside linebacker, sometimes called Mike or Mohr, is referred to as the quarterback of the defense
22.
Boise State University
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Boise State University is a college in Boise, Idaho. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934, and has been awarding baccalaureate and masters degrees since 1965. The university did not qualify for a ranking in U. S. News & World Reports 2017 National College Rankings, Universities in the bottom 25% do not have a published rank, and are listed alphabetically. The universitys athletic teams, the Broncos, have participated in NCAA Division I athletics since 1996, the school became Idahos third state university in 1974, after the University of Idaho and Idaho State University. Boise State now awards associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, as of 2010, the university has over 75,000 living alumni. The campus is located in Downtown Boise, the primary campus covers 175 acres, and includes more than 170 buildings. The campus is situated at an elevation of 2,700 feet above sea level, the schools library is named for grocery pioneer and longtime Boise resident Joe Albertson, who never attended BSU. The library is said to be enough to fit the entire student body of Boise State. It houses more than 550,000 books, has 80 public terminals for student use, an extensive library remodel was completed in the mid-1990s. The building is located along University Drive, and is connected to the SPEC or Special Events Center and this part of the building houses a smaller auditorium used for community productions, including the Idaho Dance Theatre. The SUB was recently remodeled and added significant space, the venue opened its doors in April 1984. It is designed to be shaped roughly like the State of Idaho when viewed from above, Boise State once operated a commercial truck driving school at its West Campus in Nampa, Idaho that featured a 65, 000-square-foot building with 28 classrooms, a bookstore and a library. However, in January,2009, the West Campus transitioned into the College of Western Idaho, additional education centers can be found at Mountain Home Air Force Base, Gowen Field and in Twin Falls, Idaho. An active student association provides a number of activities and programs to engage students outside the classroom. In addition, the school rallies around its popular program in the fall – and to a lesser degree. The Distinguished Lecture Series brings speakers such as journalist Seymour Hersh, author Michael Cunningham, other notable lecturers are sponsored by the Brandt Foundation and the Campus Read Committee. Over 76% of incoming freshmen have a 3.0 GPA or higher, with over 2,000 graduate students, Boise State also has the second largest graduate school enrollment in Idaho, after the University of Idaho. Only one in ten students graduated from Boise State in four years, as of 2013, the university offers five doctoral degrees,16 graduate certificates,77 masters degrees,99 baccalaureate degrees, and seven associate degrees
23.
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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The University of Nevada, Las Vegas is an American public research university located in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada. The 332-acre campus is located approximately 1. 6-mile east of the Las Vegas Strip, in addition, UNLVs law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is also the only law school in the state. The university is classified a research-intensive university by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, the William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration is annually ranked among the top hospitality programs in the United States due to the universitys proximity to the Las Vegas Strip. Its Thomas & Mack Center hosted the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, concerts, as well as lectures by Bill Clinton, in 1955, State Senator Mahlon Brown sponsored the legislation to provide $200,000 to construct the campuss first building - Frazier Hall. Groundbreaking on the original 60-acre site was in April 1956, UNLV was officially founded by the Nevada Board of Regents as the Southern Division of the University of Nevada on September 10,1957. The first classes were held on the current campus in the post and beam Mid Century Modern Maude Frazier Hall designed by the architectural firm. Twenty-nine students graduated in the first commencement ceremonies in 1964, in 1965, the Nevada Legislature named the school Nevada Southern University, and the Board of Regents hired the campuss first president, Donald C. Moyer. who died in 2008 at the age of 88, during this time Nevada Southern University also adopted the southern Rebel athletics moniker and a mascot dressed in a southern Confederate uniform named Beauregard. The popular reasoning behind such a controversial moniker and mascot is that they did it to oppose the northern Union traditions and symbols of their northern rival, the University of Nevada. It was not long, however, before protests from NSU/UNLV students forced a change to their Confederate mascot. Since its founding, the university has grown rapidly, expanding both its academic programs and campus facilities, in 1969, the Board of Regents approved the new name of University of Nevada at Las Vegas and the abbreviation UNLV. In 1973 Jerry Tarkanian was hired as the basketball coach by UNLVs second president. In 1981 Claes Oldenburgs Flashlight sculpture was installed on the plaza between Artemus Ham Hall and Judy Bayley Theatre, the Lied Institute for Real Estate Studies was established in 1989 to foster excellence in real estate education and research. In 2001, The School of Dental Medicine opened to train students, also, the Lied Library on campus opened. In 2003, the Institute for Security Studies was established to address Homeland Security concerns, the Lynn Bennett Childhood Development Center opened. In 2004, UNLV opened its first regional campus on Shadow Lane, the School of Dental Medicine is located on the Shadow Lane Campus. Also, The School of Public Health was established in the Division of Health Sciences to address new, in 2005, construction began on the $113 million science and engineering building, which has 200,000 square feet of teaching space, laboratories, and high-tech conference rooms. The building, was completed in 2008, UNLV launched its first comprehensive campaign, Invent the Future, with the goal of raising $500 million by December 2008
24.
Butch Davis
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Paul Hilton Butch Davis, Jr. is an American football coach. He is the football coach at Florida International University. He was head coach of the University of Miamis Hurricanes football team from 1995 to 2000 and he was hired by the NFLs Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an adviser in February 2012. Davis was born on November 17,1951 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, to Paul and he attended high school at Bixby High School in Bixby, Oklahoma where he was an all-state fullback and defensive end for the Spartans football team and graduated in 1970. After graduation, he attended the University of Arkansas and played end for the Razorbacks. Due to an injury, Davis was sidelined after his freshman year. He held his first head coaching job at Will Rogers High School in 1978, during that time, the 1987 Miami Hurricanes football team won the NCAA Division I-A national football championship. Davis followed Jimmy Johnson to Dallas, where Davis was promoted to coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys in 1993 after the departure of Dave Wannstedt. After Johnson left, Davis continued at Dallas for one year as assistant coach under Barry Switzer. Davis was hired as the football coach at the University of Miami in January 1995. Not long after Davis arrival, the Hurricanes were found to have committed violations of NCAA rules during the tenure of his predecessor. As a result, the Hurricanes were barred from play in his first year. Davis earned a 51–20 record during his tenure as head coach, during Davis final year as head coach, the Hurricanes finished 11–1, their best season since coming up one win short of the 1992 national championship. Despite finishing second in both polls, a quirk in the Bowl Championship Series formula resulted in the Hurricanes being shut out of that years national championship game. The Hurricanes were passed over in favor of the Florida State Seminoles, the Seminoles ultimately lost the Orange Bowl to the Oklahoma Sooners 13-2. The snub ultimately led the BCS to add a quality win bonus to its formula, the Hurricanes earned recognition from the American Football Coaches Association for outstanding graduation rates in each of his six seasons at Miami. Davis became head coach of the Cleveland Browns in 2001 and led the team to a 7–9 record in his first year, missing the playoffs by a game. The Browns posted a 9–7 record and got a berth in Davis second year
25.
National Football League Draft
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The National Football League Draft, also called the player selection meeting, is an annual event in which the National Football League teams select eligible college football players. It serves as the leagues most common source of player recruitment, from this position, the team can either select a player or trade their position to another team for other draft positions, a player or players, or any combination thereof. The round is complete when each team has selected a player or traded its draft position. Currently the draft consists of seven rounds, the original rationale in creating the draft was to increase the competitive parity between the teams as the worst team would, ideally, have chosen the best player available. In the early years of the draft, players were based on hearsay, print media. In the 1940s, some franchises began employing full-time scouts, the ensuing success of their corresponding teams eventually forced the other franchises to also hire scouts. Colloquially, the name of the each year takes on the form of the NFL season in which players picked could begin playing. For example, the 2010 NFL draft was for the 2010 NFL season, however, the NFL-defined name of the process has changed since its inception. The location of the draft has continually changed over the years to more fans. The drafts popularity now garners prime-time television coverage, in recent years, the NFL draft has occurred in late April or early May. The 2015 and 2016 NFL drafts were held in Chicago, in late 1934, Art Rooney, owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, gave the right of usage of two players to the New York Giants because Rooneys team had no chance to participate in the post-season. After the owner of the Boston Redskins, George Preston Marshall, protested the transaction, at a league meeting in December 1934, the NFL introduced a waiver rule to prevent such transactions. Any player released by a team during the season would be able to be claimed by other teams, the selection order to claim the player would be in inverse order to the teams standings at the time. Throughout this time, Bert Bell, co-owner of the Philadelphia Eagles, felt his teams lack of competitiveness on the field made it difficult for the Eagles to sell tickets and to be profitable. As a result, the NFL was dominated by the Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers, Giants, and Redskins. At a league meeting on May 18,1935, Bell proposed a draft be instituted to enhance the possibility of competitive parity on the field in order to ensure the viability of all franchises. His proposal was adopted unanimously that day, although the first draft would not occur until the next off-season. The rules for the selection of the players in the first draft were, first, from this pool, each franchise would select, in inverse order to their teams record in the previous year, a player
26.
College Football News
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College Football News is a magazine and website published by College Football News, Inc. headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. News coverage includes scores, statistics, rankings, and reports on football games. Analysis includes comparisons between teams, predictions of outcomes and high-school recruiting information. They also give awards to players in various categories, the website has fan discussion boards on topics relating to college football. Content from College Football News is used on sites, such as that of Fox Sports. In the summer of 2006, the College Football News website joined the Scout. com Network, however, they maintain separate editorial selections of All-America teams
27.
Touchdown
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A touchdown is a means of scoring in both American and Canadian football. Whether running, passing, returning a kickoff or punt, or recovering a turnover, to score a touchdown, one team must take the football into the opposite end zone. The touchdown is scored the instant the ball crosses the plane of the line while in possession of a player whose team is trying to score in that end zone. The play is dead and the scores the moment the ball crosses the goal line in possession of a player. The slightest part of the ball being over the line is sufficient for a touchdown to score. However, only the ball counts, not a players helmet, foot, touching one of the pylons at either end of the goal line with the ball constitutes breaking the plane as well. Touchdowns are usually scored by the offense by running or passing the ball, however, the defense can also score a touchdown if they have recovered a fumble or made an interception and return it to the opposing end zone. Special teams can score a touchdown on a kickoff or punt return, in short, any play in which a player legally carries the ball across the goal line scores a touchdown, and the manner in which he gained possession is inconsequential. A touchdown is worth six points, the scoring team is also awarded the opportunity for an extra point or a two-point conversion. Afterwards, the team scored the touchdown kicks off to the opposing team. This rule was changed to the iteration in 1889. If the teammate could fair catch the ball, he could follow with a try for goal from the spot of the catch, the governing rule at the time read, A match shall be decided by a majority of touchdowns. A goal shall be equal to four touchdowns, but in the case of a tie, in 1881, the rules were modified so that a goal kicked from a touchdown took precedence over a goal kicked from the field in breaking ties. In 1882, four touchdowns were determined to take precedence over a goal kicked from the field, two safeties were equivalent to a touchdown. In 1883, points were introduced to football, and a touchdown counted as four points, a goal after a touchdown also counted as four points. In 1889, the provision requiring the ball to actually be touched to the ground was removed, a touchdown was now scored by possessing the ball beyond the goal line. In 1897, the touchdown scored five points, and the goal after touchdown added another point, in 1900, the definition of touchdown was changed to include situations where the ball becomes dead on or above the goal line. In 1912, the value of a touchdown was increased to six points, the end zone was also added
28.
Interception
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In American or Canadian football, an interception occurs when a forward pass is caught by a player of the opposing team. This leads to a change of possession during the play. Following the stoppage of play, if the interceptor retained possession of the ball, interceptions are predominantly made by the secondary or the linebackers, who are usually closest to the quarterbacks intended targets, the wide receivers, running backs, and tight ends. Less frequently, a defensive lineman may get an interception from a ball, a near sack, a shovel pass, or a screen pass. For example, on December 4,2016, the Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Eric Berry scored the winning points via a pick two in a 29-28 victory over the Atlanta Falcons. Berry also achieved an ordinary pick six earlier in the same game, if the intercepting team can run out the clock, the intercepting player may down the ball immediately and not attempt to gain any yardage. This eliminates the chance of a fumble that could be recovered by the other team, there are also player safety implications, when the ball is turned over, the play is now suddenly and unexpectedly moving in the opposite direction. All of the players on offense are instantly susceptible to unexpected blocks, even if not attempting to stop the ball carrier, additionally, offensive players, particularly the quarterback, are often inexperienced tacklers and are at risk of injuring themselves while tackling the ball carrier. Only the interception of a pass is recorded statistically as an interception. The interception of a pass is recorded as a fumble by the passer. Lester Hayes of the Oakland Raiders was one of the National Football Leagues leaders at interceptions in the late 1970s and he was known for covering his chest, shoulders and forearms with a copious amount of the adhesive Stickum to help him hold on to the ball. He continued to use the substance, which he called pick juice, paul Krause holds the record for most career interceptions, with 81, and is tied for third place for most interceptions by an NFL rookie in his first season, with 12. He played his first three years in the NFL from 1964 to 1967 with the Washington Redskins but was traded to the Minnesota Vikings, Krause played until 1979 and appeared in four Super Bowls with the Vikings. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1998, Rod Woodson played 16 seasons with Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Baltimore, and Oakland, and holds the NFL record for most interception returns for touchdown in an NFL career with 12. Also, he holds the NFL record for most total defensive TD returns in a career with 13, Woodson, who is third on the NFL all-time career interception list with 71, was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2009. Sharper holds the NFL record for return yardage in a single season with 376 yards in 2009. He is also tied with Rod Woodson for most total defensive TD returns career with 13, charles Woodson, formerly with the Green Bay Packers and Oakland Raiders has 65 career interceptions and tied Rod Woodson for most defensive touchdowns with 13. Woodson and Sharper are tied for all time in interceptions returned for touchdowns with 11
29.
Cornerback
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A cornerback, also referred to as a corner, is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in American and Canadian football. Cornerbacks cover receivers, to defend against pass offenses and make tackles, other members of the defensive backfield include the safeties and occasionally linebackers. The cornerback position requires speed and agility, a cornerbacks skillset typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback, back-pedalling, executing single and zone coverage, disrupting pass routes, block shedding, and tackling. Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field, the chief responsibility of the cornerback is to defend against the offenses pass. The rules of American professional football and American college football do not mandate starting position, movement, there are no illegal defense formations. Cornerbacks can be anywhere on the side of the line of scrimmage at the start of play, although their proximity, formations. Most modern National Football League defensive formations use four defensive backs, a cornerbacks responsibilities vary depending on how the defense assigns protection to its defensive secondary. In terms of defending the run, often corners may be assigned to blitz depending on the decisions in a game. In terms of defending passing plays, a corner will be assigned to either zone or man-to-man coverage. A shutdown corner is most often used to identify a cornerback that lines up on either side of the zone of the field of play. In American football, shutdown corner is used to refer to only an few elite players. In zone coverage, the cornerback defends an area of the field. Many schemes and variations were created to provide defensive coordinators great latitude, when a team is using zone coverage, some areas of the field require special attention when defending against specific pass plays. They include the flats, mid range zones including the void and these are basic terms for the basic zones and routes which vary system to system, league to league, and team to team. At this time the captain attempts to read the alignment of the offensive players in order to best predict. He will base his decision on past experience, game preparation, and a sound comprehension of his teammates strengths, abilities and these adjustments may change on a play by play basis, due to substitutions or even evolving weather or field conditions. The cover 1 defense has just one defender playing in a deep zone downfield, normally the one defender playing the deep zone downfield is the Safety. The corners primary responsibility is to play on or off the receiver, often defensive coordinators will not use Cover 1 unless the cornerbacks for that team are very good at man-to-man coverage
30.
Anthony Henry (American football)
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Anthony Danel Henry is a former American football cornerback who played in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the round of the 2001 NFL Draft and also played for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at South Florida, Henry Attended Estero High School in Estero, Florida. He was named the District MVP in track, after setting school records in the triple jump, in football, he was named Lee County Athlete of the Year and District Player of the Year. Henry accepted a scholarship from the University of South Florida, as freshman he received second-team All-Independent honors at free safety after registering 73 tackles,2 interceptions and 2 fumble recoveries. The next year he ranked third on the team with 79 tackles, as a junior, he started eight-of-nine games at free safety and registered 62 tackles,3 interceptions and 2 fumble recoveries. In his last year he was moved to cornerback, but also saw snaps at safety and wide receiver. He was in the first batch of 4-yr letter winners ever in the USFs football program and he ended his collegiate career with 256 tackles,6 fumble recoveries,22 passes defensed and led the team in interceptions two years in a row. Henry was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the round of the 2001 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he played in 16 games and tied for the NFL lead in interceptions with 10, also set a franchise record with a 97-yard interception return for a touchdown. He saw less action his second year, in 2003, he was named the starter at right cornerback. In 2004, he tallied 76 tackles,4 interceptions and 12 passes defensed, during his four years with the team from 2001 to 2004, he started 39 of 61 games, recording 247 tackles,17 interceptions,49 passes defensed and a touchdown. Henry signed with the Dallas Cowboys as a free agent in 2005. He missed four games with a groin injury, that also limited him during the last 8 games of the year. In 2006, he was limited with an injury but still recorded 90 tackles,23 passes defensed and 2 interceptions. In 2007, he was limited with an ankle sprain. In 2008, he played 16 games, registering 55 tackles,7 passes defensed, on February 28,2009, he was traded to the Detroit Lions in exchange for quarterback Jon Kitna. He played four seasons for the Cowboys from 2005 to 2008, starting 51 of 56 games, recording 215 tackles,12 interceptions, Henry was benched in week 5 of the 2009 season because of his play and replaced with Phillip Buchanon
31.
John Harbaugh
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John W. Harbaugh is an American football coach who is the head coach of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Previously, he coached the backs for the Philadelphia Eagles. Harbaugh and his brother, former San Francisco 49ers and now University of Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh, are the first pair of brothers in NFL history to serve as head coaches. Jack Harbaugh, Jim and Johns father, served 45 years as a defensive coach, an assistant coach. John and the Ravens beat his brother, Jim, and the 49ers at Super Bowl XLVII in New Orleans on February 3,2013 by a score of 34-31, Harbaugh is one of the most respected coaches in the NFL. His 10 playoff wins are the second most by any coach in the NFL since 2008. Outside of winning Super Bowl XLVII, Harbaugh has guided the Ravens to two AFC North division championships and three AFC Championship appearances, Harbaugh was born in Toledo, Ohio, to Jacqueline M. Jackie and Jack Avon Harbaugh. His mother is of half-Sicilian and half-Polish descent, and his father has Irish, Harbaugh graduated from Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, during which time father Jack was an assistant under Bo Schembechler at the nearby University of Michigan. Harbaugh attended college at Miami University, where he graduated in 1984, Harbaugh worked as an assistant at Western Michigan, Pitt, Morehead State, Cincinnati, and Indiana. He was first hired in the NFL in 1998 by the Philadelphia Eagles then head coach Ray Rhodes, as such, he is in the Sid Gillman coaching tree. In 2007, after serving as Eagles special-teams coach for nine years, on January 19,2008 he became the head coach of the Baltimore Ravens after the teams first choice Dallas Cowboys offensive coordinator Jason Garrett turned down the offer. He was not considered one of the favorites for the job until he was interviewed and he impressed team owner Steve Bisciotti and Vice President of Player Personnel/General Manager Ozzie Newsome. New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick also recommended Harbaugh to Bisciotti by phone during the interview process and this helped Harbaugh to make the unusual leap from NFL position coach to head coach without previously serving as an offensive or defensive coordinator. On January 23,2008, Harbaugh hired longtime NFL offensive coach Cam Cameron as offensive coordinator, Cameron was also quarterbacks coach for Johns brother, Jim, during their time at Michigan. On September 7,2008, in his debut as a coach, John. Until then, no team had won when a coach. In his rookie season as a coach, Harbaugh guided the Ravens to an 11–5 regular season record. In the playoffs, he led the team to victories over the Miami Dolphins
32.
Greg Mattison
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Greg Mattison is an American football coach and former player. He is the current defensive line coach at the University of Michigan, Mattison was formerly the defensive coordinator for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. He also served as coordinator and defensive line coach for at the University of Florida for three years. At Florida he was a member of the 2006 BCS National Championship team, on January 18,2011, the Ravens announced that Mattison had accepted the defensive coordinator position at the University of Michigan. His contract at Michigan makes him among the highest paid college football assistant coaches in the country and he was selected as one of five finalists for the 2011 Broyles Award. On January 26,2009, Mattison was promoted to coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens. He was the linebackers coach, a job he got in part due to his relationship with John Harbaugh. During his time at WMU, Mattison coached alongside John Harbaugh, Harbaugh, then head coach of the Baltimore Ravens, hired Mattison to coach the Ravens linebackers. The job was Mattisons first NFL coaching position in 37 years of coaching football, at Florida, he served as co-coordinator of the defense with Charlie Strong. Charlie Strong also served as assistant Head Coach and Linebackers coach while Greg also pulled double duty working as Defensive lines coach. Prior to his time at Florida, Mattison coached at University of Notre Dame from 1997 to 2004 as the defensive coordinator under Bob Davie until the Ty Willingham era. Prior to his time at Notre Dame, Mattison coached the line at the University of Michigan from 1992 to 1996. Mattisons charges also led the conference in total defense twice and scoring defense once and he also coached with Coach Davie at Texas A&M University from 1988 to 1991 while Davie was defensive coordinator. Slocum, the Aggies featured the Wrecking Crew, a nickname for one of the nations top-ranked defenses, Mattison was a finalist for the head coaching job at Western Michigan University following the 2004 season, a job that eventually went to Bill Cubit. Mattison had served as the coordinator and linebackers coach under Jack Harbaugh at Western Michigan from 1981 to 1986. Mattison is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, where he played football and he attended high school at Madison East High School in Madison, Wisconsin. He was previously a member of the Baltimore Ravens and the St. Louis Rams
33.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
34.
Peyton Manning
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Peyton Williams Manning is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League, primarily with the Indianapolis Colts. Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time, Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee, leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season. He is the son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning. Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft, from 1998 to 2010, he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders. After undergoing neck surgery forced him to miss the entire 2011 season, Manning was released by the Colts. Manning holds many NFL records, including passing yards, touchdown passes, AP MVP awards, Pro Bowl appearances, at 39 years of age, Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl. Manning is also the quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches. Teams led by Manning typically utilized the offense in place of the standard huddle. Manning attended Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, Louisiana, and he was named Gatorade Circle of Champions National Player-of-the-Year and Columbus Touchdown Club National Offensive Player-of-the-Year in 1993. While at Newman he began wearing the number 18 in honor of his older brother Cooper, younger brother Eli also wore the number when he became starting quarterback. Newman has since retired the number 18 jersey and it can be hanging in the school gym. Manning chose to play football for the University of Tennessee Volunteers. Some were surprised that he did not pick the Ole Miss Rebels and he became Tennessees all-time leading passer with 11,201 yards and 89 touchdowns and won 39 of 45 games as a starter, breaking the Southeastern Conference record for career wins. As a freshman, Manning began the season as the third-string quarterback, in the season opener against UCLA, Manning was one of three quarterbacks to come off the bench after starter Jerry Colquitt suffered a season-ending injury on the seventh play of the game. However, Manning was not able to generate any offense and was pulled from the game, during the seasons fourth game, against Mississippi State, starter Todd Helton got injured and Manning took over. The Vols lost 24–21, but Manning was named the teams starter, in his first start, the following week against Washington State, the Vols won 10–9. They won all but one of their games, finishing the season 8–4 with a 45–23 victory over Virginia Tech in the 1994 Gator Bowl. Manning and the Vols started off the 1995 season with victories over East Carolina and Georgia, against Florida, he threw for 326 yards and 2 touchdowns, leading the Vols to a 30–21 halftime lead
35.
Super Bowl XLVII
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The Ravens defeated the 49ers by the score of 34–31, handing the 49ers their first Super Bowl loss in franchise history. The game was played on February 3,2013, at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans and this was the tenth Super Bowl to be played in New Orleans, equaling Miamis record of ten in an individual city. In addition, Super Bowl XLVII was the first to two teams that had undefeated records in previous Super Bowl games. The Ravens, who posted a 10–6 regular-season record, made their second Super Bowl appearance in 12 years, Baltimore built a 28–6 lead early in the third quarter before a partial power outage in the Superdome suspended play for 34 minutes. After play resumed, San Francisco scored 17 unanswered third-quarter points to cut the Ravens lead to 28–23, with the Ravens leading late in the game, 34–29, the 49ers advanced to the Baltimore 7-yard line just before the two-minute warning but turned the ball over on downs. The Ravens then took a safety in the waning moments of the game to preserve the victory. CBS broadcast the game in the U. S. and charged an average of $4 million for a 30-second commercial during the game, the highest rate for any Super Bowl. According to Nielsen, Super Bowl XLVII was viewed by an average of 108.69 million people in the United States. Beyoncé performed in the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, which featured a reunion with her fellow members from Destinys Child, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. Currently, this phenomenon can only be repeated if either the Ravens or the New York Jets play against either the Tampa Bay Buccaneers or the New Orleans Saints in a subsequent Super Bowl. Baltimores victory made them the only current NFL franchise to have appeared in at least two Super Bowls without ever losing any of their appearances. This was the time that the city has hosted the Super Bowl, by far the most by an individual city. New Orleans artist Ally Burguieres was selected to design the official medallion for Super Bowl XLVII, because of the February 3 date of Super Bowl XLVII, the 2013 Mardi Gras calendar in Orleans Parish was changed. Parades scheduled for February 3 and before were moved one week. The same situation occurred in 2002 when the 9/11 attacks caused a delay in the 2001 NFL season. This was the 49ers second Super Bowl played at the Superdome—the first being Super Bowl XXIV when they beat the Denver Broncos 55–10, the 49ers, Broncos and New England Patriots are the only teams so far to play two or more Super Bowls at the Superdome. The 49ers also joined the Broncos and the Colts in playing two Super Bowls at two different stadiums, the 49ers won Super Bowls XXIII and XXIX in Miami at what is now known as Hard Rock Stadium. Due to an outage affecting half the stadium during the third quarter
36.
2012 Baltimore Ravens season
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The 2012 Baltimore Ravens season was the teams 17th season in the National Football League. They won their second Super Bowl victory, 34–31 against the 49ers and it was the first time in franchise history that the Ravens won consecutive division titles. This marks head coach John Harbaughs fifth season as the coach of the franchise. The Ravens played their games at M&T Bank Stadium. The Ravens dedicated their season to former owner and founder Art Modell, on Week 1, all team members wore an Art decal on their helmets, and for the rest of their season, they wore an Art patch on the left side of their jerseys. Following three dramatic postseason matchups including a thrilling 38–35 double OT victory against the top-seeded Denver Broncos, notes ^ The team traded its first-round selection to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for the #35 overall selection in the second round, as well as the Vikings fourth-round selection. ^ The team traded up from its original selection to the #84 overall selection. ^ The team traded its original selection to the Buffalo Bills in exchange for wide receiver Lee Evans. Source at the Wayback Machine Note, Intra-division opponents are in bold text, the Ravens started their season at home against the Bengals. They jumped out to a 3–0 lead in the first quarter with Justin Tuckers 46-yard field goal and this was followed up by Ray Rices 7-yard run to make the score 10–0. The Bengals got on the board in the 2nd quarter with Mike Nugents 34-yard field goal to shorten the lead to 10–3, however, the Ravens were able to pull away as Joe Flacco found Anquan Boldin on a 34-yard touchdown pass to move ahead 17–3. The Bengals responded coming within 7 when Benjarvus Green-Ellis ran for a 6-yard touchdown making the score 17–10 at halftime, in the 3rd quarter, the Bengals were able to get within 4 points with Nugent kicking a 19-yard field goal shortening the Ravens lead to 4 17–13. This was followed by an Ed Reed interception that was returned 34 yards for a moving the team ahead 34–13. In the 4th quarter, the Ravens scored again off of Rices 1-yard run for a 41–13 lead, Ed Reed returned an interception for a 34-yard touchdown, making Reed the all-time leader in career interception return yards with 1,497. The previous record of 1,483 yards was held by Rod Woodson, Baltimore took the lead in the second quarter and held it for most of the game, but with 1,57 remaining in the fourth quarter Michael Vick ran for a one-yard touchdown. With the surprising loss, the Ravens fell to 1–1 and this game was played in the shadow of the death of WR Torrey Smiths brother, who had died in a motorcycle crash the night before. The Ravens entered the game hoping to be able to avenge the AFC Championship loss of the previous season, new England started off fast as they drew to a 13–0 lead in the first quarter. However Baltimore scored 2 straight touchdowns to take the lead with 1,47 left to go in the half, then Brady scored a touchdown right at the end of the half to retake the lead 20–14
37.
New England Patriots
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The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues American Football Conference East division. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium, an original member of the American Football League, the Patriots joined the NFL in the 1970 merger of the two leagues. The team changed its name from the original Boston Patriots after relocating to Foxborough in 1971, the Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium from 1971 to 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season. The Patriots rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL. The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl nine times in franchise history, the Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 14 AFC East titles in 16 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached and won by a head coach–quarterback tandem, the Patriots are tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five. The Steelers are in front with six, however, the Patriots are the only team to win five Super Bowls with the same coach and quarterback. On November 16,1959, Boston business executive Billy Sullivan was awarded the eighth, the following winter, locals were allowed to submit ideas for the Boston football teams official name. The most popular choice – and the one that Sullivan selected – was the Boston Patriots, immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell of The Boston Globe developed the Pat Patriot logo. The Patriots struggled for most of their years in the AFL, nickerson Field, Harvard Stadium, Fenway Park, and Alumni Stadium all served as home fields during their time in the American Football League. They played in only one AFL championship game, following the 1963 season and they did not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years. When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970, the Patriots were placed in the American Football Conference East division, the following year, the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, which would serve as their home for the next 30 years. As a result of the move, they announced they would change their name from the Boston Patriots to the Bay State Patriots, the name was rejected by the NFL and on March 22,1971, the team officially announced they would change its geographic name to New England. During the 1970s, the Patriots had some success, earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976—as a wild card team—and in 1978—as AFC East champions and they lost in the first round both times. In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, following their Super Bowl loss, they returned to the playoffs in 1986, but lost in the first round. The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years, during the 1990 season, the Patriots went 1–15. They changed ownership three times in the ensuing 14 years, being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988, who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992
38.
2014 Cincinnati Bengals season
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The 2014 Cincinnati Bengals season was the franchises 45th season in the National Football League, the 47th overall and the twelfth under head coach Marvin Lewis. Draft trades The Bengals traded their original fourth- and sixth-round selections to the Seattle Seahawks in exchange for the Seahawks fourth-round selection, note, Intra-division opponents are in bold text. Andy Dalton would throw a 77 yard touchdown pass to AJ Green with 4,58 remaining to give the Bengals the win, with the win, the Bengals started 1-0. They also won at Baltimore for the first time since 2009, the Bengals defense would have themselves a day, intercepting Falcons quarterback Matt Ryan 3 times in the win. With the win, the Bengals started 2-0 for the first time since 2006, with the win, the Bengals started 3-0 for the first time since 2006. It is also their 3rd 3-0 start under Marvin Lewis, with the terrible loss, the Bengals fell to 3-1. With the tie, the Bengals were sent to a 3-1-1 record and were given their first tie game since 2008, with the loss, the Bengals fell to 3-2-1. They were also out for the first time since 2009. With the win, the Bengals improved to 4-2-1, and swept the Ravens for the first time since 2009, with their 4th straight win over the Jaguars, the Bengals went to 5-2-1. Andy Dalton would post a rating of 2.0 in this game. With the horrible loss, the Bengals fell to 5-3-1, with the win, the Bengals went to 6-3-1. With the win, the Bengals went to 7-3-1, with the win, the Bengals went to 8-3-1. They also won 3 consecutive road games for the first time in franchise history and they also defeated the Bucs for the first time since 1989. The Bengals would surrender 25 points in the 4th quarter in this loss, with the loss, the Bengals fell to 8-4-1. Johnny Manziel made his first career NFL start in this game, with the shutout win, the Bengals went to 9-4-1. They also posted their first shutout win since 2008, the Bengals defense would intercept Peyton Manning 4 times in the game, including 2 by Dre Kirkpatrick in the 4th quarter. With the win, the Bengals improved to 10-4-1 and they also defeated Peyton Manning for the first time. With the loss, the Bengals ended their season at 10-5-1 and they would also finish in 2nd place by virtue of not only the Steelers sweep, but also being 1 game behind
39.
2014 Denver Broncos season
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The 2014 Denver Broncos season was the franchises 45th season in the National Football League and the 55th overall. It also marked the season with Peyton Manning as the teams starting quarterback as well as the fourth under head coach John Fox. The Broncos entered the 2014 season as the defending AFC champions, hoping to compete for another Super Bowl run, the offseason was dominated by numerous roster changes, including the retirement of longtime cornerback Champ Bailey. One day before the start of the training camp, the Broncos announced that owner Pat Bowlen relinquished control of the team due to his battle with Alzheimers disease. Manning threw a total of 40 touchdown passes, but only four came in the last four games of the regular season and the playoffs. The Broncos clinched their fourth consecutive AFC West division title, a bye and the AFCs No.2 seed. March 11, James Cregg was hired as the offensive line assistant coach. The team also announced that offensive line consultant Alex Gibbs will not return to the team, July 21, The Broncos announced that Adam Peters will replace Lenny McGill as the teams assistant director of college scouting. McGill will now serve as a southwest area scout, additionally, John Spytek, the teams director of college scouting, will become a national scout. On July 23, one day before the start of the Broncos training camp, ellis and Elway assumed full control of the team, though Bowlens long-term plan is for one of his seven children to run the team in the future, preventing a sale of the team. However, McManus was waived on November 25 due to his inconsistency, McManus was later re-signed to the Broncos practice squad on December 4 due to concerns regarding Barths kickoff lengths. Two days later, McManus was promoted to the active roster, the Broncos traded their fourth-round selection and their original seventh-round selection to the Chicago Bears in exchange for the Bears 2014 fifth-round selection and a 2015 fifth-round selection. All undrafted free agents were signed after the 2014 NFL draft concluded on May 10, on August 23, placekicker Matt Prater was suspended for the first four games of the season for violating the leagues substance-abuse policy. Prater had been charged with driving on two previous occasions — January 2008 in Orlando, Florida, and August 2011 in Denver. The NFL initially threatened a one-year suspension, but with the aid of Praters attorney, Harvey Steinberg, the trade was contingent upon McManus remaining on the Broncos active roster after the end of Praters suspension. On October 3, the Broncos decided to stick with McManus, on October 7, Prater signed with the Detroit Lions. Welker denied reports that he took MDMA that had been laced with amphetamines, however, on September 17, after missing the first two games of the season, Welkers suspension was overturned after the NFL and the NFL Players Association came to an agreement on a new drug policy. Under the revised policy, Welkers violation places him on a period for first-time violators
40.
AFC Championship Game
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The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League, the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the American Football Conference, the winner then advances to face the winner of the National Football Conference Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League, with the merged league realigning into two conferences. Since 1984, each winner of the AFC Championship Game has also received the Lamar Hunt Trophy, named after the founder of the AFL and longtime leader of the Kansas City Chiefs, Lamar Hunt. The first AFC Championship Game was played following the 1970 regular season after the merger between the NFL and the American Football League. The game is considered the successor to the former AFL Championship, every AFC team except the Houston Texans has played in an AFC Championship Game at least once. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most appearances in the AFC Championship Game at 16, with 11 of those games being in Pittsburgh, at the end of each regular season, a series of playoff games involving the top six teams in the AFC are conducted. In the current NFL playoff structure, this consists of the four division champions, the two teams remaining following the Wild Card round and the divisional round play in the AFC Championship game. Initially, the site of the game was determined on a rotating basis, since the 1975–76 season, the site of the AFC Championship has been based on playoff seeding based on the regular season won-loss record, with the highest surviving seed hosting the game. A wild card team can only host the game if both participants are wild cards, in case the fifth seed would host the sixth seed. Such an instance has never occurred in the NFL, beginning with 1984–85 season, the winner of the AFC Championship Game has received the Lamar Hunt Trophy, named after the founder of the AFL. The original design consisted of a base with a sculpted AFC logo in the front. Numbers in parentheses in the table are AFC Championships, bold indicates team won Super Bowl that year. ^ b, The Seahawks were members of the NFC in 1976 and then members of the AFC from 1977 to 2001, including their appearances in the NFC Championship Game, they hold a combined 3–1 record between both Conference Championship Games. ^ c, The Buccaneers were members of the AFC in 1976 before moving to the NFC in 1977, ^ e, Includes appearances as the Baltimore Colts, where they went 1–1 in AFC Championship Games. Since moving to Indianapolis in 1984, the Colts are 2–3 in AFC Championship Games ^ f, Includes appearances as the Houston Oilers, since moving to Tennessee in 1997, they are 1–1 in AFC Championship Games. Los Angeles Raiders Largest margin of victory –48 points**, January 20,1991 – Buffalo Bills vs
41.
Super Bowl XLIX
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Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, the game was played on February 1,2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the time the stadium has hosted a Super Bowl. With the loss, Seahawks joined the 1978 Dallas Cowboys,1983 Washington Redskins, after finishing the previous season by defeating the Denver Broncos, 43–8, in Super Bowl XLVIII, Seattle completed the 2014 regular season with a 12–4 record. The Patriots, who posted a 12–4 record, joined the Dallas Cowboys. For the second season, but only the third time in the prior 21 seasons. Seattle became the first team to appear in consecutive Super Bowls since New England won two straight, after the teams were tied 14–14 at halftime, the Seahawks built a 10-point lead to end the third quarter. The Patriots, however, rallied to take a 28–24 lead with two minutes left in the game. Seattle threatened to score in the moments, driving the ball to New Englands 1-yard line. Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named the games Most Valuable Player after a Super Bowl-record 37 completions on 50 attempts for 328 yards, four touchdowns, then-NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue further announced on March 5,2006, that Kansas City would host Super Bowl XLIX. However, the game was contingent on the passage of two sales taxes in Jackson County, Missouri, on April 4,2006. The first tax to fund improvements to Arrowhead and neighboring Kauffman stadiums passed with 53 percent approval, however, the second tax that would have allowed the construction of a rolling roof between the two stadiums was narrowly defeated, with 48 percent approval. Arizona had declined to bid for Super Bowl XLVIII, citing the economy, NFL spokesman Greg Aiello confirmed in April 2011 that Tampa and Arizona were selected as finalists. The league then announced on October 11,2011, that University of Phoenix Stadium will host Super Bowl XLIX. The New England Patriots had a start to their 2014 season, starting the season with a 2–2 record. By this point, the Patriots faced heavy criticism in the media, former Patriots safety and teammate Rodney Harrison declared Brady looked scared to death in the pocket and doesnt have any confidence in his offensive line. They finished fourth in the NFL in scoring and eighth in points allowed, the Patriots defeated the Baltimore Ravens 35–31 in the AFC Divisional playoffs, and then defeated the Indianapolis Colts 45–7 in the AFC Championship Game. Brady had another season in his 14th year as the teams starter, earning his 10th Pro Bowl selection with 4,109 passing yards and 33 touchdowns
42.
2014 New England Patriots season
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The 2014 New England Patriots season was the franchises 45th season in the National Football league, the 55th overall and the 15th under head coach Bill Belichick. The Patriots finished 12–4 for the third year, winning their sixth straight AFC East title, as well as the top-overall seed. They finished fourth in the NFL in scoring and eighth in points allowed, the Patriots defeated the Baltimore Ravens 35–31 in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, advancing to their fourth straight AFC Championship game. There, they defeated the Indianapolis Colts 45–7 to advance to their 8th Super Bowl, on February 1,2015, the Patriots played the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX. After tying the game 14–14 at halftime and falling behind ten points in the third quarter, the win secured their fourth championship in franchise history. The Patriots traded their selection to the Philadelphia Eagles in exchange for the Eagles sixth-round selection. Note, Intra-division opponents are in bold text, the Patriots traveled to Miami to face their division rival Miami Dolphins in the 2014 season opener. The Patriots featured several key additions, Brandon LaFell, Darrelle Revis, after a Patriots three-and-out Chris McCain blocked the punt by Ryan Allen with Jason Trusnik recovering at the Patriots 15. Four plays later, Ryan Tannehill hit Lamar Miller for a 4-yard touchdown pass, the Patriots responded, marching 80 yards in 13 plays, not facing a single third-down, culminating with Shane Vereen scoring on a 2-yard touchdown run. On the third play of the Dolphins next drive, Mike Wallace was stripped by Jamie Collins with Jerod Mayo recovering at the Dolphins 35, the Patriots gained only six yards, but Stephen Gostkowski gave the Patriots the lead with a 47-yard field goal. Jarvis Landry returned the ensuing kickoff 29 yards to the Dolphins 26, the Dolphins drove to the Patriots 37, but turned the ball over again when Alfonzo Dennard intercepted Tannehill at the Patriots 6-yard line. After reaching their own 47, the Dolphins turnover woes continued with Logan Ryan stripping Miller, patrick Chung returned the ensuing kickoff 30 yards to the Patriots 26. Aided by a 33-yard pass to Edelman, the Patriots reached the Dolphins 27 and Gostkowski connected on a 45-yard field goal, the second half was a different story entirely. The Dolphins marched 66 yards all the way to the Patriots 6-yard line, on the fourth play of the Patriots next drive, Brady was strip-sacked by Cameron Wake with Louis Delmas recovering at the Patriots 34. Four plays later Tannehill hit Mike Wallace for a 14-yard touchdown pass to tie the game midway through the third quarter, following a Patriots three-and-out, Landry returned the punt 16 yards to the Dolphins 47. The Dolphins drove 50 yards to the Patriots 3, but once again the Patriots clamped down and Sturgis booted a 21-yard field goal, regaining the lead for the Dolphins and it only got worse for New England. Early in the quarter, facing a 3rd-and-9 at the Dolphins 44, Brady had his best pocket of the 2nd half, but overthrew an open Edelman. Any hope of a Patriots comeback died when Brady was sacked by Anthony Johnson on 4th-and-10, the Dolphins didnt get a first down, but Sturgis 27-yard field goal, his 4th, was good and the Dolphins led 33-20
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Deflategate
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The controversy resulted in Patriots quarterback Tom Brady being suspended for four games and the team being fined $1 million and losing two draft picks. The matter moved to court, where Judge Richard M. Berman vacated Goodells four-game suspension of Brady. However, following the conclusion of the season, the 2nd U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated Bradys four-game suspension, after losing a request for a rehearing, Brady announced he would accept the suspension. The controversy remained a topic of discussion during the 2016 season, the season also saw the NFL change the process for monitoring football pressure. The official rules of the National Football League require footballs to be inflated to a pressure between 12.5 and 13.5 pounds per square inch or 86 to 93 kPa. The rules do not specify the temperature at which such measurement is to be made, per the pressure-temperature law, there is a positive correlation between the temperature and pressure of a gas with a fixed volume and mass. While footballs deflate naturally in colder temperatures, a deliberately under-inflated football may be easier to grip, throw, prior to 2006, NFL custom was for the home team to provide all of the game footballs. In 2006, the rules were altered so that each uses its own footballs while on offense. Teams rarely handle a football used by the team except after recovering a fumble or interception. The American Football Conference Championship Game for the 2014 season was played on January 18,2015, at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, home of the Patriots, the winning team would advance to play in Super Bowl XLIX. Prior to the game, the Colts had notified the NFL that they suspected the Patriots were underinflating balls, during the first half of the AFC Championship Game, Patriots quarterback Tom Brady threw an interception to Colts linebacker DQwell Jackson. After the play was over, Jackson handed the ball to the Colts equipment manager for safekeeping as a souvenir, early reports suggested that Jackson was the first to suspect the ball was deflated, but Jackson said he did not notice anything wrong with the ball he caught. Jackson says he actually did not even know the ball was taken or that the controversy existed until he was being driven home from the charter plane after the Colts had arrived in Indianapolis. I wouldnt know how that could even be an advantage or a disadvantage, I definitely wouldnt be able to tell if one ball had less pressure than another. At halftime, NFL officials inspected the footballs, according to NFL official Dean Blandino, referees do not log the pressure of the balls prior to the game, or check during the game, and did not do so in this case. Walt Anderson, the referee, gauged the footballs, the Patriots game balls were re-inflated at halftime to meet specifications and were reintroduced into the game. No issues were raised on the pressure of the used in the second half. The pressures of four of the Colts footballs were measured at halftime using two gauges, and were found to be within regulation on one of the two gauges, but not on the other gauge
