1.
Kim B. Clark
–
Kim B. Clark was born on March 20,1949, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He and his family lived in Salt Lake City until 1960, Clark matriculated at Harvard University in 1967 as a pre-med major and left after his freshman year to serve as a missionary for the LDS Church in Germany. Following his mission, Clark enrolled for a time at Brigham Young University, in 1971, he resumed his studies at Harvard, where he received B. A. MA, and Ph. D. degrees in economics. Clark joined the Harvard faculty in 1978 and served as Dean of the HBS from 1995 to 2005, as a professor at the HBS, Clarks research focused on modularity in design and the integration of technology and competition in industry evolution, particularly within the computer industry. He has published articles in the Harvard Business Review and other peer-reviewed academic journals. A few of his papers were co-authored with former HBS associate dean, in 2005, Clark left the HBS when LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley appointed him president of BYU–Idaho, on January 27,2015, it was announced that effective April 13,2015, Clark would be succeeded by Clark Gilbert as the president of BYU–Idaho. Clark has served in assignments in the LDS Church, including bishop, scoutmaster, elders quorum president, Sunday School teacher. From 2007 to 2014, Clark served as a seventy in the churchs Idaho Area. On April 4,2015, Clark was sustained as a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy, on August 1,2015, he succeeded Paul V. Johnson as the Commissioner of Church Education. Clark and his wife, Sue, have seven children, achievements and Challenges, Scouting Media related to Kim B. Clark at Wikimedia Commons
Kim B. Clark
–
Kim B. Clark
2.
Salt Lake City
–
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
Salt Lake City
–
Clockwise from top: The skyline in July 2011,
Utah State Capitol,
TRAX,
Union Pacific Depot, the
Block U, the
City and County Building, and the
Salt Lake Temple.
Salt Lake City
–
Map showing Salt Lake as
Mexican territory in 1838. Source:
Britannica 7th Ed.
Salt Lake City
–
Part of Main Street 1890
Salt Lake City
–
Men lounging outside saloon & Chinese laundry, 1910
3.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
–
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations, according to the church, it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of over 15 million. It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States and it is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening. Adherents, often referred to as Latter-day Saints, or, less formally, Mormons, view faith in Jesus Christ and his atonement as fundamental principles of their religion. The church has a canon which includes four scriptural texts, the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants. The current president is Thomas S. Monson, individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives. The president heads a hierarchical structure with various levels reaching down to local congregations, Bishops, drawn from the laity, lead local congregations. Male members, after reaching age 12, may be ordained to the priesthood, Women do not hold positions within the priesthood, but do occupy leadership roles in some church auxiliary organizations. Both men and women may serve as missionaries, and the church maintains a large missionary program which proselytizes, faithful members adhere to church laws of sexual purity, health, fasting, and Sabbath observance, and contribute ten percent of their income to the church in tithing. The LDS Church was formally organized by Joseph Smith on April 6,1830, Smith intended to establish the New Jerusalem in North America, called Zion. In 1831, the moved to Kirtland, Ohio, and began establishing an outpost in Jackson County, Missouri. However, in 1833, Missouri settlers brutally expelled the Latter Day Saints from Jackson County, the Kirtland era ended in 1838, after a financial scandal rocked the church and caused widespread defections. Smith regrouped with the church in Far West, Missouri. Believing the Saints to be in insurrection, the Missouri governor ordered that the Saints be exterminated or driven from the State, in 1839, the Saints converted a swampland on the banks of the Mississippi River into Nauvoo, Illinois, which became the churchs new headquarters. Nauvoo grew rapidly as missionaries sent to Europe and elsewhere gained new converts who then flooded into Nauvoo, meanwhile, Smith introduced polygamy to his closest associates. He also established ceremonies, which he stated the Lord had revealed to him, to allow people to become gods in the afterlife. He also introduced the church to an accounting of his First Vision. This vision would come to be regarded by the LDS Church as the most important event in history since the resurrection of Jesus
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
–
Church members believe that
Joseph Smith was called to be a modern-day prophet through, among other events, a
visitation from
God the Father and
Jesus Christ.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
–
Brigham Young led the LDS Church from 1844 until his death in 1877.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
–
The
Salt Lake Temple, which took 40 years to build, is one of the most iconic images of the church.
4.
Post-secondary
–
Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Tertiary education at non-degree level is referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, in the days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education, the term higher education was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level. The latter level of education is referred to as graduate school. Higher education is important to national economies, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. However, the admission of so many students of average ability to higher education inevitably requires a decline in academic standards. There is some question as to whether advanced mathematical skills or talent are in fact necessary for such as history, English, philosophy. In contrast, the higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on practical applications. Requirements for admission to such high-level graduate programs is extremely competitive, in the United States, there are large differences in wages and employment associated with different degrees. Medical doctors and lawyers are generally the highest paid workers, and have among the lowest unemployment rates and it may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. Engineering disciplines include, aerospace, biological, civil, chemical, computer, electrical, industrial, examples are painting, sculpture, and drawing, etc. Higher educational institutions in these arts include Film schools and Art schools, Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a broader scientific field
Post-secondary
–
The University of al-Qarawiyyin in
Fes, Morocco is the world's oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding institution of higher learning in the world according to
UNESCO and
Guinness World Records.
Post-secondary
–
University of Bologna, located in
Bologna, Italy, is the oldest institution of higher education in the
Western world.
Post-secondary
–
The
University of Pennsylvania considers itself the first institution to use the term "university" in its name.
Post-secondary
–
The
University of Cambridge is an institution of higher learning in
Cambridge,
United Kingdom.
5.
Ward (LDS Church)
–
In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a ward is the larger of two types of local congregations, the smaller being a branch. A ward is presided over by a bishop, the equivalent of a pastor in many other Christian denominations, as with all local LDS Church leadership, the bishop is considered lay clergy and as such is not paid. Two counselors serve with the bishop to help with administrative and spiritual duties of the ward, together, these three men constitute the bishopric. A branch is presided over by a president who may or may not have one or two counselors, depending on the size of the branch. Groups of wards are organized into stakes, while groups of branches are organized into districts, bishops were assigned duties and responsibility over specific ward boundaries in these cities, and over time individual congregations were defined by these boundaries. After the Mormon Exodus to Utah, this terminology was preserved in the establishment of communities throughout the western United States. Voting districts of several Utah communities still follow the boundaries of their original LDS Church congregations. Due to the connection of this term, traditional Mormon pioneer communities generally do not use the term ward to define voting districts for political purposes. A ward typically consists of 150 to 500 church members in an area within a reasonable time of the meetinghouse. A stake, the next highest level of organization, may be created if there are at least five ward-sized branches in adjacent areas, once the stake has been organized, the ward-sized branches are organized into wards. Within the United States and Canada, a minimum of 300 members is required to create a ward, elsewhere, each ward requires at least 15 active, full-tithe-paying Melchizedek priesthood holders. If there are not sufficient congregations in an area to form a stake, there is no minimum or maximum geographical size for a ward, In areas where there are greater numbers of active church members, several wards can exist in only 1 square mile. When the ward membership grows to a size, the ward will be divided. Generally, if both geographic divisions are in a distance of the meetinghouse, they will meet at the same building. Most meetinghouses are designed to house up to three or four wards, individuals can find out what ward they reside in by either talking to a local LDS leader or by using the meetinghouse locator tool on the churchs webpage. This tool will also determine if there are any singles wards or special language wards that serve the area, Singles wards are set up in areas with high populations of single adults. Young Single Adult wards are intended for single members ages 18 to 30, non-custodial parents may also be members of these wards on a case-by-case basis. These wards provide LDS singles the opportunity to serve in offices of the church, members are taught the same principles of the gospel as a traditional ward, while receiving attention particular to their spiritual needs
Ward (LDS Church)
–
A typical meetinghouse that serves local ward congregations
Ward (LDS Church)
–
A meetinghouse for a branch in West Memphis, AR
Ward (LDS Church)
–
LDS churches use
Steeples instead of
Crosses
6.
First Quorum of Seventy
–
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Latter-day Saints teach that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke 10, multiple individuals holding the office of seventy are referred to collectively as seventies. In practical terms, the office of seventy is one which has varied widely over the course of history. These presidents, chosen from the first quorum, would appoint, as introduced by Joseph Smith, the apostles and the seventy had authority only outside the main body of Latter Day Saints in Zion, and in the outlying stakes. Members in Zion and the stakes were led by the High Council of Zion, historically, the First Quorum of the Seventy came into being in 1835 when seven men were set apart as the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy. In 1837, six of the seven presidents were released because it was discovered that they had previously been ordained high priests, five of these men were ultimately replaced by others. The other two—Levi W. Hancock and Joseph Young—remained members of the First Seven Presidents for the rest of their lives. In the LDS Church, the quorums of the seventy are directed and supervised hierarchically by the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, as a body, the seventy in the LDS Church are considered to be equal in priesthood authority with the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. This presumably means that if the apostles were killed or incapacitated, however, in such circumstances, the seventy would be required to act unanimously. In the LDS Church, members of the First and the Second Quorums of the Seventy are general authorities of the church with responsibilities covering the church as a whole, Members of additional Quorums of the Seventy are called an area seventy. Members of these quorums are ordained to the office of seventy. Area seventies generally have authority only within a unit of the church called an area. By the time Joseph Smith was killed, he had organized four incomplete quorums of seventy. By 1845, there were ten quorums of seventy, the members of the first quorum were thus spread out across the church, making meetings of the first quorum rare. Elders were often ordained to the office of seventy immediately before left on a mission. Quorums were not restricted to geography, so individual quorums were scattered all over the world, in 1883, church president John Taylor localized the quorums of seventy. Each stake was given a quorum of seventy, and seventies in that stake would belong to that quorum. Taylor also prescribed that the president of the first 64 quorums could meet with the seven presidents of the first quorum
First Quorum of Seventy
–
Henry B. Eyring
First Quorum of Seventy
–
Amasa M. Lyman
First Quorum of Seventy
–
Kim B. Clark
First Quorum of Seventy
–
Zera Pulsipher
7.
Mormon Corridor
–
In academic literature, the area is also commonly called the Mormon culture region. It has also referred to as the Book of Mormon belt as a cultural reference to the Bible Belt of the southeastern United States. Beginning in Utah, the corridor extends northward through western Wyoming and it reaches south to San Bernardino, California on the west and through Mesa, Arizona on the east, extending southward to the U. S. -Mexico border. Settlements in Utah, south of the Wasatch Front, stretched from St. George in the southwest to Nephi in the northeast, the corridor is roughly congruent with the area between present-day Interstate 15 and U. S. Route 89. Outside of the Wasatch Front, and Utahs Cache Valley, most of the population of the state resides in this corridor, outside of the Western United States, isolated Mormon settlements were also founded in Western Canada and Mexico. The communities also served as waystations for migration and trade centered on Salt Lake City during the mid- to late 19th century, communities in the generally fertile but relatively dry valleys of the Great Basin, Southeastern Idaho, Nevada and Arizona were dependent on water supplies. Irrigation systems, including wells, dams, canals, headgates, road access to timber in the mountains and pasturage for stock were important, as were carefully tended crops, gardens and orchards. Brigham Young, President of the LDS Church, personally supervised the founding of many outlying communities, exploring parties were sent out to find settlement sites, and to identify sources of appropriate minerals, timber, and water. ”These colonies had four distinct purposes. At times, Young or his agents met incoming wagon trains of Mormon pioneers, after a relatively brief rest in the growing communities of the Salt Lake Valley, the groups would restock needed supplies and materials, gather livestock, and travel on. In addition, new colonizers could be called from the pulpit, Young read the names of men and their families who were called to move to outlying regions. These missions for church members often lasted for years, as the families were to remain in their area until released from the calling or given a new assignment. Colonizers traveled at their own expense and success depended on supplies and personal resourcefulness, as well as uncontrolled variables such as water supplies. The First Transcontinental Railroad was especially significant in reinforcing or altering settlement patterns, after Youngs death in 1877, successive leaders of the LDS Church continued to establish new settlements in outlying areas of the west. The Salt River Valley in western Wyoming, now known as Star Valley, was designated for settlement in August 1878, while Bunkerville and Mesquite, communities were also established in eastern and southeastern Utah and western Colorado, primarily populated by LDS converts from the southern United States. Historians James B. Allen and Glen M. Leonard estimate that at least 120 new LDS based settlements were founded between 1876 and 1879, mounting legislation and prosecution of polygamists within the United States LDS population led to additional expansion. By the end of 1885, however, the Mormon colonists had been denied the opportunity to land within Chihuahua. While the colonists remained on rented land, negotiations between members of the LDS Quorum of Twelve Apostles and Mexican President Porfirio Díaz were successful, for his help towards the LDS settlers, the first Mormon colony in Mexico was named Colonia Díaz. This settlement was followed by two additional communities, In March 1886 Colonia Juarez and Colonia Dublán, with other smaller settlements emerging in future years
Mormon Corridor
–
The Mormon corridor, highlighted in red
8.
Alberta
–
Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
Alberta
–
Welcome to Alberta sign traveling from east to west
Alberta
–
Flag
Alberta
–
Topographic map of Alberta
Alberta
–
Moraine Lake in
Banff National Park
9.
Public school (government funded)
–
State schools generally refer to primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children without charge, funded in whole or in part by taxation. The term may refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State education is inclusive, both in its treatment of students and in that enfranchisement for the government of public education is as broad as for government generally and it is often organized and operated to be a deliberate model of the civil community in which it functions. Although typically provided to groups of students in classrooms in a school, it may be provided in-home, employing visiting teachers. It can also be provided in non-school, non-home settings, such as shopping mall space, State education is generally available to all. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to school up to a certain age. In the case of private schooling, schools operate independently of the state, the funding for state schools, on the other hand, is provided by tax revenues, so that even individuals who do not attend school help to ensure that society is educated. In poverty stricken societies, authorities are often lax on compulsory school attendance because child labour is exploited and it is these same children whose income-securing labor cannot be forfeited to allow for school attendance. The term public education when applied to schools is not synonymous with the term publicly funded education. Government may make a policy decision that it wants to have some financial resources distributed in support of, and it may want to have some control over. Grants-in-aid of private schools and vouchers systems provide examples of publicly funded private education, conversely, a state school may rely heavily on private funding such as high fees or private donations and still be considered state by virtue of governmental ownership and control. In some countries, private associations or churches can operate schools according to their own principles, when these specific requirements are met, especially in the area of the school curriculum, the schools will qualify to receive state funding. Proponents of state education assert it to be necessary because of the need in society for people who are capable of reading, writing. In most industrialized countries, these views are distinctly in the minority, Government schools are free to attend for Australian citizens and permanent residents, whereas independent schools usually charge attendance fees. They can be divided into two categories, open and selective schools, the open schools accept all students from their government-defined catchment areas. Government schools educate approximately 65% of Australian students, with approximately 34% in Catholic, regardless of whether a school is part of the Government or independent systems, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks of their state or territory. The curriculum framework however provides for flexibility in the syllabus. Public or Government funded schools are found throughout Bangladesh and these schools mostly teach students from Year 1 to 10, with examinations for students in years 5,8, and 10
Public school (government funded)
–
Old Scona High School in
Edmonton,
Alberta.
Public school (government funded)
–
La Sorbonne
Public school (government funded)
–
One of the schools in France
Public school (government funded)
–
A school in Germany
10.
Standard works
–
The standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are the four books that currently constitute its open scriptural canon. Under the LDS Churchs doctrine of continuing revelation, Latter-day Saints believe in the principle of revelation from God to his children, individual members are entitled to divine revelation for confirmation of truths, gaining knowledge or wisdom, meeting personal challenges, and so forth. Parents are entitled to revelation for raising their families, members are encouraged to ponder these revelations and pray to determine for themselves the truthfulness of doctrine. The Doctrine and Covenants teaches that all things must be done in order and this applies to adding new scripture. There are several instances of this happening in the LDS Church, April 6,1830, When the church was organized it is presumed that the Bible and Book of Mormon were unanimously accepted as scripture. June 9,1830, First conference of the Church, The Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ, if the Bible and Book of Mormon were not sustained on April 6th then they were by default when the Articles and Covenants were sustained. August 17,1835, Select revelations from Joseph Smith were unanimously accepted as scripture and these were later printed in the Doctrine and Covenants. October 10,1880, The Pearl of Great Price was unanimously accepted as scripture, october 6,1890, Official Declaration 1 was accepted unanimously as scripture. It later began to be published in the Doctrine and Covenants, April 3,1976, Two visions were accepted as scripture and added to the Pearl of Great Price. September 30,1978, Official Declaration 2 was accepted unanimously as scripture and it immediately was added to the Doctrine and Covenants. When a doctrine undergoes this procedure, the LDS Church treats it as the word of God, and it is used as a standard to compare other doctrines. Lee taught, It is not to be thought that every word spoken by the General Authorities is inspired, or that they are moved upon by the Holy Ghost in everything they speak, now you keep that in mind. And if he says something that contradicts what is found in the works, you may know by that same token that it is false. In 2010 this was written into the churchs Handbook, which directs official church policy, a Spanish version, with a similar format and using a slightly revised version of the 1909 Reina-Valera translation, was published in 2009. Latter-day Saints in other non-English speaking areas may use other versions of the Bible, though the Bible is part of the LDS canon and members believe it to be the word of God, they believe that omissions and mistranslations are present in even the earliest known manuscripts. They claim that the errors in the Bible have led to incorrect interpretations of certain passages, thus, as church founder Joseph Smith explained, the church believes the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly. The church teaches that he most reliable way to measure the accuracy of any biblical passage is not by comparing different texts, however, it is still printed in every version of the King James Bible published by the church. Although the Apocrypha was part of the 1611 edition of the KJV, Joseph Smith taught that while the contemporary edition of the Apocrypha was not to be relied on for doctrine, it was potentially useful when read with a spirit of discernment
Standard works
–
Quadruple Combination format of the Standard Works
Standard works
–
Quadruple combination opened to the
Book of Isaiah (note the cross references between Biblical and Latter-day Saint scripture in the footnotes).
Standard works
–
Cover page of The Book of Mormon from an original 1830 edition, by
Joseph Smith (Image from the U.S. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division.)
11.
Old Testament
–
Its counterpart is the New Testament, the second part of the Christian Bible. The books that comprise the Old Testament canon differ between Christian Churches as well as their order and names. The most common Protestant canon comprises 39 books, the Catholic canon comprises 46 books, the 39 books in common to all the Christian canons corresponds to 24 books of the Tanakh, with some differences of order, and there are some differences in text. The additional number reflects the split of texts in the Christian Bibles into separate books, for example, Kings, Samuel and Chronicles, Ezra–Nehemiah, the books which are part of a Christian Old Testament but which are not part of the Hebrew canon are sometimes described as deuterocanonical. In general, Protestant bibles do not include books in its canon. The Old Testament consists of translations of many books by various authors produced over a period of centuries. The canon formed in stages, first the Pentateuch by around 400 BC, then the Prophets during the Hasmonean dynasty, and finally the remaining books. The Old Testament contains 39 or 46 or more books, divided, very broadly, into the Pentateuch, the books, the wisdom books. For the Orthodox canon, Septuagint titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions, for the Catholic canon, the Douaic titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions. Likewise, the King James Version references some of these books by the spelling when referring to them in the New Testament. The Talmud in Bava Batra 14b gives a different order for the books in Neviim and Ketuvim and this order is also cited in Mishneh Torah Hilchot Sefer Torah 7,15. The order of the books of the Torah is universal through all denominations of Judaism and they are present in a few historic Protestant versions, the German Luther Bible included such books, as did the English 1611 King James Version. Empty table cells indicate that a book is absent from that canon, several of the books in the Eastern Orthodox canon are also found in the appendix to the Latin Vulgate, formerly the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church. The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings follow, there is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. The two Books of Chronicles cover much the material as the Pentateuch and Deuteronomistic history and probably date from the 4th century BC. Chronicles, and Ezra–Nehemiah, were finished during the 3rd century BC. Catholic and Orthodox Old Testaments contain two to four Books of Maccabees, written in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC and these history books make up around half the total content of the Old Testament. God is consistently depicted as the one who created or put into order the world, the Old Testament stresses the special relationship between God and his chosen people, Israel, but includes instructions for proselytes as well
Old Testament
–
Jesus
12.
New Testament
–
The New Testament is the second major part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity, Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world and it reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Both extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are also incorporated into the various Christian liturgies, the New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music. In almost all Christian traditions today, the New Testament consists of 27 books, John A. T. Robinson, Dan Wallace, and William F. Albright dated all the books of the New Testament before 70 AD. Others give a date of 80 AD, or at 96 AD. Over time, some disputed books, such as the Book of Revelation, other works earlier held to be Scripture, such as 1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, and the Diatessaron, were excluded from the New Testament. However, the canon of the New Testament, at least since Late Antiquity, has been almost universally recognized within Christianity. The term new testament, or new covenant first occurs in Jeremiah 31,31, the same Greek phrase for new covenant is found elsewhere in the New Testament. Modern English, like Latin, distinguishes testament and covenant as alternative translations, John Wycliffes 1395 version is a translation of the Latin Vulgate and so follows different terms in Jeremiah and Hebrews, Lo. Days shall come, saith the Lord, and I shall make a new covenant with the house of Israel, for he reproving him saith, Lo. Days come, saith the Lord, when I shall establish a new testament on the house of Israel, use of the term New Testament to describe a collection of first and second-century Christian Greek Scriptures can be traced back to Tertullian. In Against Marcion, written circa 208 AD, he writes of the Divine Word, by the 4th century, the existence—even if not the exact contents—of both an Old and New Testament had been established. Lactantius, a 3rd–4th century Christian author wrote in his early-4th-century Latin Institutiones Divinae and that which preceded the advent and passion of Christ—that is, the law and the prophets—is called the Old, but those things which were written after His resurrection are named the New Testament. The canon of the New Testament is the collection of books that most Christians regard as divinely inspired, several of these writings sought to extend, interpret, and apply apostolic teaching to meet the needs of Christians in a given locality. The book order is the same in the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, the Slavonic, Armenian and Ethiopian traditions have different New Testament book orders. Each of the four gospels in the New Testament narrates the life, death, the word gospel derives from the Old English gōd-spell, meaning good news or glad tidings. The gospel was considered the good news of the coming Kingdom of Messiah, and the redemption through the life and death of Jesus, Gospel is a calque of the Greek word εὐαγγέλιον, euangelion
New Testament
–
Books of the New Testament
New Testament
–
Evangelist Mathäus und der Engel, by
Rembrandt.
New Testament
–
Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, 17th-century painting. Most scholars think Paul actually dictated his letters to a secretary.
New Testament
–
Papyrus Bodmer VIII, at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, showing 1 and 2 Peter.
13.
Book of Mormon
–
It was first published in March 1830 by Joseph Smith as The Book of Mormon, An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi. According to Smiths account and the narrative, the Book of Mormon was originally written in otherwise unknown characters referred to as reformed Egyptian engraved on golden plates. Critics claim that it was fabricated by Smith, drawing on material, the pivotal event of the book is an appearance of Jesus Christ in the Americas shortly after his resurrection. The Book of Mormon is divided into books, titled after the individuals named as primary authors and, in most versions, divided into chapters. It is written in English very similar to the Early Modern English linguistic style of the King James Version of the Bible, as of 2011, more than 150 million copies of the Book of Mormon have been published. The writings were said to describe a people whom God had led from Jerusalem to the Western hemisphere 600 years before Jesus birth. According to the narrative, Moroni was the last prophet among these people and had buried the record, which God had promised to bring forth in the latter days. e. Smiths description of these events recounts that he was allowed to take the plates on September 22,1827, exactly four years from that date, accounts vary of the way in which Smith dictated the Book of Mormon. Smith himself implied that he read the plates directly using spectacles prepared for the purpose of translating, other accounts variously state that he used one or more seer stones placed in a top hat. Both the special spectacles and the stone were at times referred to as the Urim and Thummim. During the translating process itself, Smith sometimes separated himself from his scribe with a blanket between them, additionally, the plates were not always present during the translating process and, when present, they were always covered up. Smiths first published description of the said that the plates had the appearance of gold. They were described by Martin Harris, one of Smiths early scribes, Smith called the engraved writing on the plates reformed Egyptian. A portion of the text on the plates was also sealed according to his account, in addition to Smiths account regarding the plates, eleven others stated that they saw the golden plates and, in some cases, handled them. Their written testimonies are known as the Testimony of Three Witnesses and these statements have been published in most editions of the Book of Mormon. Smith enlisted his neighbor Martin Harris as a scribe during his work on the text. In 1828, Harris, prompted by his wife Lucy Harris, Smith reluctantly acceded to Harriss requests. Lucy Harris is thought to have stolen the first 116 pages, after the loss, Smith recorded that he had lost the ability to translate, and that Moroni had taken back the plates to be returned only after Smith repented
Book of Mormon
–
A page from the original manuscript of the Book of Mormon, covering 1 Nephi 4:38 - 5:14
Book of Mormon
–
A depiction of Joseph Smith dictating the Book of Mormon by peering at a seer stone in a hat.
Book of Mormon
–
Books of the Book of Mormon
14.
Doctrine and Covenants
–
The Doctrine and Covenants is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The doctrine portion of the book, however, has been removed by both the LDS Church and the Community of Christ, controversy has existed between the two largest denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement over some sections added to the 1876 LDS edition, attributed to founder Smith. Whereas the LDS Church believes these sections to have been revelations to Smith, the Doctrine and Covenants was first published in 1835 as a later version of the Book of Commandments, which had been partially printed in 1833. This earlier book contained 65 early revelations to church leaders, including Joseph Smith, before many copies of the book could be printed, the printing press and most of the printed copies were destroyed by a mob in Missouri. On September 24,1834, a committee was appointed by the assembly of the church to organize a new volume containing the most significant revelations. This committee of Presiding Elders, consisting of Smith, Cowdery, Sidney Rigdon, the committee eventually organized the book into two parts, a Doctrine part and a Covenants part. The Doctrine part of the book consisted of a course now called the Lectures on Faith. The lectures were a series of doctrinal courses used in the School of the Prophets which had recently completed in Kirtland. According to the committee, these lectures were included in the compilation in consequence of their embracing the important doctrine of salvation. The Covenants part of the book, labeled Covenants and Commandments of the Lord, to his servants of the church of the Latter Day Saints, each of the 103 revelations was assigned a section number, however, section 66 was mistakenly used twice. Thus, the sections of the work were numbered only to 102. The book was first introduced to the body in a general conference on August 17,1835. Smith and Williams, two of the Presiding Elders on the committee, were absent, but Cowdery and Rigdon were present. At the end of the conference, the church by a unanimous vote agreed to accept the compilation as the doctrine and covenants of their faith and to make arrangements for its printing. In 1835, the book was printed and published under the title Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of the Latter Day Saints, together the LDS Churchs scriptures are referred to as the standard works. In 1844, the church added eight sections not included in the 1835 edition, in the current edition, these added sections are numbered 103,105,112,119,124,127,128, and 135. Previous editions had been divided into verses with the early versifications generally following the structure of the original text. It was with the 1876 edition that the currently used versification was first employed, preside over my priesthood to live plural marriage in order to qualify to hold their church positions
Doctrine and Covenants
–
Title page of the 1921 LDS edition
Doctrine and Covenants
–
Title page of the 1903 reprint of the Book of Commandments.
15.
Gospel
–
A gospel is an account describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Christianity places a value on the four canonical gospels, which it considers to be revelations from God. This position however, requires a view of Biblical inerrancy. The word gospel derives from the Old English gōd-spell, meaning good news or glad tidings, the gospel was considered the good news of the coming Kingdom of Messiah, and of redemption through the life and death and resurrection of Jesus, the central Christian message. The Greek word euangelion is also the source of the terms evangelist, the authors of the four canonical Christian gospels are known as the Four Evangelists. Paul the Apostle used the term εὐαγγέλιον when he reminded the people of the church at Corinth of the gospel I preached to you, the earliest extant use of gospel to denote a particular genre of literature dates to the 2nd century. Justin Martyr in the Apology wrote of. the apostles, in the memoirs composed by them, more generally, gospels compose a genre of early Christian writings. Gospels that did not become canonical also circulated in Early Christianity, many, such as the work known today as Gospel of Thomas, lack the narrative framework typical of a gospel. Scholars hold a wide spectrum of views on the origins and composition of the gospels, for example, the vast majority of material in Mark is also present in either Luke or Matthew or both, suggesting that Mark was a source for Matthew and Luke. He writes that the four gospels were probably all written by the end of the first century. But they did not yet at that time have a consistent narrative, in 170 Tatian sought to find a solution by composing a single narrative out of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, with some additional oral material. Richies concludes that the gospel passages themselves can be unclear, and some of the messages within are straightforwardly ambiguous, the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are considered synoptic gospels on the basis of many similarities between them that are not shared by the Gospel of John. Synoptic means here that they can be seen or read together, the fourth gospel, the Gospel of John, presents a very different picture of Jesus and his ministry from the synoptics. Of the many gospels written in antiquity, only four came to be accepted as part of the New Testament. An insistence upon there being a canon of four gospels, and no others, was a theme of Irenaeus of Lyons. Irenaeus was ultimately successful in declaring that the four gospels collectively and he also supported reading each gospel in light of the others. This canon, which corresponds to the modern Catholic canon, was used in the Vulgate, Gospel of Matthew Gospel of John Gospel of Luke Gospel of Mark This order is found in the following manuscripts, Bezae, Monacensis, Washingtonianus, Tischendorfianus IV, Uncial 0234. Although there is no set order of the four gospels in patristic lists or discussions, moody Smith suggests that the standard order of Matthew-Mark-Luke-John projects a kind of intention that can scarcely be ignored
Gospel
–
The first page of the
Gospel of Mark in
Armenian, by
Sargis Pitsak, 14th century.
Gospel
16.
Institute of Religion
–
Institutes of Religion are local organizations that provide religious education for young adults who are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Local institutes may function in church meetinghouses, but may also have a building situated adjacent to colleges or universities. The LDS Church describes the purpose of the Institute program as religious instruction for single. In addition to offering classes, Institutes often sponsor activities, such as dances, young adult church members are encouraged, although not required, to be enrolled in an Institute class whenever possible. In areas with a large LDS population, there are often special-needs Institutes that serve adults who have mental or physical handicaps and these Institutes adapt their curricula to meet individual student needs. Among the standard Institute course offerings are classes on the Book of Mormon, Old Testament, New Testament, the Doctrine and Covenants, Institute classes are offered on campus at LDS higher education institutions, such as BYU. However, BYU students are required to take classes offered by the university. Students can transfer Institute course credit to BYU for a nominal charge, the first Institute of Religion was established in 1926 in Moscow, Idaho, adjacent to the University of Idaho. Its first director was J. Wyley Sessions, the largest enrollment outside of Utah is at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. There are currently 350,000 students in over 2,500 locations, each institute has an Institute Director who is hired by Seminaries and Institutes of Religion. An Institute Council consists of students appointed by the bishop or branch president. The Institute Council is a non-paid, voluntary position, Institute directors often cover large areas. These were each held on campus under the sponsorship of the LDS Student Association, by the early 1990s, it was realized that young adults, especially young single adults, who did not attend college or were not currently in college could benefit from Institute. This included the fact that schools had few LDS students attending them. In 1992, the church launched the expanded institute program, with the goal of having virtually every stake offer at least one institute class and these new institute classes were generally taught by volunteer instructors under the same lines of supervision as seminary teachers. The rule for attending institute was either being a single adult or being a student. All single members of the LDS Church under the age of 31 were encouraged to attend institute where possible and this center focused on four aspects, including institute courses. LDS Student Association Florence, Giles H. Jr, by Study and by Faith, Ensign,36 Official Institutes website
Institute of Religion
–
Institute of Religion at
California State University, Long Beach.
17.
Post-secondary education
–
Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Tertiary education at non-degree level is referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, in the days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education, the term higher education was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level. The latter level of education is referred to as graduate school. Higher education is important to national economies, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. However, the admission of so many students of average ability to higher education inevitably requires a decline in academic standards. There is some question as to whether advanced mathematical skills or talent are in fact necessary for such as history, English, philosophy. In contrast, the higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on practical applications. Requirements for admission to such high-level graduate programs is extremely competitive, in the United States, there are large differences in wages and employment associated with different degrees. Medical doctors and lawyers are generally the highest paid workers, and have among the lowest unemployment rates and it may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. Engineering disciplines include, aerospace, biological, civil, chemical, computer, electrical, industrial, examples are painting, sculpture, and drawing, etc. Higher educational institutions in these arts include Film schools and Art schools, Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a broader scientific field
Post-secondary education
–
The University of al-Qarawiyyin in
Fes, Morocco is the world's oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding institution of higher learning in the world according to
UNESCO and
Guinness World Records.
Post-secondary education
–
University of Bologna, located in
Bologna, Italy, is the oldest institution of higher education in the
Western world.
Post-secondary education
–
The
University of Pennsylvania considers itself the first institution to use the term "university" in its name.
Post-secondary education
–
The
University of Cambridge is an institution of higher learning in
Cambridge,
United Kingdom.
18.
Institute of religion
–
Institutes of Religion are local organizations that provide religious education for young adults who are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Local institutes may function in church meetinghouses, but may also have a building situated adjacent to colleges or universities. The LDS Church describes the purpose of the Institute program as religious instruction for single. In addition to offering classes, Institutes often sponsor activities, such as dances, young adult church members are encouraged, although not required, to be enrolled in an Institute class whenever possible. In areas with a large LDS population, there are often special-needs Institutes that serve adults who have mental or physical handicaps and these Institutes adapt their curricula to meet individual student needs. Among the standard Institute course offerings are classes on the Book of Mormon, Old Testament, New Testament, the Doctrine and Covenants, Institute classes are offered on campus at LDS higher education institutions, such as BYU. However, BYU students are required to take classes offered by the university. Students can transfer Institute course credit to BYU for a nominal charge, the first Institute of Religion was established in 1926 in Moscow, Idaho, adjacent to the University of Idaho. Its first director was J. Wyley Sessions, the largest enrollment outside of Utah is at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. There are currently 350,000 students in over 2,500 locations, each institute has an Institute Director who is hired by Seminaries and Institutes of Religion. An Institute Council consists of students appointed by the bishop or branch president. The Institute Council is a non-paid, voluntary position, Institute directors often cover large areas. These were each held on campus under the sponsorship of the LDS Student Association, by the early 1990s, it was realized that young adults, especially young single adults, who did not attend college or were not currently in college could benefit from Institute. This included the fact that schools had few LDS students attending them. In 1992, the church launched the expanded institute program, with the goal of having virtually every stake offer at least one institute class and these new institute classes were generally taught by volunteer instructors under the same lines of supervision as seminary teachers. The rule for attending institute was either being a single adult or being a student. All single members of the LDS Church under the age of 31 were encouraged to attend institute where possible and this center focused on four aspects, including institute courses. LDS Student Association Florence, Giles H. Jr, by Study and by Faith, Ensign,36 Official Institutes website
Institute of religion
–
Institute of Religion at
California State University, Long Beach.
19.
Higher education
–
Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Tertiary education at non-degree level is referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, in the days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education, the term higher education was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level. The latter level of education is referred to as graduate school. Higher education is important to national economies, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. However, the admission of so many students of average ability to higher education inevitably requires a decline in academic standards. There is some question as to whether advanced mathematical skills or talent are in fact necessary for such as history, English, philosophy. In contrast, the higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on practical applications. Requirements for admission to such high-level graduate programs is extremely competitive, in the United States, there are large differences in wages and employment associated with different degrees. Medical doctors and lawyers are generally the highest paid workers, and have among the lowest unemployment rates and it may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. Engineering disciplines include, aerospace, biological, civil, chemical, computer, electrical, industrial, examples are painting, sculpture, and drawing, etc. Higher educational institutions in these arts include Film schools and Art schools, Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a broader scientific field
Higher education
–
The University of al-Qarawiyyin in
Fes, Morocco is the world's oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding institution of higher learning in the world according to
UNESCO and
Guinness World Records.
Higher education
–
University of Bologna, located in
Bologna, Italy, is the oldest institution of higher education in the
Western world.
Higher education
–
The
University of Pennsylvania considers itself the first institution to use the term "university" in its name.
Higher education
–
The
University of Cambridge is an institution of higher learning in
Cambridge,
United Kingdom.
20.
Idaho Panhandle
–
Residents of the Panhandle refer to the region as North Idaho, though the southern part of the region is sometimes referred to as North Central Idaho. The Panhandle is bordered by the state of Washington to the west, Montana to the east, the Idaho panhandle is part of the Inland Northwest, although Idaho County is not always included. Coeur dAlene is the largest city within the Idaho Panhandle, Spokane, Washington is around 30 miles west of Coeur dAlene, and is also the location of the regional airport, Spokane International Airport. Other important cities in the region include Lewiston, Moscow, Post Falls, Hayden, Sandpoint, east of Coeur dAlene is the Silver Valley, which follows Interstate 90 to the Montana border at Lookout Pass. The region has an area of 21,012.64 square miles, around 25. 4% of the states total land area. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Idaho Panhandle was 317,751, the Idaho Panhandle observes Pacific Time north of the western-flowing Salmon River in the southern part of Idaho County. The rest of the state to the south observes Mountain Time, the Panhandle is isolated from southern Idaho due to distance and the east-west mountain ranges that naturally separate the state. The passage by vehicle was arduous until significant highway improvements were made on U. S. Route 95 in North Central Idaho from 1965 through 1995. The American Automobile Association separates Idaho into two parts, where the Panhandle is part of AAA Washington and the part is part of AAA Oregon/Idaho. North Idaho has a hunting culture. Residents are highly conservative and sometimes lean libertarian, although the Coeur dAlene area has experienced recent growth, southwestern Idaho has grown at a faster pace. North Idaho has not elected a governor since the re-election of Cecil Andrus in 1974, Andrus, an Oregon native, was a resident of Orofino when first elected in 1970. The most recent member of the U. S. Congress from the Panhandle is Compton I, white, Jr. last elected in 1964. The production of seeds and hops for beer production are also significant. Nine microbreweries have brewing operations in the area, making North Idaho highly characteristic of the Pacific Northwest, there are also many cattle ranches for raising beef
Idaho Panhandle
–
Historical population
21.
Moscow, Idaho
–
Moscow is a city in northern Idaho along the state border with Washington, with a population of 23,800 at the 2010 census. It is the city in the Moscow, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city contains over 60% of the population, and while the university is Moscows dominant employer. Along with the rest of northern Idaho, Moscow is in the Pacific Time Zone, major highways serving the city are US-95 and Highway 8, both of which are routed through central Moscow. Limited commercial air service is four miles west at the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport, Main Street runs north-south through Moscow along the 117th meridian west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.85 square miles. Moscow lies on the edge of the Palouse region of north central Idaho in the Columbia River Plateau. East of the city is a valley within the mountains of the Palouse Range to the northeast, the less prominent Paradise Ridge at 3,702 feet and Tomer Butte at 3,474 feet are southeast of the city. There is a variety of flora and fauna within the vicinity of Moscow, an amphibian, the Rough-skinned Newt, has a disjunctive population at Moscow, this species is found typically along the Pacific coast of the USA. The city sits at the boundary between the Palouse grasslands and wheat fields, and the forests of the Rocky Mountains to the east. Miners and farmers began arriving in the northern Idaho area after the Civil War, the first permanent settlers came to the Moscow area 146 years ago in 1871. The abundance of camas bulbs, a favorite fodder of pigs brought by the farmers, when the first US post office opened in 1872, the town was called Paradise Valley, but the name was changed to Moscow in 1875. The precise origin of the name Moscow has been disputed, there is no conclusive proof that it has any connection to the Russian city, though various accounts suggest it was purposely evocative of the Russian city or named by Russian immigrants. Another account claims that the name derives from a Native American tribe named Masco and it was reported by early settlers that five men in the area met to choose a proper name for the town, but could not come to agreement on a name. The postmaster Samuel Neff then completed the papers for the town. Interestingly, Neff was born in Moscow, Pennsylvania and later moved to Moscow, the business district was established by 1875 and the town was a center of commerce for the region. By 1890, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Companys rail line, copy of a letter from Northern Pacific Railway agent in Moscow, likely R. W. Morris, to C. E. Arney, the Northern Pacifics Western Immigration and Indian Agent in Spokane, Washington. Arney wrote all station agents in Idaho on May 12,1922, requesting the origin of the names of their stations for the NPs travel publication Wonderland, edited by Olin D. Wheeler
Moscow, Idaho
–
UI Arboretum with
Palouse in background.
Moscow, Idaho
–
First United Methodist Church (1904), S. Adams at E. 3rd St.
Moscow, Idaho
–
Palouse Hills
Moscow, Idaho
–
Maypole Dancers in East City Park.
22.
University of Idaho
–
The University of Idaho is the U. S. state of Idahos oldest public university, located in the city of Moscow in Latah County in the northern portion of the state. It is the states land-grant and primary research university, the University of Idaho was the states sole university for 71 years, until 1963, and its College of Law, established in 1909, was first accredited by the American Bar Association in 1925. Formed by the legislature on January 30,1889, the university opened its doors in 1892 on October 3. The first graduating class in 1896 contained two men and two women and it presently has an enrollment exceeding 12,000, with over 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university offers 142 degree programs, from accountancy to wildlife resources, including bachelors, masters, doctoral, certificates of completion are offered in 30 areas of study. The school is home to the Idaho Vandals, who compete on the Division I FBS level through the 2017 season. In addition to the campus in Moscow, the UI has branch campuses in Coeur dAlene, Boise, Twin Falls. It also operates a park in Post Falls and dozens of extension offices statewide. The east-facing Administration Building, with its 80-foot clock tower and Collegiate Gothic-style structure, was built from 1907–09 and has become an icon of the university, the building holds classrooms, an auditorium, and administrative offices, including the offices of the President and Provost. Multiple expansions were made, with the wing added in 1912, the south wing in 1916. The UI library was housed in the Admin, Building until 1957, when the Library building was completed. The original Administration Building, with a tall spire reaching to 163 feet, was constructed through the decade of the 1890s. Unfortunately, it was reduced to embers on March 30,1906, the cause of the fire, which began in the basement, was never precisely determined, but was likely accidental. After the fire, there was whether to rebuild from the remains or start from scratch. The original buildings steps were saved and currently climb the hill immediately southeast of the south wing. In the meantime, classes were held at sites in Moscow, the Carnegie library, the Methodist church. Insurance policies paid $135,000, but the new building cost twice that, to appease the state legislature, the UI Regents decided to build Morrill Hall first, use it for classrooms, and finance the new administration building over three years. Building was designed by prominent Boise architect John E. Tourtellotte and he designed the states Roman Revival capitol building in Boise and other buildings, both public and private
University of Idaho
–
The original Administration building (1899) was destroyed by fire in 1906. It was replaced in 1909 by the existing brick
Collegiate Gothic structure.
University of Idaho
–
University of Idaho
University of Idaho
–
Administration Building's north wing (1912)
University of Idaho
–
Hello Walk.
23.
Utah State University
–
Utah State University is a public doctorate-granting university in Logan, Utah, United States. The coeducational, space-grant, land-grant, research university is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, with nearly 18,000 students living on or near campus, USU is the largest public residential campus in Utah. As of Fall 2015, there were 28,622 total students enrolled including 25,259 undergraduate students and 3,363 graduate students of whom 735 were doctoral students. The university has the highest percentage of students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body. Founded in 1888 as Utahs agricultural college, USU focused on agriculture, domestic arts, the university now offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, business, economics, natural resource sciences, as well as nationally ranked elementary & secondary education programs. It offers masters and doctoral programs in humanities, social sciences and it received its current name in 1957. A professor from the university has been named Utahs sole Carnegie Professor of the year 14 of the last 20 years, USU has nine colleges and offers a total of 176 bachelors degrees,97 masters degrees, and 38 doctoral degrees. USUs main campus is located in Logan with regional campuses in Brigham City, Tooele, in 2010, the College of Eastern Utah, located in Price, Utah joined the USU system becoming Utah State University College of Eastern Utah. Throughout Utah, USU operates more than 20 distance education centers, Regional campuses, USU Eastern, and distance education centers provide degrees to more than 40% of the students enrolled. In total, USU has more than 220,000 alumni in all 50 states, USUs athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Utah State Aggies. They are a member of the Mountain West Conference, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act into effect in July of the following year. Meanwhile, after visiting a few agricultural schools in his native Denmark. Now there came the question of location, citizens in Logan, Cache County, banded together and successfully lobbied representatives for the honor. The bill to establish the Agricultural College of Utah was passed on March 8,1888, in its early years, the college narrowly dodged two major campaigns to consolidate its operations with the University of Utah. Much controversy arose in response to President William J. Kerrs expansion of the scope beyond its agricultural roots. Detractors in Salt Lake City feared that such an expansion would come at the expense of the University of Utah, in 1907, an agreement was struck to instead limit the curricula of the Agricultural College strictly to agriculture, domestic science, and mechanic arts. This meant closing all departments in Logan, including the music department. The bulk of the restrictions were lifted during the next two decades, with the exception of law and medicine, which have since remained the sole property of the University of Utah
Utah State University
–
Old Main, the agricultural college's now-iconic first building, now houses administrative offices, the department of Computer Science, and much of the College of HaSS
Utah State University
–
Utah State University
Utah State University
–
The
Old Main from outside the Taggart Student Center
Utah State University
–
The Living Learning Community on-campus housing complex
24.
Logan, Utah
–
Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 48,174, Logan is the county seat of Cache County and the principal city of the Logan, UT-ID Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Cache County and Franklin County, Idaho. The Logan metropolitan area contained 125,442 people as of the 2010 census, in 2005 and 2007, Morgan Quitno declared the Logan metropolitan area the safest in the United States. Logan is the location of the campus of Utah State University. The town of Logan was founded in 1859 by settlers sent by Brigham Young to survey for the site of a fort near the banks of the Logan River and they named their new community Logan for Ephraim Logan, an early fur trapper in the area. Logan was incorporated on 17 January 1866, Brigham Young College was founded here in 1878, and Utah State University – then called the Agricultural College of Utah – was founded in 1888. Logans growth reflects settlement and post-war booms along with other changes incident to conditions in the West, Logan grew to about 20,000 in the mid-1960s, and according to Census estimates, exceeded 50,000 in 2015. Logan is located in northern Utah,47 miles north of Ogden and it is about 82 miles north of Salt Lake City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 18.5 square miles, of which 18.0 square miles is land and 0.58 square miles. The city lies near the edge of Cache Valley on the western slopes of the Bear River Mountains. Mount Logan rises to an elevation of 9,710 feet immediately to the east, the Logan River later cut down through these sedimentary deposits following the draining of Lake Bonneville approximately 14,500 years ago. This created an area with very steep slopes that reach into the rest of town. To the west of Logan lie flatlands that contain both farmland and marshes, to the north and south of Logan are rapidly growing residential suburbs. Logan has a continental climate with very warm though usually dry summers. Precipitation tends to be heaviest in the spring months, similar to other areas in northern Utah, during mid-winter high pressure systems often situate themselves over Cache Valley, leading to strong temperature inversions. These temperature inversions trap cold air and pollutants and allow thick smog to accumulate in the valley about three percent of the time and this can result in the worst air-pollution levels in the U. S. reducing air quality to unhealthy level. Logans city grid originates from its Main and Center Street block, with Main Street running north and south, each block north, east, south, or west of the origin accumulates in additions of 100, though some streets have non-numeric names. This street grid is typical of towns and cities that were founded by Latter-day Saints in the Mormon Corridor
Logan, Utah
–
Downtown Logan, with courthouse
Logan, Utah
–
View over Logan and LDS Temple to the Wellsville Range
Logan, Utah
–
Panorama overlooking Logan north into Idaho
Logan, Utah
–
The Old Main building at
Utah State University
25.
Idaho State University
–
Idaho State University is a Carnegie-classified doctoral research and teaching institution in the western United States, located in Pocatello, Idaho. It is the designated lead institution in health professions and medical education. There are 48 U. S. states and 59 countries represented at ISU and 285 programs, including Masters, the student-teacher ratio is 17,1, gender of students is 44 percent male,56 percent female, and ISU has more than 160 clubs and organizations. Enrollment for the semester in 2012 stood at 14,209. On March 11,1901, Governor Frank W. Hunt signed Senate Bill 53, to establish the Academy of Idaho, theodore F. Turner, mayor of Pocatello, settled the issue of the placement of the academy. The Academy of Idaho was officially opened in Pocatello on May 1,19012, theodore Swanson, a member of the board of trustees, secured the services of John W. Faris as the first administrator, with the title of principal. Classes officially began in September 1902, by 1910, enrollment had reached nearly 300 students, and the academy had purchased four additional city blocks in Pocatello to help meet its growing needs. In 1915, the Academy of Idaho was renamed Idaho Technical Institute, the end of World War I brought an influx of students to the school, and enrollment surged to over 1,000. The early 1920s saw the beginning of competition in intercollegiate athletics, at this time the institute adopted the Bengal as the school mascot, head football coach Ralph Hutchinson was an alumnus of Princeton, a school with orange and black theme colors and a tiger mascot. It was renamed again in 1927, this time as the University of Idaho—Southern Branch, during World War II, Idaho was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which offered students a path to a Navy commission. Nichols decided to leave the college, and named Carl McIntosh and that March, the school was elevated to four-year status and became Idaho State College. Nichols was so impressed with McIntoshs public speaking skills that he persuaded the Board of Regents to appoint McIntosh the first president of the new college. At 32 years of age, he was one of the youngest college presidents in the United States, the college was accredited as a four-year degree granting institution in December 1948. McIntosh left ISC in 1959 to become president of Long Beach State College, in 1963, ISC was renamed for the fifth and final time to Idaho State University, reflecting its new status as a full four-year public university. In the ensuing years, ISU continuously expanded both its enrollment and the programs it offered, however, Bowen resigned after a vote of no confidence from the faculty, who were angered by generous pay raises for administration members in the midst of calls for fiscal austerity. Arthur Vailas, former chancellor of the University of Houston System and vice president of the University of Houston in Texas. He succeeded Michael Gallagher, who had served as president since Bowens retirement in 2005. In February 2011, the ISU faculty voted no confidence in Vailas and this was also followed by a vote of no confidence by the students
Idaho State University
–
Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho.
Idaho State University
–
Idaho State University
26.
Pocatello, Idaho
–
It is the principal city of the Pocatello metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Bannock county. As of the 2010 census the population of Pocatello was 54,255, Pocatello is the fifth largest city in the state, just behind Idaho Falls. In 2007, Pocatello was ranked twentieth on Forbes list of Best Small Places for Business, Pocatello is the home of Idaho State University and the manufacturing facility of ON Semiconductor. The city is at an elevation of 4,462 feet above sea level and is served by the Pocatello Regional Airport. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 32.38 square miles. Pocatello experiences a climate, with winters that are moderately long and cold. As of the census of 2010, there were 54,255 people,20,832 households, the population density was 1,683.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 22,404 housing units at a density of 695.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 90. 5% White,1. 0% African American,1. 7% Native American,1. 6% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,2. 3% from other races, and 2. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 2% of the population,27. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the family size was 3.10. The median age in the city was 30.2 years. 25. 8% of residents were under the age of 18,14. 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 4% were from 25 to 44,21. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 10. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 9% male and 50. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 51,466 people,19,334 households, and 12,973 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,822.5 people per square mile, there were 20,627 housing units at an average density of 730.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 32% White,0. 72% African American,1. 35% Native American,1. 15% Asian,0. 20% Pacific Islander,2. 18% from other races, and 2. 09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 94% of the population, the top 5 ethnic groups in Pocatello are, English – 21%, German – 16%, Irish – 9%, Danish – 4% and Swedish – 4%. 25. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.10
Pocatello, Idaho
–
Historic downtown Pocatello in 2007
Pocatello, Idaho
–
Flag
Pocatello, Idaho
–
Eastern Pocatello in 2009, from Red Hill on the ISU campus
Pocatello, Idaho
–
Pocatello High School
27.
Primary education
–
Primary education or elementary education is typically the first stage of compulsory education, coming between early childhood education and secondary education. Primary education usually takes place in a school or elementary school. In some countries, primary education is followed by school, an educational stage which exists in some countries. In order to achieve the goal by 2015, the United Nations estimated that all children at the entry age for primary school would have had to have been attending classes by 2009. This would depend on the duration of the level, as well as how well the schools retain students until the end of the cycle. As of 2010, the number of new teachers needed in sub-Saharan Africa alone, however, the gender gap for children not in education had also been narrowed. Between 1999 and 2008, the number of not in education worldwide had decreased from 57 percent to 53 percent, however it should also be noted that in some regions. According to the United Nations, there are things in the regions that have already been accomplished. The country doubled its enrollment ratio over the same period, other regions in Latin America such as Guatemala and Nicaragua as well as Zambia in Southern Africa broke through the 90 percent towards greater access to primary education. In Australia, students undertake preschool then 13 years of schooling before moving to vocational or higher education, Primary schooling for most children starts after they turn 5 years old. In most states, children can be enrolled earlier at the discretion of individual school principals on the basis of intellectual giftedness, in Victoria, New South Wales, Northern Territory, ACT and Tasmania students then move through Kindergarten/Preparatory School/Reception and Years 1 to 6 before starting high school. Pre-School/Kindergarten,4 to 5 years old Prep, currently, at the age of 6 children attend from the grade 1 to 4 what is called Ensino Primário, and afterwards from grade 5 to 9 the Ensino Fundamental. At the age of 15 the teenagers go to Ensino Médio, which is equivalent High School in other countries, Primary school is mandatory and consists in nine years called Ensino Fundamental, separated in Ensino Fundamental I and Ensino Fundamental II. Primary school is followed by the three years called Ensino Médio. 1st grade, 15- to 16-year-olds, 2nd grade, 16- to 17-year-olds, 3rd grade, in Canada, primary school usually begins at ages three or four, starting with either Kindergarten or Grade 1 and lasts until age 13 or 14. Many places in Canada have a split between primary and elementary schools, in Nova Scotia elementary school is the most common term. The provincial government of Nova Scotia uses the term Primary instead of Kindergarten, most children are pupils in the Danish Folkeskolen, which has the current grades, Kindergarten, 3–6 years https, //meta. wikimedia. The first three grades of school are called Algkool which can be translated as beginning school and can be confused with primary school
Primary education
–
A large elementary school in
Magome,
Japan
Primary education
–
Children and teacher in a primary school classroom in
Laos
Primary education
–
An elementary school in California, United States
Primary education
–
A poster at the
United Nations Headquarters in
New York City,
New York,
USA, showing the Millennium Development Goals.
28.
Pacific Islands
–
The Pacific Islands is a term broadly referring to the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Depending on the context, it may refer to countries and islands with common Austronesian origins, islands once or currently colonized, in English, the umbrella term Pacific Islands may take on several meanings. Sometimes it refers to only those islands covered by the continent of Oceania, there are many other islands located within the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean that are not considered part of Oceania. This list includes all islands found in the geographic Pacific Ocean, with an area larger than 10,000 square kilometers
Pacific Islands
–
Pacific Islands leaders, all members of the
Pacific Islands Forum, at a meeting in
Samoa with US Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice (center), 26 July 2008
Pacific Islands
–
Three of the major groups of islands in the
Pacific Ocean.
29.
Brigham Young University
–
Brigham Young University is a private research university in Provo, Utah, United States. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, many students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries. An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, BYU offers a variety of academic programs, including liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing, and law. The university is organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges. The universitys primary focus is on education, but it also has 68 masters and 25 doctoral degree programs. BYUs athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the BYU Cougars. Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent, while their other teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYUs sports teams have won a total of fourteen national championships, on October 16,1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally purchased the Lewis Building after previously hinting that a school would be built in Draper, Utah, in 1867. Hence, October 16,1875, is held as BYUs founding date. The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy, warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Youngs choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser. Under Maesers direction the school educated many luminaries including future U. S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland, the school, however, did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluffs term at the helm of the institution. At that time, the school was still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18,1896. A series of odd managerial decisions by Cluff led to his demotion, however, in his last official act, he proposed to the Board that the Academy be named Brigham Young University. The suggestion received an amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasnt large enough to be a university. One opponent to the decision, Anthon H. Lund, later said, in 1903 Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions, Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU and he had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer, under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres of land from Provo called Temple Hill. After some controversy among locals over BYUs purchase of property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus
Brigham Young University
–
Brigham Young, the school's
eponym.
Brigham Young University
–
Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University
–
The Brigham Young Academy building circa 1900
Brigham Young University
–
The Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building
30.
LDS Business College
–
LDS Business College is a two-year college in Salt Lake City, Utah, focused on training students in business and industry. The college is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, LDSBC offers one year certificates and two-year degrees in business administration, interior design, and healthcare. The college also furnishes an Institute of Religion, the Salt Lake Academy was founded in 1886, with high school, normal, business and college courses of study. In 1888, it was renamed the Salt Lake Stake Academy, and a year later it was again renamed, by 1895 was offering a four-year course of study culminating in a Ph. B. degree. Latter-day Saints never became a fully functioning university and was displaced as the preeminent LDS higher learning center by Brigham Young University in the early 20th century, the college was closely linked with Latter-day Saints High School, which counted among the graduates George W. Romney and Gordon B. In 1927, the name of LDS University was changed to LDS College and then to LDS Business College, two of the schools presidents were James E. Talmage and Bryant S. Hinckley. For many years LDSBC was located in a mansion along South Temple, east of the Salt Lake Temple. As part of the LDS Churchs attempts to revitalize downtown Salt Lake City, russell M. Nelson, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, initially took classes at LDSBC but later transferred to the University of Utah to complete his studies. LDS Philanthropies Beesley, K. H. LDS Business College, in D. H. Ludlow, Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Media related to LDS Business College at Wikimedia Commons LDS Business College Church Educational System The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
LDS Business College
–
The Latter-day Saints' University in 1905.
LDS Business College
–
LDS Business College
LDS Business College
–
Current home of the college at the
Triad Center in
Salt Lake City.
LDS Business College
–
LDS Business College façade.
