Cicero
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Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the
First-century AD bust of Cicero at the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Arpino, Italy, birthplace of Cicero
The Young Cicero Reading by Vincenzo Foppa (fresco, 1464), now at the Wallace Collection in London
Cistophorus minted by Cicero in Apamea Cibotus in 51–50 BC, while serving as proconsul of Cilicia.
Optimates and populares
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Optimates and populares are labels applied to politicians, political groups, traditions, strategies, or ideologies in the late Roman Republic. It is debated as to whether Romans would have recognised
Cicero
…Classical Latin: ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, and writer who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises of the Roman Republic that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. The extensive writings of Cicero include…
Denarius of Gaius Minucius Augurinus, 135 BC, depicting a grain distribution. Grain distribution is traditionally held to be one of the recurrent topics of popularis agitation.
Bust of Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Theodor Mommsen, the 19th century German author of the highly influential Römische Geschichte.