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Circassian genocide
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The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the systematic mass killing, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of between 95% and 97% of the Circassian people during the final stages of the Russian
Demographic change in the Western Caucasus following the Circassian genocide. Survivors were primarily those who fled or were expelled, hid in marshes
Demographic change in the Western Caucasus following the Circassian genocide. Survivors were primarily those who fled or were expelled, hid in marshes and caves, or, in rare cases, made successful agreements with the Imperial Russian Army.
Russian military and Circassian representatives meet for discussions, 1855
Russian military and Circassian representatives meet for discussions, 1855
Russian imperial army general Grigory Zass, who became notorious for implementing extremely murderous policies against Circassians during the Russo-Ci
Russian imperial army general Grigory Zass, who became notorious for implementing extremely murderous policies against Circassians during the Russo-Circassian War and the Circassian genocide. In addition to carrying out brutal massacres of Circassian women and children, various cruel practices perpetrated by Zass included collecting skulls and amputated body parts of Circassians.
Destruction of Shapsug and Abzakh villages along the Dagoy River. March 1835.
Destruction of Shapsug and Abzakh villages along the Dagoy River. March 1835.
Grigory Zass
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Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass was an Imperial Russian general who commanded Russian cavalry troops in the Napoleonic Wars and Russo-Circassian War, initially gaining prominence for his genocidal ac
Circassian genocide
…their victims and tore open the bellies of pregnant women to intimidate the Circassians and devastate their morale. Many Russian generals, such as Grigory Zass, described the Circassians as a "lowly race" to justify and glorify their wholesale slaughter and their use as human test subjects in unethical scientific…
Zass's headquarters in the Caucasus, Prochnyi Okop (modern-day Prochnookopskaya)
Zass's headquarters in the Caucasus, Prochnyi Okop (modern-day Prochnookopskaya)