Circassian genocide
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The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the systematic mass killing, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of between 95% and 97% of the Circassian people during the final stages of the Russian
Demographic change in the Western Caucasus following the Circassian genocide. Survivors were primarily those who fled or were expelled, hid in marshes and caves, or, in rare cases, made successful agreements with the Imperial Russian Army.
Russian military and Circassian representatives meet for discussions, 1855
Russian imperial army general Grigory Zass, who became notorious for implementing extremely murderous policies against Circassians during the Russo-Circassian War and the Circassian genocide. In addition to carrying out brutal massacres of Circassian women and children, various cruel practices perpetrated by Zass included collecting skulls and amputated body parts of Circassians.
Destruction of Shapsug and Abzakh villages along the Dagoy River. March 1835.
Circassia
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Circassia, also known as Zichia, was a country and a historical region in Eastern Europe. It spanned the western coastal portions of the North Caucasus, along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea.
Circassian genocide
…the final stages of the Russian invasion of Circassia in the 19th century. It resulted in the deaths of up to 1.5 million people and the destruction of Circassia, which was then annexed by the Russian Empire. Those planned for extermination were mainly the Circassians, who are predominantly Muslims, but other…
Princes of East Circassia
Presidents of the Circassian Confederation
Circassia in 1856
Kabarda (east Circassia) supreme princes