Circus offensive
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Circus was the codename given to operations by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War where bombers, with a mass escort of fighters, were sent over continental Europe to bring Luftwaffe fight
Handley Page Hampden
Operation Ramrod 16
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Ramrod 16 was an attempt by the Royal Air Force to bomb the Koninklijke Hoogovens steelworks at IJmuiden in the Netherlands during the Second World War. After several recent abortive attacks a more el
Circus offensive
…There were other codenames for similar missions. Ramrod: similar to Circus but with destroying a target being the principal aim. An example would be Operation Ramrod 16. Ranger: large fighter formation intrusion over occupied territory with aim of wearing down German fighter force…
An RAF Lockheed Ventura
Captured Fw 190A-3 of JG 2 in Britain, 1942
88 Squadron Boston Mark IIIs in 1942, low over the North Sea
Aircrew of 487 Squadron before the raid, 1943