1.
North West England
North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,052,000 in 2011 and it is the third most populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London. North West England is bounded to the east by the Peak District, the region extends from the Scottish Borders in the north to the West Midlands region in the south. To its southwest is North Wales, amongst the better known of the North Wests physiographical features are the Lake District and the Cheshire Plain. The highest point in North West England is Scafell Pike, Windermere is the largest natural lake in England. Broad Crag Tarn on Broad Crag is Englands highest lake, wast Water is Englands deepest lake, being 74m deep. A mix of rural and urban landscape, two large conurbations, centred on Liverpool and Manchester, occupy much of the south of the region. The north of the region, comprising Cumbria and northern Lancashire, is rural, as is the far south which encompasses parts of the Cheshire Plain.
The region includes parts of three National parks and three areas of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Office for National Statistics Mid Year Population Estimates North West Englands population accounts for just over 13% of Englands overall population. 37. 86% of the North Wests population resides in Greater Manchester,21. 39% in Lancashire,20. 30% in Merseyside,14. 76% in Cheshire and 7. 41% live in the largest county by area, Cumbria. According to 2009 Office for National Statistics estimates,91. 6% of people in the region describe themselves as White,88. 4% White British,1. 0% White Irish and 2. 2% White Other. The Mixed Race population makes up 1. 3% of the regions population, there are 323,800 South Asians, making up 4. 7% of the population, and 1. 1% Black Britons. 0. 6% of the population are Chinese and 0. 5% of people belong to ethnic group. North West England is a diverse region, with Manchester. 19. 4% of Blackburn with Darwens population are Muslim, the third highest among all local authorities in the United Kingdom, Areas such as Moss Side in Greater Manchester are home to a 30%+ Black British population.
In contrast, the town of St. Helens in Merseyside, one in five of the population in the North West is Catholic, a result of large-scale Irish emigration in the nineteenth century as well as the high number of English recusants in Lancashire. For top-tier authorities, Manchester has the highest teenage pregnancy rate in the region, for council districts, Burnley has the highest rate, closely followed by Hyndburn, both in Lancashire. For top-tier authorities, Cheshire has the lowest teenage pregnancy rate, for council districts, Eden has the lowest rate closely followed by South Lakeland, both in Cumbria
2.
Morecambe
Morecambe /ˈmɔːkəm/ is a town on Morecambe Bay in Lancashire, which had a population of 34,768 at the 2011 Census. The first use of the name Morecambe in modern times was by Whitaker in his History of Manchester and it next appears four years in Antiquities of Furness where the bay is described as the Bay of Morecambe. That name is derived from the Roman name shown on maps prepared for them by Claudius Ptolemœus from his original Greek maps, at this distance in time it is impossible to say if the name was originally derived from an earlier language or from Greek. The Latin version describes the fourth inlet north from Wales on the west coast of England as Moriancabris Æsturis, the name next crops up as early as March 1862 on a steam locomotive built for the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway. It was not until 1889 that the legislation was passed to officially name the area as Morecambe, comprising the hamlets of Poulton, Bare. In 1894 the Urban District Council was formed, thus freeing Morecambe completely from its governance by the Borough of Lancaster until 1974 when Lancaster again took charge.
Before the creation of Morecambe, Poulton acquired two suffixes, le Sands and briefly on Sands shown on at least one map, the reason for these additions stems from the dearth of names of townships in earlier times with the same name recurring over again. In the days before free movement of people, this was not so important, as travel became easier through first the turnpikes and the railways, it became necessary to differentiate between the various towns with the same name, hence the additions. On 3 August 1928 the name changed again when the Corporation of Morecambe amalgamated with Heysham Urban District Council to form the borough of Morecambe and Heysham. In 1846, the Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company was formed to build a harbour on Morecambe Bay, close to the village of Poulton-le-Sands. The settlement expanded to absorb Poulton and the villages of Bare, the settlement started to be referred to as Morecambe, possibly after the harbour and railway. In 1889 the new name was officially adopted, Morecambe was a thriving seaside resort in the mid-20th century.
While the resort of Blackpool attracted holiday-makers predominantly from the Lancashire mill towns, Morecambe had more visitors from Yorkshire, mill workers from Bradford and further afield in West Yorkshire would holiday at Morecambe, with some retiring there. This gave Morecambe the nickname Bradford On Sea, between 1956 and 1989 it was the home of the Miss Great Britain beauty contest. Morecambe suffered a decline after a series of incidents that damaged tourism. Two piers were lost, West End Pier was partly washed away in a storm in November 1977, in 1994, The World of Crinkley Bottom attraction in Happy Mount Park closed only thirteen weeks after opening. The ensuing Blobbygate scandal led to a battle between Lancaster City Council and TV star Noel Edmonds. The closures of Bubbles, Morecambes swimming pool, and the known as Frontierland soon followed
3.
David Morris (Conservative politician)
David Thomas Morris is a British Conservative Party politician. He is Member of Parliament for Morecambe and Lunesdale in Lancashire and he was educated at St Andrews School in Nassau, Bahamas. After applying and failing to get into the Royal Navy because of his short sightedness, Morris apprenticed as a hairdresser and his hobby was playing the electric guitar, and he joined a teenage band in which Richard Rick Astley was the drummer. After the lead singer left FBI, Morris left the band to concentrate on hairdressing, Astley had stepped up to take over vocals, and after being spotted by Pete Waterman was signed by Stock and Waterman. Morris wrote songs, both for Astley and other SAW performers including Sonia, Brother Beyond and Jason Donovan, after leaving the music industry, Morris returned to hairdressing, where he built up a chain of five salons. Selected as the Conservative candidate for Blackpool South in 2001 and Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire in 2005, Morris won Morecambe and Lunesdale at the 2010 general election, defeating Labours Geraldine Smith by 866 votes.
Morris is a member of the Armed Forces Parliamentary Scheme, for which he has the honorary title Lieutenant Commander and he employs his girlfriend Emma Smith as member of staff. Morris was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum, in November 2016 Morris was accused of claiming £1400 in car mileage for trips in the UK on dates when he was abroad on parliamentary business, for which Morris blamed the expenses watchdog. Divorced, he has two teenage sons and he met with controversy in 2011, after being photographed in a seemingly intimate embrace with his 23-year-old researcher, whilst already having a long-term girlfriend. In the 2015 General Election his girlfriend Emma Smith was his election agent, Morris is a friend of the actor and musician David Hasselhoff, whom he welcomed to the House of Commons in February 2011 as part of the campaign to reopen the Morecambe Winter Gardens. Official website David Morris on Conservative party website Voting record at Public Whip Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
4.
Fire services in the United Kingdom
The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover is provided by over fifty fire and rescue services, many FRS were previously known as brigades or county fire services, but almost all now use the standard terminology. They are distinct from and governed by an authority, which is the legislative and administrative body. Fire authorities in England and Wales, and therefore fire and rescue services and Northern Ireland have centralised fire and rescue services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion. The devolved government in Scotland has an agency, HMFSI Scotland. This Act provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain,1947, Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire,1959, Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act, it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities.
It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act,1999, Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2002, there was a series of fire strikes. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the action still ongoing. Bains report ultimately led to a change in the relating to firefighting. 2002, Independent Review of the Fire Service published 2004, Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, generally only applying to England and it came into force on 1 October 2006. The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises,2006, The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on Fire, promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation. But does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries, There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association.
The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a House of Commons select committee, in June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office, Fire Control On 8 February 2010 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project. Called to give evidence were Cllr Brian Coleman and Cllr James Pearson from the Local Government Association, giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association
5.
M6 motorway
Here, just short of the Scottish border it becomes the A74 which continues to Glasgow as the M74. It is part of the east−west route between the Midlands and the east-coast ports, the section from the M1 to the M6 Toll split near Birmingham forms part of the unsigned E-road E24 and the section from the M6 Toll and the M42 forms part of E05. The motorway has major junctions with the M56 and M62 at Warrington, giving access to Chester, the M6 heads north past Wigan and Lancaster. The first section of the motorway and the first motorway in the country was the Preston By-pass and it was built by Tarmac Construction and opened by the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan on 5 December 1958. In January 1959 the Preston by-pass was closed because of rapid surface deterioration over a stretch of 100 yards due to water freezing, motorists were diverted to the old road while the UK road research laboratory at Harmondsworth pondered the importance of surface water drainage. Later, other sections of the motorway were constructed, and finally it was all linked together, the second phase of construction was completed in 1960, forming the Lancaster by-pass.
Some 100 miles south, the Stafford by-pass was completed in 1962, by 1965, the remaining sections of motorway Stafford–Preston and Preston–Lancaster had been completed. 1968 saw the completion of the Walsall to Stafford link as well as the Penrith by-pass some 150 miles north in Cumberland, in 1970, the Lancaster–Penrith link was completed, along with a short section of motorway by-passing the south of Walsall. The most northerly section of the motorway opened in 1970. Junction 6 in Birmingham is widely known as Spaghetti Junction because of its complexity, on the elevated ground between Shap and Tebay, the north- and south-bound carriages split apart. At this point a road runs between the two carriageways without a link to the motorway. The section of the M6 that runs over Shap Fell in Cumbria is 1,050 ft above sea level, the northbound entry slip road at Lancaster was unusually short, presenting problems for traffic joining the motorway. The M6 crosses the River Lune at this point and unless the bridge had been made wider and this junction was upgraded from an earlier emergency-vehicles-only access point, which explains the substandard design.
The route was intended to replace the old A6, which it does along the northern section starting with the Preston Bypass. However, a closer approximation to the overall actual route of the M6 is provided by following the A45, A34, A50, A49. South of Preston, the A6 route is instead supplemented by the M61 as far as Manchester, south of Manchester, there is no true motorway replacement for the old road. Across the Pennines, the old road remains the main local through-route, in July 1972 the UK Minister for Transport Industries announced that 86 miles of UK motorway particularly prone to fog would benefit from lighting in a project which should be completed by 1973. Sections to be illuminated included the M6 between junctions 10 and 11, and between junctions 20 and 27, the road opened on 5 December 2008, the 50th anniversary of the M6 Preston By-pass
6.
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain.
The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
7.
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union. Together with the Council of the European Union and the European Commission, the Parliament is composed of 751 members, who represent the second-largest democratic electorate in the world and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world. It has been elected every five years by universal suffrage since 1979. However, voter turnout at European Parliament elections has fallen consecutively at each election since that date, voter turnout in 2014 stood at 42. 54% of all European voters. The Parliament is the first institution of the EU, and shares equal legislative and it likewise has equal control over the EU budget. Finally, the European Commission, the body of the EU, is accountable to Parliament. In particular, Parliament elects the President of the Commission, and it can subsequently force the Commission as a body to resign by adopting a motion of censure. The President of the European Parliament is Antonio Tajani, elected in January 2017 and he presides over a multi-party chamber, the two largest groups being the Group of the European Peoples Party and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.
The last union-wide elections were the 2014 elections, the European Parliament has three places of work – Brussels, the city of Luxembourg and Strasbourg. Luxembourg is home to the administrative offices, meetings of the whole Parliament take place in Strasbourg and in Brussels. Committee meetings are held in Brussels, the Parliament, like the other institutions, was not designed in its current form when it first met on 10 September 1952. One of the oldest common institutions, it began as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and it was a consultative assembly of 78 appointed parliamentarians drawn from the national parliaments of member states, having no legislative powers. Its development since its foundation shows how the European Unions structures have evolved without a master plan. Some, such as Tom Reid of the Washington Post, said of the union, nobody would have designed a government as complex. Even the Parliaments two seats, which have switched several times, are a result of various agreements or lack of agreements, the body was not mentioned in the original Schuman Declaration.
It was assumed or hoped that difficulties with the British would be resolved to allow the Council of Europes Assembly to perform the task, a separate Assembly was introduced during negotiations on the Treaty as an institution which would counterbalance and monitor the executive while providing democratic legitimacy. The wording of the ECSC Treaty demonstrated the desire for more than a normal consultative assembly by using the term representatives of the people. Its early importance was highlighted when the Assembly was given the task of drawing up the treaty to establish a European Political Community
8.
City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster is a local government district of Lancashire, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. The district has a population of 142,300, and an area of 222.5 square miles, the city councils primary responsibility is refuse collection. The higher tier of government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are parish councils, See this list of civil parishes in the district. The district comprises two constituencies and Fleetwood, and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives, in 2015, Lancaster and Fleetwood was gained by Labour, whilst Morecambe and Lunesdale was retained by the Conservatives. There were elections in 2007,2011 and 2015, at the 2011 UK census, the City of Lancaster had a total population of 138,375. Of the 57,822 households in the city,33. 5% were married couples living together,31. 9% were one-person households,7. 8% were co-habiting couples and 10. 0% were lone parents and these figures were similar to the national averages.
The population density was 233/km2 and for every 100 females, there were 91.8 males, of those aged 16–74 in Lancaster,26. 7% had no academic qualifications, lower than 28. 9% in all of England. The city of Lancaster had a proportion of white people than Lancashire. The table below details the population change since 1801, including the change since the last available census data. At the 2011 UK census,65. 9% of Lancasters population reported themselves as Christian,1. 3% Muslim,0. 4% Buddhist,0. 3% Hindu,0. 1% Jewish, and 0. 1% Sikh. 24. 5% had no religion,0. 5% had a religion and 7. 1% did not state their religion. The city is covered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster, at the United Kingdom Census 2001, the City of Lancaster had 97,365 residents aged 16 to 74. Of these people,4. 0% were students with jobs,9. 6% students without jobs,5. 1% looking after home or family,6. 0% permanently sick or disabled and 2. 8% economically inactive for other reasons. Lancaster and Heysham lie within unparished areas, perpignan Rendsburg Aalborg Lublin Vaxjo Almere Viana do Castelo Lancaster City Council website
9.
A601(M) motorway
The A601 is a motorway in Lancashire, England. It is 1.3 miles long, and meets the M6 at Junction 35, the A601 is not the A601 under motorway restrictions, as is the usual explanation for such a classification in the UK. The A601 itself is the Derby inner ring road, over 100 miles away, the section between the M6 and Junction 35A was originally opened in 1960, as part of the Lancaster Bypass. This was a 2 lane motorway, in 1970, the M6 was extended north, and a short spur was left to the A6. The terminal roundabout was given the junction number 35A, in 1987, a link was constructed with the B6254, to remove traffic for Over Kellet Quarries and Kirkby Lonsdale passing through Carnforth. The road was renumbered as the A601. No junction number was given to this terminus
10.
North West Ambulance Service
There is no charge to patients for use of the service, and under the Patients charter, every person in the United Kingdom has the right to the attendance of an ambulance in an emergency. The trust lost the contract for non-emergency patient transport services in Cheshire, Warrington and it will transfer to the West Midlands Ambulance Service in July 2016. NWAS use Mercedes-Benz Sprinters or Fiat Ducatos as their standard emergency ambulance, Skoda Scouts as the main Rapid response car, the Trust currently operates from 114 ambulance stations and employs around 4,900 staff. NWAS was the first ambulance trust to be inspected by the Care Quality Commission, emergency medical services in the United Kingdom Healthcare in Greater Manchester North West Air Ambulance List of NHS trusts NWAS Website
11.
Hornby-with-Farleton
Hornby-with-Farleton is a civil parish in the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. It had a population of 729 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing marginally to 730 at the 2011 Census. The parish is about 8.5 miles north-east of Lancaster, Hornby is situated close to where the River Wenning joins the River Lune. In the centre of the village is St Margarets Church with its octagonal tower, a mile to the north are the earthwork remains of Castle Stede, a motte-and-bailey castle dating from the eleventh or twelfth century. It was started in the 13th century as a replacement for Castle Stede, the tower is 16th century but the rest was constructed during the 18th and 19th centuries. Despite the castle now being divided into flats, it is one of the most recognisable points of the village. Hornby Castle and grounds are private, although the gardens are open two weekends each year in February for snowdrops and May with an entrance fee. There is no access to buildings, but most of the grounds are available to walk round freely on these dates.
The gardens feature a garden with plants for sale. Farleton is the south of the main A683 road, the Toll House, a Grade II listed building was, in the 1920s, a garage. Listed buildings in Hornby-with-Farleton Hornby Priory Hornby-with-Farleton website Hornby Castle website Castle Stead Lancaster City Council
12.
Lancaster, Lancashire
Lancaster /ˈlæŋkəstər/, or /ˈlæŋˌkæstər/ is a city and the county town of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952, long existing as a commercial and educational centre, Lancaster is the settlement that gives Lancashire its name. Lancaster was granted city status in 1937 for its association with the crown. With its history based on its port and canal, Lancaster is an ancient settlement, dominated by Lancaster Castle, Lancaster Priory Church and it is home to the campus-based Lancaster University and a campus of the University of Cumbria. The coin evidence suggests that the fort was not continuously inhabited in early years. The fort was rebuilt in stone around 102 AD, the fort underwent a few more extensions, and at its largest area it was 9–10 acres. The evidence suggests that the fort remained active into the early 5th century, little is known about Lancaster between the end of Roman rule in Britain in the early 5th century and the Norman Conquest in the late 11th century.
Despite a lack of documentation from this period, it is likely that Lancaster was still inhabited, Lancaster was on the fringes of the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria, and over time control may have changed from one to the other. Archaeological evidence suggests there was a monastery on or near the site of todays Lancaster Priory by the 700s or 800s. For example, an Anglo-Saxon runic cross found at the Priory in 1807, Lancaster was probably one of the numerous monasteries founded under Wilfrid. The founding charter of the Priory, dated 1094, is the first known document which is specific to Lancaster, by this time William had given Lancaster and its surrounding region to Roger de Poitou. This document suggests that the monastery had been refounded as a church at some point prior to 1066. Lancaster became a borough in 1193 under King Richard I and its first charter, dated 12 June 1193, was from John, Count of Mortain, who became King of England. Lancaster Castle, partly built in the 13th century and enlarged by Elizabeth I, Lancaster Castle is well known as the site of the Pendle witch trials in 1612.
It was said that the court based in the castle sentenced more people to be hanged than any other in the country outside London, earning Lancaster the nickname, Lancaster figured prominently in the suppression of Catholicism during the reformation with the execution of at least eleven Catholic priests. A memorial to the Lancaster Martyrs is located close to the city centre, the traditional emblem for the House of Lancaster is a red rose, the red rose of Lancaster, similar to that of the House of York, which is a white rose. These names derive from the emblems of the Royal Duchies of Lancaster and this erupted into a civil war over rival claims to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. In more recent times, the term Wars of the Roses has been applied to rivalry in sports teams representing Lancashire and Yorkshire, not just the cities of Lancaster and York
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Perpignan (since 1962)
Rendsburg (since 1968)
Aalborg (since 1982)
Lublin (since 1994)
Växjö (since 1996)
Lancaster
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