Cladogenesis
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Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a new clade that contains two newly separated lineages—with one common ancestor.
An example of cladogenesis today is the Hawaiian archipelago, to which stray organisms traveled across the ocean via ocean currents and winds. Most of the species on the islands are not found anywhere else on Earth due to evolutionary divergence.
Founder effect
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In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It was firs
Cladogenesis
…areas, or after environmental changes cause extinction(s) that open up new ecological niches for the survivors—or that cause population bottlenecks and founder effects that change allele frequencies of the diverging populations compared to their ancestral population. Events that cause populations to be dispersed over…
The small founding population experiences a loss of heterozygosity after multiple generations. ("Genetic Drift" by Boundless, 2015.)