1.
Paley Center for Media
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The Paley Center for Media & Paleyfest Location, formerly the Museum of Television & Radio and the Museum of Broadcasting, founded in 1975 by William S. With an ever-growing collection of content broadcast on radio and television, the New York City branch is in the heart of Midtown Manhattan at 25 West 52nd Street between 5th and 6th Avenues. The Los Angeles branch is located at 465 N Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills and this was adjacent to the Doubleday Book Store on Fifth Avenue. The Museum of Broadcastings name was changed to The Museum of Television & Radio with the September 12,1991 move into the William S. Paley Building. Designed by Philip Johnson and located at 25 West 52nd Street and it has two front entrances, the one on the left is for office staff, and the main entrance on the right for the general public. The Alexander Mackendrick film Sweet Smell of Success has a location scene with different angles revealing how the neighborhood looked in the years before the building was constructed. Reservations to use the Library are made at the front desk, in addition to the elevator, a staircase on the first floor leads down to the large basement-level theater. The fourth floor has numerous Macintosh computers, used by visitors to scan titles in the collection, when a selection is made, it can be watched on the computer. Computers are available both for individuals and for groups, on another floor, visitors can hear pre-programmed channels in the Ralph Guild Listening Room, named for Ralph C. Guild, Chairman of the Board for Interep, the largest independent national sales and marketing organization specializing in radio, in the rear of the Listening Room is the museums radio broadcasting studio. The Museum of Television & Radio in Los Angeles at 465 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills, opened March 18,1996 in a new building designed by Richard Meier and named for Leonard H. Goldenson. When the Los Angeles building opened, it featured a collection duplicated from the tapes in the New York collection, rooms are named for the celebrity sponsors, the Danny Thomas Lobby, the Aaron Spelling Reception Area and the Garry Marshall Pool. Screenings are held in the 150-seat John H. Mitchell Theatre, the Ahmanson Radio Listening Room has headphones for use with five pre-programmed channels. The Paley Center for Media is committed to the idea that many television and radio programs are significant works, instead of collecting artifacts and memorabilia, the Paley Center comprises mostly screening rooms, including two full-sized theaters. Some television programs are from the 1940s with radio programs dating back to the 1920s, the museum does not sell the material or permit it to leave the premises. Viewing copies of programs are Hi-8mm video tape dubs. The originals are kept in a vault outside of New York City, the Paley Center has acquired many lost episodes of classic television shows and has produced documentary features about the history and impact of television and radio. In recent years, the Center has sponsored advance viewing of the episodes of each networks new programs
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
Hugh Dancy
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Hugh Michael Horace Dancy is an English actor and model. In 2006, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his portrayal of the Earl of Essex in the Channel 4 miniseries Elizabeth I, Dancy was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, and raised in Newcastle-under-Lyme. His mother, Sarah Ann Dancy, works in academic publishing and his father is philosophy professor Jonathan Dancy, who teaches at the University of Reading and at the University of Texas at Austin. Hugh is the oldest of three children, followed by brother Jack Dancy, who is co-director of the travel company Trufflepig Travel, from the age of 5 to the age of 10, Dancy was educated at Edenhurst Preparatory School in Newcastle-under-Lyme. At age 10, Dancy attended boarding school at the Dragon School in Oxford, then, at age 18, he acted in the Winchester College Players production of Twelfth Night, which was performed in both Winchester and at the Minack Theatre in Cornwall. He went on to study English under poet and playwright Francis Warner at St Peters College, after graduation, Dancy moved to London, where a chance conversation in a cafe led to his meeting casting director Ros Hubbard and agent Dallas Smith, who signed him. In 1999, Dancy played the role of Danny, who had a romance with Rachel, one of the shows main characters. In 2002, Dancy played Daniel Deronda in the BBCs adaptation of George Eliots novel Daniel Deronda. In 2005, he starred as Adam Raki in Adam, an independent film which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2009 and he went on to appear in various other films. In theatre, Dancy has appeared in MCC Theaters The Pride, written by Alexi Kaye Campbell, the off-Broadway production was directed by Joe Mantello and co-starred Ben Whishaw and Andrea Riseborough. In 2007, Dancy had a role on Broadway as Captain Dennis Stanhope in Journeys End. From 2010 until 2011, he starred in Manhattan Theatre Clubs Broadway production of Venus in Fur alongside Nina Arianda and his performance was praised by The New York Times theatre critic Charles Isherwood. In March 2012, NBC announced that Dancy had been cast as Will Graham in Hannibal, the show received critical acclaim and was nominated for numerous awards. It was cancelled after three seasons and concluded in 2015, though there are hopes of a revival and he currently appears as a lead character in Hulus The Path, alongside Aaron Paul and Michelle Monaghan. Dancy met American actress Claire Danes on the set of Evening in Newport, Rhode Island, in February 2009, they announced their engagement. The couple married in France in 2009, privately, in 2012, the actress gave birth to their son named Cyrus. Hugh Dancy at the Internet Movie Database Hugh-Dancy. Net - Hugh Dancy Fansite HughDancyDaily. Com - Hugh Dancy Fansite [
4.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
5.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
6.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
7.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
8.
Time 100
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Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
9.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
10.
My So-Called Life
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My So-Called Life is an American teen drama television series created by Winnie Holzman and produced by Edward Zwick and Marshall Herskovitz. It originally aired on ABC from August 25,1994, to January 26,1995, the critically acclaimed but short-lived show ended in a cliffhanger with the expectation that it would be picked up for an additional season, but it was officially canceled on May 15,1995. The show was praised for its portrayal of adolescence and the commentary of its central character and my So-Called Life dealt with major social issues of the mid-1990s, including child abuse, homophobia, teenage alcoholism, homelessness, adultery, school violence, censorship, and drug use. The title of the show alludes to the perception of meaninglessness that many teenagers experience, the show depicts the teenage years as being difficult and confusing rather than a light, fun-filled time. Angela Chase, played by Claire Danes, is a 15-year-old sophomore at Liberty High School in Three Rivers, Pennsylvania and she is attempting to discover and assert her identity. To do this, she distances herself from her past and pulls away from her parents and her friends, Sharon Cherski. In their place, she befriends Rayanne Graff and Rickie Vasquez, Angela has a crush on Jordan Catalano and admires him from afar, they later begin dating and eventually break up. With these new relationships, Angela finds herself in precarious and sometimes dangerous situations, despite temptation, she remains levelheaded, Angela narrates 17 of the 19 episodes in voice-over. Alicia Silverstone auditioned before Danes and impressed producer Edward Zwick, who wanted to cast her as Angela, she was also emancipated and his partner Marshall Herskovitz thought, however, that Silverstone was too beautiful to play a conflicted teenager uncertain of herself. Danes audition impressed both, but as she was 13 and had to school, after her casting. Patricia Patty Chase, played by Bess Armstrong, is Angelas mother, unlike many TV mothers, she is the main breadwinner and, at the beginning of the series, employs her husband. She is opinionated and often expresses her strongly held beliefs, which at one point leads to a confrontation with the mother of Rayanne. Enrique Rickie Vasquez, played by Wilson Cruz, is Rayanne Graffs other best friend and he is a gay 15-year-old boy being raised by his uncle, who physically and emotionally abuses him. Rickie wears eyeliner and bright clothing and feels most at home in the bathroom with Rayanne. When his uncle kicks him out of the house, he is fostered briefly by the Chases, he is fostered by gay English teacher Richard Katimski. Brian Krakow, played by Devon Gummersall, has a crush on Angela and is longtime friends with both her and Sharon. Despite his high IQ and insight into characters, he lacks emotional intelligence and is socially awkward. This tends to him from his peers
11.
Little Women (1994 film)
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Little Women is a 1994 American family drama film directed by Gillian Armstrong. The screenplay by Robin Swicord is based on the 1868 Louisa May Alcott novel of the same name. It is the feature film adaptation of the Alcott classic, following silent versions released in 1917 and 1918, a 1933 George Cukor-directed release. It was released exclusively on December 21,1994, and was released four days later on December 25,1994. The film focuses on the March sisters, beautiful Meg, tempestuous Jo, tender Beth, and romantic Amy, with their father away fighting in the war, the girls struggle with major and minor problems under the guidance of their strong-willed mother, affectionately called Marmee. As a means of escaping some of their problems, the sisters revel in performing in plays written by Jo in their attic theater. Living next door to the family is wealthy Mr. Laurence, whose grandson Theodore, nicknamed Laurie, moves in with him and becomes a close friend of the March family, particularly Jo. Mr. Laurence becomes a mentor for Beth, whose exquisite piano-playing reminds him of his deceased daughter, Mr. March is wounded in the war and Marmee is called away to nurse him. While Marmee is away, Beth contracts scarlet fever from a neighbors infant, awaiting Marmees return, Meg and Jo send Amy away to live in safety with their Aunt March. Prior to Beths illness, Jo had been Aunt Marchs companion for several years, when Beths condition worsens, Marmee is summoned home and nurses her to recovery just in time for Christmas. Mr. Laurence gives his daughters piano to Beth, Meg accepts John Brookes proposal, four years pass, Meg and John marry, and Beths health is deteriorating steadily. Laurie graduates from college, proposes to Jo and asks her to go to London with him, Jo later deals with the added disappointment that Aunt March has decided to take Amy, who is now sixteen, with her to Europe instead of her. Crushed, Jo departs for New York City to pursue her dream of writing and experiencing life, in Europe, Amy is reunited with Laurie. She is disappointed to find he has become dissolute and irresponsible, in return, he bitterly rebukes her for courting one of his wealthy college friends in order to marry into money. He leaves Amy a letter asking her to wait for him while he works in London for his grandfather, Jo is summoned home to see Beth, who finally dies of the lingering effects of scarlet fever that have plagued her for the past four years. Grieving for her sister, Jo retreats to the comfort of the attic, upon its completion, she sends it to Professor Bhaer. Meanwhile, Meg gives birth to twins Demi and Daisy, a letter from Amy informs the family Aunt March is too ill to travel, so Amy must remain in Europe with her. In London, Laurie receives a letter from Jo in which she informs him of Beths death and mentions Amy is in Vevey, Laurie immediately travels to be at Amys side
12.
Romeo + Juliet
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While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue, the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires and swords are replaced with guns. Some of the names are also changed. Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names, Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence, there is also no Friar John, who was in the original play. Also, some characters were switched from one family to the other—in the original, Gregory and Sampson are Capulets, in addition, a few plot details are shifted, most notably near the ending. At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997, DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor, Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture. At the 69th Academy Awards, Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, in Verona Beach, the Capulets and the Montagues are arch-rivals. The animosity of the older generation—Fulgencio and Gloria Capulet and Ted, a gunfight between the Montague boys led by Benvolio, Romeos cousin, and the Capulet boys led by Tybalt, Juliets cousin, creates chaos in the city. The Chief of Police, Captain Prince, reprimands the families, warning them that if such behavior continues, Benvolio meets Romeo on a beach. While playing a game of pool they learn of a party being held by the Capulets that evening which they decide to gate-crash, Romeo agrees to come after discovering that Rosaline, with whom he is in love, is attending. The Montague boys meet their friend, Mercutio, who has tickets to the Capulet party, Romeo takes the ecstasy Mercutio gave him and they proceed to the Capulet mansion. The effects of the drug and the party overwhelm Romeo, who goes to the restroom, while admiring an aquarium, he and Juliet see each other and fall instantly in love. Tybalt spots Romeo and vows to him for invading his familys home. Romeo and Juliet sneak into an elevator and kiss, the nurse spots them when the doors open and drags Juliet away, while revealing to her that Romeo is a Montague. At the same time, Romeo realizes that Juliet is a Capulet, Mercutio takes Romeo from the party, but he sneaks back to the mansion, hiding under Juliet’s balcony. Juliet emerges into the yard and proclaims her love for him before Romeo sneaks up behind her, Juliet warns him that he is risking his life, but Romeo tells her he does not care whether he is caught. Knowing her nurse is looking for her, Juliet tells him that, if he sends word by the following day, Romeo visits Father Lawrence, telling him he wants to marry Juliet. He agrees to marry the pair in hopes that their marriage will help ease the tensions between the families, Romeo passes the word on to Juliet’s nurse and the lovers are married. Tybalt encounters Mercutio just as Romeo arrives, Romeo attempts to make peace, but Tybalt assaults him
13.
The Rainmaker (1997 film)
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The Rainmaker is a 1997 American legal drama film based on John Grishams 1995 novel of the same name, and written and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Matt Damon, Danny DeVito, Danny Glover, Claire Danes, Jon Voight, Roy Scheider, Mickey Rourke, Virginia Madsen, Mary Kay Place, Rudy Baylor was brought up in a slum. His father, who was an alcoholic, abused him. After studying at Austin Peay State University, Rudy, who has an interest in justice and civil rights. When he graduates from the University of Memphis State Law School, he and he is forced to apply for part-time positions while he serves drinks at a Memphis bar. Desperate for a job, he goes to an interview with J. Lyman Bruiser Stone, a ruthless and corrupt but successful personal injury lawyer. To earn his fee, Rudy is turned into an ambulance chaser, soon he meets Deck Shifflet, a less-than-ethical former insurance assessor turned paralegal, who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam six times. Deck is resourceful in gathering information, and practically an expert on insurance lawsuits, Rudy manages to get just one case, concerning insurance bad faith. It may be several million dollars in damages, which appeals to him because he is about to declare himself bankrupt. He rents an apartment above the garage in the home of elderly Miss Birdsong, Bruiser is suspected of racketeering, and his offices are raided by the police and FBI. Not knowing what else to do, Rudy and Deck set up, without so much as a secretary for help and they file a bad faith suit on behalf of a middle-aged couple, Dot and Buddy Black, whose 22-year-old son Donny Ray is going to die from leukemia. Donny Ray would most likely have saved by a bone marrow transplant had his medical claim not been denied by Great Benefit. Although Rudy passes the Tennessee bar exam, he has never argued a case before a judge and jury. He finds himself up against a group of experienced and devious lawyers from a firm that is headed by Leo F. Drummond. The original judge assigned to the case, Harvey Hale, is set to dismiss it because he sees it as one of many so-called lottery cases that slow the judicial process. But after Hale suffers a heart attack, a far more sympathetic judge, Tyrone Kipler. Kipler, a civil rights attorney, immediately denies the insurance companys petition for dismissal. After a particularly violent attack, Rudy persuades Kelly, to whom he is attracted, going to Kellys home to pack her belongings, Rudy and Kelly are violently confronted by a bat-wielding Cliff
14.
Brokedown Palace
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Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film directed by Jonathan Kaplan, and starring Claire Danes, Kate Beckinsale, Bill Pullman and Lim Kay Tong. It deals with two American friends imprisoned in Thailand for drug smuggling, because it presents a critical view of the Thai legal system, most scenes were filmed in the Philippines, however, some panoramas and views were filmed in Bangkok. Its title is taken from a Grateful Dead song written by Jerry Garcia, lifelong best friends Alice Marano and Darlene Davis take a trip after graduating from high school, giving their parents the impression that theyre going to Hawaii. However, Alice talks Darlene into going to Thailand instead, after comparing the prices of both destinations, Darlene agrees, albeit with some reluctance. Once in Thailand, they meet a captivating Australian man who calls himself Nick Parks, Darlene is particularly smitten with Nick and convinces Alice to take Nick up on his offer to treat the two of them to what amounts to a day trip to Hong Kong. At the airport, the girls are seized by the police, the two girls are interrogated by the Thai police and Darlene signs a confession written in Thai, which she foolishly thinks is her verbatim statement. At their trial, they beg for mercy and are given a lenient 33-year sentence instead of the life sentence in prison. In prison, the girls are advised to seek out Henry Greene, aka Yankee Hank, as the girls try to deal with the violence and squalor of prison, Hank begins work on their case. He tracks down another girl who had used as an unwitting drug mule by Nick Parks. Hank arranges a deal with a corrupt prosecutor whereby the girls receive a clemency if they confess to having lied about Parks involvement. However, the prosecutor reneges on the deal after the girls confess, desperate, and realizing that Darlene will not survive their time in prison, Alice begs the King of Thailand to allow her to serve both of their sentences in exchange for letting Darlene go. The deal is accepted and Darlene is released, where she promises to continue working with Hank to try and free Alice. She further remarked in Premiere that the city smelled of cockroaches, with all over and that there is no sewage system. Kim Atienza, son of then Mayor of Manila Lito Atienza, responded to the comments by saying, Those are irresponsible, bigoted and her films were subsequently banned from being screened in the Philippines. Joseph Estrada, then President of the Philippines, condemned her publicly, Brokedown Palace received negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film Rotten, with only 31% of 35 critics giving positive reviews, summarizing that the movie lacks credibility and tension. Roger Ebert however gave the three out of four stars, saying The heart of the film is in the performances of Danes. The film underperformed at the box office, failing to make back even half of its $25 million budget,1999 in film Return to Paradise Brokedown Palace at the Internet Movie Database Brokedown Palace at Rotten Tomatoes Brokedown Palace at Box Office Mojo
15.
Dubbing (filmmaking)
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The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks, the mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements. In the past, dubbing was practiced primarily in musicals when the actor had a singing voice. Today, dubbing enables the screening of material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production. Films, videos, and sometimes video games are dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, the insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer-generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. In conventional film production, a sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post-production, a sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene, the most suitable take becomes the final version. The ADR process does not always take place in a post-production studio, the process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. Sometimes, a different actor than the actor on set is used during ADR. One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse, in post-production and it provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture, Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone. With ADR, actors can average 10–12 lines per hour, while rythmo band can facilitate the reading of 35-50 lines per hour, However, the preparation of a rythmo band is a time-consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line. VideoDubber, a startup company from Israel, developed an automated dubbing SaaS platform that enables automated dubbing of video content to over 40 languages using digitized voices. It was the first to dub a full TV channel using this technology for a Spanish cable provider in July 2015, Media Movers, Inc. a dubbing company, has developed a piece of proprietary software that can automatically sync ADR/dubbed tracks with pre-defined algorithms. TM Systems received Emmy awards in 2002 and 2007 for their dubbing and subtitling software, Dubbing is often used to localize a foreign movie
16.
Princess Mononoke
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Princess Mononoke is a 1997 Japanese epic historical fantasy anime film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, produced by Studio Ghibli and distributed by Toho. The film stars the voices of Yōji Matsuda, Yuriko Ishida, Yūko Tanaka, Kaoru Kobayashi, Masahiko Nishimura, Tsunehiko Kamijo, Akihiro Miwa, Mitsuko Mori, Princess Mononoke is set in the late Muromachi period of Japan with fantasy elements. The story follows the young Emishi prince Ashitakas involvement in a struggle between the gods of a forest and the humans who consume its resources, the term Mononoke is not a name, but a Japanese word for a spirit or monster. Unlike other Ghibli films, Mononoke has a darker and more violent setting, the film was released in Japan on July 12,1997, and in the United States on October 29,1999. In Muromachi Japan, an Emishi village is attacked by a demon, the last Emishi prince, Ashitaka, kills it before it reaches the village, but its corruption curses his arm in the battle. The curse gives him strength in the injured arm, but is fatal. The villagers discover that the demon was once a god, Nago. The villages wise woman tells Ashitaka that he may find a cure in the western lands Nago came from. Heading west, Ashitaka meets Jiko-bō, a monk, who tells Ashitaka he may find help from the Great Forest Spirit, a Kirin-like creature by day. Nearby, men herd oxen to Irontown, led by Lady Eboshi, riding one of the wolves is San, a human girl. Later, Ashitaka discovers two injured Irontown men, and sees San and her pack, he greets them. He carries the injured men through the forest, where he encounters many kodama, in Irontown, Ashitaka learns Eboshi has built the town by clear-cutting forests to claim ironsand and produce iron, leading to conflict with the forest gods. Eboshi also explains that San, self-dubbed Princess Mononoke, was raised by the wolves as one of their own, San infiltrates Irontown to kill Eboshi, but Ashitaka intervenes, knocking them both unconscious. As he leaves, he is shot by a villager. San awakens and almost kills the dying Ashitaka, but hesitates when he tells her that she is beautiful and she takes him to the forest, and decides to trust him after the Forest Spirit saves his life. A boar clan led by the blind boar god Okkoto attacks Irontown to save the forest, Eboshi prepares for battle and sets out to kill the Forest Spirit under Jiko-bōs supervision, who is working for the government. Eboshi intends to give the head to the Emperor of Japan in return for protection from local daimyō, according to legend. In battle, the clan is annihilated and Okkoto is corrupted by gunshot wounds
17.
Igby Goes Down
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The film was written and directed by Burr Steers, and stars Kieran Culkin, Claire Danes, Jeff Goldblum, Susan Sarandon, Amanda Peet, Ryan Phillippe, Bill Pullman, and Jared Harris. It was given a theatrical release through United Artists on September 13,2002 in the United States. Jason Igby Slocumb, Jr. is a misanthropic 17-year-old boy and his schizophrenic father, Jason, has been committed to an institution. Igby fears he will suffer a mental breakdown like his father. His mother, Mimi, is self-absorbed and distant, Igby mockingly describes his ambitious older brother Ollie as a fascist or, alternatively, a Young Republican, and that he studies neo-fascism at Columbia University. Igby figures there must be a life out there, and he sets out to find it. After happily flunking out of several schools, he ends up in a brutal military academy where he gets beaten by his classmates. After escaping and spending time in a Chicago hotel courtesy of his mothers credit card, while working construction for D. H. Igby first encounters Rachel, his godfathers heroin-addicted trophy mistress. Rather than return to school, he escapes into the underworld of Manhattan, hiding out with Rachel. Eventually, he and Rachel have sex, after being suspected and scolded by D. H. he then hooks up with terminally bored, part-time lover, Sookie, only for her to later leave him for Ollie. Despite seeming cold and distant, Mimi is not unaffected by her rebellious son and she describes Igbys conception as an act of animosity and it shouldnt be a surprise that his life follows the same course. His name is explained as a family in-joke, as a child, he would blame his toy bear, Digby, for things he had done, mispronouncing it as Igby. In order to get him to take responsibility for his actions, Igby is informed by Russell that his mother Mimi is dying from breast cancer and so he returns to see her. She has arranged to commit suicide with help from Ollie, who feeds her poisoned strawberry yogurt, before she dies, Mimi makes a final revelation, casually inquiring of Igby, I take it you know that D. H. is your father. Igby leaves for Los Angeles in an attempt to make a clean break by getting 3,000 miles away from his family. Kieran Culkin as Jason Igby Slocumb, Jr. Rory Culkin as 10-year-old Igby Claire Danes as Sookie Sapperstein Jeff Goldblum as D. H. Banes Bill Pullman as Jason Slocumb and it is one of the last films to show the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center. The soundtrack was released on February 25,2003 by Spun Records, additional music credits Kodo – Ibuki Reconstruction M. Tardieu – Nocturne Supreme Beings of Leisure – Golddigger Herman Beeftink – Flamenco 60 Ft. Dolls – No. Critics have compared aspects of the story to J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye, film critic Roger Ebert gave the film a positive review and a grade of three and a half stars out of four
18.
The Hours (film)
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The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry, and starring Meryl Streep, Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman. Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris, John C, reilly, Stephen Dillane, Jeff Daniels, Miranda Richardson, Allison Janney, Toni Collette and Claire Danes. The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunninghams 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title, the plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 and it did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003, and was then released in British cinemas on Valentines Day that year. Critical reaction to the film was positive, with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture. In 1923, Virginia has begun writing the book Mrs Dalloway in her home in the town of Richmond outside London, in 1951, troubled Los Angeles housewife Laura Brown escapes from her conventional life by reading Mrs Dalloway. Richard tells Clarissa he has stayed alive for her sake, and she tells him she believes he would have won the award regardless of his illness. Richard often refers to Clarissa as Mrs. Dalloway - her namesake - because she distracts herself from her own life the way the Woolf character does, Virginia, who has experienced several nervous breakdowns and suffers from bipolar disorder, feels trapped in her home. She is intimidated by servants and constantly under the eye of her husband, Leonard, Virginia both welcomes and dreads an afternoon visit from her sister Vanessa and her children. After their departure, Virginia flees to the station, where she is awaiting a train to central London. He tells her how he lives in constant fear that she take her own life. She says she fears it also but argues that if she is to live, she has the right to decide how, pregnant with her second child, Laura spends her days in her tract home with her young son, Richie. She married her husband, Dan, soon after World War II, on the surface they are living the American Dream, but she is nonetheless deeply unhappy. She and Richie make a cake for Dans birthday, but it is a disaster and her neighbor Kitty drops in to ask her if she can feed her dog while shes in the hospital for a procedure. Kitty pretends to be upbeat, but Laura senses her sadness and fear and boldly kisses her on the lips, Laura and Richie successfully make another cake and clean up, and then she takes Richie to stay with Mrs. Latch. Richie runs after his mother as she leaves, fearing that she will never come back, Laura checks into a hotel, where she intends to commit suicide. Laura removes several bottles of pills and Mrs. Dalloway from her purse and she drifts off to sleep and dreams the hotel room is flooded. She awakens with a change of heart and caresses her belly and she picks up Richie, and they return home to celebrate Dans birthday
19.
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines
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Terminator 3, Rise of the Machines is a 2003 American science fiction action film, directed by Jonathan Mostow and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Nick Stahl, Claire Danes, and Kristanna Loken. It is the installment in the series, following Terminator 2. It does not involve James Cameron, who directed and wrote the first two films, the plot follows the events of the second installment. This includes Johns future wife, but not John himself as his whereabouts are unknown to Skynet, Johns life is placed in danger when the T-X finds him. John Connor has been living off the grid in Los Angeles following the death of his mother, Although Judgment Day did not occur on August 29,1997, John still fears a war between humans and the machines. Unable to locate John in the past, Skynet sends a new model of the Terminator called the T-X to July 23,2003, to kill other members of the Human Resistance. The T-X is more advanced than previous Terminators, and has an endoskeleton with built-in weaponry, a metal exterior similar to the T-1000. Unlike previous Terminators, its appearance is female. The Resistance sends a reprogrammed Terminator to protect the T-Xs targets including John and his future wife, Kate Brewster. After killing several other targets, the T-X locates Kate and John at an hospital, where the former works and the latter was stealing from. The Terminator takes John and Kate to a mausoleum where Johns mother is supposedly interred, inside her vault, they find a weapons cache left at Sarahs request in case Judgment Day occurred. Police arrive and a gun battle ensues, but the three escape in a hearse, the T-X also arrives and chases the Terminator and the others, but they escape. The Terminator reveals his plan to drive John and Kate to Mexico to escape the fallout when Judgment Day begins at 6,18 p. m. that day, the Terminator calls Johns bluff but agrees to take them after Kate orders him to. The Terminator reveals that he killed John on July 4,2032, John and Kate arrive too late to stop Skynet from being activated, and its machines begin attacking the staff. Brewster is mortally wounded by the T-X, which arrived before John, Kate, before dying, he gives Kate and John a code book and the location of what John believes is Skynets system core. John and Kate head for the tarmac to take General Brewsters airplane to reach Crystal Peak, the T-X and the T-850 battle, and the T-X severely damages the T-850 before reprogramming it to kill John and Kate. The T-X pursues John and Kate through the base but becomes trapped when a particle accelerator is activated. Shortly after they leave, the Terminators system reboots, John and Kate reach Crystal Peak and begin entering the access codes to gain entry when the T-X arrives by helicopter
20.
Shopgirl
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Shopgirl is a 2005 American romantic comedy drama film directed by Anand Tucker and starring Steve Martin, Claire Danes, and Jason Schwartzman. The screenplay by Steve Martin is based on his 2000 novella of the same name, the film is about a complex love triangle between a bored salesgirl, a wealthy businessman, and an aimless young man. The film went on to earn $11,112,077 and was nominated for four Satellite Awards, including Best Picture, Mirabelle Buttersfield, a transplanted Vermonter, is an aspiring artist and saleswoman at the evening gloves counter at Saks Fifth Avenue in Beverly Hills. Her quiet, orderly existence - filled with both the mundane and the serious - is disrupted by the appearance of two disparate men. Jeremy is an immature, awkward, socially inept, penniless twenty-something graphic designer for an amplifier manufacturer and aspiring typographer who enters Mirabelles life first. Mirabelle, aching for any kind of contact with someone else, gives him a chance. Ray Porter is an older, suave, well-dressed, wealthy. Ray charms Mirabelle over the course of a few dates, one of which ends at his house. Mirabelle offers herself to him, and the morning after they have sex Ray tells her that he does not intend for their relationship to be due to his constant traveling between L. A. and Seattle. Mirabelle and Ray embark on an affair, during which time Jeremy is working as a roadie for the band Hot Tears. Jeremy attempts to have one last liaison with Mirabelle before leaving, while on tour, the bands lead singer introduces Jeremy to the world of self-improvement and how to better relate to the opposite sex. Mirabelle becomes increasingly devoted to Ray, who showers her with gifts instead of emotional affection. When Mirabelles depression hits her hard, he takes her to the doctor, Ray invites Mirabelle on a trip to New York, and Ray has her fitted in the dress shop at Armani. During a business trip, Ray has dinner with an old girlfriend, during dinner she propositions him and he accepts. Ray confesses the liaison to Mirabelle, devastated, Mirabelle ends the relationship, abandons her trip to New York and visits Vermont instead. While she is basking in the warmth and familiarity of home, Ray calls to apologize for hurting her and he takes her to a large party where she is the youngest guest, and she feels alone and out of place. When they return to the room, Ray wants to be intimate. After returning to California, Mirabelle meets Jeremy by chance on the way to an art gallery show and her coworker Lisa mistakes Jeremy for Ray
21.
Stardust (2007 film)
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Stardust is a film adaptation of the 1999 Neil Gaiman novel of the same name, Stardust. The romantic fantasy film was directed by Matthew Vaughn and co-written by Vaughn. The film follows Tristan, a man from the fictional town of Wall. Wall is a town on the border of the fantasy kingdom of Stormhold. Tristan enters the world to collect a fallen star to give to his girlfriend Victoria. He collects the star who, to his surprise, is a woman named Yvaine, witches and the Princes of Stormhold are also hunting for Yvaine. Meanwhile Tristan tries to get her back to Wall with him before Victorias birthday, the film was released to positive reviews and grossed $135.6 million on a $70 million budget. In 2008, it won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Stardust was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and HD DVD on December 18,2007, by Paramount Home Entertainment. A village lies near a gap in a stone wall bordering the kingdom of Stormhold. The gap is guarded constantly, but Dunstan Thorn manages to go through and meets an enslaved princess and she offers him a glass snowdrop in exchange for a kiss, then invites him into her caravan. Nine months later, the Wall Guard delivers a baby to Dunstan, eighteen years later, the dying King of Stormhold throws a ruby into the sky, decreeing that his successor will be the first of his fratricidal sons to recover it. The gem hits a star, they together, and the remaining sons, Primus and Septimus. In Wall, Tristan sees the star fall and vows to get it for the object of his infatuation, Victoria, in return for her hand in marriage. Tristan learns that his mother is from beyond the wall, and receives a Babylon candle that she had left for him, Tristan lights it and is transported to the fallen star, personified as a beautiful woman named Yvaine. He promptly chains her to take her home to Victoria, three ancient witch sisters in Stormhold resolve to eat the fallen stars heart to recover their youth and replenish their powers. Their leader, Lamia, eats the remnants of an earlier stars heart and she conjures up a wayside inn as a trap. Yvaine becomes tired, so Tristan chains her to a tree, in his absence, a unicorn releases her, but unwittingly takes her to Lamias inn. Tristan discovers Yvaine gone, but the stars whisper that she is in danger, telling him to get on a passing coach, at the inn, they interrupt Lamias attempt to kill Yvaine
22.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
23.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
24.
Eliza Doolittle
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Eliza Doolittle is a fictional character from London who appears in the play Pygmalion and the musical version of that play, My Fair Lady. Eliza is a Cockney flower girl, who comes to Professor Henry Higgins asking for elocution lessons, Higgins goes along with it for the purposes of a wager, That he can turn her into the toast of elite London society. Her Cockney dialect includes words that are common among working class Londoners, such as aint, Doolittle receives voice coaching and learns the rules of etiquette. The outcome of these attentions varies between the play and the various adaptations. The part of Eliza was originally played by Mrs Patrick Campbell, shaw had written the role for her, and although many considered her too old for the role she triumphed. The unprecedented use of the word bloody - as a scripted intensive - caused a sensation when Campbell delivered it and her performance served as the definitive film portrayal until Audrey Hepburn played the role in the highly successful 1964 film musical My Fair Lady. Julie Andrews originated the musical version of Doolittle on stage in My Fair Lady, Harrison went on to reprise his role in the 1964 film alongside Audrey Hepburn as Doolittle. At the 37th Academy Awards, the award for Best Actress went to Andrews for her performance as Mary Poppins, despite this, many critics greatly applauded Hepburns exquisite performance. The happiest thing about, wrote Bosley Crowther, is that Audrey Hepburn superbly justifies the decision of Jack Warner to get her to play the title role. Her co-star Rex Harrison, also called Hepburn his favourite leading lady and she is Eliza for the ages, while adding, Everyone agreed that if Julie Andrews was not to be in the film, Audrey Hepburn was the perfect choice. Martine McCutcheon played the role in the 2001 London revival of My Fair Lady, one of the understudies was then-unknown First Lady of the West End Kerry Ellis. ELIZA, an intelligence program named after the character
25.
Pygmalion (play)
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Pygmalion is a play by George Bernard Shaw, named after a Greek mythological figure. It was first presented on stage to the public in 1913, the play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a commentary on womens independence. In ancient Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love one of his sculptures. Shaw would also have been familiar with the version, Galatea. Shaws play has been adapted numerous times, most notably as the musical My Fair Lady, Shaw wrote the play in early 1912 and read it to famed actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell in June. She came on board almost immediately, but her mild nervous breakdown contributed to the delay of a London production, Pygmalion premiered at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913, in a German translation by Shaws Viennese literary agent and acolyte, Siegfried Trebitsch. Its first New York production opened on 24 March 1914 at the German-language Irving Place Theatre and it opened in London on 11 April 1914, at Sir Herbert Beerbohm Trees His Majestys Theatre and starred Mrs. Campbell as Eliza and Tree as Higgins, running for 118 performances. Shaw directed the actors through tempestuous rehearsals often punctuated by at least one of the two storming out of the theatre in a rage, Shaw was conscious of the difficulties involved in staging a complete representation of the play. Of these, a scene at the end of Act One in which Eliza goes home. The others are the scene at the Embassy Ball in Act Three, neither the Gutenberg edition referenced throughout this page nor the Wikisource text linked below contain these sequences. Portico of Saint Pauls Church –11. 15p. m, a group of people are sheltering from the rain. Among them are the Eynsford-Hills, superficial social climbers eking out a living in poverty, consisting initially of Mrs. Eynsford-Hill. Claras brother Freddy enters having earlier been dispatched to them a cab. As he goes off again to find a cab, he bumps into a flower girl. Her flowers drop into the mud of Covent Garden, the flowers she needs to survive in her poverty-stricken world, shortly they are joined by a gentleman, Colonel Pickering. While Eliza tries to sell flowers to the Colonel, a bystander informs her that a man is writing down everything she says, the man is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics. Eliza worries that Higgins is an officer and will not calm down until Higgins introduces himself. Higgins tells Pickering that he could pass off the girl as a duchess merely by teaching her to speak properly
26.
Temple Grandin
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Mary Temple Grandin is an American professor of animal science at Colorado State University, consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior, and autism spokesperson. She is one of the first individuals on the spectrum to publicly share insights from her personal experience of autism. She invented the hug box device to calm those on the autism spectrum, in the 2010 Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, she was named in the Heroes category. She was the subject of the award-winning, semi-biographical film, Temple Grandin, Temple Grandin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a highly educated and wealthy family. Grandins parents subsequently divorced when she was 15 and her mother went on to marry Ben Cutler. Grandin has three siblings - two sisters and a brother, with Grandin being the oldest, Grandin has described one of her sisters as being dyslexic. Her other sister is a sculptor and her brother a banker, then they went into banking and when Jay Cookes firm collapsed they got thousands of acres of undeveloped land in North Dakota as collateral. They set up farming in the Red River Valley there with dormitories for the workers. Although raised in the Episcopal religion she early on gave up on a belief in a deity or intention in favor of what she considers a more scientific idea of God. Contrary to widely published reports, Grandin was never diagnosed with autism in childhood or in youth. When Grandin was in her mid-teens, her mother chanced upon a checklist on autism published by Dr. Bernard Rimland, completing the checklist, Grandins mother hypothesised that Grandins symptoms were best explained by autism. A formal diagnosis consistent with being on the spectrum was made only when Grandin was in her 40s. Grandins mother, Eustacia, took her to the leading special needs researchers at the Boston Childrens Hospital. Having the financial resources to hire specialists to ensure her daughter remained deinstitutionalised and they soon hired a speech therapist, and Grandin received personalised input from the age of 2 and a half. A nanny was also hired when Grandin was aged 3 to play games for hours with her. Her teachers and class worked towards adapting an environment easy for her to adjust to, Grandin did not begin talking until she was three and a half years old. She considers herself fortunate to have had supportive mentors from elementary school onward, even so, Grandin states that junior high and high school were the most unpleasant times of her life. The medical advice at the time for a diagnosis of autism was to recommend institutionalization and her father was keen to follow this advice while her mother was strongly opposed to the idea
27.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
28.
Temple Grandin (film)
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The film follows Temple Grandins life through a series of flashbacks. As a child, Grandin is uncommunicative and prone to tantrums and is diagnosed with autism, the medical consensus at that time was that autism is a form of schizophrenia resulting from insufficient maternal affection. Despite recommendations to place her in an institution, Grandins mother hires therapists, as a teenager, Temple travels to her aunt and uncles ranch to work. She observes cows being placed into a chute to calm them. Inspired by her teacher, Dr. Carlock to pursue science and her college misinterprets the use of the machine as a sexual act and forces her to remove it. In response, she develops a scientific protocol to test subjects reactions to the machine, Grandin graduates with a degree in psychology and pursues a masters degree in animal science. Ranch hands, not understanding her design, alter it, resulting in the drowning of a number of cows, Grandin reverses their changes, and the design works as intended. The conclusion of the film depicts an autism convention that Temple, given the rudimentary state of autism research, the speaker cannot answer many questions from the audience, but Temple speaks out from the crowd explaining how she has adapted. Temple also describes her mothers contributions to her success, excited by the opportunity to hear from someone with real experience, the audience calls her to the podium, marking Temples transition into autism advocacy. Claire Danes as Temple Grandin Catherine OHara as Aunt Ann, Temples aunt, as a teenager, Temple often visited her Arizona cattle ranch during the summer. Julia Ormond as Eustacia Grandin, Temples mother, when Temple was younger, Eustacia was in denial over the doctors diagnosis of Temples autism. Eustacia was determined to have her daughter receive an education and lead a normal life despite the diagnosis, David Strathairn as Dr. Carlock, Temples boarding school science teacher and mentor. Carlock was aware of Temples visual skills and was supportive in furthering her education, charles Baker as Billy, a worker at Aunt Anns farm. The idea for a biopic of Grandin originated with its executive producer Emily Gerson Saines, a talent agent. In the mid-1990s, Gerson Saines was a vice-president at the William Morris Agency when her 2-year-old son was diagnosed with autism, reading about Grandin renewed Gerson Saines energy, motivation and spirit in coping with her sons condition. Temples story brought me hope and s story gave me direction and purpose, parents of a child with autism everywhere need to hear it, functionally and spiritually. I knew this story had to be told and given my access as a talent representative in the entertainment industry, through Grandins agent, Gerson Saines asked to meet Grandin for lunch. She came in wearing her cowgirl shirt—-in her very Temple way, in her very Temple walk
29.
Carrie Mathison
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Carrie is a CIA officer who, while on assignment in Iraq, learned from a CIA asset that an American prisoner of war had been turned by al-Qaeda. After a U. S. Marine sergeant named Nicholas Brody is rescued from captivity, Carries investigation of Brody is complicated by her bipolar disorder and results in an obsession with her suspect. She is the actress to win all the five main TV acting awards for her performance in the Lead Drama Actress categories. Carrie Anne Mathison was an Arabic language student at Princeton University, in college, Carrie was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, for which she secretly began taking clozapine supplied by her older sister, Maggie. Moments before his execution, Hasan told Carrie that an American prisoner of war was turned by al-Qaeda figure Abu Nazir, Carries unauthorized dealings with Hasan led to an international incident, causing Estes to have her reassigned to the CIAs Counterterrorism Center in Langley, Virginia. Ten months after her reassignment, Carrie attends an emergency meeting and learns that Nicholas Brody. Carrie tells Saul about Hasans claims, and expresses concern that Brody is the POW he was describing, with the CIA having no cause to investigate Brody, Carrie conducts her own unauthorized surveillance using a one-month FISA warrant delivered by Saul. Initially, Carrie finds no evidence of Brodys involvement with terrorism, when her FISA warrant expires, Carrie takes to making personal contact with Brody instead. She bumps into Brody at a support group, where they strike up a conversation. Brody asks Carrie to have a drink with him one night, the next day, he is brought in to Langley for a polygraph test over the apparent suicide of Afsal Hamid, a detained terrorist with whom Brody had a violent confrontation. Carrie, suspicious of Brodys replies, orders the interviewer to ask if hes ever been unfaithful to his wife, Brody says no, beating the polygraph. Afterwards, Carrie and Brody drive to her familys secluded cabin to spend the weekend together, as Brody leaves, Saul contacts Carrie and informs her that Walker is alive and was the POW who was turned. Carrie tries to apologize to Brody, but he rebuffs her, the investigation into Walker leads Carrie and Saul to Mansour al-Zahrani, a Saudi diplomat who acts as Nazirs intermediary. Carrie blackmails al-Zahrani into arranging a meeting with Walker at Farragut Square, however, the meet ends in disaster when Walker detonates a briefcase bomb carried by a double, killing al-Zahrani and three bystanders. Carrie is injured in the explosion, leading to a manic episode that causes her to be hospitalized. Upon learning of her affair with Brody, Estes — already under pressure by Vice President William Walden to find a scapegoat for the bombing — dismisses Carrie from the CIA, Carrie deduces the target of Walker and Nazirs upcoming attack, Waldens upcoming policy summit at the State Department. When Walker stages an attack on the dignitaries, Brody, Walden. Carrie realizes that the shooting is a diversion from the attack, in which Brody will bomb the bunker with a suicide vest
30.
Showtime (TV network)
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The Showtime brand is used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to the group of eight multiplex channels in the United States. As of July 2015, Showtimes programming is available to approximately 28.693 million television households in the United States, the channel and its corresponding networks are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York Citys Broadway district. The following week on July 8, Showtime launched on Viacom Cablevisions system in Dublin, California, the first program and television special to be broadcast on Showtime was Celebration, a concert special featuring performances by Rod Stewart, Pink Floyd and ABBA. By the end of its first year on the air, Showtime had a total of 55,000 subscribers nationwide. On March 7,1978, Showtime became a nationally distributed service after it was uplinked to satellite, turning it into a competitor with HBO, in 1979, Viacom sold a 50% ownership interest in Showtime to the TelePrompTer Corporation. On July 4,1981, Showtime adopted a 24-hour programming schedule,1982 saw the premiere of Showtimes first made-for-cable movie Falcons Gold and its first original series and childrens program Faerie Tale Theatre. The three companies announced their agreement in principle to acquire interests in TMC on November 11,1982. Subsequently, in late December of that year, the U. S. Department of Justice launched a preliminary inquiry into the proposed partnership. On January 7,1983, Viacom International added itself as a partner, under the revised proposal, the four studios would each own a 22. 58% stake in the two networks, with American Express owning a 9. 68% minority interest. In addition, the consortium would appoint a management team separate from those employed by the two channels – which would continue to operate as separate services – to operate the joint venture, on August 10,1985, after Time Inc. and cable provider Tele-Communications Inc. The subsidiary was renamed Showtime Networks, Inc. in 1988, also in 1988, the company formed Showtime Event Television as a pay-per-view distributor of special event programming. In 1990, Showtime ventured into acquiring and premiering independent films exclusively for the channel as part of the 30-Minute Movie short film anthology series. One of its first premieres,12,01 PM, was nominated for an Academy Award, in the years that followed, Showtime expanded its acquisitions into the realm of feature-length fare, including the Adrian Lyne-directed 1997 remake of Lolita. In 2000, Showtime launched Showtime Interactive 24.7, a service that provided DVD-style interaction of its entertainment offerings. On June 14,2005, Viacom decided to separate itself into two companies, both of which would be controlled by Viacom parent National Amusements, amid stagnation of the stock price. A new company assumed the Viacom name kept Paramount Pictures, the MTV Networks and BET Networks cable divisions. Showtime broadcasts its primary and multiplex channels on both Eastern and Pacific Time Zone schedules and this planned extension to the multiplex did not come to fruition – although a third multiplex service, Showtime 3, would make its debut in 1996. Three additional themed channels made their debut in March 2001, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next and Showtime Women do not have distribution by most pay television providers as extensive as the other Showtime multiplex channels
31.
Homeland (TV series)
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Homeland is an American crime thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War, which was created by Gideon Raff. The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison, a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder, and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody, a U. S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper. Mathison had come to believe that Brody, who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war, was turned by the enemy, the series is broadcast in the U. S. on the cable channel Showtime, and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios. It premiered on October 2,2011, the first episode was made available online, more than two weeks before the television broadcast, with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access. On October 22,2013, Showtime renewed Homeland for a fourth season, on November 10,2014, Showtime renewed the series for a 12-episode fifth season that premiered on October 4,2015. On December 9,2015, the series was renewed for a sixth season, the sixth season debuted on January 15,2017. The series has also renewed for a seventh and eighth season. In Iraq, Carrie was warned by an asset that an American prisoner of war had been turned by al-Qaeda, Carries job grows complicated when her boss, Director of the Counterterrorism Center David Estes, calls Carrie and her colleagues in for an emergency briefing. Carrie comes to believe that Brody is the American prisoner of war whom her asset in Iraq was talking about, however, the federal government and her superiors at the CIA consider Brody a war hero. Later, another Marine, Tom Walker is also rescued casting doubt on which of the Marines is the suspected spy. Realizing it would be impossible to convince her boss to place Brody under surveillance, Carrie approaches the only other person she can trust, her mentor. The two must now work together to investigate Brody and prevent another terrorist attack on American soil, the second season follows Carrie and the CIA working with Brody to capture Abu Nazir. Discovering a video of Brodys confession during a CIA operation in Lebanon, Carrie and Saul, along with analyst Peter Quinn, Brody gives in to the CIA interrogation and is now an asset for the CIA, sending information to both sides. The downside of being an agent as well as a rising Congressman with the Vice Presidents support brings Brody closer to Carrie while worsening his relationship with his family. Brodys friend Mike tries to find the truth behind Tom Walkers death, seemingly free of being Nazirs man, Brody celebrates with Carrie at the CIA headquarters and both survive an explosion that kills Director Estes and many others. Brody then flees the U. S. with Carries help, Saul, who was attending the burying of Nazirs body at sea, is left to pick up the pieces. The beginning of season 3 presents the aftermath of a terrorist attack committed by Abu Nazirs people, Carrie is blamed for the CIAs failings as Senator Lockhart grills Saul, now Acting Director of the CIA, in front of the Senate Committee. However, it turned out to be part of a bigger plot and he later relayed the information to Carrie that the main perpetrator of the bombing was still in the U. S. and the CIA acted to bring the real bomber and the officers lawyers in for questioning
32.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
33.
Rhode Island School of Design
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Rhode Island School of Design is a fine arts and design college located in Providence, in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. Founded in 1877, it is located at the base of College Hill, the two institutions share social, academic, and community resources and offer joint courses. Applicants to RISD are required to complete RISDs two-drawing hometest and it includes, on the Fall 2015 term, about 470 faculty and curators, and 400 staff members. About 2,014 undergraduates and 467 graduate students enroll from all over the United States and 57 other countries and it offers 16 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate majors. RISD is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design and it also maintains over 80,000 works of art in the RISD Museum. The Centennial Women were a group formed to raise funds for a separate Womens Pavilion showcasing womens work at the 1876 Centennial Exposition, the Rhode Island Centennial Women submitted their newspaper, Herald of the Century, to this Womens Pavilions library. At the end of the Worlds Fair, the RI Centennial Women had $1,675 left over, the school was incorporated in March 1877 and opened its doors the following fall at the Hoppin Homestead in downtown Providence, RI. Metcalf directed the school until her death in 1895 and her daughter, Eliza Greene Metcalf Radeke, then took over until her death in 1931. The Rhode Island General Assembly ratified An Act to Incorporate the Rhode Island School of Design on March 22,1877, the systematic training of students in the practice of Art, in order that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others, or become artists. The general advancement of public Art Education, by the exhibition of works of Art and of Art school studies, Architecture – B. F. A. /B. Arch, M. Arch Ceramics – B. F. A. Interior Architecture – M. A. Department of Interior Architecture, Degree in Interior Studies, teaching & Learning in Art & Design – M. F. A. RISD is annually ranked as the top art and design school in the United States, U. S. News & World Report ranked RISD first amongst Fine Arts programs, above Yale University and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In 2015 and 2016, RISD has been ranked 3rd by the QS World University Rankings amongst Art & Design programs. Within subdivisions of Fine Arts, the school was ranked 1st in graphic design, printmaking and industrial design, 2nd in painting and its undergraduate architecture program ranked 7 in DesignIntelligences ranking of the Top Architecture Schools in the US for 2017. Concentrations at RISD do not confer a degree, they act like minors at other education institutions, History, Philosophy, Social Sciences English Art History Liberal Arts The RISD Museum houses a collection of fine and decorative art objects. The first public galleries opened in 1893, founded in 1878, the RISD Library is one of the oldest independent art college libraries in the country. Its more than 145,000 volumes and 380 periodical subscriptions offer unusual depth and richness in the areas of architecture, art, design, the collection provides strong historical and contemporary perspectives, and materials in landscape architecture, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry support upper-level research. The library is noted for its artist’s book collection, its rare books
34.
Elizabeth, New Jersey
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Elizabeth is both the largest city and the county seat of Union County, in New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 124,969. The population increased by 4,401 from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 10,566 from the 110,002 counted in the 1990 Census. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 129,007, in 2008, Elizabeth was named one of Americas 50 Greenest Cities by Popular Science magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected. Elizabeth, originally called Elizabethtown and part of the Elizabethtown Tract, was founded in 1664 by English settlers. The town was not named for Queen Elizabeth I as many people may assume and she was the daughter of Philippe de Carteret II, 3rd Seigneur de Sark and Anne Dowse. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey, after independence, it was from Elizabethtown that George Washington embarked by boat to Manhattan for his 1789 inauguration. There are numerous memorials and monuments of the American Revolution in Elizabeth, on March 19,1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4,1861, the first major industry, the Singer Sewing Machine Company came to Elizabeth and employed as many as 2,000 people. In 1895, it saw one of the first car companies, the Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth, New Jersey, beginning with the launch of USS Holland in 1897. These pioneering naval craft were developed at Lewis Nixons Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth between the years 1896–1903, Elizabeth grew in parallel to its sister city of Newark for many years, but has been more successful in retaining a middle-class presence and was mostly spared riots in the 1960s. On September 18,2016, a backpack holding five bombs was discovered outside NJ Transits Elizabeth train station, one bomb detonated accidentally when a bomb squad robot failed to disarm the contents of the backpack, no one was hurt. Police were initially unsure if this event was related to bombs in Seaside Park, New Jersey and Manhattan that had exploded the previous day. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 13.464 square miles. Elizabeth is bordered to the southwest by Linden, to the west by Roselle and Roselle Park, to the northwest by Union and Hillside, to the east the city is across the Newark Bay from Bayonne in Hudson County and the Arthur Kill from Staten Island, New York. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Elizabethport, the city of Elizabeth has several distinct districts and neighborhoods. Midtown also occasionally known as Uptown, is the commercial district. It includes the First Presbyterian Church and St. Johns Episcopal Church, the First Presbyterian Church was a battleground for the American Revolution
35.
Fashion Institute of Technology
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It was founded in 1944, accredited in 1957, and is ranked among the top five fashion schools in the world. It has an enrollment of more than 9,567 students, in 1967 FIT faculty and staff won the first higher education union contract in New York State. Since that time the UCE-FIT has continued to define and protect the working conditions of its members, seventeen majors are offered through the School of Art and Design, and ten through the Jay and Patty Baker School of Business and Technology leading to the A. A. S. The School of Liberal Arts offers a BS degree in art history and museum professions, the School of Graduate Studies offers seven programs leading to the Master of Arts, Master of Fine Arts or Master of Professional Studies degree. In addition to the programs, FIT offers a wide selection of non-credit courses through the Center for Professional Studies. One of the most popular programs is the Sew Like a Pro series, FIT publishes research on store branding and store positioning. The nine-building campus includes classrooms, television and radio studios, labs, design workshops, the campus has a Barnes & Noble College Bookstore. The Conference Center at FIT features the John E. Reeves Great Hall, a suitable for conferences, fashion shows, lectures. The campus also has two theatres, the Haft Auditorium and the Katie Murphy Amphitheatre. FIT serves over 7,578 full-time and 2,186 part-time students, four dormitories, three of which are on-campus, serve approximately 2,300 students and offer a variety of accommodations. The campus also has a retail food court/dining hall, a deli, the Gladys Marcus Library provides access to books, periodicals, DVDs and non-print materials, and houses Fashion Institute of Technology Special Collections and College Archives. FIT also has computer labs for student use. The Instructional Media Services Department provides audiovisual and TV support and an in-house TV studio, student work is also displayed throughout the campus. Fashion shows featuring the work of graduating B. F. A, the Design/Research Lighting Laboratory, a development facility for interior design and other academic disciplines, features 400 commercially available lighting fixtures controlled by a computer. The Annette Green/Fragrance Foundation Laboratory is an environment for the study of fragrance development, well-known alumni of the school include the fashion designers Norma Kamali, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors, interior designer Scott Salvator and the film director Joel Schumacher. The Museum at FIT, founded in 1969 as the Design Laboratory, includes collections of clothing, textiles, in 1993, the Board of Trustees of FIT, noting the significance of the Design Laboratory’s collections and exhibitions, changed the institutions name to The Museum at FIT. In 2012, the Museum was awarded accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums, the Museum’s permanent collection now includes more than 50,000 garments and accessories from the 18th century to the present. Important designers such as Adrian, Balenciaga, Chanel, and Dior are represented, the collecting policy of the Museum focuses on aesthetically and historically significant clothing, accessories, textiles and visual materials, with emphasis on contemporary avant-garde fashion
36.
Master's degree
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A masters degree normally requires previous study at the bachelors level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. The original meaning of the degree was thus that someone who had been admitted to the rank of master in one university should be admitted to the same rank in other universities. This gradually became formalised as the licentia docendi, initially, the Bachelor of Arts was awarded for the study of the trivium and the Master of Arts for the study of the quadrivium. The nineteenth century saw an expansion in the variety of masters degrees offered. By 1861 this had been adopted throughout Scotland as well as by Cambridge and Durham in England, when the Philadelphia College of Surgeons was established in 1870, it too conferred the Master of Surgery, the same as that in Europe. In the United States, the first masters degrees were awarded at Harvard University soon after its foundation, at Harvard the 1700 regulations required that candidates for the masters degree had to pass a public examination, but by 1835 this was awarded Oxbridge-style 3 years after the BA. In Scotland, Edinburgh maintained separate BA and MA degrees until the mid nineteenth century, in Scotland all the statutes of the Universities which enforced conditions on the grant of degrees were a dead letter. Probably the most important masters degree introduced in the 19th century was the Master of Science, at the University of Michigan this was introduced in two forms in 1858, in course, first awarded in 1859, and on examination, first awarded in 1862. The in course MS was last awarded in 1876, in Britain, however, the degree took a while longer to arrive. The same two degrees, again omitting the masters, were awarded at Edinburgh, despite the MA being the undergraduate degree for Arts in Scotland. In 1862, a Royal Commission suggested that Durham should award masters degrees in theology and science and this scheme would appear to have then been quietly dropped, with Oxford going on to award BAs and MAs in science. The Master of Science degree was introduced in Britain in 1878 at Durham. At the Victoria University both the MA and MSc followed the lead of Durhams MA in requiring an examination for those with an ordinary bachelors degree. The Bologna declaration in 1999 started the Bologna Process, leading to the creation of the European Higher Education Area, as the process continued, descriptors were introduced for all three levels in 2004, and ECTS credit guidelines were developed. This led to questions as to the status of the masters degrees. In 1903, the London Daily News criticised the practice of Oxford and Cambridge, calling their MAs the most stupendous of academic frauds, in 1900, Dartmouth College introduced the Master of Commercial Science, first awarded in 1902. This was the first masters degree in business, the forerunner of the modern MBA, the idea quickly crossed the Atlantic, with Manchester establishing a Faculty of Commerce, awarding Bachelor and Master of Commerce degrees, in 1903. Over the first half of the century the masters degrees for honours graduates vanished as honours degrees became the standard undergraduate qualification in the UK
37.
Hunter College
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Hunter College, located in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of the Upper East Side of Manhattan, is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York, an American public university. The College offers studies in more than an undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also administers Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School, Hunter was founded in 1870 as a womens college. The main campus has been located on Park Avenue since 1873, in 2012, Hunter announced a partnership with Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center and plans to develop a shared health-science campus on East 74th Street. The college is the one in the nation whose roster of alumni includes two female Nobel laureates in medicine. Hunter College has its origins in the 19th-century movement for normal school training which swept across the United States, Hunter descends from the Female Normal and High School, established in New York City in 1870. Founded by Irish immigrant Thomas Hunter, who was president of the school during the first 37 years, it was originally a womens college for training teachers. The school, which was housed in an armory and saddle store at Broadway and East Fourth Street in Manhattan, was open to all qualified women, irrespective of race, at the time most womens colleges had racial or ethno-religious admissions criteria. Created by the New York State Legislature, Hunter was deemed the only approved institution for those seeking to teach in New York City, the school incorporated an elementary and high school for gifted children, where students practiced teaching. In 1887, a kindergarten was established as well, the first female professor at the school, Helen Gray Cone, was elected to the position in 1899. The hall was designed by the architect Snyder. In 1888 the school was incorporated as a college under the statutes of New York State, after 1902 when the Normal course of study was abolished, the Academic course became standard across the student body. In 1914 the Normal College became Hunter College in honor of its first president, at the same time, the college was experiencing a period of great expansion as increasing student enrollments necessitated more space. The college reacted by establishing branches in the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, by 1920, Hunter College had the largest enrollment of women of any municipally financed college in the United States. In 1930, Hunters Brooklyn campus merged with City Colleges Brooklyn campus, between 1938 and 1939 the garden at Park Avenue was given up for the construction of the north building. The expansion also destroyed a part of the neo-gothic original structure. Only the back part facing Lexington Avenue between 68th and 69th street remain from the original building, the late 1930s saw the construction of Hunter College in the Bronx. During the Second World War, Hunter leased the Bronx Campus buildings to the United States Navy who used the facilities to train 95,000 women volunteers for service as WAVES
