Clarendon is a city in, the county seat of, Monroe County, United States. Located in the Arkansas Delta, the city's position on the White River at the mouth of the Cache River has defined the community since first incorporating in 1859. Although the river has brought devastation and disaster to the city throughout history, it has provided economic opportunities, transportation and tourism to the city. Once home to a variety of industries, today Clarendon's economy is based on agriculture. Similar to many Delta communities, the city's population has been dwindling since mechanization on the farm reduced the number of agricultural-related jobs in the area. At the 2010 Census, the population was 1,664, the lowest value recorded since 1890; the area around Clarendon was populated by various Native American groups. By 1799, French hunters and trappers had built cabins at the mouth of the Cache River, it was the point where The Military Road from Memphis, Tennessee to Little Rock crossed the White River.
The Military Road was begun in 1826 and completed in 1828. By that date, a ferry crossing and post office had been established in Clarendon, the town served as the terminus for a stagecoach line to the west; the Military Road was used as the route for some groups of Native Americans being relocated from eastern states to Oklahoma during the forced relocations known as the Trail of Tears. A railroad bridge across the White River was constructed in 1883 by the St. Louis Railway; the city of Clarendon was incorporated in 1859. In 1864, the city was burned to the ground by Union forces in retaliation for the sinking of the tinclad Union gunboat USS Queen City by forces under the command of Confederate Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby; the town's charter was dissolved in 1884, it was reincorporated in 1898. In the early 1900s, Clarendon developed a number of industries, including lumber and barrels, buttons made from the shells of the area's plentiful freshwater mussels; the mussels provided freshwater pearls, which were bought and sold at the Clarendon Pearl Market.
The Moss Brothers Bat Company supplied baseball bats to a number of major league baseball players during this era. Like most of eastern Arkansas, Clarendon was devastated by the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927; the main levee at Clarendon held until the White River reached a height of 38.5 feet, 8.5 above normal flood stage. While no fatalities were reported, the town was inundated by water up to the second floor of many buildings, the catastrophic inrush of water when the levee broke caused considerable damage to many buildings; the cleanup of mud and debris took many years. The area around Clarendon today is agricultural; the reported rediscovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in 2004-2005 in the Cache River and White River National Wildlife Refuges has brought new attention to the area. Clarendon is located at 34°41′39″N 91°18′30″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles, of which 1.8 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles is water. Clarendon is located at the mouth of the Cache River.
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clarendon has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters; as of the census of 2000, there were 1,960 people, 814 households, 520 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,072.9 people per square mile. There were 925 housing units at an average density of 506.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 68.47% White, 30.20% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.82% from two or more races. 2.35 % of the population were Latino of any race. There were 814 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.7% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the city, the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $22,927, the median income for a family was $30,250. Males had a median income of $25,972 versus $18,125 for females; the per capita income for the city was $11,902. About 20.8% of families and 28.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.4% of those under age 18 and 26.5% of those age 65 or over. The economy of Clarendon is defined by the agricultural sector; the city and Clarendon School District are key employers in the city. Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Clarendon School District, which includes: Clarendon Elementary School, serving prekindergarten through grade 6.
Clarendon High School, serving grades 7 through 12. The Mid-Delta Health Center in Clarendon provides medical and dental service
Fulton County Health Center is a rural critical access hospital. It serves the community of Fulton County, is located in Wauseon Ohio. U. S. News & World Report collates the number of patients seen by the hospital annually, as follows: The FCHC facility is equipped as a general medical and surgery hospital, with the following special units: The FCHC campus covers 28 acres. On the grounds are additional facilities that together comprise a complete health care center for the community, they include: A fitness center is located within a rehabilitation facility in Wauseon's historic downtown business district, near the original Wauseon City Hospital. The hospital's sleep lab has been expanded off-campus to Swanton, Ohio with two more beds, which doubles the capacity of FCHC's sleep medicine department. FCHC has published a newsletter since 2009 named "Health Centering,", mailed quarterly to residents in the community. PDF versions are available on the website, these past issues contain a rich history of the hospital.
1903: Wauseon's first City Hospital was built as Wauseon High School in 1868. When the school moved, the building was converted and used as a hospital in 1903; the old hospital still stands today and houses the Fulton County Ohio Historical Society.1930: Detwiler Memorial Hospital was built in 1929 and opened in 1930. After a new hospital was built across the road, the county converted the hospital into a nursing home called Detwiler Manor; the manor moved across the road to facilities on the current hospital campus. The beautiful historic brick building was renovated, once again re-purposed, now houses the Fulton County's Job & Family Services offices; the government of Fulton County, Ohio owns the campus property.1973: The current hospital facility opened in 1973, was progressive in design, featuring single-patient private rooms. Private rooms, while expensive to build, keep patients safer from hospital-acquired infections like MRSA. While built a size large enough to house 106 beds, changing community needs has resulted in FCHC now having only a maximum 25 bed in-patient capacity, complying with federal Critical Access Hospital guidelines.
Many of the former patient rooms have been converted to other uses. 1996: The 1990s saw the former hospital across the road, now serving as Detwiler Manor, becoming dated. New nursing home facilities were built on the hospital campus, Fulton Manor and Fulton Suites opened in 1996.2001: A 31,000 square foot Medical Offices Building was added onto the main hospital building in 2001. It contains medical offices, a surgery center, the Rainbow Hematology Oncology Center; the oncology center saw about 3,700 patients per year before moving to the new facility.2007: As the community grew, the emergency room was filled to capacity at least once a week, multiple times per day. A new emergency department, furnished with a trauma room and a pediatric care room, was built in 2007. A new outpatient surgery facility was included; the three-story addition covers 60,000 square feet. 2007 seen new construction completed for a kidney dialysis center on the campus grounds, funded by Dorthy Biddle's estate, after she died at age 106.
Residents of Fulton County had to drive to Bryan, Defiance, or Toledo three times a week for dialysis.2015: FCHC formed the Vantage Healthcare of Ohio, LLC collaborative with seven other hospitals from Northwest Ohio as a means to pool resources and overall save money. The partnership includes Bellevue Hospital, Blanchard Valley Health Systems, Community Hospitals and Wellness Centers, Fisher-Titus Medical Center, Henry County Hospital, Magruder Memorial Hospital, Wood County Hospital. 2016: Expansion continues today, with 69,000 square feet of medical offices being added presently, with completion planned for late 2016 or early 2017. The cost is estimated to be $6,500,000. A Health Care Camp is held in the summer for high school students contemplating see health care as a career, it is coordinated with school districts from Wauseon, Napoleon, Pettisville, Liberty Center, Toledo, by an adjunct faculty member at Jackson College in Jackson, Michigan. FCHC carries the Women’s Choice Award seal.
It ranks as one of the top 100 hospitals in America, as determined by health care ratings collated by the U. S. Department of Health & Human Services' Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems database; the Fulton Manor received an award from Design Magazine for the layout of their patient rooms. In 2015, the hospital's Director of Nursing received the Ohio Organization of Nurse Executives Nurse Leadership Award. FCHC is accredited by The Joint Commission; the Rainbow Hematology Oncology Treatment Center is accredited by the Commission on Cancer since 1993
Oleochemistry is the study of vegetable oils and animal oils and fats, oleochemicals derived from these fats and oils or from petrochemical feedstocks through physico-chemical modifications or transformation. First used in the making of soaps, oleochemistry is now part of our daily lives where it is found in a wide variety of sectors like food, cosmetics and industrial; the resulting product can be called Oleochemicals. They are analogous to petrochemicals derived from petroleum; the formation of basic oleochemical substances like fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, fatty amines and glycerols are by various chemical and enzymatic reactions. Intermediate chemical substances produced from these basic oleochemical substances include alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts, monoacylglycerols, structured triacylglycerols, sugar esters, other oleochemical products; as the price of crude oil rose in the late 1970s, manufacturers switched from petrochemicals to oleochemicals because plant-based lauric oils processed from palm kernel oil were cheaper.
Since palm kernel oil is predominantly used in the production of laundry detergent and personal care items like toothpaste, soap bars, shower cream and shampoo. Important processeses in oleochemical manufacturing include hydrolosis and transesterification, among others; the splitting of the triglycerides produces fatty acids and glycerol: RCO2CH2–CHO2CR–CH2O2CR + 3 H2O → 3 RCOOH + HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OHThe addition of base helps the reaction proceed more the process being saponification. Fats react with alcohols instead of with water in hydrolysis) in a process called transesterification. Glycerol is produced together with the fatty acid esters. Most the reaction entails the use of methanol to give fatty acid methyl esters: RCO2CH2–CHO2CR–CH2O2CR + 3 MeOH → 3 RCO2Me + HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OHFAMEs are less viscous than the precursor fats and can be purified to give the individual fatty acid esters, e.g. methyl oleate vs methyl palmitate. The fatty acid or fatty esters produced by these methods may be transformed.
For example, hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids. The acids or esters can be reduced to the fatty alcohols. For some applications, fatty acids are converted to fatty nitriles. Hydrogenated of these nitriles gives fatty amines, which have a variety of applications; the largest application for oleochemicals, about 30% of market share for fatty acids and 55% for fatty alcohols, is for making soaps and detergents. Lauric acid, used to produce sodium lauryl sulfate and related compounds, which are used to make soaps and other personal care products. Other applications of oleochemicals include the production of lubricants, solvents and bioplastics. Due to the use of methyl esters in biodiesel production, they represent the fastest growing sub-sector of oleochemical production in recent years. Through the 1996 creation of Novance and the 2008 acquisition of Oleon, Avril Group has dominated the European market of oleochemistry Southeast Asian countries' rapid production growth of palm oil and palm kernel oil in the 1980s spurred the oleochemical industry in Malaysia and Thailand.
Many oleochemical plants were built. Though a nascent and small industry when pitted against big detergent giants in the US and Europe, oleochemical companies in southeast Asia had competitive edge in cheap ingredients; the US fatty chemical industry found it difficult to maintain acceptable levels of profits. Competition was intense with market shares divided among many companies there where neither imports nor exports played a significant role. By the late 1990s, giants like Henkel and Petrofina sold their oleochemical factories to focus on higher profit activities like retail of consumer goods. Since the Europe outbreak of'mad cow disease' or in 2000, tallow is replaced for many uses by vegetable oleic fatty acids, such as palm kernel and coconut oils
Richery's expedition was a French naval operation during 1795 and 1796 as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The operation was comprised two separate cruises. Forced to anchor at Cádiz, the French squadron was subsequently blockaded in the port for a year. Richery was enabled to escape in August 1796 by a Spanish fleet, went on to attack British fisheries off Newfoundland and Labrador before returning to France having inflicted severe damage to British Atlantic trade; the operation was launched in the autumn of 1795, following a series of defeats for the French Mediterranean Fleet. Responding to a request from the Atlantic fleet for reinforcements, a squadron of ships of the line was sent from Toulon, with orders to raid British shipping in the Caribbean and North Atlantic and return to Brest. Command of the squadron was given to Commodore Joseph de Richery in the 80-gun Victoire; the squadron evaded British pursuit, on 7 October off Cape St Vincent on the coast of Portugal Richery discovered a large British convoy from the Eastern Mediterranean.
Richery attacked the convoy, defeated the escort and captured a British ship of the line and 30 merchant ships, carrying his prizes into the friendly neutral port of Cádiz. Richery was subject to a blockade by a British squadron until July 1796, when it was temporarily lifted. Taking advantage of the absence of British warships, Richery sailed under cover of a Spanish fleet, separating once at sea and sailing across the Atlantic to the valuable fishing grounds off the British colonies of Newfoundland and Maritime Canada. In a series of devastating raids on undefended fishing communities and shipping, Richery was able to destroy or capture most of the region's fishing infrastructure and more than a hundred British ships before returning to France in November, evading pursuit by British blockade squadrons; the French Navy had suffered a series of losses in the first years of the French Revolutionary Wars, with substantial numbers of ships captured or destroyed at the Siege of Toulon, Glorious First of June and the Croisière du Grand Hiver.
In the spring of 1795 the Atlantic fleet lost three more ships at the Battle of Groix and three more were lost in the Mediterranean at the battles of Genoa and Hyères Islands. In an effort to rebalance these losses and inflict economic damage on British commerce, orders were sent for a squadron from the Mediterranean Fleet to sail to the Caribbean, land troops at Saint-Domingue, attack shipping off Jamaica and destroy the cod fisheries off Newfoundland and the Canadian Maritimes; this force would return to Brest via the Azores, in order to augment the Atlantic Fleet. The commander of the Mediterranean Fleet, Pierre Martin, designated a squadron for this operation under Commodore Joseph de Richery; the force comprised six ships of the line and three frigates, led by the 80-gun Victoire, departed Toulon on 14 September 1795. Toulon was under blockade at the time by the Royal Navy Mediterranean Fleet under Admiral William Hotham based at San Fiorenzo on Corsica, although the blockade was only loosely enforced and Hotham was not aware that Richery had sailed until 22 September.
Richery sailed westwards through the Mediterranean unopposed, past Gibraltar and out into the Atlantic. On 7 October, while off Cape St Vincent on the coast of Portugal, sails were sighted to the southwest and Richery took his squadron in pursuit; these sails were soon revealed to be the annual British convoy from the Levant, a large collection of merchant vessels from the Eastern Mediterranean sailing for Britain. The convoy was escorted by a small squadron under Commodore Thomas Taylor, who formed line with his three ships of the line to hold the French off and allow the convoy to scatter. Richery sent his frigates ahead to attack the fleeing merchant ships, while his main squadron bore down on the outnumbered British warships; the rearmost ship of the British line was the 74-gun HMS Censeur, a French-built ship captured by the British off Genoa in March and still in a disabled condition. The ship mounted only jury masts and was armed en flute, carrying insufficient gunpowder to sustain any significant engagement.
As the British formed up, the fore topmast on Censeur collapsed, causing the ship to fall behind its companions. Richery focused his attack on the disabled ship. After a brief exchange of fire with the stern-chaser guns on HMS Fortitude and HMS Bedford and the frigate HMS Lutine, Taylor pulled out of range and Censeur was abandoned. In a short action the remaining topmasts of the British ship were knocked down and Captain John Gore struck his flag and surrendered; the unprotected merchant ships were overrun by Richery's warships. Richery carried his prizes back towards the Spanish coast, reaching the neutral but friendly naval port of Cádiz. Agreements between France and Spain limited the number of French ships permitted in harbour to three, the remainder anchoring at Rota instead. Shortly after arrival a British squadron sent by Hotham arrived off Cádiz; this force was under the command of Rear-Admiral Robert Mann and comprised six ships of the line and two frigates. Mann instituted a blockade of Cádiz, cruising off the port in anticipation of Richery's departure.
While at anchor in Cádiz, Richery was promoted to contre-amiral. At Rota the squadron was more exposed to the weather than they would have been in Cádiz, on 17 December a storm swept the bay, driving Victoire, Duquesne and Révolution onto the shore. All three were badly damaged and required extensive
Beverly Swerling was an American writer of historical fiction. Born in Boston, Beverly Swerling grew up in nearby Revere, Massachusetts living with her parents in the boarding house they ran. After attending college in Kansas City Swerling relocated to New York City to pursue a writing career, working at an insurance agency until established as a freelance journalist. For a time Swerling was the director of a Boston-area halfway house for female ex-cons, an experience which formed the basis of her first published book: The Love Seekers, a work of non-fiction published in 1966; the Love Seekers was credited to Beverly Byrne, which name was utilized in Swerling's journalistic bylines, Byrne having become Swerling's surname via a brief marriage during a European sojourn. In 1978 Swerling emigrated, accompanied by William F Martin of Manhattan whom she had married: the couple would live abroad for some twenty-five years on the Isle of Wight and on Lanzarote and on a houseboat in France, it was during this period that Swerling became a published novelist with her debut novel: the whodunit Murder on the Menu, being issued in 1980 as was Jemma, the last-named moving Swerling into the historical fiction genre which would be the mainstay of her novelistic output.
These first two novels were both softcover originals credited to Beverly Byrne: among eight subsequent softcovers "Beverly Byrne" had two novels published in hardcover: Women's Rites and A Matter of Time, in 1989 Swerling had a third hardcover novel: Juffie Kane published, that book being credited to Beverly S. Martin. A second Beverly S. Martin novel: Mollie Pride, was published in softcover in 1991. Ten years after the 1992 publication of her final novel as Beverly Byrne, Swerling - now returned to New York City with her husband - had her first novel written as Beverly Swerling appear in 2001, that being City of Dreams, the first of four novels set in New York City from its 17th century founding til the "Gilded Age": all four novels were published as hardcovers, as were two other Beverly Swerling novels. Having moved from New York City to Philadelphia with her husband, Swerling subsequent to her husband's 29 January 2015 demise spent her final years in Woodbury, where she died 3 December 2018 due to pancreatic cancer.
As Beverly Byrne ALL TITLES ARE ORIGINAL SOFTCOVERS IF NOT OTHERWISE NOTED The Love Seekers Murder on the Menu ISBN 978-0-8439-0787-2 Jemma ISBN 978-0-449-14375-9 The Outcast: The Griffin Saga Vol 1 ISBN 978-0-449-14396-4 The Adventurer: The Griffin Saga Vol 2 ISBN 978-0-449-14452-7 Women's Rites hardcover ISBN 978-0-394-5427-4: softcover ISBN 978-0-449-12903-6 Jason's People ISBN 978-0-449-12455-0 A Matter of Time hardcover ISBN 978-0-394-56287-2: softcover ISBN 978-0-449-13437-5 Come Sunrise ISBN 978-0-449-13230-2 The Morgan Women ISBN 978-0-553-28468-3 A Lasting Fire ISBN 978-0-553-28815-5 The Flames of Vengeance ISBN 978-0-553-29375-3 The Firebirds ISBN 978-0553-29613-6 as Beverly S. Martin Juffie Kane hardcover ISBN 978-0-553-05345-6: softcover ISBN 978-0-553-28358-7 Mollie Pride ISBN 978-0-708-84988-0as Beverly Swerling ALL TITLES ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN HARDCOVER City Of Dreams: A Novel of Nieuw Amsterdam and Early Manhattan. Simon & Schuster. 2001. ISBN 978-0-684-87172-1. Retrieved 27 July 2011. trade paperback edition issued 2002 According to WorldCat, the book is held in 798 libraries Shadowbrook: A Novel of Love and the Birth of America.
Simon & Schuster. 2 March 2004. ISBN 978-0-743-22812-1. Retrieved 27 July 2011. trade paperback edition issued 2005 City of Glory: A Novel of War and Desire in Old Manhattan. Simon & Schuster. 9 January 2007. ISBN 978-0-743-26920-9. Retrieved 27 July 2011. trade paperback edition issued 2008 City of God: A Novel of Passion and Wonder in Old New York. Simon & Schuster. 27 October 2009. ISBN 978-1-4165-4922-2. Retrieved 27 July 2011. City of Promise. Simon & Schuster. 9 August 2011. ISBN 978-1-4391-3694-2. Retrieved 27 July 2011. 2013 Bristol House ISBN 978 94 62320 11 6 City Of Dreams: A Novel of Nieuw Amsterdam and Early Manhattan. Simon & Schuster. 2002. ISBN 978-0-684-87173-8. Retrieved 27 July 2011. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 798 libraries Shadowbrook: A Novel of Love and the Birth of America. Simon & Schuster. 1 March 2005. ISBN 978-0-7432-2813-8. Retrieved 27 July 2011. City of Glory: A Novel of War and Desire in Old Manhattan. Simon & Schuster. 8 January 2008. ISBN 978-0-7432-6921-6. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
City of God: A Novel of Passion and Wonder in Old New York. Simon & Schuster. 9 December 2008. ISBN 978-1-416-54921-5. Retrieved 27 July 2011. trade paperback editio issued 2009 City of Promise. Simon & Schuster. 9 August 2011. ISBN 978-1-439-13694-2. Retrieved 27 July 2011. trade paperback edition issued 2012 2013 Bristol House ISBN 978-0-670-02593-0 trade paperback edition issued 2014 Beverly Swerling's official website
Danny Anderson Cater is an American former professional baseball first baseman, third baseman and designated hitter. He signed with the Philadelphia Phillies at the age of 18, on June 8, 1958. Cater played in Major League Baseball for the Phillies, Chicago White Sox, Kansas City Athletics, Oakland Athletics, New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals. Cater played twelve seasons in the big leagues as a regular. For the eight-year period from 1965 to 1972, he averaged over 500 plate appearances per season. Cater was a good hitter, tough to strike out. Cater finished second for the American League batting title in 1968 with a batting average of.290. It was "The Year of the Pitcher", Carl Yastrzemski won the crown with a.301 BA. Cater led all AL first basemen with a.995 fielding percentage, that season. Cater‘s career highlights included: a pair of 5-hit games: five singles vs. the Cleveland Indians. After retiring from baseball, Cater worked at the headquarters office of the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts in Austin, Texas.
He now lives in Texas. Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball-Reference, or Retrosheet Danny Cater at SABR Danny Cater at Baseball Almanac