The Cleveland Ironstone Formation is a sequence of marine ironstone seams interbedded with shale and siltstone units which collectively form a part of the Lower Jurassic System of rocks underlying Cleveland in North Yorkshire. Exploitation of the ironstone seams became a major driving force behind the industrialisation of the Teesside district during the mid- to late-1800s.
Exposure of the Cleveland Ironstone Formation near Skinningrove
Image of Staithes showing part of the village (foreground), the east-side harbour wall (middle left) and the headland of Penny Nab (centre background). The base of the Cleveland Ironstone commences at the foot of the cliff.
Seams of the Cleveland Ironstone formation well exposed on the coast at Jet Wyke. The Avicula seam forms the rock platform. Above it come the Raisdale, Two Foot, Pecten (5 thin bands) and Main seams
Close-up of a sample of Cleveland ironstone from Kilton Mine demonstrating the rock's oolitic texture.
Bolckow, Vaughan
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Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd was an English ironmaking and mining company founded in 1864, based on the partnership since 1840 of its two founders, Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan. The firm drove the dramatic growth of Middlesbrough and the production of coal and iron in the north-east of England in the 19th century. The two founding partners had an exceptionally close working relationship which lasted until Vaughan's death.
Bolckow, Vaughan blastfurnacemen and blast furnace, Middlesbrough
Henry Bolckow (1806–1878), founder and financier
John Vaughan (1799–1868), founder and ironmaster
1884 monument to John Vaughan by George Anderson Lawson in Middlesbrough.