Close stool
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A close stool was an early type of portable toilet, made in the shape of a cabinet or box at sitting height with an opening in the top. The external structure contained a pewter or earthenware chamber
Toilet chair
An uphostered close stool at Hampton Court Palace
Italian thunderbox c. 1750
19th-century thunderbox
Hampton Court Palace
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Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, 12 miles southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames.
Close stool
…English Dictionary gives the first citation as 1410) until the introduction of the indoor flush toilet. At the Tudor Court An uphostered close stool at Hampton Court Palace Records of the English court mention the "close stool" and detail its construction. As an example, the furniture maker and upholsterer William Green…
Hampton Court Palace, west front, Richmond upon Thames
Hampton Court Palace, with marked reference points referred to on this page. A: West Front & Main Entrance; B: Base Court; C: Clock Tower; D: Clock Court, E: Fountain Court; F: East Front; G: South Front; H: Banqueting House; J: Great Hall; K: River Thames; L: Pond Gardens; M: East Gardens; O: Cardinal Wolsey's Rooms; P: Chapel.
An original Tudor roasting hearth in the Great Kitchens
Christopher Wren's south front (G on plan), built for William III and Mary II, viewed from the Privy Garden