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Cloud condensation nuclei
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Cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs), also known as cloud seeds, are small particles typically 0.2 μm, or one hundredth the size of a cloud droplet. CCNs are a unique subset of aerosols in the atmosphere on which water vapour condenses. This can affect the radiative properties of clouds and the overall atmosphere. Water vapour requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition to a liquid; this process is called condensation.
Aerosol pollution over northern India and Bangladesh (Satellite image by NASA)
Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea and the Skagerrak – NASA
Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea and the Skagerrak – NASA
Volcanic ash and gas emissions from Alaska's Pavlof Volcano —NASA
Volcanic ash and gas emissions from Alaska's Pavlof Volcano —NASA
Cloud chamber
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A cloud chamber, also known as a Wilson cloud chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.
Fig. 2: The original cloud chamber of C.T.R. Wilson at the Cavendish Lab, Cambridge England.
Fig. 2: The original cloud chamber of C.T.R. Wilson at the Cavendish Lab, Cambridge England.
Fig. 4: How condensation trails are formed in a diffusion cloud chamber.
Fig. 4: How condensation trails are formed in a diffusion cloud chamber.
Fig. 5: In a diffusion cloud chamber, a 5.3 MeV alpha-particle track from a Pb-210 pin source near Point (1) undergoes Rutherford scattering near Poin
Fig. 5: In a diffusion cloud chamber, a 5.3 MeV alpha-particle track from a Pb-210 pin source near Point (1) undergoes Rutherford scattering near Point (2), deflecting by angle theta of about 30 degrees. It scatters once again near Point (3), and finally comes to rest in the gas. The target nucleus in the chamber gas could have been a nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen nucleus. It received enough kinetic energy in the elastic collision to cause a short visible recoiling track near Point (2). (The scale is in centimeters.)
Example of watercooled thermoelectric cloud chamber
Example of watercooled thermoelectric cloud chamber