1.
Olivier Assayas
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Olivier Assayas is a French film director, screenwriter and film critic. Assayas was born in Paris, France, the son of French director/screenwriter Raymond Assayas, alias Jacques Rémy and his father was of Italian Jewish origin and his mother was of Protestant Hungarian origin. Assayas started his career in the industry by helping his father and he ghostwrote episodes for TV shows his father was working on when his health failed. In a 2010 interview, Assayas stated that his political influences when growing up were Guy Debord. Speaking of the 1968 May uprising to overthrow General de Gaulle, Assayas in the same interview stated, I was defined by the politics of May 68, but for me May 68 was an anti-totalitarian uprising. People seemed to forget that at the occupied Odéon theater, you had crossed flags-black and red and he made his debut in 1986, after directing some short films and writing for the influential film magazine Cahiers du cinéma. Assayass film Cold Water was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. His biggest hit to date has been Irma Vep, starring Hong Kong star Maggie Cheung, while working at Cahiers du cinéma, Assayas wrote lovingly about European film directors he admires but also about Asian directors. One of his films, HHH, A Portrait of Hou Hsiao-Hsien, is a documentary about Taiwanese filmmaker Hou Hsiao-Hsien and he married Hong Kong movie actress Maggie Cheung in 1998. They divorced in 2001, but their relationship remained amicable, and they met when Hansen-Løve, seventeen at the time, starred in Assayass 1998 feature Late August, Early September, but didnt get together until was 20. He directed and co-wrote the acclaimed 2010 French television miniseries Carlos, venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez won the César Award for Most Promising Actor in 2011 for his performance as Carlos. In April 2011, it was announced that he would be a member of the jury for the competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. His 2012 film, Something in the Air, was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival, Assayas won the Osella for Best Screenplay at Venice. His 2014 film Clouds of Sils Maria was selected to compete for the Palme dOr in the competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. Sils Maria won the Louis Delluc Prize and garnered six César Award nominations including Best Film, Best Director, the film won a César Award for Best Supporting Actress for American actress Kristen Stewart
Olivier Assayas
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Assayas in 2010
2.
Juliette Binoche
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Juliette Binoche is a French actress, artist and dancer. She has appeared in more than 60 feature films, been recipient of international awards. Coming from a background, she began taking acting lessons during adolescence. Her sensual performance in her English-language debut The Unbearable Lightness of Being, directed by Philip Kaufman, for her performance in Lasse Hallströms romantic comedy Chocolat, Binoche was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. During the 2000s she maintained a career, alternating between French and English language roles in both mainstream and art-house productions. In 2010, she won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival for her role in Abbas Kiarostamis Certified Copy making her the first actress to win the European Best Actress Triple Crown. In 2008 she began a tour with a modern dance production in-i devised in collaboration with Akram Khan. Binoche was born in Paris, the daughter of Jean-Marie Binoche, a director, actor, and sculptor, and Monique Yvette Stalens, a teacher, director, and actress. Her father, who is French, also has one eighth Portuguese-Brazilian ancestry, juliettes mother was born in Częstochowa, Poland. Binoches maternal grandfather, Andre Stalens, was born in Poland, of Belgian and French descent, both of them were actors who were born in Częstochowa, the German Nazi occupiers imprisoned them at Auschwitz as intellectuals. When Binoches parents divorced in 1968, four-year-old Binoche and her sister Marion were sent to a boarding school. During their teens, the Binoche sisters spent their holidays with their maternal grandmother. Binoche has stated that this perceived parental abandonment had an effect on her. She was not particularly academic and in her years began acting at school in amateur stage-productions. At 17 she directed and starred in a student production of the Eugène Ionesco play and she studied acting at the Conservatoire National Supérieur dArt Dramatique, but quit after a short time as she disliked the curriculum. In the early 1980s, she found an agent through a friend and joined a troupe, touring France, Belgium. Around this time she began lessons with acting coach Vera Gregh, after this Binoche secured her first feature-film appearance with a minor role in Pascal Kanés Liberty Belle. Her role required just two days on–set, but was enough to inspire Binoche to pursue a career in film, Binoches early films established her as a French star of some renown
Juliette Binoche
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Binoche in 2015
Juliette Binoche
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Juliette Binoche in 1985.
Juliette Binoche
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Binoche at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.
Juliette Binoche
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Juliette Binoche and
Jean Reno at
Cannes, 2002
3.
Kristen Stewart
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Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress and model. Born in Los Angeles to parents working in business, Stewart began her acting career in 1997 with uncredited roles. She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Fosters daughter in the thriller Panic Room and she went on to star in Speak, Catch That Kid, Zathura, and Into The Wild, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series, Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films, including Adventureland, The Runaways, Snow White and the Huntsman, On the Road, Camp X-Ray, Still Alice and Equals. She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys. She starred in Personal Shopper, written for her by director Olivier Assayras, Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010, with an estimated earning of $28.5 million. In 2011, she was named number one on Forbes list of Hollywoods Best Actors for the Buck, Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012, with total earnings of $34.5 million. She is the face of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands, Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles. Both of her parents work in the entertainment industry and her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox and currently works on Comedy Central show @midnight. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is originally from Maroochydore, Queensland and she is a script supervisor and has also directed a film, the 2012 prison drama K-11. She has a brother, Cameron B. Stewart, and two adopted brothers, Dana and Taylor, Stewart attended local schools until the seventh grade. As she became involved in acting, she continued her education by correspondence until completing high school. As she grew up with a family who worked behind the camera, Stewart thought she would become a screenwriter/director and she recalled, I never wanted to be the center of attention — I wasnt that I want to be famous, I want to be an actor kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens, Id write my name on everything. She began acting at 8, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary schools Christmas play, after auditioning for a year, Stewart gained her first role with a small, nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel TV-movie The Thirteenth Year. Her next film was The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, where she played the ring toss girl and she also appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, as the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother. Stewart also played a tomboy, diabetic daughter of a mother in the film Panic Room
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the 2007 Breakthrough Awards of Hollywood Life Magazine.
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the Australian premiere of
Snow White and the Huntsman in June 2012
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the UK premiere of
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 in November 2012
4.
IFC Films
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IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City. It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks and it distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake, Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands. IFC has several ventures in video on demand, available through cable television pay-per-view, Apple iTunes, in 2002, IFC Films struck a deal with MGM Home Entertainment to release its theatrical films to home video. That same year, In 2006, IFC Films began distributing films to Apple iTunes. The first batch were thirteen films with nominations in the Film Independent Spirit Awards, on May 27,2010, IFC Films struck another home video distribution deal with Paramount Home Media Distribution. IFC Films first release was a drama in 1999, Spring Forward, directed by Tom Gilroy. S. A
IFC Films
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IFC Films
5.
2014 Cannes Film Festival
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The 67th annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 14 to 25 May 2014. New Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the competition section. The Palme dOr was awarded to the Turkish film Winter Sleep directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, the festival opened with the long delayed Grace of Monaco, directed by Olivier Dahan and starring Nicole Kidman as Grace Kelly, which played out of competition. The restored 4K version of Sergio Leones 1964 western A Fistful of Dollars, served as the closing night film. Due to European Parliament elections taking place on 25 May 2014, the winner of the Palme dOr was announced on 24 May, the Official Selection of films for the 2014 festival, including the line-up for the Main Competition, was announced on 17 April 2014. French actor Lambert Wilson hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, the films announced to compete for the Palme dOr were named at the Cannes press conference on 17 April 2014. Party Girl, directed by Marie Amachoukeli, Claire Burger and Samuel Theis, was selected as the film in the Un Certain Regard section. Italian film A passo duomo by Giovanni Aloi was removed from the selection because Aloi broke the regulations for the selection, the Cinéfondation section focuses on films made by students at film schools. The following 16 entries were selected, out of more than 1,631 submissions from 320 different schools, half of the films selected have been directed by women. The line-up for the International Critics Week was announced on 21 April at the sections website, FLA, directed by Djinn Carrénard, and Hippocrate, directed by Thomas Lilti, were selected as the opening and closing films of the Semaine de la Critique section. Feature films Special Screenings Shorts selection The line-up for the Directors Fortnight was announced on 22 April, girlhood, directed by Céline Sciamma, and Pride, directed by Matthew Warchus, were selected as the opening and closing films of the Directors Fortnight section. Feature films Special screenings Shorts selection The line-up for the Cannes Classics section was announced on 4 April 2014, italian actress Sophia Loren was announced as the guest of honour. Director Nuri Bilge Ceylan called the win a surprise for me and dedicated the win to the youth of Turkey as the country undergoes political turmoil. Prior to the start of Cannes, Winter Sleep was considered the favorite to win the Palme dOr, some found it to be too long and difficult to finish, while others called it a great revelation. The jury, however, loved the film, Jury president Jane Campion said If I had the guts to be as honest about his characters as this director is, Id be very proud of myself. Winter Sleep is the story of Mr. Aydin, an actor who now runs mountaintop hotel. Aydin sees himself as the regions kind ruler, intervening in the business of the people below the mountain. In reality, almost everyone, including his wife, dislikes Aydin and he has a pompous column in the local newspaper and is writing a book on history of the Turkish theatre
2014 Cannes Film Festival
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Official poster of the 67th Cannes Film Festival featuring a photo of
Marcello Mastroianni from
Federico Fellini 's 1963 film
8½
2014 Cannes Film Festival
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Jane Campion, Jury President
2014 Cannes Film Festival
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The main competition jury.
6.
Principal photography
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Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production. Its start generally marks a point of no return for the financiers, feature films usually have insurance in place by the time principal photography begins. The death of a star before completing all planned takes. For example, sets are notoriously flammable, and most older studios feature water towers for that reason, furthermore, professional-quality movie cameras are normally rented as needed, and most camera houses will not allow rentals of their equipment without proof of insurance. Once a film concludes principal photography, it is said to have wrapped, in these circumstances, additional material may have to be shot. If the material has already been shot once, or is substantial, the process is referred to as a re-shoot, learning materials related to Filmmaking at Wikiversity Media related to Filmmaking at Wikimedia Commons
Principal photography
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Film production on location in
Newark, New Jersey.
7.
Sils Maria
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Sils im Engadin/Segl, often also as Sils i. E. /Segl, is a municipality and a village in the Maloja Region, Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Grisons. The municipality consists of two villages Segl Maria and Segl Baselgia, the Val Fex, and the three Maiensässe Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira above Plaun da Lej on the side of the valley. The municipalitys official label uses both, the German and the Romansh version of the municipalitys name, Segl is the Romansh version while Sils im Engadin is the German. Engadin is Romansh for Valley of the Inn, the river, Sils i. E is distinguished from Sils im Domleschg in another Swiss watershed. Sils was originally divided into the three hamlets of Segl Baselgia and Segl Maria, and Seglias, the coat of arms is Per fess Azure a Sun radiated Or and Or a Trout Azure spotted Gules. It shows an upper half with a golden sun and a yellow lower section with a blue trout. It is a combination of the historical coats of arms and represents the sunny and elevated location of the municipality. Sils im Engadin/Segl is first mentioned around 800–850 as Silles, in 1131 it was mentioned as Sillis. Until 1943, Sils im Engadin/Segl was known as Sils im Engadin. Located in the valley of Upper Engadine, Sils i. E. /Segl nestles between Lake Sils and Lake Silvaplana at the foot of Piz Corvatsch and Piz da la Margna and below the Val Fex, the municipality belongs to the Maloja District. Sils im Engadin/Segl has an area, of 63.57 km2, of this area, about 25. 9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 11. 1% is forested. Of the rest of the land,1. 2% is settled and 61. 7% is unproductive land. In the 2004/09 survey a total of 38 ha or about 0. 6% of the area was covered with buildings. Over the same period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 6 ha and is now about 0. 16% of the total area. Of the agricultural land,307 ha is fields and grasslands and 1,435 ha consists of alpine grazing areas, since 1985 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 119 ha. At the same time the amount of forested land has increased by 117 ha, rivers and lakes cover 404 ha in the municipality. The plain is cultivated in grass, the slopes are heavily forested. Sils im Engadin/Segl has a population of 761, as of 2014,38. 5% of the population are resident foreign nationals
Sils Maria
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Sils and Lake Sils
Sils Maria
Sils Maria
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Segl Maria with the church in Segl Baselgia in the background
Sils Maria
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Settlement in the Fex valley
8.
Switzerland
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
Switzerland
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Founded in 44 BC by
Lucius Munatius Plancus,
Augusta Raurica was the first Roman settlement on the Rhine and is now among the most important archaeological sites in Switzerland.
Switzerland
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Flag
Switzerland
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The 1291 Bundesbrief (Federal charter)
Switzerland
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The Old Swiss Confederacy from 1291 (dark green) to the sixteenth century (light green) and its associates (blue). In the other colors are shown the subject territories.
9.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
Toronto International Film Festival
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The festival is headquartered at TIFF Bell Lightbox, which opened in 2010.
Toronto International Film Festival
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Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF box office at the
Manulife Centre in 2006
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF Bell Lightbox
10.
Louis Delluc Prize
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The Louis Delluc Prize is a French film award presented annually since 1937. The award is bestowed to the Best Film and Best First Film of the year on the week of each December. The jury is composed of 20 members, consisting of a group of film critics, the meeting is at le Fouquets restaurant in Champs-Élysées. The award was created in 1937 in view of the decision of the LAcadémie française to award its Grand Prix du Cinema to films that were created by French filmmakers. Twenty-four film critics including Maurice Bessy and Marcel Idzkowski established the prize to honor Louis Delluc, Maurice Bessy Pierre Bost Georges Charensol Nino Franck Marcel Idzkowski Roger Régent Louis Delluc Prize at the Internet Movie Database Louis Delluc Prize at AlloCiné
Louis Delluc Prize
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Films by year (
Films A-Z)
11.
Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film
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The Louis Delluc Prize is a French film award presented annually since 1937. The award is bestowed to the Best Film and Best First Film of the year on the week of each December. The jury is composed of 20 members, consisting of a group of film critics, the meeting is at le Fouquets restaurant in Champs-Élysées. The award was created in 1937 in view of the decision of the LAcadémie française to award its Grand Prix du Cinema to films that were created by French filmmakers. Twenty-four film critics including Maurice Bessy and Marcel Idzkowski established the prize to honor Louis Delluc, Maurice Bessy Pierre Bost Georges Charensol Nino Franck Marcel Idzkowski Roger Régent Louis Delluc Prize at the Internet Movie Database Louis Delluc Prize at AlloCiné
Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film
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Films by year (
Films A-Z)
12.
Joe Flynn (UK actor)
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Johnny Flynn is a South African-born English musician and actor. He is the singer and songwriter for the band Johnny Flynn & The Sussex Wit and he is also known for being the lead actor in the television series Lovesick. Flynn was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, the son of Eric Flynn, an actor and singer, at the age of two he moved with his family to the UK. Later, he would teach himself guitar and win a music scholarship to Bedales School. Before moving on to Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art to study acting, in 2005, Flynn was one of Screen Internationals Stars of Tomorrow. Flynn had parts in the television series Murder in Suburbia, Holby City and he rose to fame in his starring role of Dolf Vega in the film Crusade in Jeans. In 2011, Flynns music was in the film A Bag of Hammers, in 2013, Flynn was cast in Song One, a film starring Anne Hathaway. Flynn plays a musician by the name of James Forester, who involved with Hathaways character. In 2014, Flynn played the role of Dylan in the British rom-com TV series Scrotal Recall which aired on Channel 4. In 2015, he was one of the stars of the Comedy Central show Brotherhood, in it, he played one of two adult brothers who have to raise their younger brother when their mother unexpectedly dies. Flynn performed in Propellers all-male Shakespeare troupe, playing Curtis and Sebastian in the 2007 season and he has also performed in several other plays including Richard Beans play The Heretic at the Royal Court Theatre. Johnny Flynn was cast in the role of Lee in Jerusalem, Jez Butterworths hit play, the productions transferred to the Apollo Theatre in the West End until February 2013. In March 2013 Flynn played the role in Bruce Norris play The Low Road at the Royal Court. In September 2015 he played Mooney alongside David Morrissey and Reece Shearsmith also at the Royal Court in Martin McDonaghs new play Hangmen, Flynn was longlisted in the Evening Standard Awards and the Whats On Stage Awards for best Newcomer for his role in The Heretic in 2012. He was nominated for an Olivier Award for his role in Jerusalem the same year and he won a commendation in the 2012 Ian Charleson Awards for his role as Viola in Twelfth Night at the Globe Theatre. Flynn released several albums and plays folk-influenced songs of his own composition. He wrote the score including the theme song for the BBC Four television series Detectorists and made a cameo appearance performing the song in series one. In 2015 he also composed the music for the Globe Theatres production of As You Like It and he has composed music for several films, Television series and Theatre productions
Joe Flynn (UK actor)
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Johnny Flynn
13.
Brady Corbet
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Brady James Monson Corbet is an American actor and filmmaker. Corbet is known for playing Mason Freeland in the film Thirteen, Brian Lackey in the film Mysterious Skin, Alan Tracy in the 2004 film Thunderbirds and he has made guest appearances on many television shows. He made his film directorial debut with The Childhood of a Leader and won Best Debut film. Corbet played Derek Huxley, the son of Jack Bauers new girlfriend, over the next few years, he was a regular on another anime series, I My Me. Strawberry Eggs, and he guest-starred in a May 2002 episode of the WB sitcom Greetings from Tucson and he also appeared in a May 2003 episode of Fox’s sitcom Oliver Beene. In 2003, Corbet landed his first film role when he was cast opposite Holly Hunter, Evan Rachel Wood, Nikki Reed, Vanessa Hudgens, Corbet once again shared the screen with Hudgens. In 2004, California filmmaker Gregg Araki cast him opposite Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the eighth film. In the film, based on the 1996 novel of the name by Scott Heim, Corbet portrayed Brian Lackey. The film debuted in that years Venice Film Festival and had a release in 2005. In 2006, Corbet returned to television with a role as Derek Huxley, son of Jack Bauers new girlfriend in the fifth season of Foxs Emmy-. Corbet most recently played the role of Watts in the 2011 psychological thriller Martha Marcy May Marlene, Corbet also has appeared in the indie rock band Bright Eyes music video At The Bottom Of Everything. In October 2006, he was featured in the Ima Robot video for Lovers in Captivity, in 2013 Corbet signed on to direct his first feature film The Childhood of a Leader. It premiered in the Horizons section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, Corbet will next direct Vox Lux starring Rooney Mara and Jude Law. Corbet has been dating Norwegian director Mona Fastvold since the production of their film The Sleepwalker and they welcomed a daughter in 2014. Brady Corbet at the Internet Movie Database
Brady Corbet
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Corbet at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
14.
Chanel
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Chanel S. A. is a French, privately held company owned by Alain and Gérard Wertheimer, grandsons of Pierre Wertheimer, who was an early business partner of the couturière Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Chanel S. A. is a fashion house that specializes in haute couture and ready-to-wear clothes, luxury goods. In her youth, Gabrielle Chanel gained the nickname Coco from her time as a chanteuse, the House of Chanel is known for the little black dress, the perfume No.5 de Chanel, and the Chanel Suit. Chanel’s use of jersey fabric produced garments that were comfortable and affordable, Chanel used colors traditionally associated with masculinity in Europe, such as grey and navy blue, to denote feminine boldness of character. An example of haute couture techniques is the woolen Chanel suit — a knee-length skirt. The complementary accessories were two-tone pump shoes and jewellry, usually a necklace of pearls, Coco Chanel thus could sell to them the hats she designed and made, she thus earned a living, independent of her financial sponsor, the socialite Balsan. Despite that social circumstance, Boy Capel perceived the businesswoman innate to Coco Chanel, because that locale already housed a dress shop, the business-lease limited Chanel to selling only millinery products, not couture. The First World War affected European fashion through scarcity of materials, in 1915 and in 1917, Harper’s Bazaar magazine reported that the garments of the House of Chanel were on the list of every buyer for the clothing factories of Europe. After the First World War, the House of Chanel, following the trends of the 1920s, produced beaded dresses. Originally, a bottle of No.5 de Chanel was a gift to clients of Chanel, the popularity of the perfume prompted the House of Chanel to offer it for retail sale in 1922. In 1923, to explain the success of her clothes, Coco Chanel told Harper’s Bazaar magazine that design simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance, business partners — late 1920s The success of the No. To that end, the businessman Théophile Bader introduced the venture capitalist Pierre Wertheimer to Coco Chanel, moreover, by 1937, the House of Chanel had expanded the range of its clothes to more women, and presented prêt-à-porter clothes designed and cut for the petite woman. Among fashion designers only the clothes created by Elsa Schiaparelli could compete with the clothes of Chanel. A. at 31 rue Cambon, meanwhile, because of the Nazi occupation’s official anti-Semitism, Pierre Wertheimer and family, had fled France to the U. S. in mid-1940. Later, in 1941, Coco Chanel attempted to assume control of Parfums Chanel. Occupied France abounded with rumours that Coco Chanel was a Nazi collaborator, her identity was secret agent 7124 of the Abwehr. At War’s end, upon the Allied liberation of France, Chanel was arrested for having collaborated with the Nazis, in Switzerland, the news revived Coco Chanel’s resentment at having been exploited by her business partner, for only ten per cent of the money. So she established a rival Swiss parfumerie to create, produce, in exchange Gabrielle Chanel closed her Swiss parfumerie enterprise, and sold to Parfums Chanel the full rights to the name Coco Chanel. As a post–War fashion that used some 20 yards of fabric, having decided to do business with Coco Chanel, Wertheimer’s negotiations to fund the resurgence of the House of Chanel, granted him commercial rights to all Chanel-brand products
Chanel
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The actress Gabrielle Dorziat wearing a Chanel plumed hat (1912)
Chanel
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Chanel S.A.
Chanel
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Chanel’s spymaster: General Walter Schellenberg Chief of the Sicherheitsdienst.
Chanel
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A classic Chanel suit, 1965
15.
South Tyrol
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South Tyrol, also known by its alternative Italian name Alto Adige, is an autonomous province in northern Italy. It is one of the two provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of 7,400 square kilometres and its capital is the city of Bolzano. As of 2011, South Tyrol is among the wealthiest regions in Italy, South Tyrol is the term most commonly used in English for the province, and its usage reflects that it was created from a portion of the southern part of the historic County of Tyrol. German and Ladin speakers usually refer to the area as Südtirol, Alto Adige, one of the Italian names for the province, is also used in English. The term had been the name of political subdivisions along the Adige River in the time of Napoleon Bonaparte and it was reused as the Italian name of the current province after its post-World War I creation, and was a symbol of the subsequent forced Italianization of South Tyrol. The official name of the today in German is Autonome Provinz Bozen — Südtirol. German speakers usually refer to it not as a Provinz, provincial institutions are referred to using the prefix Landes-, such as Landesregierung and Landeshauptmann. The official name in Italian is Provincia autonoma di Bolzano — Alto Adige, South Tyrol as an administrative entity originated during the First World War. The Allies promised the area to Italy in the Treaty of London of 1915 as an incentive to enter the war on their side, with the rise of Fascism, the new regime made efforts to bring forward the Italianization of South Tyrol. The German language was banished from public service, German teaching was officially forbidden, the regime also favored immigration from other Italian regions. The subsequent alliance between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini declared that South Tyrol would not follow the destiny of Austria, the region was de facto annexed to the German Reich until the end of the war. This status ended along with the Nazi regime, and Italian rule was restored in 1945, after the war the Allies decided that the province would remain a part of Italy, under the condition that the German-speaking population be granted a significant level of self-government. Italy and Austria negotiated an agreement in 1946, recognizing the rights of the German minority, alcide De Gasperi, Italys prime minister, a native of Trentino, wanted to extend the autonomy to his fellow citizens. This led to the creation of the region called Trentino-Alto Adige/Tiroler Etschland, German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted once more. Still Italians were the majority in the combined region, in a first phase, only public edifices and fascist monuments were targeted. The second phase was bloodier, costing 21 lives, the South Tyrolean question became an international issue. A fresh round of negotiations took place in 1961 but proved unsuccessful, the issue was resolved in 1971, when a new Austro-Italian treaty was signed and ratified
South Tyrol
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The Atlas Tyrolensis, showing the entire County of Tyrol, printed in Vienna. 1774
South Tyrol
South Tyrol
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A map from 1874 showing South Tirol with approximately the borders of today's South and
East Tyrol
South Tyrol
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Plaque at a German-language school in both Italian and German
16.
The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant
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The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant is a 1972 German film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, based on his own play. The film has an all-female cast, and it is set in the home of the protagonist Petra von Kant and it follows the changing dynamics in her relationships with the other women. The film was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival, Petra von Kant is a prominent fashion designer based in Bremen. The film is almost totally restricted to her apartments bedroom, decorated by a reproduction of Poussins Midas and Bacchus. The room also contains numerous life-size mannequins for her work, though only her assistant Marlene is shown using them, Petras marriages have ended in death or divorce. Her first husband Pierre was a love, who died in a car accident while Petra was pregnant, the second began the same way. Petra lives with Marlene, another designer, whom she treats as a slave, von Kant is shown being awoken by Marlene. She begins her day and gets dressed while her assistant attends to her, von Kant makes a phone call to her mother, makes demands of Marlene, and dons a brown wig just before she receives a visitor. Petra talks to Sidonie, her cousin, about her male relationships, meanwhile, Marlene does the work and acts as hostess. Karin Thimm, Sidonies friend, joins the women, Karin, newly returned to Germany after residing in Sydney for five years, is a desirable 23-year-old woman. Petra, immediately attracted to Karin at this first meeting, suggests Karin becomes a model, Karin agrees to return the following day. Petra quickly falls madly in love with Karin, the next day, with Marlene showing clearer signs of frustration, but still typing, Petra, now wearing a larger and dark wig, offers to support Karin while she trains to be a model. Karins husband has remained in Sydney, though Petra is only put off by this revelation. The women soon show their incompatibility, Petra had a happy childhood and came from a home where the good things in life were always stressed. Karins father was a toolmaker, and she felt neglected by her parents. Petra loved mathematics and algebra at school, but Karin could never understand arithmetic, Petra has a daughter, whom she rarely sees, but reassures herself that her daughter is at the best possible boarding school. Karins parents are now both dead and she says people reject her when they find out about her history, but Petra now admits to a great affection for her, even stronger after having heard her family history. Petra orders Marlene to get a bottle of Sekt, Karin goes into more detail about her parents death
The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant
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Theatrical release poster
17.
Rainer Werner Fassbinder
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Rainer Werner Fassbinder was a German film director, screenwriter, film producer and actor. Fassbinder was part of the New German Cinema movement and he also worked as an actor, author, cameraman, composer, designer, editor and theater manager. Fassbinder died on 10 June 1982 at the age of 37 from a cocktail of cocaine. Fassbinder was born in Bavaria in the town of Bad Wörishofen on 31 May 1945. He was born three weeks after the Allies occupied the town and the surrender of Germany. The aftermath of World War II deeply marked his childhood and the lives of his family, in compliance with his mothers wishes, Fassbinder later claimed he was born in 1946 in order to enhance his status as a cinematic prodigy. His real age was revealed shortly before his death and he was the only child of Liselotte Pempeit, a translator and Helmut Fassbinder, a doctor who worked out of the couples apartment in Sendlinger Strasse, near Munichs red light district. Fassbinders had an unconventional childhood about which he would later express grievances in interviews, when he was three months old, he was left with a paternal uncle and aunt in the country, since his parents feared he would not survive the winter with them. He was a year old when he was returned to his parents in Munich, Fassbinders mother came from the Free City of Danzig, from which many ethnic Germans had fled following World War II. As a result, a number of her relatives came to live them in Munich. Fassbinders parents were cultured members of the bourgeoisie and his father mainly concentrated on his career, which he saw as a means to indulge his passion for writing poetry. His mother largely ignored him as well, spending the majority of her helping her husband with his medical practice. In 1951, Liselotte Pempeit and Helmut Fassbinder divorced, when she was working, she often sent her son to the cinema in order to concentrate. Later in life, Fassbinder claimed that he saw a film every day. During this period, Pempeit was often away from her son for long periods while she recuperated from tuberculosis, in his mothers absence, Fassbinder was looked after by his mothers tenants and friends. As he was left alone, he became independent and uncontrollable. He clashed with his mothers younger lover Siggi, who lived with them when Fassbinder was around eight or nine years old and he had a similar difficult relationship with the much older journalist Wolff Eder, who became his stepfather in 1959. Early in his adolescence, Fassbinder identified as homosexual, as a teen, Fassbinder was sent to boarding school
Rainer Werner Fassbinder
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Fassbinder on the set of
Berlin Alexanderplatz
18.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes Film Festival
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Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
19.
The Daily Telegraph
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It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, the papers motto, Was, is, and will be, appears in the editorial pages and has featured in every edition of the newspaper since April 19,1858. The paper had a circulation of 460,054 in December 2016 and its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016. The Daily Telegraph has the largest circulation for a newspaper in the UK. The two sister newspapers are run separately, with different editorial staff, but there is cross-usage of stories, articles published in either may be published on the Telegraph Media Groups www. telegraph. co. uk website, under the title of The Telegraph. However, critics, including an editor, accuse it of being unduly influenced by advertisers. The Daily Telegraph and Courier was founded by Colonel Arthur B, Sleigh in June 1855 to air a personal grievance against the future commander-in-chief of the British Army, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge. Joseph Moses Levy, the owner of The Sunday Times, agreed to print the newspaper, the paper cost 2d and was four pages long. Nevertheless, the first edition stressed the quality and independence of its articles and journalists, however, the paper was not a success, and Sleigh was unable to pay Levy the printing bill. Levy took over the newspaper, his aim being to produce a newspaper than his main competitors in London. The same principle should apply to all other events—to fashion, to new inventions, in 1876, Jules Verne published his novel Michael Strogoff, whose plot takes place during a fictional uprising and war in Siberia. In 1937, the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post, which espoused a conservative position. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside The Daily Telegraph, for some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph. As an result, Gordon Lennox was monitored by MI5, in 1939, The Telegraph published Clare Hollingworths scoop that Germany was to invade Poland. In November 1940, with Fleet Street subjected to almost daily bombing raids by the Luftwaffe, The Telegraph started printing in Manchester at Kemsley House, Manchester quite often printed the entire run of The Telegraph when its Fleet Street offices were under threat. The name Kemsley House was changed to Thomson House in 1959, in 1986 printing of Northern editions of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph moved to Trafford Park and in 2008 to Newsprinters at Knowsley, Liverpool. During the Second World War, The Daily Telegraph covertly helped in the recruitment of code-breakers for Bletchley Park, the ability to solve The Telegraphs crossword in under 12 minutes was considered to be a recruitment test. The competition itself was won by F. H. W. Hawes of Dagenham who finished the crossword in less than eight minutes, both the Camrose and Burnham families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986
The Daily Telegraph
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The Sunday Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph front page on 29 June 2015
The Daily Telegraph
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In 1882 The Daily Telegraph moved to new
Fleet Street premises, which were pictured in the
Illustrated London News.
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph building in 1974
20.
Abbas Kiarostami
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Abbas Kiarostami was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, photographer and film producer. An active film-maker from 1970, Kiarostami had been involved in over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy, Close-Up, Taste of Cherry – which was awarded the Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival that year – and The Wind Will Carry Us. In his later works, Certified Copy and Like Someone in Love, he filmed for the first time outside Iran, in Italy and Japan, Kiarostami had worked extensively as a screenwriter, film editor, art director and producer and had designed credit titles and publicity material. He was also a poet, photographer, painter, illustrator and these filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues. He is also known for his use of Persian poetry in the dialogue, titles, Kiarostamis films contain a notable degree of ambiguity, an unusual mixture of simplicity and complexity, and often a mix of fictional and documentary elements. The concepts of change and continuity, in addition to the themes of life and death and he majored in painting and graphic design, and supported his studies by working as a traffic policeman. As a painter, designer, and illustrator, Kiarostami worked in advertising in the 1960s, designing posters, between 1962 and 1966, he shot around 150 advertisements for Iranian television. In the late 1960s, he began creating credit titles for films and its debut production and Kiarostamis first film was the twelve-minute The Bread and Alley, a neo-realistic short film about a schoolboys confrontation with an aggressive dog. The department became one of Irans most noted film studios, producing not only Kiarostamis films, but acclaimed Persian films such as The Runner and Bashu, in the 1970s, Kiarostami pursued an individualistic style of film making. When discussing his first film, he stated, Bread and Alley was my first experience in cinema, I had to work with a very young child, a dog, and an unprofessional crew except for the cinematographer, who was nagging and complaining all the time. Well, the cinematographer, in a sense, was right because I did not follow the conventions of film making that he had become accustomed to, following The Experience, Kiarostami released The Traveler in 1974. The Traveler tells the story of Qassem Julayi, a troubled and troublesome boy from a small Iranian city. Intent on attending a match in far-off Tehran, he scams his friends and neighbors to raise money. In addressing the boys determination to reach his goal, alongside his indifference to the effects of his actions, the film examined human behavior. It furthered Kiarostamis reputation for realism, diegetic simplicity, and stylistic complexity, in 1975, Kiarostami directed two short films So Can I and Two Solutions for One Problem. In early 1976, he released Colors, followed by the fifty-four-minute film A Wedding Suit, Kiarostamis first feature film was the 112-minute Report. It revolved around the life of a tax collector accused of accepting bribes, in 1979, he produced and directed First Case, Second Case
Abbas Kiarostami
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Abbas Kiarostami عباس کیارستمی
Abbas Kiarostami
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Kiarostami majored in painting and graphic design at the
University of Tehran College of
Fine Arts.
Abbas Kiarostami
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Kiarostami speaking ahead of 65th
Venice Film Festival
Abbas Kiarostami
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Kiarostami (left) at the Estoril Film Festival in 2010
21.
Certified Copy (film)
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Certified Copy is a 2010 art film by Iranian writer and director Abbas Kiarostami, starring Juliette Binoche and the British opera singer William Shimell, in his first film role. The film is set in Tuscany, and focuses on a British writer, the film was a French-majority production, with co-producers in Italy and Belgium. The dialogue is in French, English and Italian, the film premiered at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival where Binoche won the Best Actress Award for her performance. She leaves her phone number with Millers translator, Miller and the woman later meet at her shop, and Miller suggests they get out and see some of the countryside. The woman drives them around aimlessly while Miller signs the books, Miller points out that even the Mona Lisa is a copy of the woman who modeled for the painting, real or imagined. They then visit an art museum to see another famous copy, and the woman gets increasingly distraught as she complains about her rebellious son to Miller and their discussions get personal, and its intentionally unclear which, if either, is the true reality of the film. After some arguing, and some soul-baring language, a reconciliation ends the film, since then they had both desired to work together and in 2008 Binoche appeared briefly in Kiarostamis experimental film Shirin. During a visit in Tehran by Binoche, Kiarostami told Binoche the synopsis of Certified Copy as a casual anecdote, according to Kiarostami, studying the reactions of Binoche as she listened to the story was a vital part of the films further development. The film suffered from delays and changes in the cast. Filming was originally supposed to start in October 2007 with English as the principal language, a second attempt was planned for March 2008, this time mainly in French and with Sami Frey opposite Binoche. Next up to be attached was François Cluzet, with filming scheduled to begin in May 2009. At some point Robert De Niro was in negotiation for the role, but eventually it was offered to William Shimell, a baritone opera singer who had never acted in a film before. Kiarostami had met Shimell in 2008 during his own debut as an opera director, when I saw him, I immediately perceived in him the strength, finesse and humour of the character, Kiarostami commented on his choice. Production was led by MK2 in co-production with France 3 and the Italian company BiBi Films, funding was granted by the CNC and via pre-sales to Canal+. The budget was 3.8 million euro, the film was finally shot from 8 June 2009 on location in Tuscany, using locations in Cortona, Lucignano and Arezzo. He also noted how he for once felt free to express whatever he wanted in the film, Certified Copy premiered on 18 May 2010 at the 63rd Cannes Film Festival as part of the main competition. It was released the day in regular French cinemas through MK2. The film opened in 101 venues and had an attendance of 70,876 the first week, resulting in a ninth place on the French box office chart
Certified Copy (film)
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Juliette Binoche at the Cannes Film Festival for the premiere of the film.
Certified Copy (film)
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Theatrical release poster
22.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
Variety (magazine)
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The Variety Building in December 2008.
23.
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice
The Village Voice
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The Cooper Square former head office of the paper
The Village Voice
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Village Voice columnist
Nat Hentoff; photo by Tom Pich
The Village Voice
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October 1955 cover
24.
Chicago Reader
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It was founded by a group of friends from Carleton College. The Reader is recognized as a pioneer among alternative weeklies for both its creative nonfiction and its commercial scheme, the Reader also developed a new kind of journalism, ignoring the news and focusing on everyday life and ordinary people. The Reader, as it is known, is dated every Thursday and distributed free on Wednesday and Thursday via street boxes. As of March 2009, the paper claimed more than 1,900 locations in the Chicago metropolitan area, Creative Loafing filed for bankruptcy in September 2008. In 2012, the Chicago Reader was acquired by Wrapports LLC, the Chicago Reader was founded by Robert A. Roth, who grew up in the Chicago suburb of Arlington Heights. His ambition was to start a publication for young Chicagoans like Bostons The Phoenix. Those papers were sold on newsstands but were given away, mostly on campuses. They scraped together about $16,000 in capital and published the first issue,16 pages, one year later, in its first anniversary issue, the Reader published an article titled What Kind of Paper is This, Anyway. In which it answered Questions weve heard over and over in the past year and this article reported that the paper had lost nearly $20,000 in its first ten months of operation but that the owners were confident it will work out in the end. It explained the rationale behind free circulation and the paper’s unconventional editorial philosophy, Why doesnt the Reader print news, Tom Wolfe wrote us, The Future of the newspaper lies in your direction, i. e. the sheet willing to deal with the way we live now. That sums up our thoughts quite well, we find street sellers more interesting than politicians, in its early years the Reader was published out of apartments shared by the owner-founders, Roth, McCamant, Rehwaldt and Yoder. The first apartment was in Hyde Park—the University of Chicago neighborhood on the side of Chicago—and the second was in Rogers Park on the far north side. Working for ownership in lieu of pay, the owner-founders ultimately owned more than 90% of the company, in 1975 the paper began to earn a profit, incorporated, and rented office space in the downtown area that later came to be known as River North. In 1979, a reporter for the Daily Herald of Arlington Heights, Illinois, in 1986, an article in the Chicago Tribune estimated the Reader’s annual revenues at $6.7 million. In 1996, Crains Chicago Business projected revenue of $14.6 million, the National Journal’s Convention Daily reported that the Reader was “an enormous financial success. It’s now as thick as many Sunday papers and is published in four sections that total around 180 pages. ”This report put the circulation at 138,000. Later in 1995 the papers Matches personal ads were made available on the Web, also in 1996 the Reader partnered with Yahoo to bring its entertainment listings online and introduced a Web site and an AOL user area built around its popular syndicated column The Straight Dope. The Reader became so profitable in the late 1990s that it added a suburban edition, The Reader’s Guide to Arts & Entertainment and it faced severe competitive pressure starting near the turn of the century, as some of its key elements became widely available online
Chicago Reader
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Chicago Reader
25.
Columbia Daily Spectator
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Columbia Daily Spectator is the weekly student newspaper of Columbia University. It is published at 112th and Broadway in New York, New York, founded in 1877, it is the oldest continuously operating college news daily in the nation after The Harvard Crimson, and has been legally independent of the university since 1962. During the academic term, it is published online Monday through Friday, in addition to serving as a campus newspaper, Spec, as it is commonly known, also reports the latest news of the surrounding Morningside Heights community. The paper is delivered each week to over 150 locations throughout the Morningside Heights neighborhood, Spectator is published by Spectator Publishing Company Inc, an independent 501 corporation. Spectator Publishing Company was formed in 1962 and has been independent of Columbia University since then, the president of the Spectator Publishing Company also serves as the editor in chief of the Columbia Daily Spectator. Spectators writing departments, each headed by one or two editors, include campus news, city news, sports, arts and entertainment, and opinion. The other non-writing departments, also headed by their own editors, include photography, design, online, production, copy. The business departments, which oversee the newspapers advertising, finances, Spec is currently run by the 141st managing board. First-time writers at Columbia begin their time at the paper with a 1- to 2-month trial period, during which they learn the basics of writing an article, each November and December, students run for positions at the paper, a grueling process that takes nearly a month. They begin by shadowing, or sitting with the current editors or associate editors, next they write proposals for their desired position. The students then take editing tests made up by their department editor that test them on fundamentals. Finally, they go through the turkeyshoots, an interview in which the current managing board grills the applicant on why the applicant feels that they would be a fit for the position. The results of the process, including the new managing board, are announced in mid-December, in 2005, Spec started printing La Página, a weekly flyer in Spanish with translations of some of the weeks English content most relevant to neighborhood readers. The next year, in February 2006, the paper launched a series of blogs, SpecBlogs and they were the third Ivy League paper to do this, after the Harvard Crimson s Sports Blog and The Daily Pennsylvanian s TheBuzz. In September 2006, Spectator staff launched The Eye, a magazine featuring investigative pieces and commentary on Columbia. The name of The Eye relates both to the fact that one spectates with it and urban theorist Jane Jacobs notion that eyes on the help keep neighborhoods safe. In March 2010, Spec launched a new blog, Spectrum, which is updated several times a day with breaking news, columns, Editor in Chief, Catie EdmondsonManaging Editor, J. W. A. L. Bush Nick Schifrin, Pakistan correspondent for ABC News Warren St. John, New York Times reporter and author Nick Summers, townsend, News Editor, CBS Evening News Dick Wald, former president of NBC Steven Waldman, journalist and founder of Beliefnet. S
Columbia Daily Spectator
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Academics
26.
Birdman (film)
–
Birdman or, commonly known simply as Birdman, is a 2014 American black comedy film directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu. It was written by Iñárritu, Nicolás Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris Jr. the film stars Michael Keaton with a supporting cast of Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, Andrea Riseborough, Amy Ryan, Emma Stone, and Naomi Watts. The story follows Riggan Thomson, a faded Hollywood actor best known for playing the superhero Birdman, as he struggles to mount a Broadway adaptation of a short story by Raymond Carver. The film covers the period of previews leading to the opening, and with a brief exception appears as if filmed in a single shot. The film was shot in New York City during the spring of 2013 with a budget of $16.5 million jointly financed by Fox Searchlight Pictures, New Regency Pictures and it premiered the following year in August where it opened the 71st Venice International Film Festival. Birdman had a theatrical release in the United States on October 17,2014, followed by a wide release on November 14. It also won Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for Keaton and Best Screenplay at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards. Riggan Thomson is a faded American actor who is famous for playing the superhero Birdman in a film trilogy 20 years ago and he is tormented by the mocking and critical internal voice of Birdman and is frequently shown performing feats of levitation and telekinesis. Riggan is trying to gain recognition as an actor for writing, directing. Jake, Riggans best friend and lawyer, is producing the play which co-stars Riggans girlfriend Laura, Riggans daughter Sam, a recovering drug addict whom he is trying to reconnect with, is working as his assistant. The day before the first preview, a light falls onto Riggans hopeless co-star Ralph. At Lesleys suggestion, Riggan replaces Ralph with her boyfriend, the brilliant, Riggan clashes continually with Mike and is incensed at influential theater critic Tabitha Dicksons praise for Mikes performance, but Jake persuades him to continue with the play. Riggan catches Sam using marijuana and berates her, she tells him he is expendable, during the final preview, Riggan goes for a cigarette and accidentally locks himself outside with his robe stuck in the fire escape door. He is forced to walk through Times Square in his underwear, a concerned Sam is waiting in his dressing room after the show. She thinks the performance was very weird but sort of cool and they talk about the show, him being a bad father and her rehab experience. She shows him that the Times Square footage is going viral, Riggan goes to a bar for a drink and approaches Tabitha, accusing her of not understanding theater and just being someone who crudely labels things. She tells him that she hates ignorant Hollywood celebrities who pretend to be serious actors, on the way back, Riggan buys a pint of whiskey, drinks it and passes out on a stoop. Riggan jumps off the roof and flies through the streets of Manhattan before arriving at the theater, on the opening night the play is going very well
Birdman (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Birdman (film)
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Michael Keaton was Iñárritu's first choice to play Riggan Thomson.
Birdman (film)
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Michael Keaton (Riggan) rehearsing an action-sequence of the film.
Birdman (film)
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St. James Theatre and
Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York were used to film the stage and backstage scenes of Birdman respectively.
27.
New York Post
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New York Post is an American daily newspaper, primarily distributed in New York City and its surrounding area. It is the 13th-oldest and seventh-most-widely circulated newspaper in the United States, established in 1801 by federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post. The modern version of the paper is published in tabloid format, in 1976, Rupert Murdoch bought Post for US$30.5 million. Since 1993, Post has been owned by News Corporation and its successor, News Corp and its editorial offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas. New York Post, established on November 16,1801 as New-York Evening Post, the Hartford Courant, believed to be the oldest continuously published newspaper, was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper, it did not begin publishing daily until 1836. The New Hampshire Gazette, which has trademarked its claim of being The Nations Oldest Newspaper, was founded in 1756, moreover, since the 1890s it has been published only for weekends. Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as New-York Evening Post, the meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in the then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor, the most famous 19th-century New-York Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was New-York Evening Post under Bryants editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in the summer of 1829, Bryant invited William Leggett, the Locofoco Democrat, to write for the paper. There, in addition to literary and drama reviews, Leggett began to write political editorials, leggetts classical liberal philosophy entailed a fierce opposition to central banking, a support for voluntary labor unions, and a dedication to laissez-faire economics. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party, Leggett became a co-owner and editor at Post in 1831, eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 through 1835. Another co-owner of the paper was John Bigelow, from 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of New York Evening Post. In 1881 Henry Villard took control of New-York Evening Post, as well as The Nation, with this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin. When Schurz left the paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief, White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903. Villard sold the paper in 1918, after allegations of pro-German sympathies during World War I hurt its circulation. The new owner was Thomas Lamont, a partner in the Wall Street firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. Conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis—publisher of the Ladies Home Journal—purchased New-York Evening Post in 1924, in 1934, J. David Stern purchased the paper, changed its name to New York Post, and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective. In 1939, Dorothy Schiff purchased the paper and her husband, George Backer, was named editor and publisher
New York Post
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August 27, 2015 front page of the New York Post
New York Post
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Alexander Hamilton
New York Post
–
William Cullen Bryant
New York Post
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One of the paper's most famous headlines, from the April 15, 1983 edition.
28.
The New Yorker
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The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It is published by Condé Nast, started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans. Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the life of New York City. The New Yorker debuted on February 21,1925 and it was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a New York Times reporter. Ross wanted to create a humor magazine that would be different from perceivably corny humor publications such as Judge. Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann to establish the F-R Publishing Company, the magazines first offices were at 25 West 45th Street in Manhattan. Ross edited the magazine until his death in 1951, during the early, occasionally precarious years of its existence, the magazine prided itself on its cosmopolitan sophistication. Ross famously declared in a 1925 prospectus for the magazine, It has announced that it is not edited for the old lady in Dubuque, although the magazine never lost its touches of humor, it soon established itself as a pre-eminent forum for serious fiction literature and journalism. Shortly after the end of World War II, John Herseys essay Hiroshima filled an entire issue, D. Salinger, Irwin Shaw, James Thurber, John Updike, Eudora Welty, Stephen King, and E. B. White. Publication of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery drew more mail than any story in the magazines history. In its early decades, the magazine published two or even three short stories a week, but in recent years the pace has remained steady at one story per issue. Kurt Vonnegut said that The New Yorker has been an instrument for getting a large audience to appreciate modern literature. Vonneguts 1974 interview with Joe David Bellamy and John Casey contained a discussion of The New Yorkers influence, No other art requires the audience to be a performer. You have to count on the readers being a good performer and those writers you mentioned and myself are teaching an audience how to play this kind of music in their heads. Its a learning process, and The New Yorker has been a good institution of the sort needed. They have an audience, and they come out every week, and people finally catch on to Barthelme, for instance. The non-fiction feature articles cover an array of topics. Recent subjects have included eccentric evangelist Creflo Dollar, the different ways in which humans perceive the passage of time, the magazine is notable for its editorial traditions
The New Yorker
–
First issue's cover with
dandy Eustace Tilley, created by
Rea Irvin. The image, or a variation of it, appears on the cover of The New Yorker with every anniversary issue.
29.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
Rotten Tomatoes
–
60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%
30.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017
Metacritic
–
Metacritic
31.
Adrien Brody
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Adrien Brody is an American actor. Brody is also the only male American actor to receive the French César Award, other successful films that Brody have starred in are Bread and Roses, the 2005 version of King Kong, The Village, Predators, New York Stories, and The Thin Red Line. He is a frequent collaborator of Wes Andersons he has starred in two of Andersons both of which were major successes they are The Grand Budapest Hotel and The Darjeeling Limited. Brody was born in Woodhaven, Queens, New York, the son of Sylvia Plachy, a photographer, and Elliot Brody, Brody was raised without a strong connection to Judaism or Catholicism. As a child, Brody performed magic shows at childrens parties as The Amazing Adrien. He attended the I. S.145 Joseph Pulitzer middle school and New Yorks Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and his parents enrolled him in acting classes to distance him from the dangerous children with whom he associated. He attended summer camp at Long Lake Camp for the Arts in the Adirondacks in upstate New York, Brody attended Stony Brook University before transferring to Queens College for a semester. Taking acting classes as a child, by age thirteen he appeared in an Off-Broadway play and he received widespread recognition when he was cast as the lead in Roman Polanskis The Pianist. To prepare for the role, Brody withdrew for months, gave up his apartment and his car, broke up with his then-girlfriend, learned how to play Chopin on the piano, and lost 29 lbs. The role won him an Academy Award for Best Actor, making him, at 29, the youngest actor ever to win the award and he also won a César Award for his performance. Brody appeared on Saturday Night Live on May 10,2003, his first TV work, other TV appearances include NBCs The Today Show and on MTVs Punkd after being tricked by Ashton Kutcher. After The Pianist Brody appeared in four different films. In Dummy he portrayed Steven Schoichet, a socially awkward aspiring ventriloquist in pursuit of a love interest and he learned ventriloquism and puppetry for the role convincingly enough to perform all of the voice stunts and puppet manipulation live on set in real time, with no subsequent post dubbing. King Kong was both a critical and box office success, it grossed $550 million worldwide and is Brodys most successful film to date in monetary terms, additionally, Brody played a detective in Hollywoodland. He has also appeared in Diet Coke and Schweppes commercials as well as Tori Amos music video for A Sorta Fairytale, on January 5,2006, Brody confirmed speculation that he was interested in playing the role of The Joker in 2008s The Dark Knight. However, Christopher Nolan and Warner Bros. decided instead to cast Heath Ledger in the role and he was also in talks with Paramount to play Spock in J. J. Abrams Star Trek XI, but it ultimately went to Zachary Quinto. In 2010, he starred in Splice, a fiction film written. Originally a Sundance film, Splice was adopted by Dark Castle Entertainment, most recently, he played the star role of Royce in Predators, directed by Nimród Antal and produced by Robert Rodriguez
Adrien Brody
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Brody at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
Adrien Brody
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Brody at the
2002 Cannes Film Festival.
32.
Prix Louis Delluc
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The Louis Delluc Prize is a French film award presented annually since 1937. The award is bestowed to the Best Film and Best First Film of the year on the week of each December. The jury is composed of 20 members, consisting of a group of film critics, the meeting is at le Fouquets restaurant in Champs-Élysées. The award was created in 1937 in view of the decision of the LAcadémie française to award its Grand Prix du Cinema to films that were created by French filmmakers. Twenty-four film critics including Maurice Bessy and Marcel Idzkowski established the prize to honor Louis Delluc, Maurice Bessy Pierre Bost Georges Charensol Nino Franck Marcel Idzkowski Roger Régent Louis Delluc Prize at the Internet Movie Database Louis Delluc Prize at AlloCiné
Prix Louis Delluc
–
Films by year (
Films A-Z)
33.
Munich Film Festival
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Munich International Film festival is the largest summer film festival in Germany and second only in size and importance to the Berlinale. It has been held annually since 1983 and takes place in late June and it presents feature films and feature-length documentaries. The festival is also proud of the role it plays in discovering talented, with the exception of retrospectives, tributes and homages, all of the films screened are German premieres and many are European and world premieres. There are a dozen competitions with prizes worth over €150,000 which are donated by the major sponsors and partners. With over 200 feature films and feature-length documentaries on 18 screens and it accredits more than 600 members of the international press and media as well as over 2500 film industry professionals. It has always been a meeting place for industry insiders throughout Germany. The festival center is located at Munich’s cultural center Gasteig, where screenings, panels, ceremonies and discussions take place, there are several participating movie theaters in the downtown area. The director of Filmfest München is Diana Iljine, who took over in August 2011, former directors are Andreas Ströhl and Eberhard Hauff, who ran the festival from its outset. The IMF also hosts the annual International Festival of Film Schools /Filmschoolfest in November, the festival’s program ranges from lavish productions to No Budget Films. Special attention is placed on fostering talented young filmmakers from Germany, the sections of the Filmfest München program are, This section includes films from internationally acclaimed directors. The films are in competition for the ARRI/OSRAM Award for Best Film, innovative first and second-time films by up-and-coming directors from around the world compete for the CineVision Award for Best Film by a New Director. The section focuses on new encounters with exciting filmmakers from around the world, young, uncompromising cinema from the USA, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Australia, Africa and Europe. The new productions in this section are all world premieres, up and coming filmmakers vie for the German Cinema New Talent Awards in the categories Best Director, Best Production, Best Actor & Actress and Best Screenplay. Many well-known German film directors such as Sönke Wortmann, Oskar Roehler, various Academy Award nominated films such as Beyond Silence by Caroline Link and The Story of the Weeping Camel by Byambasuren Davaa and Luigi Falorni had their world premieres in this section. This section features outstanding TV movies, all world premieres, which are in competition for the Bernd Burgemeister TV Movie Award. The section Homage consists of sidebars that honor the work of a particular filmmaker, specials that, for reasons of current interest, honor a particular filmmaker or artist with a selection of films. Recent tributes, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Julie Delpy, Nicolas Winding Refn, since 1983, Filmfest München has screened the new feature films and shorts for kids from around the world. Films that are enriching as well as entertaining, the children have the opportunity to vote for their favorite film to win the Kinderfilmfest Audience Award
Munich Film Festival
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Poster for the 2015 edition
34.
Toronto Film Critics Association
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The Toronto Film Critics Association is an organization of film reviewers from Toronto-based publications. As of 1999, the TFCA is member of FIPRESCI, the Toronto Film Critics Association is the official organization of Toronto-based broadcasters and journalists who critique films and provide commentary on them. Members represent all major print and electronic outlets in the city and they have juried festivals all over the world, from Cannes to Berlin, Venice to Toronto. Johnson, Angie Baldarrasse, Marc Glassman, Gemma Files and Wyndham Wise, prior to the official launch of the organization, two informal Toronto film critics’ polls appeared in Take One, Film in Canada, in issues #10 and #14, organized by Wise. The Association has an award, the Clyde Gilmour Award. Adam Nayman, Eye Weekly, Cinema Scope Andrew J. Parker, Dork Shelf, Criticize This
Toronto Film Critics Association
–
Toronto Film Critics Association
35.
Kowalski (song)
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Kowalski is a song by the Scottish band Primal Scream. It was released as a single on May 5,1997, the single went to number 8 on the UK Singles Chart. The song contains samples of Halleluhwah by Can and Get Off Your Ass, the song is featured in Olivier Assayass 2014 film Clouds of Sils Maria. Irvine Welsh scripted the video for the albums first single, Kowalski and was directed by Steve Hanft, the video features a Dodge Challenger being stolen by Kate Moss and Devon Aoki who then track down and beat up the band. The bands lead singer, Bobby Gillespie described the video as a cross between Faster Pussycat, Kill,12 Kowalski Kowalski CD Kowalski Know Your Rights 96 Tears Kowalski CD5 Kowalski Kowalski Know Your Rights 96 Tears Kowalski
Kowalski (song)
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"Kowalski"
36.
Primal Scream
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Primal Scream are a British rock band originally formed in 1982 in Glasgow by Bobby Gillespie and Jim Beattie. The current lineup consists of Gillespie, Andrew Innes, Martin Duffy, Simone Butler, Barrie Cadogan has toured and recorded with the band since 2006 as a replacement after the departure of guitarist Robert Throb Young. The band performed throughout 1982–1984, but their career did not take off until Gillespie left his position as drummer of The Jesus and their 1991 album Screamadelica broke the band into the mainstream. Their latest album Chaosmosis was released on 18 March 2016, Bobby Gillespie moved to Mount Florida, in southeastern Glasgow. There he attended Kings Park Secondary School, where he first met Robert Young, another schoolfriend was Alan McGee, who took Gillespie to his first gig, a Thin Lizzy concert. McGee and Gillespie were heavily influenced by rock, and they joined a local punk band, The Drains. The Drains guitarist was a 15-year-old Andrew Innes, the band was short-lived, and Innes and McGee moved to London while Gillespie chose to remain in Glasgow. After the punk movement ended, Gillespie became disenchanted with mainstream new wave music and he met up with another schoolfriend who shared his outlook, Jim Beattie, and recorded elemental noise tapes, in which Gillespie would bang two dustbin lids together and Beattie played fuzz-guitar. They soon moved on to Velvet Underground and Byrds cover songs before starting to write their own songs, based on Jah Wobble, Gillespie later said that the band didnt really exist, but we did it every night for something to do. They named themselves Primal Scream, a term for a type of cry heard in primal therapy, still essentially a partnership, Primal Scream first played live in 1982. Their first recording session, for McGees independent label Essential Records, was a track entitled The Orchard. Beattie later claimed that they burned the master tape, after the aborted recording, Gillespie joined The Jesus and Mary Chain as their drummer, and alternated between both bands. This lineup was signed to Creation Records, an independent record label founded by Alan McGee, and recorded the debut single, All Fall Down. After the release of the single, Gillespie was told by Mary Chain leaders William, Gillespie chose to remain with Primal Scream. Stuart May was replaced by Paul Harte, and the then released a new single. The b-side, Velocity Girl, was released on the C86 compilation, the band strongly disliked this, with Gillespie saying that they cant play their instruments and they cant write songs. The band toured throughout 1986, and Gillespie became disenchanted with the quality of their performances and he said that there was always something missing, musically or in attitude. The band switched to McGees newly set-up Warner Bros. subsidiary Elevation Records, before the band entered Rockfield Studios in Wales to record their debut album, McGurk was asked to leave the band
Primal Scream
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Primal Scream performing in
Southampton on 29 November 2006.
Primal Scream
–
At Summercase, 2008
37.
Georg Friedrich Handel
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George Frideric Handel was a German, later British baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712 and he was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition. Within fifteen years, Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera, musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that Handel was not only a great composer, he was a dramatic genius of the first order. As Alexanders Feast was well received, Handel made a transition to English choral works, after his success with Messiah he never composed an Italian opera again. Almost blind, and having lived in England for nearly fifty years, he died in 1759 and his funeral was given full state honours, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London. Handel was born in 1685 in Halle-on-Saal, Duchy of Magdeburg, to Georg Händel and his father,63 when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Georg Händel was the son of a coppersmith, Valentin Händel who had emigrated from Eisleben in 1608 with his first wife Anna Belching and they were Protestants and chose reliably Protestant Saxony over Silesia, a Hapsburg possession as religious tensions mounted in the years before the Thirty Years War. Halle was a prosperous city, home of a salt-mining industry. Even the smaller churches all had able organists and fair choirs, and humanities, the Thirty Years War brought extensive destruction to Halle, and by the 1680s it was impoverished. But since the middle of the war the city was under the administration of the Duke of Saxony, the arts and music, however, flourished only among the higher strata, which did not describe Handels family. Handel was the child of this marriage, the first son died still born. Two younger sisters were born after the birth of George Frideric, Dorthea Sophia, born 6 October 1687 and Johanna Christiana, born 10 January 1690. Early in his life Handel is reported to have attended the gymnasium in Halle, Mainwaring is the source for almost all information of Handels childhood, and much of that information came from J. C. Smith, Jr. Handels confidant and copyist. Whether they came from Smith or elsewhere, Mainwaring frequently relates misinformation and it is from Mainwaring that the portrait of Handels father as implacably opposed to any musical education comes. This did nothing to dampen young Handels inclination, in fact, Mainwaring tells the story of Handels secret attic spinnet, Handel found means to get a little clavichord privately conveyd to a room at the top of the house. To this room he constantly stole when the family was asleep, but Handel had to have had some experience with the keyboard to have made the impression in Weissenfels that resulted in his receiving formal musical training. Somehow Handel made his way to the organ, where he surprised everyone with his playing. Overhearing this performance and noting the youth of the performer caused the Duke to recommend to Georg Händel that Handel be given musical instruction, Handels father engaged the organist at the Halle parish church, the young Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, to instruct Handel
Georg Friedrich Handel
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Portrait of Handel, by
Balthasar Denner (c. 1726–1728)
Georg Friedrich Handel
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Handel's baptismal registration (Marienbibliothek in
Halle)
Georg Friedrich Handel
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Händel-Haus (2009) – birthplace of George Frideric Handel
Georg Friedrich Handel
–
Entrance of Teatro del Cocomero in Florence
38.
Johann Pachelbel
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Johann Pachelbel was a German composer, organist, and teacher who brought the south German organ tradition to its peak. Pachelbels music enjoyed enormous popularity during his lifetime, he had many pupils and his became an model for the composers of south. Today, Pachelbel is best known for the Canon in D, as well as the Chaconne in F minor, the Toccata in E minor for organ, and the Hexachordum Apollinis and he preferred a lucid, uncomplicated contrapuntal style that emphasized melodic and harmonic clarity. Pachelbel explored many variation forms and associated techniques, which manifest themselves in various diverse pieces, Johann Pachelbel was born in 1653 in Nuremberg into a middle-class family, son of Johann Pachelbel, a wine dealer, and his second wife Anna Maria Mair. The exact date of Johanns birth is unknown, but since he was baptized on September 1, during his early youth, Pachelbel received musical training from Heinrich Schwemmer, a musician and music teacher who later became the cantor of St. Sebaldus Church. Some sources indicate that Pachelbel also studied with Georg Caspar Wecker, organist of the church and an important composer of the Nuremberg school. In any case, both Wecker and Schwemmer were trained by Johann Erasmus Kindermann, one of the founders of the Nuremberg musical tradition, financial difficulties forced Pachelbel to leave the university after less than a year. In order to complete his studies he became a student, in 1670. The school authorities were so impressed by Pachelbels academic qualifications that he was admitted above the normal quota. Pachelbel was also permitted to study music outside the Gymnasium and his teacher was Kaspar Prentz, once a student of Johann Caspar Kerll. Prentz left for Eichstätt in 1672, at the time, Vienna was the center of the vast Habsburg empire and had much cultural importance, its tastes in music were predominantly Italian. Several renowned cosmopolitan composers worked there, many of them contributing to the exchange of musical traditions in Europe, in particular, Johann Jakob Froberger served as court organist in Vienna until 1657 and was succeeded by Alessandro Poglietti. Georg Muffat lived in the city for some time, and, most importantly, while there, he may have known or even taught Pachelbel, whose music shows traces of Kerlls style. Pachelbel spent five years in Vienna, absorbing the music of Catholic composers from southern Germany and Italy. In some respects, Pachelbel is similar to Haydn, who too served as a musician of the Stephansdom in his youth. In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin, in the employ of Johann Georg I and he met members of the Bach family in Eisenach, and became a close friend of Johann Ambrosius and tutor to his children. However, Pachelbel spent only one year in Eisenach, in 1678, Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena, Johann Georgs brother, died and during the period of mourning court musicians were greatly curtailed. He requested a testimonial from Eberlin, who wrote one for him, describing Pachelbel as a perfect, with this document, Pachelbel left Eisenach on May 18,1678
Johann Pachelbel
–
St. Sebaldus Church in Nuremberg, which played an important role in Pachelbel's life.
Johann Pachelbel
–
Predigerkirche, the Erfurt church, where Pachelbel worked for 12 years, starting in 1678.
Johann Pachelbel
–
Pachelbel's autograph letter
Johann Pachelbel
–
Pachelbel's tomb at the St. Rochus Cemetery (Rochuskirchhof) in Nuremberg
39.
Louis Spohr
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Louis Spohr, baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig, was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Spohr was the inventor of both the violin chinrest and the orchestral rehearsal mark and his output occupies a pivotal position between Classicism and Romanticism, but fell into obscurity following his death, when his music was rarely heard. The late 20th century saw a revival of interest in his oeuvre, Spohr was born in Braunschweig in the duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel to Karl Heinrich Spohr and Juliane Ernestine Luise Henke, but in 1786 the family moved to Seesen. Spohrs first musical encouragement came from his parents, his mother was a singer and pianist. A violinist named Dufour gave him his earliest violin teaching, the pupils first attempts at composition date from the early 1790s. Dufour, recognizing the musical talent, persuaded his parents to send him to Brunswick for further instruction. The failure of his first concert tour, a badly planned venture to Hamburg in 1799, a successful concert at the court impressed the duke so much that he engaged the 15-year-old Spohr as a chamber musician. In 1802, through the offices of the duke, he became the pupil of Franz Eck. Eck, who completely retrained Spohr in violin technique, was a product of the Mannheim school, Spohrs first notable compositions, including his Violin Concerto No. After his return home, the duke granted him leave to make a tour of North Germany. A concert in Leipzig in December 1804 brought the music critic Friedrich Rochlitz to his knees, not only because of Spohrs playing. This concert brought the young man overnight fame in the whole German-speaking world, in 1805, Spohr obtained a position as concertmaster at the court of Gotha, where he stayed until 1812. There he met the 18-year-old harpist and pianist Dorette Scheidler, daughter of one of the court singers and they were married on 2 February 1806, and lived happily until Dorettes death 28 years later. They performed successfully together as a violin and harp duo, touring in Italy, England and Paris, in 1808, Spohr practiced with Beethoven at the latters home, working on the Piano Trio, Op.70 No. Spohr wrote that the piano was out of tune and that Beethovens playing was harsh or careless, in 1812, Spohr conducted a concert in the Predigerkirche of the French-occupied Principality of Erfurt to celebrate Napoleons 43rd birthday. In Kassel on 3 January 1836, he married his second wife and she survived him by many years, living until 1892. In 1857 he was pensioned off, much against his own wish, and in the winter of the year he broke his arm. Nevertheless he conducted his opera Jessonda at the anniversary of the Prague Conservatorium in the following year
Louis Spohr
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Self-portrait
Louis Spohr
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Bust of Spohr
40.
Paramount Home Media Distribution
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Paramount Home Media Distribution is the home video distribution arm of Paramount Pictures founded in late 1975. PHMD distributes most of the assets owned by Viacoms parent National Amusements. This not only films by Paramount Pictures themselves, but also the back catalog of DreamWorks, shows from Viacom Media Networks. By products of the deal are the series of films based on the Transformers toy line. In 1993, Paramount launched a deal with fast food restaurant McDonalds to release several of its movies at participating restaurants, charlottes Web and The Addams Family were two of the films available. Films from Republic Pictures, Paramounts other subsidiary, are not distributed on video and DVD by PHMD, prior to 2012, these films were distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment, which was acquired from previous rights holder Artisan Entertainment. This deal later expanded to some of Paramounts own post-1949 films. Also, as a result of deal, Lionsgate has released in 2007 triple features of their own library of films on DVD using the package design originated by Paramount. With Republics folding, Lionsgates duty has been transferred to Olive, PHMD have developed a trademark by giving their Special Edition/Directors Cut editions different names rather than the usual Special Edition, or Directors Edition. Paramount Home Entertainment gives them different names such as Grease, The Rockin Rydell Edition, Beavis & Butthead Do America, The Edition That Doesnt Suck, the Dont Call Me Shirley Edition. Internationally, PHMD holds the DVD rights to shows on HBO. PHMD also distributes in Germany the DVD releases of films distributed theatrically by Prokino Filmverleih, as Paramount Home Video, the company once distributed several Miramax releases on video – the video rights to some of these films are still owned by Paramount. In 2008, PHMD launched a label, Paramount Famous Productions. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the Paramount Pictures film library were released by CIC Video alongside Universal Pictures until 1999 before CIC turned into Paramount Home Entertainment UK, on May 27,2010, IFC Films struck another home video distribution deal with Paramount Home Media Distribution. The deal came into effect as of January 1,2013, the deal began on July 1,2015 in the United Kingdom. Paramount brands the majority of its HD content under the label Paramount High Definition which is both on the title box cover and as an in-movie opening. In October 2005, Paramount announced that it would be supporting the HD video format Blu-ray in addition to rival format HD DVD and its first four HD DVD releases came in July 2006, and it released four titles on Blu-ray two months later. In August 2007, Paramount announced their support for HD DVD
Paramount Home Media Distribution
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Paramount Home Media Distribution
41.
Video on demand
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IPTV technology is often used to bring video on demand to televisions and personal computers. Internet television, using the Internet, is a popular form of video on demand. VOD can also be accessed via desktop client applications such as the Apple iTunes online content store, some airlines offer VOD as in-flight entertainment to passengers through individually controlled video screens embedded in seatbacks or armrests or offered via portable media players. Some video on demand services such as Netflix use a model that requires users to pay a monthly fee to access a bundled set of content. Other services use a model, where access is free for Internet users. Downloading and streaming video on demand systems provide the user all of the features of Portable media players. Some VOD systems that store and stream programs from hard drives use a memory buffer to allow the user to fast forward. It is possible to put video servers on local area networks, streaming video servers can also serve a wider community via a WAN, in which case the responsiveness may be reduced. Download VOD services are practical to homes equipped with cable modems or DSL connections, servers for traditional cable and telco VOD services are usually placed at the cable head-end serving a particular market as well as cable hubs in larger markets. In the telco world, they are placed in either the central office, the first Video on Demand systems used tapes as the realtime source of video streams. GTE started as a trial in 1990 with AT&T providing all components, by 1992 VOD servers were supplying previously encoded digital video from disks and DRAM. In the US the 1982 anti-trust break-up of AT&T resulted in a number of telephone companies called Baby Bells. Following this the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 prohibited telephone companies from providing services within their operating regions. All of these companies and others began holding trials to setup systems for supplying Video on Demand over telephone, in November 1992 Bell Atlantic announced a VOD trial. The IBM was developing video server code-named Tiger Shark, concurrently Digital Equipment was developing a scalable video server. Bell Atlantic selected IBM and April 1993 the system became the first VOD over ADSL to be deployed outside the lab, in 1994-5 US West went on to file for VOD at several cities. 330,000 subscribers in Denver,290,000 in Minneapolis, many VOD trials were held with various combinations of server, network and set-top. Of these the primary players in the US were the companies, using DEC, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, USA Video, nCube, SGI
Video on demand
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The
BBC iPlayer interface on the
Freesat digital service
42.
The Criterion Collection
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The Criterion Collection, Inc. is an American home video distribution company which focuses on licensing important classic and contemporary films and selling them to film aficionados. Criterion is noted for helping to standardize the format for widescreen films, bonus features, commentary tracks. The Criterion Collection company was founded in 1984 by Robert Stein, Aleen Stein, and Joe Medjuck, in 1985, the Steins, William Becker, and Jonathan B. Turell founded the Voyager Company, to publish educational multimedia CD-ROMs, in March 1994, Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbH bought 20 percent of Voyager for US$6.7 million, the 4 founders each retained a 20 percent owner’s share. Robert Stein sold 42 Voyager titles to LTI from his Voyager–Criterion company share, on November 4,2013, it was announced that Sony Pictures Home Entertainment will now handle distribution. In 1986, Charles Benton founded Home Vision Entertainment, the division of Public Media Inc. which he had previously founded in 1968. In 2005, Image Entertainment bought HVE, thus it became the distributor of Criterion Collection products. The Criterion Collection began to provide video-on-demand in partnership with MUBI in 2008, in February 2011, Criterion began switching its VOD offerings exclusively to Hulu Plus. In November 2016, FilmStruck, a streaming service from Turner Classic Movies. Criterion also maintains a YouTube channel with which it markets its films, in response, other users in YouTube have used the Three Reasons format to promote their own nominations. As of July 2016, no new Three Reasons video has released by Criterion since June 30,2015. On March 4,2016, British film magazine Sight & Sound revealed in their April 2016 issue that Criterion would be expanding its releases to the United Kingdom, the first six titles were released on April 18,2016. These ideas and the features introduced by the Criterion Collection have been highly influential. Thereafter, Criterion made letterboxing the standard presentation for all its releases of films shot in widescreen aspect ratios, the Criterion Collections second catalog title, King Kong, was the debut of the scene-specific audio commentary contained in a separate analog channel of the laserdisc. It featured US film historian Ronald Haver reporting about the production, cast, screenplay, production design and he also is the commentator for the Casablanca, Here Comes Mr. Jordan, Singin in the Rain, and The Wizard of Oz laserdiscs. The Criterion Collection began in 1984 with the releases of Citizen Kane and King Kong on laserdisc, originally, the Criterion company released art, genre, and mainstream movies on laserdisc. For example, Halloween, Ghostbusters, Bram Stokers Dracula, Armageddon, increasingly, the Criterion Collection has focused on releasing World cinema, mainstream cinema classics, and critically successful obscure movies. Using the best available materials, the company produced technologically improved
The Criterion Collection
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The original "Criterion" logo
43.
British Board of Film Classification
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It has a statutory requirement to classify videos, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 2010. The immediate impetus for the Boards formation stemmed from the surrounding the release in the UK in October 1912 of the film From the Manger to the Cross. The film, shown at the Queens Hall, London, gained considerable publicity from an outcry in the Daily Mail. And waxed indignant about the profits for its American film producers, although the clergy were invited to see it and found little to be affronted by, the controversy resulted in the voluntary creation of the BBFC, which began operating on 1 January 1913. The Boards legal basis was the Cinematograph Act 1909, which required cinemas to have licences from local authorities. Given that the law now allowed councils to grant or refuse licences to cinemas according to the content of the films they showed, the 1909 Act therefore enabled the introduction of censorship. The Boards offices were originally at 133-135 Oxford Street, London, the building is located at the junction of Wardour Street, some decisions from the early years are now subjected to derision. Informal links, to varying degrees of closeness, have been maintained between the BBFC and the Government throughout the Boards existence, in the period before the Second World War, an extensive but unofficial system of political censorship was implemented by the BBFC for the Home Office. This trend reached its climax during the 1930s, following protests from the German Embassy after the release of a film depicting the execution of Edith Cavell, intense political pressure was brought to bear on the BBFC by the Home Office. A system of script vetting was introduced, whereby British studios were invited to submit screenplays to the BBFC before shooting started. The increasing climate of post-war liberalism ensured that from the 1950s onwards, controversies involving the BBFC centred more on depictions of sex, in 1984 the organisation changed its name to reflect the fact that classification plays a far larger part in the Boards work than censorship. At that time it was responsibility for classifying videos for hire or purchase to view in the home as well as films shown in cinemas. The horror in both came through largely in their detailed prose. Had the game publishers reprinted the text in book form, it would not have carried a certificate. The first video game to be refused classification by the BBFC was Carmageddon in 1997, in June 2007, Manhunt 2 was refused classification in both its PlayStation 2 and Wii versions, meaning that the game was illegal to sell or supply. A modified version was made that was accepted by the ESRB but was refused classification from the BBFC. The second decision was overturned by the Video Appeals Committee. On 16 June 2009, the UKs Department of Culture, Media and Sport ruled in favour of the PEGI system to be the classification system for videogames
British Board of Film Classification
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British Board of Film Classification
44.
The Hollywood Reporter
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Headquartered in Los Angeles, THR is part of the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a group of properties that includes Billboard and SpinMedia. It is owned by Eldridge Industries, a company owned by an executive of its previous owner. Under Janice Min, a faltering THR was relaunched in 2010 as a weekly print magazine with a revamped, continuously updated website, as well as mobile. THR was founded in 1930 by William R, billy Wilkerson as Hollywoods first daily entertainment trade newspaper. The first edition appeared on September 3,1930, and featured Wilkersons front-page Tradeviews column, the newspaper appeared Monday to Saturday for the first 10 years, except for a brief period, then Monday to Friday from 1940. Wilkerson ran the THR until his death in September 1962, although his final column appeared 18 months prior, from the late 1930s, Wilkerson used THR to push the view that the industry was a communist stronghold. In particular, he opposed the screenplay writers trade union, the Screen Writers Guild, in 1946 the Guild considered creating an American Authors Authority to hold copyright for writers, instead of ownership passing to the studios. Wilkerson devoted his Tradeviews column to the issue on July 29,1946 and he went to confession before publishing it, knowing the damage it would cause, but was apparently encouraged by the priest to go ahead with it. The column contained the first industry names, including Dalton Trumbo and Howard Koch, on became the Hollywood blacklist. Eight of the 11 people Wilkerson named were among the Hollywood Ten who were blacklisted after hearings in 1947 by the House Un-American Activities Committee. In 1997 THR reporter David Robb wrote a story about the newspapers involvement, for the blacklists 65th anniversary in 2012, the THR published a lengthy investigative piece about Wilkersons role, by reporters Gary Baum and Daniel Miller. The same edition carried an apology from Wilkersons son, W. R. Wilkerson III and he wrote that his father had been motivated by revenge for his thwarted ambition to own a studio. Wilkersons wife, Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, took over as publisher and she sold the paper on April 11,1988, to Affiliated Publications, parent company of Billboard Publications, for $26.7 million. Robert J. Dowling became THR president in 1988 and editor-in-chief, Dowling brought in Alex Ben Block as editor in 1990, and editorial quality of both news and specials steadily improved. Block and Teri Ritzer dampened much of the coverage and cronyism that had infected the paper under Wilkerson. After Block left, former editor at Variety, Anita Busch, was brought in as editor between 1999 and 2001. Busch was credited with making the paper competitive with Variety, tony Uphoff assumed the publisher position in November 2005. Uphoff was replaced in October 2006 by John Kilcullen, the publisher of Billboard, Kilcullen was a defendant in Billboards infamous dildo lawsuit, in which he was accused of race discrimination and sexual harassment
The Hollywood Reporter
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Dwayne Johnson on the June 2014 cover
45.
Deadline.com
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Deadline. com, official name Deadline Hollywood, and previously known as news blog Deadline Hollywood Daily, is an online magazine founded by Nikki Finke in 2006. Owned by Jay Penske since 2009, it is a brand of the Penske Media Corporation, the site is updated several times a day, with the infotainment industry as its focus. Finke began writing her LA Weekly column Deadline Hollywood in June 2002, in 2009, she sold DHD to Mail. com Media for a reported seven-figure payday, under an agreement by which she would hire an additional writer but remain the sites editor. In September 2009, the URL was changed to deadline. com, in November 2013, Finke left Deadline after a year-long disagreement between herself and Penske, who had bought Variety, a competing trade magazine and website. In 2010, Nikki Finke hired Variety reporter Mike Fleming Jr. Finke remained the editor of Deadline Hollywood, official website About Deadline. com at PMC
Deadline.com
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Deadline.com
46.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
47.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo homepage
