The Clydesdale is a breed of draft horse named for and derived from the farm horses of Clydesdale, a county in Scotland. Although one of the smaller breeds of draught horses, it is now a tall breed. Bay in colour, they show significant white markings due to the presence of sabino genetics; the breed was used for agriculture and haulage, is still used for draught purposes today. The Budweiser Clydesdales are some of the most famous Clydesdales, other members of the breed are used as drum horses by the British Household Cavalry, they have been used to create and improve other breeds. The breed was developed from Flemish stallions crossed with local mares; the first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" for the breed was in 1826, by 1830, a system of hiring stallions had begun that resulted in the spread of Clydesdale horses throughout Scotland and into northern England. The first breed registry was formed in 1877. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of Clydesdales were exported from Scotland and sent throughout the world, including to Australia and New Zealand, where they became known as "the breed that built Australia".

During World War I, population numbers began to decline due to increasing mechanization and war conscription. This decline continued, by the 1970s, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust considered the breed vulnerable to extinction. Population numbers have increased in the intervening time, but they are still thought to be vulnerable; the conformation of the Clydesdale has changed throughout its history. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was a compact horse smaller than the Shire and Belgian. Beginning in the 1940s, breeding animals were selected to produce taller horses that looked more impressive in parades and shows. Today, the Clydesdale weighs 1,800 to 2,000 pounds; some mature males are larger, weighing up to 2,200 pounds. The breed has a straight or convex facial profile, broad forehead, wide muzzle, it is well muscled and strong, with an arched neck, high withers, a sloped shoulder. Breed associations pay close attention to the quality of the hooves and legs, as well as the general movement, their gaits are active, with lifted hooves and a general impression of power and quality.

Clydesdales are energetic, with a manner described by the Clydesdale Horse Society as a "gaiety of carriage and outlook". Clydesdales have been identified to be at risk for chronic progressive lymphedema, a disease with clinical signs that include progressive swelling and fibrosis of distal limbs, similar to chronic lymphedema in humans. Another health concern is a skin condition on the lower leg. Colloquially called "Clyde's itch". Clydesdales are known to develop sunburn on any pink skin around their faces. Clydesdales are bay in colour, but a roaning pattern, black and chestnut occur. Most have white markings, including white on the face and legs, occasional body spotting, they have extensive feathering on their lower legs. Roaning, body spotting, extensive white markings are thought to be the result of sabino genetics; some Clydesdale breeders want white leg markings without the spotting on the body. To attempt getting the ideal set of markings, they breed horses with only one white leg to horses with four white legs and sabino roaning on their bodies.

On average, the result is a foal with the desired amount of white markings. Clydesdales do not have the Sabino 1 gene responsible for causing sabino expressions in many other breeds, researchers theorise that several other genes are responsible for these patterns. Many buyers pay a premium for bay and black horses those with four white legs and white facial markings. Specific colours are preferred over other physical traits, some buyers choose horses with soundness problems if they have the desired colour and markings. Roan horses are not preferred by buyers, despite one draught-breed writer theorizing that they are needed to keep the desired coat colours and texture. Breed associations, state that no colour is bad, that horses with roaning and body spots are accepted; the Clydesdale takes its name from Clydesdale, the old name for Lanarkshire, noted for the River Clyde. In the mid-18th century, Flemish stallions were imported to Scotland and bred to local mares, resulting in foals that were larger than the existing local stock.

These included a black unnamed stallion imported from England by a John Paterson of Lochlyloch and an unnamed dark-brown stallion owned by the Duke of Hamilton. Another prominent stallion was a 16.1 hands coach horse stallion of unknown lineage named Blaze. Written pedigrees were kept of these foals beginning in the early 19th century, in 1806, a filly known as "Lampits mare" after the farm name of her owner, was born that traced her lineage to the black stallion; this mare is listed in the ancestry of every Clydesdale living today. One of her foals was Thompson's Black Horse, to have a significant influence on the Clydesdale breed; the first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" in reference to the breed was in 1826 at an exhibition in Glasgow. Another theory of their origin, that of them descending from Flemish horses brought to Scotland as early as the 15th century, was promulgated in the late 18th century; however the author of that theory admitted that the common story of their ancestry is more likely.

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Raymond du Puy was a knight from Dauphiné in France and the second superior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem from c. 1121 until shortly before his death. He was maybe the son of Hugues du Puy, lord of Pereins and Rochefort in Dauphiné. Raymond du Puy developed the Knights Hospitaller into a strong military force, he is said to have taken over the management of the leprosarium outside Jerusalem that broke off from the Order of St. John to become the Order of Saint Lazarus, becoming its seventh master just before his death. Raymond du Puy divided the membership of the Order into clerical and serving brothers and established the first significant Hospitaller infirmary near the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, he was present at the capture of Ascalon in 1153. Pierre d'Avity, Johann Ludwig Gottfried, Archontologia cosmica, sive imperiorum, principatuum, rerumque publicarum omnium per totum terrarum orbem commentarii luculentissimi... Frankfurt, p. 32. U. Chevalier, G. Rivoire de La Batie / Famille Du Puy, Raymond du Puy.

Martin Helme is an Estonian politician and the Minister of Finance since 29 April 2019. From March 2015 to April 2019, he served as the leader of the parliamentary group of Conservative People's Party of Estonia a national-conservative party, but in the media referred to as far-right, he is the son of the leader of the party, Mart Helme. After EKRE's inclusion in the governing coalition after the 2019 electoral vote, Helme was appointed to Jüri Ratas' second cabinet as Estonia's finance minister. Martin Helme's views have been described as populist; as one of the key figures in the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, Martin Helme advocates for national conservatism. He has been an opponent of Estonia's membership in the European Union and the use of the Euro as currency, he has claimed that immigration is endangering the sovereignty of European states, including Estonia. Helme has been a vocal critic of the UN's Migration Pact. In the areas of civil rights, Martin Helme has campaigned against the passing of the cohabitation act in Estonia, created to give LGBT couples a chance to register a civil partnership.

He has campaigned to repeal the cohabitation act. He has been a vocal critic of the freedom to use Russian language in the Estonian educational system by the members of the Russian-speaking minority, he has been against the idea of adding a Russian-language song to the Estonian Song Festival. Martin Helme - a board member of EKRE - gained notoriety in 2013 when he expressed his views on immigration during a TV interview Commenting on riots in segregated suburbs in Sweden: "Estonia shouldn't allow things to go as far as in England and Sweden. Our immigration policy should have one simple rule: if black, show the door; as simple as that. We shouldn't allow this problem to emerge in the first place." In Estonian, the saying rhymed:, causing the slogan to get widespread notoriety, with it becoming one of the main slogans connected to EKRE. Martin Helme claimed in March of 2019, that he expressed that saying back in 2013, when he wasn't yet a politician, but since it's become so widespread, it will stick with him forever.

He refused to condemn or take back the saying, claiming that he will forever stand against mass immigration. "Our immigration policy should have one simple rule: If black, show the door. We will not let the problem appear." "I want Estonia to be a white country" "I refuse to let politically correct canons to tell me what expressions I can use to express myself in politics." In 2019, Helme caused minor controversy by publicly flashing the "OK" hand gesture, a hand signal, co-opted by supporters of white supremacy. Riigikogu profile