Coastal erosion
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Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice,
Heavy marine erosion: cliff fall at Hunstanton in the east of England
Sea erosion at Valiyathura Kerala, India
Tunnel-like structures formed by erosion in Jinshitan Coastal National Geopark, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
Pacifica, California coast after major storms in 1997 (resulting from the strongest El Niño on record) destroyed the houses shown above.
Groyne
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A groyne or groin is a rigid aquatic structure built perpendicularly from an ocean shore or a river bank, interrupting water flow and limiting the movement of sediment. It is usually made out of wood,
Coastal erosion
…hard-erosion controls, and relocation. Hard-erosion control methods provide a more permanent solution than soft-erosion control methods. Seawalls and groynes serve as semi-permanent infrastructure. These structures are not immune from normal wear-and-tear and will have to be refurbished or rebuilt. It is…
Groynes in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain
Rock groyne at Sea Bright Beach, New Jersey.
Wooden groyne, Mundesley, UK
Lumberville Wing Dam on the Delaware River at Bulls Island, New Jersey. Some water is pouring over the wing dams or groins; there is a navigation channel between them.