The so-called Codex Wallerstein or Vonn Baumanns Fechtbuch is a 16th-century convolution of three 15th-century fechtbuch manuscripts, with a total of 221 pages.
The first page shows a fencer with various arms.
Illustration of a half-sword thrust against a mordhau in armoured longsword combat. (Plate 214)
Martial arts manuals are instructions, with or without illustrations, specifically designed to be learnt from a book. Many books detailing specific techniques of martial arts are often erroneously called manuals but were written as treatises.
Example of an illustration of half-sword, c. 1418: Islan the monk executes a half-sword thrust against Volker the minstrel (CPG 359, fol. 46v).
fol. 2r of the Cod. 44 A 8, depicting two fencers in the vom tag and alber wards.
Illustration of a half-sword thrust against a mordhau in armoured longsword combat. (Plate 214) Codex Wallerstein.
Unarmed fighting from the Jixiao Xinshu (1560s)