Coldfoot Airport
Coldfoot Airport is a state-owned, public-use airport located in Coldfoot, in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U. S. state of Alaska. Coldfoot Airport covers an area of 288 acres at an elevation of 1,042 feet above mean sea level, it has one runway designated 1/19 with a gravel surface measuring 4,000 by 100 feet. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 1,000 aircraft operations, an average of 83 per month: 80% air taxi and 20% general aviation. FAA Terminal Procedures for CXF, effective March 28, 2019 Resources for this airport: FAA airport information for CXF AirNav airport information for PACX ASN accident history for CXF FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker SkyVector aeronautical chart for PACX
Yukon–Koyukuk School District
Yukon–Koyukuk School District is a school district headquartered in College, a census-designated place in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska. It serves the Yukon–Koyukuk area. Allakaket School Gladys Dart School Andrew K. Demoski School Jimmy Huntington School Kaltag School Merreline A. Kangas School Minto School Johnny Oldman School Ella B. Vernetti School Students may receive services from the Raven Homeschool statewide homeschooling program. Closed schools: Bettles - Bettles Field School Coldfoot Wiseman Yukon–Koyukuk School District website
Area code 907
Area code 907 covers the state of Alaska, except for the small southeastern community of Hyder, which uses area codes 236, 250 and 778 of neighboring Stewart, British Columbia. Despite having telephone service to the contiguous US via a terrestrial line from Juneau since 1937, Alaska was not included in the North American Numbering Plan until after the Alaska submarine cable was opened for traffic in 1956; the Alaska numbering plan area was assigned the area code 907, entered service in 1957. The Alaska numbering plan area is geographically the largest of any in the United States, it is the second-largest on the NANP and on the entire North American continent behind 867, which serves Canada's northern territories. Because the Aleutian Islands of Alaska cross longitude 180, the Anti-Meridian, 907 may be considered to be both the farthest west and the farthest east of all area codes in the NANP. Due to Alaska's low population, 907 is one of only 12 remaining area codes serving an entire state.
It is not projected to be exhausted until 2029. Many calls within Alaska are long-distance calls and must be dialed with the leading 1-907, except for cellphone services. Local calls and cellphone calls for long-distance service within Alaska, only require seven-digit dialing. At the time of its creation, area code 907 was one of the two longest area codes to dial on a rotary phone, taking 26 pulses to dial out in an era before the first touch tone phones; this is the same number of pulses as Hawaii's area code 808, introduced the same year. List of NANP area codes NANPA Area Code Map of Alaska List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 907 Area Code
Allakaket, Alaska
Allakaket is a second class city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area of the Unorganized Borough of the U. S. state of Alaska. The population was 105 at the 2010 census. Several Native groups have lived in the area, including Koyukon Athabascans and Kobuk and Nunamiut Eskimos from the north and northwest; the Koyukon lived in several camps throughout the year, moving as the seasons changed, following the wild game and fish. The various bands established joint settlements after 1851; the old site of Alatna was a traditional trading center for Eskimos. The first mission on the Koyukuk River, St. John's-in-the-Wilderness Episcopal Mission, was established in 1906. A post office was opened in 1925. In 1938, the name of the community was changed to Allakaket, the name Alatna was assumed by the small Eskimo community across the river; the first public school was established in 1957. A flood caused by ice jamming inundated 85% of the community in the Spring of 1964. In 1975, the community incorporated including both settlements of Allakaket and Alatna.
A clinic and airport were built in 1978. A new school and community roads were built in 1979. In September 1994, flood waters destroyed and swept away nearly all of the community's buildings and food caches for the winter. Residents rebuilt near the old City site, but some new homes and facilities are now located outside of the incorporated City boundaries. New Allakaket and Alatna are located outside of the City limits. A federally recognized tribe is located in the community—the Allakaket Village; the population of the community consists of 95.9% Alaska Native or part Native. Allakaket is an Athabascan community. Two separate village councils exist. Traditional potlatches and foot races attract visitors from area villages. Subsistence activities provide the majority of food sources. Sale and possession of alcohol are banned in the village. Allakaket is located at 66°33′48″N 152°38′50″W Allakaket is located in the Fairbanks Recording District. Allakaket is on the south bank of the Koyukuk River, southwest of its junction with the Alatna River 190 miles northwest of Fairbanks and 57 miles upriver from Hughes.
The village of Alatna is located directly across the river. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles, of which, 3.6 square miles of it is land and 0.7 square miles of it is water. Allakaket has a subarctic climate characterized by mild summers; the average high temperature during July is 70 °F or 21.1 °C. Temperatures in January fall to or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C on all but four mornings, during December and February on all but six per month, whilst extended periods below −40 °F or −40 °C are common: the coldest month on record of January 1971 averaged −44.9 °F. Being further from the Alaska Range than Fairbanks, Allakaket is less influenced by warming chinook winds, so that temperatures have topped freezing in January only six times on record, in December only ten times of record; the highest temperature recorded was 94 °F and the lowest was −75 °F. Average precipitation is 12.41 inches or 315.2 millimetres and annual snowfall is 61.3 inches or 1.56 metres.
The Koyukuk River is ice-free from June through October. Allakaket first appeared on the 1920 U. S. Census as an unincorporated native village. In 1930, it and neighboring Alatna were combined for a total of 131. Allakaket formally incorporated in 1975; as of the census of 2000, there were 97 people, 41 households, 18 families residing in the city. The population density was 27.0 people per square mile. There were 59 housing units at an average density of 16.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 4.12% White, 95.88% Native American. There were 41 households out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.7% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 53.7% were non-families. 53.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.4% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.68. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.7% under the age of 18, 19.6% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older.
The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 155.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $16,563, the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $13,750 versus $35,417 for females; the per capita income for the city was $10,912. There were 11.8% of families and 12.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 12.5% of under eighteens and none of those over 64. Most public facilities were damaged in the 1994 Koyukuk River flood. Major components have been replaced—a new washeteria and treatment plant, 100,000 US gallons water storage tank, sewage lagoon, force main have been completed; the lagoon is connected to the school. Residents carry treated wate
Alaska Senate
The Alaska Senate is the upper house in the Alaska Legislature, the state legislature of the U. S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet and boards. With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state upper house legislative chamber in the United States, its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of 35,512 people, per 2010 Census figures. They are not subject to term limits; the Alaska Senate shares the responsibility for making laws in the state of Alaska. Bills are developed by staff from information from the bill's sponsor. Bills undergo four readings during the legislative process. After the first reading, they are assigned to committee. Committees can hold legislation and prevent it from reaching the Senate floor. Once a committee has weighed in on a piece of legislation, the bill returns to the floor for second hearing and a third hearing, which happens just before the floor vote on it.
Once passed by the Senate, a bill is sent to the opposite legislative house for consideration. If approved, without amendment, it is sent to the governor. If there is amendment, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee to work out differences in the versions of the bill passed by each chamber. Once a piece of legislation approved by both houses is forwarded to the governor, it may either be signed or vetoed. If it is signed, it takes effect on the effective date of the legislation. If it is vetoed, lawmakers in a joint session may override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote; the Alaska Senate has the sole responsibility in the state's legislative branch for confirming gubernatorial appointees to positions that require confirmation. Current committees include: Past partisan compositions can be found on Political party strength in Alaska. Senators must be a qualified voter and resident of Alaska for no less than three years, a resident of the district from which elected for one year preceding filing for office.
A senator must be at least 25 years old at the time. Senators may expel a member with the concurrence of two-thirds of the membership of the body; this has happened only once in Senate history. On February 5, 1982, the Senate of the 12th Legislature expelled Bethel senator George Hohman from the body. Hohman was convicted of bribery in conjunction with his legislative duties on December 24, 1981, had defiantly refused to resign from his seat. Expulsion was not a consideration during the 2003–2010 Alaska political corruption probe, as Ben Stevens and John Cowdery were the only Senators who were subjects of the probe and neither sought reelection in 2008. Legislative terms begin on the second Monday in January following a presidential election year and on the third Tuesday in January following a gubernatorial election; the term of senators is four years and half of the senators are up for election every two years. The President of the Senate presides over the body, appointing members to all of the Senate's committees and joint committees, may create other committees and subcommittees if desired.
Unlike many other states, the Lieutenant Governor of Alaska does not preside over the Senate. Instead, the Lieutenant Governor oversees the Alaska Division of Elections, fulfilling the role of Secretary of State. Only two other states and Utah, have similar constitutional arrangements for their lieutenant governors; the other partisan Senate leadership positions, such as the Majority and Minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses to head their parties in the chamber. ↑: Senator was appointed^a: Caucuses with the Republican-led majority Alaska House of Representatives Alaska State Capitol List of Alaska State Legislatures Alaska State Senate official government website Project Vote Smart – State Senate of Alaska
Deadhorse, Alaska
Deadhorse is an unincorporated community located within the CDP of Prudhoe Bay in North Slope Borough, United States, along the North Slope near the Arctic Ocean. The town consists of facilities for the workers and companies that operate at the nearby Prudhoe Bay Oil Field. Deadhorse is accessible via the Dalton Highway from 495 mi south, or Deadhorse Airport. Limited accommodation is available for tourists; the permanent population is variously listed as being between 50 residents. Temporary residents can range as high as 3,000. Companies with facilities in Deadhorse service Prudhoe Bay, nearby oil fields, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, which brings oil from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez on the south-central Alaska coast. Facilities in Deadhorse are built on man-made gravel pads and consist of pre-fabricated modules shipped to Deadhorse via barge or air cargo; the Prudhoe Bay, area was developed to house personnel, provide support for drilling operations, transport oil to the Alaskan pipeline. Prior to 1977, oil seeps on the Arctic coastal plain had caught the attention of the U.
S. petroleum interests. The U. S. Navy drilled for oil between 1953 with little success. However, in 1967, after several attempts at drilling for oil, oil company mergers, competitive bidding for state lease sales, the Prudhoe Bay oil field was discovered. Sources conflict on the origin of the area's name; the most cited theory appears to be that the area takes its name from a local business prominent in the late 1960s and 1970s, the "Dead Horse Haulers" trucking company. How the trucking company got its name remains in dispute. Deadhorse first appeared on the 1970 U. S. Census as an unincorporated village, it was made a census-designated place in 1980. It appeared last on the 1990 census. After 2000, it was merged into the Prudhoe Bay CDP. Tourists traveling to Deadhorse and Prudhoe Bay take tour buses from Fairbanks via the James Dalton Highway, a two-day journey with an overnight stop in Coldfoot. During the summer months, visitors can arrange for tours to the arctic ocean via a guided tour only.
There is no longer any public Arctic Ocean access from Deadhorse. All tours must be booked 24 hours in advance to allow time for background checks on all passengers going through the oilfield check point. Tourists can experience the midnight sun due to Deadhorse's location above the Arctic Circle. In winter, the opposite phenomenon, polar night, occurs; the area features large herds of caribou and over 200 bird and waterfowl species, including geese, swans and eagles. Other indigenous wildlife include Arctic foxes, Arctic ground squirrels, grizzly bears, polar bears, musk oxen, Arctic hares; because alcoholic beverages are not sold in Deadhorse, a humorous slogan for the town is "All that far and still no bar."This is the beginning or end of an Iron Butt Association motorcycle rider challenge called "The Ultimate Coast to Coast". This ride starts from Key West and gives riders 30 days to reach Deadhorse, Alaska, it is the midpoint of the "Haul Road 1000" and the beginning or end of the "Alaska Insanity Gold" challenge.
Deadhorse features a borderline semi-arid-tundra climate, as the warmest month, has a daily average temperature of only 47 °F. The mean annual temperature is 12 °F, with daytime temperatures reliably remaining below freezing from early/mid October to late April; as the area is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2, temperatures below −40 °F/°C can be expected during the height of winter. Longest day: 63 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes Shortest day: 45 min Longest night: 54 days, 22 hours, 51 min Shortest night: 26 min Highest recorded temperature: 85 °F on 13 July 2016 Lowest recorded temperature: −62 °F on 27 January 1989 Highest wind speed recorded: 95 knots on 25 February 1989 Official lowest wind chill: −102 °F on 28 January 1989 and wind speed of 31 kn Deadhorse is classified as an isolated town/Sub-Regional Center, it is found in EMS Region 6A in the North Slope Region. Emergency Services have limited highway and airport access. Emergency service is provided by Fairweather Deadhorse Medical Clinic.
Auxiliary health care is provided by oil company medical staff and the Greater Prudhoe Bay Fire Dept. Individuals requiring hospital care are transported to the nearest hospital/medical center, Sammuel Simmonds Memorial Hospital, in Utqiagvik, Alaska; because no roads connect Deadhorse to Utqiagvik, individuals are transported by helicopter. A fictionalized version of Deadhorse, AK appears in the Deadhorse comic book series, by Eric Grissom, Phil Sloan, Marissa Louise, David Halvorson. Deadhorse is the subject of the second episode of America's Toughest Jobs Deadhorse is featured on the third through sixth seasons of Ice Road Truckers, a reality television series airing on the History Channel.
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is applied to living organisms, most of the time to humans, it is a key geographical term. In simple terms population density refers to the number of people living in an area per kilometer square. Population density is population divided by total land water volume, as appropriate. Low densities may lead to further reduced fertility; this is called the Allee effect after the scientist. Examples of the causes in low population densities include: Increased problems with locating sexual mates Increased inbreeding For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area quoted per square kilometer or square mile; this may be calculated for a county, country, another territory or the entire world. The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area is 510,000,000 square kilometers. Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per km2. If only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account human population density is 50 per km2.
This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is excluded population density rises to over 55 people per km2. However, over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human habitation, such as deserts and high mountains, population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh-water sources. Thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states and dependencies; these territories have a small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation The potential to maintain the agricultural aspects of deserts is limited as there is not enough precipitation to support a sustainable land. The population in these areas are low. Therefore, cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai, have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace.
Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa fall into this category. City population and area are, however dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are invariably higher for the central city area than when suburban settlements and the intervening rural areas are included, as in the areas of agglomeration or metropolitan area, the latter sometimes including neighboring cities. For instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, the surrounding suburbs excluded. In comparison, based on a world population of seven billion, the world's inhabitants, as a loose crowd taking up ten square feet per person, would occupy a space a little larger than Delaware's land area; the Gaza Strip has a population density of 5,046 pop/km.
Although arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide a more accurate measure of population density over a specific area. Arithmetic density: The total number of people / area of land Physiological density: The total population / area of arable land Agricultural density: The total rural population / area of arable land Residential density: The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land Urban density: The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land Ecological optimum: The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources Demography Human geography Idealized population Optimum population Population genetics Population health Population momentum Population pyramid Rural transport problem Small population size Distance sampling List of population concern organizations List of countries by population density List of cities by population density List of city districts by population density List of English districts by population density List of European cities proper by population density List of United States cities by population density List of islands by population density List of U.
S. states by population density List of Australian suburbs by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density Duncan Smith / UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. "World Population Density". Exploratory map shows data from the Global Human Settlement Layer produced by the European Commission JRC and the CIESIN Columbia University
Media related to Coldfoot, Alaska at Wikimedia Commons
Coldfoot travel guide from Wikivoyage
