Colfax massacre
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The Colfax massacre, sometimes referred to as the Colfax riot, occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the parish seat of Grant Parish. An estimated 62–153 Black militia men were murdered while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the Ku Klux Klan. Three white men also died during the confrontation.
Gathering the dead after the Colfax massacre, published in Harper's Weekly, May 10, 1873
Former historical marker in Colfax. Erected in 1950, the marker was removed in May 2021 due to allegedly biased language (it uses the term "riot" and refers to the incident as "the end of carpetbag misrule in the South").
“Liberty Monument”, a piece of pottery which was created in 1873 by white artists Wallace and Cornwall Kirkpatrick, owners of Anna Pottery in Anna, Illinois. It depicts Lady Liberty at the top, it depicts the Colfax massacre as its main scene, and it also depicts Schuyler Colfax, criticizing his involvement in the Crédit Mobilier scandal. This photo was taken at the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library in 2022.
United States v. Cruikshank
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United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that the U.S. Bill of Rights did not limit the power of private actors or state governments despite the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. It reversed the federal criminal convictions for the civil rights violations committed in aid of anti-Reconstruction murders. Decided during the Reconstruction Era, the case represented a major defeat for federal efforts to protect the civil rights of African Americans.
The Waite Court in 1876