Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. The main steps inherent to all communication are: The formation of communicative motivation or reason. Message composition. Message encoding. Transmission of the encoded message as a sequence of signals using a specific channel or medium. Noise sources such as natural forces and in some cases human activity begin influencing the quality of signals propagating from the sender to one or more receivers. Reception of signals and reassembling of the encoded message from a sequence of received signals. Decoding of the reassembled encoded message. Interpretation and making sense of the presumed original message; the scientific study of communication can be divided into: Information theory which studies the quantification and communication of information in general. The channel of communication can be visual, tactile/haptic, electromagnetic, or biochemical. Human communication is unique for its extensive use of abstract language.

Development of civilization has been linked with progress in telecommunication. Nonverbal communication describes the processes of conveying a type of information in a form of non-linguistic representations. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, body language, facial expressions, eye contact etc. Nonverbal communication relates to the intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation and stress. It establishes trust. Written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, the spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion. Nonverbal communication demonstrates one of Paul Watzlawick's laws: you cannot not communicate. Once proximity has formed awareness, living creatures begin interpreting; some of the functions of nonverbal communication in humans are to complement and illustrate, to reinforce and emphasize, to replace and substitute, to control and regulate, to contradict the denotative message.

Nonverbal cues are relied on to express communication and to interpret others' communication and can replace or substitute verbal messages. However, non-verbal communication is ambiguous; when verbal messages contradict non-verbal messages, observation of non-verbal behaviour is relied on to judge another's attitudes and feelings, rather than assuming the truth of the verbal message alone. There are several reasons as to why non-verbal communication plays a vital role in communication: "Non-verbal communication is omnipresent." They are included in every single communication act. To have total communication, all non-verbal channels such as the body, voice, touch, distance and other environmental forces must be engaged during face-to-face interaction. Written communication can have non-verbal attributes. E-mails and web chats allow an individual's the option to change text font colours, stationary and capitalization in order to capture non-verbal cues into a verbal medium. "Non-verbal behaviours are multifunctional."

Many different non-verbal channels are engaged at the same time in communication acts and allow the chance for simultaneous messages to be sent and received. "Non-verbal behaviours may form a universal language system." Smiling, pointing and glaring are non-verbal behaviours that are used and understood by people regardless of nationality. Such non-verbal signals allow the most basic form of communication when verbal communication is not effective due to language barriers. Verbal communication is the written conveyance of a message. Human language can be defined as a system of symbols and the grammars by which the symbols are manipulated; the word "language" refers to common properties of languages. Language learning occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the large number of human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for symbols which enable communication with others around them. Languages tend to share certain properties. There is no defined line between a dialect. Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages, various mathematical formalisms are not restricted to the properties shared by human languages.

As mentioned, language can be characterized as symbolic. Charles Ogden and I. A Richards developed The Triangle of Meaning model to explain the symbol, the referent, the meaning; the properties of language are governed by rules. Language follows phonological rules, syntactic rules, semantic rules, pragmatic rules; the meanings that are attached to words can be otherwise known as denotative.

Demi Evans an American vocalist and lyricist from Dallas, Texas. Demi Evans was born in the 1960s in North Dallas, she was raised by her grandmother, a singer in the clubs of Dallas. This gave Evans the opportunity to meet singers such as Johnnie Taylor; when she was fourteen, he worked at the Dallas Morning News. In Los Angeles, she was used the income to pay for acting lessons, she moved to New York in the middle of the 1980s and started performing in a comedy acts where she imitated singer Grace Jones. She was Christian Lacroix in Paris, Milan, or Vienna. Evans worked with DJ Sven Väth, she released a few pop singles. Back in the U. S. she began working with Stevie Wonder. She returned to Europe. During the summer of 1995, she was in a car accident. After a long recovery, she decided to live in Paris and work with drummer Paco Séry and Fred Morisset, she has worked in the group of Jean-Jacques Milteau. Evans released her first album, Why Do You Run, in the spring of 2006 and toured European jazz festivals.

In 2007 she sang at the Olympia. Why Do You Run Fragile, Jean-Jacques Milteau Live, Hot'n Blue Jean-Jacques Milteau

A number of major airlines have declared bankruptcy and have either ceased operations, or reorganized under bankruptcy protection. Airlines, like any business, are susceptible to economic difficulties; the economic structure of the airline industry may contribute to airline bankruptcies as well. One major element in every airline bankruptcy is the rejection by the debtor of its current collective bargaining agreements with employees. After satisfying certain requirements, bankruptcy law permits courts to approve rejection of labor contracts by the debtor-employer. With this tool, airline managers reduce costs. Terms of an employee contract negotiated over years can be eliminated in months through Chapter 11. Terms of the Railway Labor Act, amended in 1936 to cover airlines, prevent most labor union work actions before and after an airline bankruptcy; this is a timeline of airlines. See list of defunct airlines for a list of airlines which are no longer operating; this is a list of airlines that have filed for bankruptcy protection via Chapter 7 in the United States.

This is a list of airlines that have filed for bankruptcy protection via Chapter 11 in the United States

This is a list of United States national Golden Gloves champions in the lightweight division, along with the state or region they represented. The weight limit for lightweights was first contested at 135 lb, but was lowered to 132 lb in 1967. 1928 - Joe Kestian - Chicago, Illinois 1929 - Roosevelt Haines - Chicago, Illinois 1930 - Chancy Crain - Chicago, Illinois 1931 - Scotty Sylvano - Chicago, Illinois 1932 - Henry Rothier - Davenport, Iowa 1933 - Edward Ward - Chicago, Illinois 1934 - Frank Bojack - Cleveland, Ohio 1935 - Mike Gamiere - Cleveland, Ohio 1936 - Pete Lello - Michigan City, Indiana 1937 - Edward Kozole - Detroit, Michigan 1938 - John Benna - Terre Haute, Indiana 1939 - John Pleasant - Chicago, Illinois 1940 - Tony Ancona - Detroit, Michigan 1941 - Johnny Green - Buffalo, New York 1942 - Morris Garana - Fort Worth, Texas 1943 - Chuck Hunter - Cleveland, Ohio 1944 - Buddy Holderfield - Memphis, Tennessee 1945 - Bernard Paige - Chicago, Illinois 1946 - Herschel Acton - Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1947 - John Labrol - Gary 1948 - Herschel Acton - Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1949 - Gale Outhouse - Sioux City, Iowa 1950 - James Burroughs - Nashville, Tennessee 1951 - Bobby Bickle - Kansas City, Missouri 1952 - Issac Vaughn - Cleveland, Ohio 1953 - Herb Mickles - Toledo, Ohio 1954 - Phil Horsley - Muncie, Indiana 1955 - William Morton - Kansas City, Missouri 1956 - Joe Shaw - St. Louis, Missouri 1957 - Billy Braggs - Kenosha, Wisconsin 1958 - Billy Collins - Nashville 1959 - Freddie Davis - Champaign/Urbana 1960 - Brian O'Shea - Chicago, Illinois 1961 - Thomas O'Shea - Chicago, Illinois 1962 - Edward Ellis - Toledo 1963 - Perry Bennett - Streator, Illinois 1964 - Hedgeman Louis - Detroit, Michigan 1965 - Frank Anderson - Kansas City, Missourihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_US_national_Golden_Gloves_lightweight_champions&action=edit 1966 - Marcus Anderson - Louisville, Kentucky 1967 - Quincelon Daniels - Detroit, Michigan 1968 - Ronnie Harris - Cleveland, Ohio 1969 - Eddie Murray - Chicago, Illinois 1970 - Norman Goins - Indianapolis, Indiana 1971 - James Busceme - Fort Worth, Texas 1972 - James Busceme - Fort Worth, Texas 1973 - Sugar Ray Leonard - Washington, D.

C. 1974 - Curtis Harris - Elizabeth, New Jersey 1975 - Aaron Pryor - Cincinnati, Ohio 1976 - Aaron Pryor - Indianapolis, Indiana 1977 - Samuel Ayala - Fort Worth, Texas 1978 - Davey Armstrong - Puyallup, Washington 1979 - Johnny Bumphus - Knoxville, Tennessee 1980 - Melvin Paul - Lafayette, Louisiana 1981 - Primo Ramos - Chicago, Illinois 1982 - Robert Byrd - Fort Worth, Texas 1983 - Jesse Lopez, Jr. - Las Vegas 1984 - Marvin Chambers - St. Louis, Missouri 1985 - Vince Phillips - Hutchinson, Kansas 1986 - Lavell Finger - St. Louis, Missouri 1987 - Skipper Kelp - Rocky Mountain 1988 - Kevin Childrey - Grand Rapids 1989 - Tonga McLain - Milwaukee 1990- Lamar Murphy - Florida 1991 - Desi Ford - Cleveland, Ohio 1992 - Danny Rios - Texas 1993 - Danny Rios - Mid-South 1994 - Salvador Jasso - So. California 1995 - Dante Craig - Cincinnati, Ohio 1996 - David Jackson - Nevada 1997 - Kenito Drake - Detroit 1998 - Lamont Pearson - Washington, D. C. 1999 - Matthew Smith- New Hampshire 2000 - Urbano Antillón - California 2001 - - New Hampshire 2002 - Lorenzo Reynolds - Michigan 2003 - Anthony Peterson - Washington, D.

C. 2004 - Danny Williams - St. Louis, Missouri 2005 - Michael Evans - Cincinnati, Ohio 2006 - Jesus Mendez III - Texas 2007 - Sadam Ali - Brooklyn 2008 - Michael Perez - Newark, New Jersey 2009 - Erick Deleon - Detroit, Michigan 2010 - Erick Deleon - Detroit, Michigan 2011 - Erick Deleon - Detroit, Michigan 2012 - Albert Bell - Toledo, Ohio 2013 - Lamont Roach - Washington D. C. 2014 - Maliek Montgomery - Macon, Georgia 2015 - Teófimo López - Brooklyn 2016 - Maliek Montgomery - Macon, Georgia 2017 - Keyshawn Davis - Alexandria, Virginia March 27,1941 Buffalo Courier Express Pg 19

Bunk Campers is a campervan rental company in Ireland. Bunk Campers are the largest budget campervan rental company in Ireland and have won the Northern Ireland Tourist Board “Innovation in Tourism” award, they are active members of and are supported by Tourism Ireland, Fáilte Ireland, Invest Northern Ireland and Belfast Visitor Convention Bureau and have been featured on a number of overseas travel and tourism television programmes including the BBC Northern Exposure starring Gary Lineker. In January 2010, Bunk Campers were included in the UK and Ireland section of the Sunday Times "100 Best Summer Holidays for 2010"; as of April 2012, Bunk Campers opened their Scottish office in Bo'ness which services Edinburgh Airport and can service Glasgow and Prestwick airports if required. Bunk Campers was established in the summer of 2007; the business is operated by Louise Corken and Keith Charlton. They are an Invest Northern Ireland client listed company. Corken and Charlton travelled to Australia and New Zealand in 2006 on the lookout for new business ideas and concepts that could be brought back to Ireland and tailored to suit the needs of the market place.

It was during this period that the opportunity for budget campervan hire was identified

Irene Gauthier was born June 20th, 1920. She was a massage therapist and instructor, worked to develop massage into a mainstream profession in America, she died at the age of 90. Irene Gauthier was born in Michigan in the Upper Peninsula. After High School she left to attended beauty school Detroit in 1938, she became licensed as a cosmetologist by the state of Michigan in 1939. By 1947 she owned her own beauty parlor on Six Mile in Detroit. After an asthma attack two years she started learning about natural healing techniques. In 1957, she began to formally study Swedish massage at the Steam Baths on Grand River Avenue in Detroit. Gauthier began practicing foot reflexology massage on her cosmetology clients. After obtaining a portable massage table she made house visits to practice massage. Ten years into her career, in 1968, Irene won the American Massage Therapy Association Member of the Year Award. Two years she helped found both the International Myomassethics Federation and the Michigan Myomassologist Association.

Irene continued as a student throughout life. In 1975 she studied under the Touch of Health Foundation in Pasadena and became a Touch of Health instructor in 1976. In 1981 she received a certificate in Polarity Therapy from Dr. Said, she studied basic and advanced Craniosacral therapy from Dr. John Upledger of the Upledger Institute in Palm Springs, Florida, her first students learned massage in Irene's basement. Classes continued there until 1987. Two years in 1989, Irene wrote the book, "The Science and Practice of Myomassology"; the book is still in use at her institute. Irene's Myomassology Institute, named after Irene herself, opened in 1993; the location was expanded four times, but was too small. In May 2000 construction of a new building began. In 2002 the 16,000 square foot facility had its grand opening. At the age of 82 Irene continued to teach students at the institute. Through her work there, at various workshops around the world she was able to help create a better understanding of health through massage therapy and holistic health practices.

She received multiple awards including: a Certificate of Tribute from Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm and a Certificate of Tribute from Mayor of Southfield Brenda Lawrence in 2009, a joint resolution for her many contributions both locally and globally on June 18th 2010 from the Mayor of Southfield and the City Council. Celebrating her 90th birthday, Irene held an event to try breaking the world record for longest massage chain ever, she continued to work at the school as both massage therapist. That year, on October 25th, she died. In 2012 she was inducted into the Massage Therapy Hall of Fame in recognition of her contributions to the art and science of massage therapy at the World Massage Festival; the school she had created won the Best of Detroit award from Hour Detroit. The following year it went on to win Massage School of the Year