1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
Boroughs of New York City
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New York City, in the U. S. state of New York, is composed of five county-level administrative entities called boroughs. They are Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, each borough is coextensive with a county of New York State. The county governments were dissolved when New York City consolidated in 1898, along all city, town. The term borough was adopted to describe a form of administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city in 1898. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, the term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the outer boroughs refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan. All of the boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the current boundaries were established. Ultimately in 1914, the present-day separate Bronx County became the last county to be created in the State of New York, the borough of Queens consists of what formerly was only the western part of a then-larger Queens County. The borough of Staten Island was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Manhattan is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough and is home to Central Park and most of the citys skyscrapers. Manhattans population density of 72,033 people per mile in 2015 makes it the highest of any county in the United States. Manhattan is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world, most of the borough is situated on Manhattan Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River. Manhattan Island is loosely divided into Lower, Midtown, and Uptown regions, Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, and above the park is Harlem. The borough also includes a neighborhood on the United States mainland. New York Citys remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the outer boroughs, Brooklyn, on the western tip of Long Island, is the citys most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods, downtown Brooklyn is the only central core neighborhood in the outer boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country, marine Park and Prospect Park are the two largest parks in Brooklyn. Historically a collection of towns and villages founded by the Dutch
3.
The Bronx
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The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
4.
Borough president
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A borough president is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Borough presidents currently have little power in New York City government and they generally act as advocates for their boroughs at the mayoral agencies, the city council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses. Their authorizing law is codified in title 4, sections 81 to 85 of the New York City Charter, Borough presidents currently have a relatively small discretionary budget for projects within their boroughs. They also act as advocates for their boroughs at mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York State government, public corporations, Borough presidents are currently elected by popular vote to four-year terms, and can serve up to three consecutive terms. Borough presidents influence the Uniform Land Use Review Procedure by appointing NYC community boards, each of the five boroughs has a borough board. They are composed of the president, council members from the borough. Community boards advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, community boards act in an advisory capacity, and have no authority to make or enforce laws. On January 1,1898, the boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, as part of the consolidation, all town and county governments within the city were dissolved, and their powers were given to the city and the boroughs. The boroughs assumed most county functions, but did not replace them, the eastern two-thirds of Queens County was not part of the borough of Queens. The initial city charter established the five borough president offices with terms of four years, the salaries of the presidents of Manhattan, The Bronx, and Brooklyn were $5,000, and those of Queens and Richmond were $3,000. The borough presidents were subject to removal for cause by the mayor, with approval by the governor, in a later writers words, the offices of the borough presidents were created to preserve local pride and affection for the old municipalities after consolidation. Borough presidents gradually gained more authority, assisting in the formulation of more aspects of the city budget and controlling land use, contracts, and franchise powers. Although some borough presidents served for decades, the position was used as a stepping-stone to other elective offices such as judgeships or, in the case of Robert F. Wagner. On March 22,1989, the Supreme Court of the United States, the city charter was quickly revised and passed in a referendum that fall, and the Board of Estimate was abolished. The offices of the presidents were retained, but with greatly reduced power. The borough budgets became the responsibility of the mayor and City Council, Borough presidents currently have a relatively small discretionary budget for projects within their boroughs. The two major remaining appointments of the presidents are one member each on the City Planning Commission. Borough presidents generally adopt specific projects to promote while in office and they also act as advocates for their boroughs at mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses
5.
New York City Council
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The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of the City of New York. It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs, the Council serves as a check against the mayor in a strong mayor-council government model. The council monitors performance of city agencies and makes land use decisions as well as legislating on a variety of other issues. The City Council also has responsibility for approving the city budget. The head of the City Council is called the Speaker, and is currently Melissa Mark-Viverito, the Speaker sets the agenda and presides at meetings of the City Council. Proposed legislation is submitted through the Speakers Office, there are 47 Democratic council members led by Majority Leader Jimmy Van Bramer. The three Republican council members are led by Minority Leader Steven Matteo, the Council has 35 committees with oversight of various functions of the city government. Each council member sits on at least three standing, select or subcommittees, the standing committees meet at least once per month. The Speaker of the Council, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader are all ex members of every committee. Council members are elected every four years, except for two consecutive two year terms every twenty years to allow for redistricting between the terms due to the national census. Council Members currently receive $148,500 a year in base salary, Members receive no additional compensation for serving as a committee chairperson or other officer under the new salary raise. The New York City Charter is the law of the government of New York City including the Council. The New York City Administrative Code is the codification of the laws promulgated by the Council and is composed of 29 titles, the regulations promulgated by city agencies pursuant to law are contained in the Rules of the City of New York in 71 titles. A local law has an equivalent with a law enacted by the Legislature. Each local government must designate a newspaper of notice to publish or describe its laws, the Secretary of State is responsible for publishing local laws as a supplement to the Laws of New York, but they have not done so in recent years. The history of the New York City Council can be traced to Dutch Colonial times when New York City was known as New Amsterdam. On February 2,1653, the town of New Amsterdam, a Council of Legislators sat as the local lawmaking body and as a court of inferior jurisdiction. During the 18th and 19th centuries the local legislature was called the Common Council, in 1898 the amalgamation charter of the City of Greater New York renamed and revamped the Council and added a New York City Board of Estimate with certain administrative and financial powers
6.
New York City Police Department
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The New York City Police Department, officially the City of New York Police Department, is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Established in 1845, the agency has primary responsibilities in law enforcement, the NYPD is one of the oldest police departments established in the U. S. tracing its roots back to the nineteenth century. According to the department, its mission is to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, the departments regulations are compiled in title 38 of the New York City Rules. In June 2004, there were about 40,000 sworn officers plus several thousand employees, in June 2005. As of December 2011, that figure increased slightly to over 36,600, the NYPDs current authorized uniformed strength is 34,450. The Patrolmens Benevolent Association of the City of New York, the largest municipal police union in the United States, represents over 50,000 active, the NYPD Intelligence Division & Counter-Terrorism Bureau has officers stationed in 11 cities internationally. In the 1990s the department developed a CompStat system of management which has also since established in other cities. The NYPD is headquartered at 1 Police Plaza, located on Park Row in Lower Manhattan across the street from City Hall, the NYPD has extensive crime scene investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units which assist with computer crime investigations. The NYPD runs a Real Time Crime Center, essentially a search engine. A Domain Awareness System, a joint project of Microsoft and the NYPD, links 6,000 closed-circuit television cameras, license plate readers, members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, some media and their own police cars by the nickname New Yorks Finest. The Municipal Police were established in 1845, replacing an old night watch system, in 1857, it was tumultuously replaced by a Metropolitan force, which consolidated many other local police departments in 1898. Twentieth-century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption, Officers begin service with the rank of Probationary Police Officer, also referred to as Recruit Officer. After successful completion of six months of Police Academy training and various academic, physical, There are three career tracks in the NYPD, supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of 12 sworn titles, referred to as ranks, promotion to the ranks of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain are made via competitive civil service examinations. Promotion from the rank of police officer to detective is determined by the current police labor contract, the entry level appointment to detective is third grade or specialist. The commissioner may grant discretionary grades of first or second and these grades offer compensation roughly equivalent to that of supervisors. Specifically, a second grade detectives pay roughly corresponds to a sergeants, Detectives are police officers who have been given a more investigatory position but no official supervisory authority. A Detective First Grade still falls under the command of a sergeant or above, just like detectives, sergeants and lieutenants can receive pay grade increases within their respective ranks
7.
South Bronx
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The South Bronx is an area of the New York City borough of the Bronx. As the name implies, the area comprises neighborhoods in the part of the Bronx, such as Concourse, Mott Haven, Melrose. Formerly a deteriorating, poverty-stricken area, the South Bronx is now known for its hip hop culture, the geographic definitions of the South Bronx have evolved and are disputed but certainly include the neighborhoods of Mott Haven, Melrose and Port Morris. The neighborhoods of Belmont, Castle Hill, Crotona Park East, Highbridge, Hunts Point, Longwood, Morrisania, the South Bronx is part of New Yorks 15th Congressional District. The South Bronx is served by the NYPDs 40th, 41st, 42nd, 44th, the South Bronx was originally called the Manor of Morrisania, and later Morrisania. The Morris memorial is at St. Anns Church of Morrisania, Morris descendants own land in the South Bronx to this day. As the Morrises developed their landholdings, an influx of German, later, the Bronx was considered the Jewish Borough, and at its peak in 1930 was 49% Jewish. Jews in the South Bronx numbered 364,000 or 57. 1% of the population in the area. The term was first coined in the 1940s by a group of workers who identified the Bronxs first pocket of poverty, in the Port Morris section. Originally denoting only Mott Haven and Melrose, the South Bronx extended up to the Cross Bronx Expressway by the 1960s, encompassing Hunts Point, Morrisania, the South Bronx is a place for working-class families. Its image as an area developed in the latter part of the 20th century. There were several factors contributing to the decay of the South Bronx, white flight, landlord abandonment, economic changes, demographics, the Cross Bronx Expressway, completed in 1963, was a part of Robert Moses’ urban renewal project for New York City. The expressway is now known to have been a factor in the urban decay seen by the borough in the 1970s and 1980s. Cutting through the heart of the South Bronx, the highway displaced thousands of residents from their homes, the neighborhood of East Tremont, in particular, was completely destroyed by the Expressway. Others have argued that the construction of highways has not harmed communities. The already poor and working-class neighborhoods were further disadvantaged by the property value. Racially charged tension, during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, further contributed to middle-class flight, some neighborhoods were considered undesirable by homeowners in the late 1960s and the areas population began decreasing. In addition, post World War II, rent control policies have been proposed by one author as contributing to the decline, in either case, while desirable housing options were scarce, vacancies further increased
8.
Melrose, Bronx
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Melrose is primarily a residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwestern section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. Predominantly German-American in the 19th century it is home to the Haffen Building and was home to Haffen Brewing Company, the German population waned especially post-WWII. The neighborhood until the 1960s was mostly Irish and Italian and it adjoins the business and one-time theater area known as the Hub. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 1, Melrose is rectangular-shaped, being bordered by Prospect Avenue on the east, 149th Street on the south, Park Avenue on the west and 161st Street to the north. Melrose Avenue and Third Avenue are the primary thoroughfares through Melrose, ZIP codes include 10451,10455 and 10456. The area is patrolled by the NYPDs 42nd Precinct located at 830 Washington Ave. the 40th Precinct located at 257 Alexander Ave. New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. Grupo TACA operates a Bronx-area TACA Satellite at 570 Melrose Avenue, Melrose is considered part of the socioeconomic South Bronx. Melrose is a high-density neighborhood with a population of around 24,913, the neighborhood has a relatively diverse population consisting primarily of Latin Americans and African Americans. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. Melrose is dominated by residential housing complexes of various types, primarily public housing. Most of the housing stock which consisted of older multi-unit homes and tenements were structurally damaged by arson during the citywide fiscal crisis. In the last decade, construction of modern 2 and 3 unit row-houses, the neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx. The Hub-Third Avenue BID is a local retail district located where five major thoroughfares converge, East 149th Street, Westchester, Willis, Melrose. The area is served by the 2 and 5 lines at East 149th Street, one of The Bronxs largest shopping areas. There are five NYCHA developments located in Melrose, East 152nd Street-Courtlandt Avenue, two buildings,11 and 12-stories tall. Morrisania Air Rights, three buildings,19,23, and 29-stories, South Bronx Area, four buildings, 3-stories tall. A mass exodus took place as New York City policy–induced arson soon ravaged the neighborhood throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, the City of New York dismantled the Third Avenue El due to low ridership, by the 1980s the neighborhood had decayed severely, and much of the original housing stock was lost
9.
Mott Haven, Bronx
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Mott Haven is a primarily residential neighborhood in the southwestern section of the Bronx borough in New York City. Zip codes include 10451,10454, and 10455, the neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 1. East 138th Street is the primary east-west thoroughfare through Mott Haven, the local subway line is the IRT Pelham Line, operating along East 138th Street. The local buses are the Bx1, Bx2, Bx15, Bx17, Bx19, Bx21, Bx32, Mott Haven is served by the Triborough Bridge, the Third Avenue Bridge, the Madison Avenue Bridge, the 145th Street Bridge, and the Willis Avenue Bridge. The closest Metro-North Railroad stops are Harlem – 125th Street and Yankees – East 153rd Street, Mott Haven is a high-density neighborhood with a population of around 52,885. The residents are 72. 3% Hispanic/Latino,24. 7% Black or African American,1. 7% White,0. 4% Asian, like most neighborhoods in New York City, the vast majority of households are renter-occupied. The neighborhood is largely Puerto Rican, with numbers of African Americans, Mexicans and Dominicans present. Mott Haven is dominated by apartment buildings and large public housing complexes. There are three historical districts consisting of brownstone-style rowhouses, in the last two decades, construction of modern 2- and 3-unit rowhouses and apartment buildings has increased the percentage of owner-occupiers. The neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx, the total land area is roughly one square mile. The terrain is low-lying and flat except around St. Marys Park where it is somewhat hilly, three Historic Districts are located in Mott Haven, Mott Haven, Mott Haven East and the Bertine Block. The Mott Haven Historic District is located on Alexander Avenue between East 138th Street and East 141st Street and it also has the 40th Precinct police station, the 1905 neo-renaissance Mott Haven Branch of the New York Public Library, and Saint Jeromes Roman Catholic Church. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the Mott Haven East Historic District is located on East 139th and East 140th Street between Brook and Willis Avenues. The Bertine Block Historic District is located on East 136th Street between Brook and Willis Avenues, the district contains yellow-faced brick brownstones designed by Edward Bertine between 1891 and 1895. St. Anns Episcopal Church is located on the west side of St. Anns Avenue between East 139th and East 141st Streets and it is the Bronxs oldest church, having been built in 1841 and dedicated to Gouverneur Morriss mother Ann. Notable figures buried there include Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Gouverneur Morris, the seventeen NYCHA developments in Mott Haven illustrate the various types of public housing initiatives in vogue in New York City over the decades. Dr. Ramon E. Betances III,13, two rehabilitated tenement buildings,5 stories tall, one 7-story rehabilitated tenement building Mott Haven is home to Lincoln Hospital on 149 Street between Park and Morris Avenues. The hospital was founded in 1839 and now has 342 beds, Bronx was named after the Swedish sea captain Jonas Bronck
10.
Port Morris, Bronx
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Port Morris is a mixed use, primarily industrial neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx, New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 1, the neighborhood is served by the NYPDs 40th Precinct. Oak Point, the tip of the South Bronx is in Port Morris. The area is traversed by the Bruckner Expressway, a major freeway. Most of the neighborhood is walking distance from the Cypress Avenue station of the IRT Pelham Line. Port Morris has a population of around 3,523, the neighborhood predominately consists of Latin Americans, African Americans as well as a small white population concentrated mainly in the western portion of Bruckner Boulevard. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. The median income is higher than that of other South Bronx neighborhoods. This is likely due to recent rezoning to commercial and residential activity in the area. The history of Port Morris, as with other neighborhoods, is confused by the lack of fixed official boundaries. Late in the 20th century the name was applied to the area to the west. Mott Haven by older definition lies to the west rather than north of Port Morris, there is some evidence that a British paymaster ship went down off Port Morriss coast during the American Revolutionary War with millions of dollars in gold aboard. The name comes from a water port established along the neighborhoods East River waterfront by Gouverneur Morris Jr. son of Gouverneur Morris. He built a railroad from Melrose to his familys holdings on the waterfront, later called the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad. The area is dominated by factory and warehouse buildings constructed in the mid-to-late 19th century, convenient to the railroad yards, of which the Oak Point Yard is the main survivor. Notable early businesses were the R. Hoe Co. as well as Cutler & Hammer Tool Works, while many of the early industrial buildings remain, they are little used for manufacturing anymore. The area was the site of the Hell Gate generating plant of Consolidated Edison, where George Metesky, plans are afoot to extend the South Bronx Greenway to Randalls Island, crossing Bronx Kill via the Randalls Island Connector under Hell Gate Bridge. The Connector opened on 14 November 2015, a wave of arson during the 1970s destroyed or damaged many residential, commercial, and industrial structures in the area
11.
The Hub, Bronx
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The Hub is the retail, theater, and restaurant heart of the South Bronx, New York. It is located where four roads converge, East 149th Street and it is primarily located inside the neighborhood of Melrose but also lines the northern border of Mott Haven. The Hub, short for the Hub of the Bronx, has also called the Broadway of the Bronx. It is the site of both traffic and architectural density. In configuration, it resembles a miniature Times Square, a spatial bow-tie created by the geometry of the street intersections. It is a shopping district for Bronx residents, and many new hip hop trends can be found in the Hub long before they spread to the rest of New York City. The area is part of Bronx Community Board 1, the Hub is the oldest major shopping locale in the Bronx. Between 1900 and 1930, the number of Bronx residents increased from 201,000 to 1,265,000. Inhabitants throughout the borough shopped in department stores and boutiques at 149th Street and 3rd Avenue, in the 1930s the Hub had movie palaces and vaudeville theaters. These included the Bronx Opera House, which operates as a boutique hotel. On March 14,2006, Mayor Michael Bloomberg and other elected officials took part in the groundbreaking ceremony for the new Hub Retail. After a year and a half of construction, the Hub Retail, current tenants include Staples, Rite Aid, and Forman Mills, a clothing store opening its first New York store in the Bronx. Upcoming tenants include Nine West and Sleepys, as a result, the Hubs district is extended to East 156th Street in Melrose. Shopping traffic in the Hub is generated via foot, car, the sidewalks in the Hub are often packed with people. Merchants hawk their wares by calling out to the crowd or passing out small handbills, music stores offer a wide selection of hip-hop, reggae, gospel, and Latin music. Craft stores have knitting and sewing supplies, local clothing stores such as Revolution Boutique compete with major chains like Jimmy Jazz and Foot Locker. A new complex with mixed-use office and retail space that is slated to open in the fall of 2015, notable tenants already include Fine Fare Supermarket, Metropolitan College of New York, Vistasite Eye Care and Boston Market. In 1902 a large Grand Union Station was proposed near 138th Street, half a mile from the Hub, the 149th Street elevated station operated from 1887 to 1973
12.
Hunts Point, Bronx
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Not to be confused with Hunters Point in Queens, New York. Hunts Point is a located on a peninsula in the South Bronx of New York City. It is the location of one of the largest food distribution facilities in the world, the neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 2. Its boundaries are the Bruckner Expressway to the west and north, the Bronx River to the east, Hunts Point Avenue is the primary street through Hunts Point. The neighborhood is considered to be a district, because of its prostitution. The neighborhood is served by the New York City Police Departments 41st Precinct, europeans first settled Hunts Point in 1663. At this time, Edward Jessup and John Richardson arrived on the peninsula, after Jessup died, his widow Elizabeth, entrusted the land to Thomas Hunt Jr. her son in-law for whom the area is named. In the years between the Hunts inheritance and 1850, several other wealthy landowning families occupied the peninsula, legend has it that George Fox, founder of the Society of Friends, preached in the area in 1672. William H. Fox, a descendant of the Quaker leader, as time passed and more New Yorkers became aware of Hunts Point, more City dwellers flocked to the area between 1850 and 1900. Later, the property wound up in the hands of Foxs and Leggetts son-in-law, Tiffany, a member of the family that owned the famous jewelry and decorative arts store Tiffany & Co. now on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. Fox, Tiffany and Leggett Streets derive their names from these former landowners, in 1909, the Fox mansion was demolished. Hunts Point’s status as a home and vacation spot to the city’s elite came to an abrupt end in the period following World War I. At this time, IRT Pelham Line was built along Southern Boulevard, apartment buildings replaced mansions, streets replaced meadows and Hunts Point became a virtual melting pot for the City’s masses. Aside from being a period of growth for Hunts Point. As more people moved to the area, the business owners began to realize the advantages of locating to Hunts Point. This discovery led to an influx of businesses to the area, as the momentum of incoming businesses increased, the reputation of Hunts Point grew accordingly among business circles. The Hunts Point Industrial Park hosts over 800 businesses providing an array of products, the second half of the 20th century, however, proved a difficult time for the districts residential community. Characterized by frequent arson and mass abandonment from the 1960s through the 1990s, living conditions became so difficult that almost 60,000 residents, approximately two-thirds of the existing population, left the neighborhood during the 1970s
13.
Longwood, Bronx
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Longwood is an urban, mixed use, primarily residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx, New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 2, Southern Boulevard is the primary thoroughfare through Longwood. The local subway is the 6 <6> trains, operating along Southern Blvd, ZIP codes include 10455 and 10459. The neighborhood is served by the New York City Police Departments 41st Precinct, NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx, the Bronx initially began to become urban with the construction of a street-car network. Eventually, the expansion of the elevated and subterranean rapid transit lines from Manhattan rapidly accelerated development, commercial corridors quickly developed in close proximity to rapid transit stations and primary thoroughfares. Early in this boom, Longwood was one of the most dense. For much of the first half of the 20th Century, the borough of the Bronx was home to a middle class, White, European descent. Immigrants of varying socioeconomic status from a number of countries, beginning in the 1950s, the older, more developed parts of the Bronx experienced a socioeconomic shift due to a number of factors. As people with financial means began to leave, poverty stricken often replaced them, White flight and abandonment only accelerated over time. By the late 1970s, many buildings in the greater South Bronx had been burnt out in a wave of arson. Scammers realized they could manipulate the system and collect insurance money after more lucrative tenants had fled, the area was severely run down as the community became increasingly disfranchised. At this time, crime reached such a level that the 41st Precinct Station House at 1086 Simpson Street became known by the police as Fort Apache, as was later immortalized in a 1981 movie named for it. What was left was a wasteland of abandoned buildings, vacant lots, filthy streets, during this period of time, the neighborhood was dealt another blow as violent crime hit historic highs during the crack epidemic. The police seemed to be fighting a battle as thousands of young men in New York City were regularly being killed on the streets over drug turf. The greater South Bronx was one of the hardest hit areas, with a poor population which lacked local jobs. Some of the first federal funding in decades for new investment began in 1986 under the Ed Koch administration, in blighted neighborhoods across the city, various housing experiments were attempted. The NYCHA was one of the first agencies to create and renovate residential units in Longwood, with the building of the South Bronx headquarters of P. A. L
14.
Crotona Park East, Bronx
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Crotona Park East, also known as Crotona or East Morrisania, is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 3, southern Boulevard is the primary thoroughfare through the area. Zip codes include 10459 and 10460, the area is patrolled by the NYPDs 42nd Precinct located at 830 Washington Ave in Morrisania. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A,7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. Crotona Park East is considered part of the socioeconomic South Bronx, Crotona Park East is a low-income neighborhood with a population of around 37,075. The neighborhood predominantly consists of Latin Americans and African Americans, the vast majority of households are renter-occupied,93. 5% of all housing. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. Most of the housing stock was structurally damaged by arson. The total land area is less than a square mile, there are eight NYCHA properties located in Crotona Park East. Bryant Avenue-East 174th Street, one, 6-story building, East 173rd Street-Vyse Avenue, seven buildings, 3-stories tall. Hoe Avenue-East 173rd Street, one, 6-story building, west Farms Square Rehab, four rehabilitated tenement buildings, 6-stories tall. West Farms Square, one, 5-story rehabilitated tenement building, two rehabilitated tenement buildings,5 and 6-stories tall. From 1670, the land of the neighborhood was the estate of the Morris family in Westchester County, in the 1970s, Crotona Park East and many other low income sections of the New York City were being ravaged by arson. By the 1980s, the South Bronx had become a symbol of urban decay, Charlotte Street. The area was filled with tenement buildings, empty lots. On October 5,1977, then-President Jimmy Carter visited Charlotte Street, a year later, the city still had not renovated Charlotte Street. The urban decay of Charlotte Street was used as one of the locations for the 1981 film Wolfen. Community groups such as Banana Kelly CIA Inc. the Mid-Bronx Desperadoes and they played a pivotal role in the construction of subsidized multi-family homes and apartment buildings in most of Crotona Park East
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Morrisania, Bronx
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Morrisania is the historical name for the South Bronx in New York City, New York. The name derives from the Manor of Morrisania, the vast 2,000 acre estate of the powerful and aristocratic Morris family, who at one time owned most of the Bronx as well as much of New Jersey. The family includes Lewis Morris, 4th Lord of the Manor, and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, both are buried in the crypt at St. Anns Church of Morrisania. Today the name is most commonly associated with the village of Morrisania and it is mostly a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwestern Bronx. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 3, Third Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Morrisania. ZIP codes include 10456 and 10459, the area is patrolled by the NYPDs 42nd Precinct located at 830 Washington Avenue. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A,7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. From 1644 to the early 20th century, the land of the neighborhood was the estate of the Morris family in Westchester County. In 1790, Lewis Morris, owner of the estate and signer of the Declaration of Independence, the area was sparsely populated until 1840, when Gouverneur Morris Jr. son of the famous congressional delegate and nephew of Lewis, allowed a railroad to be built across the property. In 1848, he sold the next to the line for the development of a new town called Morrisania Village. In 1855, additional settlements along the line became the town of Morrisania. In 1874, the area was annexed to New York City as part of the Twenty-Third Ward, in 1887, the Third Avenue Elevated was extended to the area to provide easy and quick access to and from Manhattan. In the 1950s along with changing demographics, Robert Moses destroyed various tenements in favor of a colony of public housing, after the construction of the Cross-Bronx Expressway, the poverty that East Tremont suffered spread into Morrisania. As a result, and also due to the aggressive 1968 Program for Action, during this time period a wave of arson destroyed or damaged many of the residential, commercial, and industrial structures in the area. Many social problems associated with poverty, from crime to drug addiction, have plagued the area for some time, despite crime declines versus their peaks during the crack and heroin epidemics, violent crime continues to be a serious problem in the community. Morrisania has significantly higher rates and incidents of violence in its schools. Other problems in schools include low test scores and high truancy rates. Drug addiction is also a problem in the community
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West Bronx
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The West Bronx is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The neighborhood lies west of the Bronx River and roughly corresponds to the half of the borough. The West Bronx is more populated than the East Bronx. From the late 17th century to the middle 19th century this included the central and southern part of the Town of Yonkers, but then became the separate Town of Kingsbridge. In 1874, the towns of Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania were transferred to New York County. Todays West Bronx was then known as the Annexed District, in 1895, the city annexed the modern-day East Bronx, followed in 1898 by western Queens County, all of the City of Brooklyn, and all of Richmond County to form the consolidated city of New York. Physically, the parts of the Bronx are hilly, dominated by a series of parallel ridges running south to north. It includes New York Citys fourth largest park, Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border, the Grand Concourse, a wide ridgeline boulevard runs through the area from north to south. Because the West Bronx uses the street numbering system as Manhattan. This is because the east-west divider is Fifth Avenue in Manhattan and Jerome Avenue in the Bronx, Jerome Avenue was approximately the centerline of the original Annexed District, though not of the expanded modern Bronx. Prior to the 1970s, New Yorkers generally saw the Bronx as being split into its eastern and western halves. However, with the decay that hit the southwestern Bronx starting in the 1960s. It is the home of the Yankee Stadium, the West Bronx encompasses the entire South Bronx, under the traditional definition of that area
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Highbridge, Bronx
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Highbridge is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the central-west section of the Bronx, New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 4 and its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, East 161st Street to the south, and the Harlem River to the west. Ogden Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Highbridge, the area is patrolled by the 44th Precinct located at 2 East 169th Street. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A,7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Highbridge was 37,727, covering an area of 373.14 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 101.1 inhabitants per acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 32. 9% African American,1. 2% White,0. 2% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 3% from other races, and 0. 7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 64. 3% of the population, prior to the 1960s, Highbridge was a predominately Irish American neighborhood. Today the vast majority of residents in the area are of Dominican, almost half of the population lives below the federal poverty line. Highbridge is dominated by townhouses and 5 and 6-story apartment buildings, the total land area is roughly one square mile. The terrain is elevated and very hilly, stair streets connect areas located at different elevations. The neighborhood has dozens of community gardens occupying lots that were left vacant between the 1970s and 1990s, such as Taqwa Community Farm, there are three NYCHA developments located in Highbridge, Highbridge Gardens, six, 13-story buildings. Highbridge Rehabs, three,5 and 6-story rehabilitated tenement buildings, (Highbridge Rehabs The neighborhood takes its name from the High Bridge built in 1848 by Irish immigrants to carry Croton Aqueduct water across the Harlem River. Up until the late 1960s, the residents of Highbridge were predominantly of Irish, Italian and they have since been replaced by large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans. PS11, High Bridge PS73, Joseph Dellacava PS 114x, Luis Llorens Torres Schools PS126, Dr
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Fordham, Bronx
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Fordham is a group of neighborhoods located in the western Bronx, New York City. These neighborhoods are part of Bronx Community Board 5, Fordham is roughly bordered by Fordham Road to the north, Southern Boulevard to the east, East 183rd Street to the south, and Jerome Avenue to the west. The neighborhoods primary thoroughfare is Fordham Road, its main line is the IND Concourse Line, operating under the Grand Concourse. ZIP codes include 10453,10457,10458 and 10468, Fordham has a population of around 43,394 people. It is now predominately Latin American and African American, there is a significant historic Italian and Albanian population as well. The name Fordham was given by John Archer, (a Dutch settler who had anglicized his name, Archer owned 2000 acres of land which the English approved for settelment. This was called a Patent, making Archer - Lord of the Manor, sixteen families established farms in area. Old Fordham Village is a section of Fordham that dates back to the English colonial era and it is centered on the intersection of the Grand Concourse and Fordham Road. Fordham Village extends north to about 196th Street, south to about 187th Street, east to Southern Boulevard, the sections origins date back to about 1751, when Fordham Manor was built, on what was called Rose Hill. Most of the estate is part of the Rose Hill Campus of Fordham University, besides the main manor house and other side buildings on the campus, other historic buildings and noted homes still exist within Old Fordham Village. For example, American poet Edgar Allan Poe spent his years with his wife Virginia in a cottage in Fordham which is still standing. The nearby Fordham University Church bell is named old Edgar and may have been the inspiration for his poem The Bells. In the 18th century, the Kings Road went through Old Fordham Village and it was a minor rest stop for travelers and coaches, where many springs fed The Mill Brook that crossed this road. There were many American Patriots that lived in this area, after the revolution, the Kings Road was renamed the Boston Post Road, becoming an important thoroughfare for a growing new nation. In the 19th century, with the building of the White Plains Line, local farmers and dairymen were now able to use the railroad to send their products to a growing New York City. North of the village, part of the Mill Brook was dammed up, and it provided fresh ice for the community and the railroad. It was during this time that wealthy merchant Robert Watt gave most of The Rose Hill Estate, east of the village, to a Roman Catholic order and it became known as St. Johns College and Hospital and was the precursor of Fordham University. A small south-west portion of the former Rose Hill Estate is known today as Rose Hill Park, west of the village, on the other side of Fordham Hill, the Bathgate Estate was built, it was later acquired by wealthy stock speculator Leonard Jerome
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Morris Heights, Bronx
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Morris Heights is a residential neighborhood located in the West Bronx. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 5, university Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Morris Heights. The local subway is the IRT Jerome Avenue Line, operating along Jerome Avenue, ZIP codes include 10453 and 10452. The area is patrolled by the 46th Precinct located at 2120 Ryer Avenue in Fordham, New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx, Morris Heights has a population of around 36,779. Almost half the population lives below the poverty line and receives public assistance, the vast majority of residents in the area are of Puerto Rican, Dominican, or African American descent. The majority of households are renter occupied, Morris Heights is dominated by 5 and 6-story tenement buildings, older multi-unit homes, vacant lots, and newly constructed subsidized attached multi-unit townhouses and apartment buildings. A significant percentage of the early 20th century housing stock was damaged by arson. The neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx, the total land area is less than half one square mile. The terrain is elevated and very hilly, stair streets connect areas located at different elevations. Ten NYCHA developments are located in Morris Heights, harrison Avenue Rehab, one, 5-story rehabilitated tenement building. Harrison Avenue Rehab, four rehabilitated buildings,5 and 6-stories tall, macombs Road, two rehabilitated buildings,5 and 6-stories tall. Morris Heights Rehab, three rehabilitated tenement buildings,5 and 6-stories tall Sedgewick Houses, seven buildings,14, university Avenue Rehab, four, 6-story rehabilitated tenement buildings. West Tremont Avenue-Sedgwick Avenue Area, one, 12-story building, West Tremont Rehab, two rehabilitated tenement buildings,5 and 6-stories tall. West Tremont Rehab, one, 5-story rehabilitated tenement building, West Tremont Rehab, two, 6-story rehabilitated tenement buildings. After a wave of arson ravaged the low-income communities of New York City throughout the 1970s, the city began to rehabilitate many formerly abandoned tenement-style apartment buildings and designate them low-income housing beginning in the late 1970s. Also many subsidized attached multi-unit townhouses and newly constructed apartment buildings have been or are being built on vacant lots across the neighborhood, Morris Heights is believed to be the site where Hip Hop culture originated in the 1970s
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University Heights, Bronx
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University Heights is a neighborhood of the West Bronx in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 5 and Bronx Community Board 7. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are, West 190th Street to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, West Burnside Avenue to the south, University Avenue is the primary thoroughfare in University Heights. The local subway is the IRT Jerome Avenue Line, operating along Jerome Avenue, ZIP codes include 10453 and 10468. University Heights has a population of around 25,702, there is a mix of renter-occupied as well as owner-occupied households. The demographics are 23. 0% African American,2. 0% White,3. 4% Asian or Pacific Islander and 72. 6% Hispanic or Latino, the majority of which are of Dominican and Puerto Rican descent. University Heights consists of 5- and 6-story buildings, older homes, newly constructed multi-unit townhouses and apartment buildings. The total land area is one square mile. The terrain is elevated and hilly, there are ten NYCHA developments located in University Heights. Harrison Avenue Rehab, a 5-story building, harrison Avenue Rehab, four buildings,5 and 6 stories tall. Macombs Road, two buildings,5 and 6 stories tall, morris Heights Rehab, three buildings,5 and 6 stories tall. Sedgwick Houses, seven buildings,14 and 15 stories tall, University Avenue Rehab, four 6-story buildings. West Tremont Avenue-Sedgwick Avenue Area, a 12-story building, West Tremont Rehab, two buildings,5 and 6 stories tall. West Tremont Rehab, two 6-story buildings, West Tremont Rehab, a 5-story building. The neighborhood takes its name from the hill on which New York Universitys Bronx campus was built in 1894, the campus includes the Hall of Fame for Great Americans. In 1973 NYU sold the campus to the City University of New York, which renamed the campus Bronx Community College, but the neighborhood name has remained. There are many shops along Fordham Road and in neighboring Marble Hill, which is home to River Plaza, a mall that houses Target, Starbucks, and Marshalls stores
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Fordham Plaza, Bronx
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Fordham Plaza, originally known as Fordham Square, is a major commercial and transportation hub in the Fordham and Belmont sections of the Bronx in New York City. The plaza is located across from Fordham Universitys Rose Hill campus, the Fordham Plaza name refers specifically to two locations in the area, the office building One Fordham Plaza on the east side of Third Avenue, and the Fordham Plaza Bus Terminal on the west side. It along with the rest of the Fordham Road commercial district constitutes the largest shopping strip in the Bronx, the name Fordham Plaza refers to a two-block-long area on the south side of Fordham Road between Webster Avenue to the west and Washington Avenue to the east. The area is bounded to the south by East 189th Street, Third Avenue runs up the middle of the area to Fordham Road, Park Avenue avenue formerly ran north through the plaza as well, but currently ends at 189th Street. There are two structures on the site. On the southeast corner of Fordham Road and Webster Avenue is Fordham Place, existing since the 1910s, it is owned by Retail Properties of America, Inc. and consists of a 7-story building and an adjacent 14-story building with mixed retail and office use. Several stores occupy the complex including a Best Buy location and until 2014 a Sears location and it was previously known as the Rogers Building, for the Rogers and Sons Department Store that preceded Sears. The second building is One Fordham Plaza, a 14-story office complex occupies the entire eastern block on Fordham Road. It is constructed in a design with yellow stone, black marble. In between the two buildings is the Fordham Plaza Bus Terminal, encompassing Third Avenue and the former right-of-way of Park Avenue on a bridge-structure over the Metro-North Railroad tracks, from 1997 to early 2013, this was also the location of a cobblestone-paved outdoor market space. This included tents and stands for items such as fruit, at its north end were two concession stands built into the southern entrance stairs to the Metro-North station. Throughout the plaza were several obelisk-like pillars, some of which were combined with canopies, the market area, concession stands, and the remainder of Park Avenue in the Plaza were demolished as part of the Fordham Plaza Reconstruction Project from 2013 to 2016. The renovation, designed by Grimshaw Architects, constructed a bus loop on Third Avenue and it also replaced the concession stand with a cafe and canopy over the Metro-North stairs. A second canopy with food kiosks was constructed at the end of the plaza. Several PlaNYC wayfinding signs were also installed, located across from the plaza to the north is Fordham Universitys Rose Hill campus and its associated William D. Walsh Family Library and Fordham Preparatory School. Across Washington Avenue to the east is Theodore Roosevelt Educational Campus, the Bronx Library Center of the New York Public Library is located nearby at Kingsbridge Road. The plaza is located near several attractions of Bronx Park, including the New York Botanical Garden, Fordham Plaza is part of the Fordham Road Business Improvement District, which extends west to around Jerome Avenue past Grand Concourse and includes much of the Fordham Center commercial district. In the 1840s, what is now the intersection of Fordham Road and Webster Avenue was a junction in the town of West Farms, characterized by farmland
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Belmont, Bronx
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Belmont is a primarily residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwestern corner of the southern Bronx in New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are Fordham Road to the north, Bronx Park to the east, East 183rd Street to the south and these boundaries give the neighborhood a crescent-like shape. Arthur Avenue, a noted for its prominent local restaurants and markets, is the primary thoroughfare through Belmont. Zip codes include 10457,10458 and 10460, the area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 48th Precinct located at 450 Cross-Bronx Expressway in East Tremont. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 6, the Belmont section of the Bronx, during colonial times, was covered in farmland much like the rest of the western Bronx, and was the province of the Lorillard family, for whom a street is named. But after the Lorillards decamped for New Jersey in 1870, the city acquired part of their land for Bronx Park, in the mid-1880s, a large influx Irish and German immigrants began moving into the neighborhood. The neighborhood became very dense after the construction of the Third Avenue El, after the construction of the Bronx Zoo and the Jerome Park Reservoir at the turn of the 20th century, a large wave of Italian immigrants moved into the area. With a strong pattern of Italian immigration, it was regarded as the Little Italy of the Bronx. The neighborhood still holds an annual Ferragosto celebration on Arthur Avenue each September, like many other neighborhoods in New York City, Belmont became disenfranchised starting in the mid-20th century. The Third Ave Elevated was dismantled by the city in 1973, housing stock was lost to arson, some of it razed by the city in the late 1970s and 80s. Starting in the mid-1990s into today, the neighborhood has experienced a construction boom, the neighborhood has also maintained its reputation as a thriving business area due to its abundant shops, restaurants, and markets. Albanians and Puerto Ricans have added to the mixture of businesses on Arthur Ave, still, the Italian presence is felt with a number of long Italian-owned small businesses including restaurants, bakeries, delis and other merchants. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Belmont was 27,378, covering an area of 313.34 acres, the neighborhood had a population density of 87.4 inhabitants per acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 19. 7% White,18. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 3% from other races, and 0. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58. 2% of the population, the neighborhood consists of a diverse mix of races, ethnic groups, religious affiliations, sexual orientations, and national origins. Many Mexican families have moved into the Belmont neighborhood which hosts the annual Bronx Cinco de Mayo Celebration, gradually, there have been more Hispanics and Latinos moving into the neighborhood. Hispanics and Latinos make up the largest ethnic group in the neighborhood, the census reports that 19. 7% of the population is white, and 18. 5% is black or African American. There is an Asian population of 2. 3%, with 1. 4% of the population identifying as other races, like most neighborhoods in New York City the vast majority of households are renter occupied
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East Tremont, Bronx
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East Tremont is a residential neighborhood located in west Bronx, New York City. It is part of Bronx Community Board 6 and it borders, from the north and moving clockwise, East 183rd Street, Crotona Avenue, the Cross-Bronx Expressway and Webster Avenue. East Tremont Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through the neighborhood, ZIP codes include 10457 and 10460. The area is patrolled by the NYPDs 48th Precinct located at 450 Cross Bronx Expressway, New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. 8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx, based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of East Tremont was 43,423, an increase of 4,143 from the 39,280 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 445.31 acres, the neighborhood had a density of 97.5 inhabitants per acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1. 4% White,29. 4% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 3% from other races, and 0. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67. 3% of the population, the neighborhood predominately consists of Latin Americans and African Americans. There is a small but growing Dominican population, almost half the population lives below the poverty line and receives public assistance. East Tremont is dominated by five and six story tenement buildings, older homes, vacant lots. Most of the housing stock was structurally damaged by arson. The land area, somewhat hilly, is less than one square mile, there are two NYCHA developments located in East Tremont. Twin roads East, one, 14-story building, East 180th Street-Monterey Avenue, one, 10-story building
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West Farms, Bronx
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West Farms is a residential neighborhood in a west central part of The Bronx, New York City, also known as the northeast corner of the South Bronx. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 6, East Tremont Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through West Farms. The local subway station is the IRT White Plains Road Line at West Farms Square – East Tremont Avenue, operating along Boston Road, the area is patrolled by the NYPDs 48th Precinct located at 450 Cross Bronx Expressway in East Tremont. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A,8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx. West Farms is a neighborhood with a population of around 4,700. The neighborhood predominately consists of Latin Americans and African Americans, West Farms has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in New York City. Almost half the population lives below the poverty line and receives public assistance, the vast majority of households are renter occupied. West Farms is dominated by 5 and 6-story tenement buildings, older homes, vacant lots. Most of the housing stock was structurally damaged by arson. The total land area is less than one square mile, the West Farms Bus Depot is located along East 177th Street next to a terminated Sheridan Expressway, it opened on September 7,2003 on the site of the former Coliseum Depot. There are two NYCHA developments located in West Farms,1010 East 178th Street, a 21-story building. Twin Parks East, a 14-story building, in 1711, the heirs of the patentees joined in a second division of the lands in twelve lots with immutable boundaries, which were subsequently divided up. During the American Revolution numerous engagements occurred here, there were too few able-bodied men to form a company of continental militia, so West Farms formed a joint company with Fordham. In 1848 the village of West Farms was described as situated at the head of the navigable waters of the Bronx. Rail service to the city was on an almost hourly schedule, and West Farms was developing into a railroad suburb like Yonkers, which bounded it on the north. In 1848 the Hunt house still stood on Hunts Point at the end of Planting Neck, poet Joseph Rodman Drake found inspiration in the views of Long Island Sound and is buried nearby. For decades West Farms has been one of the poorest communities in America, many social problems associated with poverty from crime to drug addiction have plagued the area for quite some time. Despite declines in crime from its peak during the crack and heroin epidemics, West Farms has significantly higher drop out rates and incidents of violence in its schools than in other parts of the city
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Bedford Park, Bronx
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Bedford Park is a residential neighborhood in the northwest Bronx between the New York Botanical Garden and Lehman College. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 7 and its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are, Mosholu Parkway to the north, Webster Avenue to the east, East 198th Street to the south, and Goulden Avenue to the west. The Grand Concourse is the primary thoroughfare through Bedford Park, the IND Concourse and IRT Jerome Avenue Lines of the New York City Subway serve the area. Zip codes include 10458 and 10468, the area is patrolled by the 52nd Precinct located at 3016 Webster Ave in the Norwood section of the Bronx. The area now known as Bedford Park was mostly farmland outside the town of Kingsbridge, the area began to be developed with the construction of the Jerome Park Racecourse, for thoroughbred horse racing, by Leonard Jerome and August Belmont, Sr. in 1866. Jerome Park Racecourse became the first home of the famous Belmont Stakes horse race, to attract the wealthy to the racecourse, Leonard Jerome built what is today Jerome Avenue. In 1874 the town of Kingsbridge was officially incorporated into New York City, in 1890, Jerome Park Racecourse was sold. Construction was started to convert it into the Jerome Park Reservoir, at the same time, the neighborhood of Bedford Park was beginning to take shape. Forty villas were built on a 23-acre stretch, in a planned community, the area became a part of the newly created Borough of the Bronx in 1898. The Italian and Irish immigrants who worked on the Jerome Park Reservoir project soon anchored the community there. Development continued with the completion of the Grand Concourse, a thoroughfare, in 1914. The Grand Concourse saw a boom in housing construction in the post-World War I era, much of this was from middle-class moving from Manhattan. Bedford Park is dominated by 5 or 6-story apartment buildings and three-story Victorian houses, the apartments on the Grand Concourse are often taller. Tracey Towers are two 41-story subsidized apartment buildings close to the Jerome Park Reservoir. Designed by noted architect Paul Rudolph, they were completed in 1972 as a part of New York Citys Mitchell Lama housing development initiative, the total land area is a little less than half a square mile. In the United States 2000 Census of 2000, the area of Bedford Park comprises five tracts and these five tracts have a population of 24,874. Among Bedford Parks oldest buildings are its churches and other religious institutions, the oldest church in the area, Bedford Park Congregational Church at the corner of Bainbridge Avenue and East 201st Street, dates to 1882. Its American Queen Anne-style design hints at Bedford Parks origin as a rural community
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Kingsbridge, Bronx
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Kingsbridge is a working- and middle-class residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest portion of The Bronx in New York City. Kingsbridge is actually made up of three neighborhoods, Kingsbridge proper, Kingsbridge Heights, and Van Cortlandt Village. The neighborhood is considered a part of Bronx Community Board 8, Kingsbridge propers ill-defined boundaries are Van Cortlandt Park to the north, Bailey Avenue to the east, West 230st Street to the south, and Broadway to the west. Kingsbridge is patrolled by the New York City Police Departments 50th Precinct, Kingsbridge has detached, semi detached, and attached homes, and Broadway has apartment buildings where many Dominicans reside. Streets connecting Riverdale and Kingsbridge include step streets, with stairways of as many as 160 steps climbing the slope, some jokingly refer to Riverdale as the rich uncle of Kingsbridge which has its origins during the Irish period. The neighborhood is part of a business improvement district that is home to 200 merchants. River Plaza Shopping Center is located nearby but it is not part of the improvement district. During the past several years there have been significant improvements in the infrastructure of the community, for example, the parks have been improved significantly and there are new elementary schools on 230th Street. The neighborhood is named for the Kings Bridge, erected in 1693 by Frederick Philipse, the bridge spanned a now-filled-in section of Spuyten Duyvil Creek, roughly parallel to todays 230th Street. The Kings Bridge was part of Boston Post Road, connecting southern Westchester County with Marble Hill, once part of Manhattan Island, the bridge is said to still be in place, having been buried when the creek bed was filled in. The creeks water flow was redirected to the new and deeper shipping canal, until the latter part of the 19th century Riverdale, Kingsbridge, and other areas now in the northwest Bronx were part of the Town of Yonkers. The areas that are inside the modern-day New York city line broke off to form the Town of Kingsbridge, in 1874, the City of New York annexed three towns that later became the western half of The Bronx, including the Town of Kingsbridge. As the trains to Manhattan were built in the 20th century and this gave rise to the Riverdale neighborhood. The remainder of the old Town of Kingsbridge developed into the modern-day Kingsbridge neighborhood, Kingsbridge has a population of over 10,000. It was once a neighborhood of predominately Irish immigrants, from the late 1970s the Irish population has decreased significantly, being replaced by large numbers of African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Albanians, and Greeks. The largest Hispanic group in Kingsbridge today are Dominicans, replacing the earlier Puerto Ricans and Cubans, there still is a strong Irish population centered on Bailey Avenue and Tibbett Avenue. The Dominicans predominantly live along Broadway and adjacent side streets, with a mixed ethnic area east and west of Broadway. The Irish legacy can still be seen in the Roman Catholic churches and schools that serve the current residents, in northern Kingsbridge the Visitation Roman Catholic Church and School is located on West 239th street
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Norwood, Bronx
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Norwood, also known as Bainbridge, is a working-class residential neighborhood in the northwest Bronx, New York City. As of the census of 2000, the seven census tracts that make up the neighborhood have a population of 40,748 and it borders Van Cortlandt Park and Woodlawn Cemetery to the north, the Bronx River to the east, and Mosholu Parkway to the south and west. Norwoods main commercial arteries are Gun Hill Road, Jerome Avenue, Webster Avenue, however, as this Irish community largely left the country during the 1990s, the name Bainbridge has accordingly lost a great deal of currency. Even the name Norwood does not carry a great deal of currency as do nearby neighborhoods such as Riverdale and it is part of Bronx Community Board 7 and is patrolled by the NYPDs 52nd Precinct, located at 3016 Webster Avenue. At the time of the Civil War, the area was Westchester County farmland on the border of West Farms, chief property owners included the Valentine, Varian, and Bussing families. Woodlawn Cemetery was founded in 1863 to the north, annexed to New York City in 1873 along with the rest of the West Bronx, the areas character shifted from rural to suburban by the turn of the 20th century. The neighborhoods streets in their present form were laid out in 1889 by Josiah Briggs between Middlebrook Parkway and Woodlawn Cemetery, contemporary maps show that it was then considered part of Williamsbridge, with which it continues to share a post office. Williamsbridge Reservoir was opened in 1890, transforming the lake into an artery that served the New York City water supply system until no longer needed in 1934. The name Brendan Hill was made official by the Board of Aldermen in 1910, in the 1970s through the 1990s the neighborhood was well known for its Irish population, having attracted a number of immigrants from Catholic areas of Northern Ireland who fled the Troubles. The area contributed much in Irish and Irish-American culture and politics during this time, the musical group Black 47, made up of Irish expatriates, first made their name touring the bar scene here. Their lyrics would go on to reflect the experiences of the Irish in the area, in songs as Funky Ceílí, Her Dear Donegal. Irish pubs in the area attracted press attention as centers of support for Irish republicanism. A few pubs hosted benefits for Noraid, the Northern Irish Aid Committee, at least one area bar, The Phoenix, was raided by law enforcement in 1994, with Irish authorities simultaneously raiding its owners holiday home in Donegal. Thomas Maguire, the owner, and five others, were charged with smuggling thousands of bomb detonators to Ireland from Tucson via New York, a jury found the defendants not guilty on all counts. A number of factors have contributed to the decline of the Irish population in Bainbridge, the most critical was the downturn in the US economy which forced many Irish immigrants to return to Ireland or to seek work in Germany. A substantial portion of the Irish population were illegally in the country, the end of the Troubles period, with the signing of the Good Friday Agreement, encouraged some residents to return voluntarily to Ireland, particularly with the improvement of the northern economy. The growth of the economy of the Republic of Ireland - the so-called Celtic Tiger - persuaded some residents to move there, others have continued to live in New York, moving to the Bronx neighborhoods of Riverdale and Woodlawn, or to nearby Yonkers. The same factors which encouraged return to Ireland have also discouraged further immigration to Bainbridge, based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Norwood was 40,494, a decrease of 323 from the 40,817 counted in 2000
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Bronx Community Board 8
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Bronx Community Board 8 is a local representative government unit of New York City. This area of 3.4 square miles, encompasses the neighborhoods of Fieldston, Kingsbridge, Kingsbridge Heights, Marble Hill, Riverdale, Spuyten Duyvil and its current chairman is Daniel Padernacht. There is one Community Board for each of the Bronxs 12 Community Districts, each Board consists of up to 50 voting unsalaried members who serve for staggered terms of two years, one half of the membership is appointed each year. The members are appointed by the Bronx Borough President, with half nominated by the City Council Members who represent the community district, all City Council Members whose districts form part of the Community District are non-voting Board members. Board members are selected by the Borough Presidents from among active, involved people of each community, Board members must be New York City residents who live in or have a business, professional or other significant interest in the district. No more than 25 percent of the members may be city employees, the monthly meetings are open to the public. Bronx Community Board No 8 meets the second Tuesday of every month except in July, at these meetings, committee chairs report on committee meetings, and members address items of concern to the community. Board meetings are open to the public, and a portion of each meeting is reserved for the Board to hear from members of the public, the Board committees do most of the planning and work on the issues that are acted on at Board meetings. Each Board establishes the structure and procedures it feels will best meet the needs of its district. The Charter permits community residents who are not Board members to serve on Board committees, Bronx Community Board No.8 has fifteen committees that meet regularly. Boards have an important advisory role in dealing with land use and zoning matters, the City budget, municipal service delivery, Community Boards must be consulted on placement of most municipal facilities in the community and on other land use issues. They may also initiate their own plans for the growth and well being of their communities, Community Boards assess the needs of their own neighborhoods, meet with City agencies, and make recommendations in the Citys budget process to address them. Any problem that affects part or all of the community, from a problem to deteriorating housing, is a proper concern of a Community Board. The Community Board, its District Manager, and its office staff serve as advocates and service coordinators for the community and they cannot order any City agency or official to perform any task, but Boards are usually successful in resolving the problems they address. Each Community Board has its own office, District Manager, the District Manager and the Board staff are hired by a Community Board and serve at the Boards pleasure. The District Manager establishes an office, manages the staff, District Managers play many different roles. They are project managers, strategic planners, complaint takers, municipal managers, information sources, community organizers, mediators, advocates, the main responsibility of the District office is to receive and resolve complaints from community residents. Many Board offices have assumed the responsibility of providing additional services and these might include assisting with Senior Citizen Rent Increase Exemption Forms, processing liquor licenses and permits for block parties, street fairs, etc
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Fieldston, Bronx
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Fieldston is a privately owned affluent neighborhood in the Riverdale section of the northwestern part of the New York City borough of the Bronx. It is bounded by Manhattan College Parkway to the south, Henry Hudson Parkway to the west, 250th Street to the north and it is noted for its rural atmosphere, large houses and abundance of trees. The majority of the neighborhood is included in the Fieldston Historic District, Manhattan College is located on Manhattan College Parkway, the neighborhoods southern boundary. The land that is now Fieldston was part of the estate of Major Joseph Delafield, who purchased 250 acres in 1829, the first house was begun in 1910 and finished in 1911. In 1923, after the completion of 80 houses, the Fieldston Property Owners Association was formed, buyers were provided with a list of approved architects, and historicist architectural styles – the various revival styles – were strongly encouraged. Many of the houses in the neighborhood were featured in design and architectural magazines, by the beginning of the 21st century, Fieldston was one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in New York City. Fieldston is one of a few neighborhoods in New York City that is privately owned. Annual dues are paid by the approximately 250 homeowners who make up the Association to maintain the area, once a year, the streets are closed to non-residents to legally qualify the streets as privately owned, parking is restricted to residents and their guests. On January 10,2006, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the majority of the Fieldston neighborhood as an historic district, the district contains 252 houses and related structures. S. Wheeler, the engineer who laid out Fieldston, now a private home 4405 Waldo Avenue originally the residence of Albert E. Wheeler C
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Kingsbridge Heights, Bronx
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Kingsbridge Heights is a working class residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest Bronx, New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 8 and its boundaries are Van Cortlandt Park to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, Kingsbridge Road to the south, and the Major Deegan Expressway to the west. Sedgwick Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Kingsbridge Heights, zip codes include 10463 and 10468. The area is patrolled by the 50th Precinct located at 3450 Kingsbridge Ave in Kingsbridge, NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. 8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throgs Neck section of the Bronx, based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Kingsbridge Heights was 32,496, a decrease of 790 from the 33,286 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 300.86 acres, the neighborhood had a density of 108.0 inhabitants per acre. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 4. 3% White,18. 5% African American,0. 1% Native American,4. 7% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 4% from other races, and 1. 0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71. 1% of the population, the neighborhood has a high concentration of Dominicans especially in the southern and central sections of the neighborhood. In these two areas over 30% of the population lives below the poverty line, a small aging White non-Hispanic population is concentrated near Van Cortlandt Park or Van Cortlandt Village. In more recent years young professionals, mostly White non-Hispanic, have started to move into Van Cortlandt Village, the vast majority of households are renter occupied. Recently the northern subsection known as Van Cortlandt Village has seen an increase in higher-end rental and co-op building construction. This subsection is bordered by the Major Deegan Expressway to the west, the Jerome Park Reservoir to the east, W 238th Street to the south, on April 4,2007, Business Week Online called Van Cortlandt Village one of Americas next hot neighborhoods. The Fort Independence Street-Heath Avenue Houses are a one, 21-story NYCHA development in Kingsbridge Heights, Kingsbridge Heights is dominated by multi-unit detached homes. There is also a significant presence of tenement buildings concentrated mostly in the central, the Jerome Park Reservoir is the most dominant landmark in the area. It was originally part of the Bathgate Estate that was purchased by Leonard Jerome and Associates. The Jerome Park Reservoir replaced the racetrack and was built in 1906 to serve the Croton Aqueduct as part of the New York City water supply system, the perimeter of this reservoir is approximately 2.2 miles. Kingsbridge Armory is on Kingsbridge Road, in 1866, Jerome bought the estate and mansion of James Bathgate near Old Fordham Village in what was then rural Westchester County, but is now The Bronx. Jerome and financier August Belmont, Sr. built Jerome Park Racetrack on the Bathgate land, Jerome and his brother Lawrence had a wide boulevard made from Macombs Dam to the track, which city authorities attempted to name Murphy Avenue after a local politician
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Marble Hill, Manhattan
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Marble Hill is the northernmost neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is the only Manhattan neighborhood on the mainland of North America, Marble Hill was occupied as a Dutch colonial settlement in 1646, and gained its current name in 1891 because of marble deposits underneath the neighborhood. In 1914, the Harlem River was filled in on the side of Marble Hill, connecting it to the North American mainland. Because of this change in geography, Marble Hill is often associated with the Bronx and is part of two of the latters Community Board Districts, Marble Hill has been occupied since the Dutch colonial period. On August 18,1646, Governor Willem Kieft, the Dutch Director of New Netherland, signed a grant to Mattius Jansen van Keulan. This grant had comprised the whole of the present community, the ferry charter was granted in 1667. Many settlers circumvented the toll for the ferry by crossing the creek from northern Marble Hill to modern Kingsbridge, Bronx, in 1669 Verveelen transplanted his ferry to the northern tip of Marble Hill, at todays Broadway and West 231st Street. Two bridges connected Marble Hill with the mainland, the Kings Bridge, originally a merchant in New Amsterdam, Philipse had purchased vast landholdings in what was then Westchester County. Granted the title Lord of Philipse Manor, he established a plantation and his toll bridge provided access and opened his land to settlement. Later, it carried the Boston Post Road, in 1758, the Free Bridge was erected by Jacob Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer. It opened on January 1,1759 and its purpose was to serve the farmers who refused to pay the toll. Stagecoach service was established across the span. The new bridge proceeded to take much of the traffic away from the Kings Bridge, one of the local visiting spots during this period was a tavern operated by the Dyckman family. They had a called the Black Horse Inn, located just south of McGowans Pass in what is now East Drive of Central Park. The Dyckmans sold the Black Horse to finance a new operation on the west side of Broadway and 226th Street that was to be managed by Benjamin Palmer and it was situated to cater to the traffic from both bridges. In 1772 the Dyckmans sold the tavern to Caleb Hyatt and was known by the new name as Hyatt’s Tavern at the Free Bridge. When hostilities broke out at the start of the American Revolution, by November 1776, the fort had been taken over by Hessian forces and renamed Fort Prince Charles in honor of Charles, Duke of Brunswick, brother-in-law to George III. Despite contrary beliefs, the Kings Bridge and the Dyckman Free Bridge served as routes for the retreating American forces after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776
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Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
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Riverdale, Bronx
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Riverdale is an upper middle class residential neighborhood in the northwest portion of the Bronx, a borough in New York City. Riverdale, which has a population of 47,850 as of the 2000 United States Census, in 1642, Anthony Van Corlaer died while attempting to swim across the Hudson from nearby Spuyten Duyvil. A witness to Van Corlaers death stated that the devil in the shape of a giant fish swam up and proceeded to seize the sturdy Anthony by the leg and this may be the earliest recorded shark attack in the New World. In the late 17th century, Frederick Philipse, the lord of Philipse Manor in Westchester County, received permission to construct a bridge across Spuyten Duyvil Creek, kings Bridge, which was located roughly south of and parallel to where West 230th Street lies today, opened in 1693. At the turn of the century, the new popularity of railroad commute enabled wealthy businessmen to make Riverdale their year-round residence, Fieldston, owned by a private association, is a particularly intact example of a turn-of-the century upper class suburb. The Hudson Hill neighborhood retains many of its historic mansions, Riverdales elite private schools and historic churches also reflect this past. Development of the began in the latter half of the 19th century once the New York Central. This is the still used by Metro-North today. The first house was begun in 1910 and finished in 1911, by the beginning of the 21st century, Fieldston, as the 20th century progressed, upscale apartment buildings and smaller houses were added to the neighborhood. To this day, Riverdale continues to maintain its character as an affluent enclave in the city of New York, the rich history of Riverdale has led to the creation of the Riverdale Historic District. In May 2009, the FBI ran an operation to prevent a bombing plot in which two Riverdale synagogues were the suggested targets. This followed a Molotov cocktail attack in 2000 on a different Riverdale synagogue, on July 26,2010, the National Weather Service confirmed that an EF1 tornado had hit Riverdale the day before. There were no fatalities, but seven people were injured, on December 1,2013, a train derailment near Spuyten Duyvil station resulted in four deaths and over 70 injuries, of which 11 were critical. Riverdale covers about three miles in area. It has one of the highest elevations in New York City, affording it views of the Empire State Building, George Washington Bridge, Hudson River and it is also noted for the numerous parks and expanses of greenery and original forest that complement its hilly landscape. The neighborhood is bordered on the north by the city of Yonkers in Westchester County, and on the west by the Hudson River, the AIA Guide to New York City gives Broadway as the eastern boundary, and the Harlem River as the southern. There is also a 15-acre Riverdale Historic District in the northwest of the neighborhood, Riverdales ZIP codes are 10463 and 10471. While 10471 is entirely in Riverdale,10463 also covers the adjacent neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, administratively, Riverdale is part of Bronx Community Board 8
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Spuyten Duyvil, Bronx
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Spuyten Duyvil /ˈspaɪtən ˈdaɪvəl/ is an upper middle class neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City. The area is named after Spuyten Duyvil Creek, Spuyten Duyvil may be literally translated as Spouting Devil or Spuitende Duivel in Dutch, a reference to the strong and wild tidal currents found at that location. It may also be translated as Spewing Devil or Spinning Devil, spui is a Dutch word involving outlets for water. Historian Reginald Pelham Bolton, however, argues that the phrase means sprouting meadow, an additional translation, to spite the Devil or in spite of the devil, was popularized by a story in Washington Irvings A Knickerbockers History of New York published in 1809. The creek was referred to as Shorakapok by Lenape Native Americans in the area and this may be the earliest recorded shark attack in the New World. In the late 17th century, Frederick Philipse, the lord of Philipse Manor in Westchester County, received permission to construct a bridge across Spuyten Duyvil Creek, kings Bridge, which was located roughly south of and parallel to where West 230th Street lies today, opened in 1693. Development of the began in the latter half of the 19th century once the New York Central. This is the still used by Metro-North today. Through the 1920s development of the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood continued, on July 18,2013, a freight train derailed near the Spuyten Duyvil station due to an excessively wide gauge at one point. No one was killed or injured, less than six months later on December 1, a commuter train derailment near the Spuyten Duyvil station resulted in 4 deaths and over 70 injuries,11 of them critical. The cause of the derailment was determined to be excessive speed. Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, a swing bridge that carries Amtraks Empire Corridor line between New York City and Albany, spans Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The north end of the Henry Hudson Bridge connects the neighborhood to the island of Manhattan via the Henry Hudson Parkway, the church was designated a New York City landmark in 1980. Villa Charlotte Bronte is an apartment house built in 1926 and designed by Robert Gardner, hell Gate List of place names of Dutch origin John Jay McKelvey, Sr. Attorney, Park District Protection League Trustee. Notes Bibliography Burrows, Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike, Gotham, A History of New York City to 1898, New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-11634-8 Fernicola, twelve Days of Terror, A Definitive Investigation of the 1916 New Jersey Shark Attacks. The Encyclopedia of New York City, New Haven, Yale University Press, ISBN0300055366 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Dolkart, Andrew S. Postal, Matthew A. Postal, Matthew A. ed
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Van Cortlandt Village
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Van Cortlandt Village is a subsection of the Kingsbridge Heights section of the New York City borough of the Bronx. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 8, named after Van Cortlandt Park, it is bordered by the Major Deegan Expressway to the west, the Jerome Park Reservoir to the east, West 238th Street to the south, and Van Cortlandt Park to the north. Van Cortlandt Village has traditionally classified as part of Kingsbridge Heights. The area is predominantly low-density residential, with a significant number of one-, even the multifamily apartment buildings in the area are seldom taller than 70 feet. Its housing stock is diverse, including spacious single-family homes, multiple-family attached homes, the New York Times describes the area as a serene enclave of quaint homes, winding streets and abundant trees. A garland of greenery wends through the neighborhood, in the heart of the area, on twisting hilly streets like Giles Place and Cannon Place, are elegant brick homes with porticos and manicured hedges. Along the broader avenues are handsome co-op buildings, capped on the end by the Amalgamated Cooperative Houses. With nearly 1,500 units in 11 buildings, the complex was founded in 1927 by leaders of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union, close nearby, to the west and southwest of Van Cortlandt Village, two new large commercial shopping malls were constructed and opened in 2014. As elsewhere in the city, street parking is scarce and some co-ops have resident parking lots, in 1975, a member of the local community board proposed that the Amalgamated and its surroundings be renamed, and a sign was unveiled designating the area Van Cortlandt Village. The Historic Districts Council in early January 2012 recognized Van Cortlandt Village as a New York City neighborhood in need of preservation, in Van Cortlandt Village, the Fort Independence Park Neighborhood Association has been fighting a handful of land grabs and new housing projects. The community sits atop the ruins of a Revolutionary War fort and was designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. It boasts small Tudor revival homes and during the 1920s became a mecca for socialist factory workers fleeing the tenements of the lower East Side to build cooperative housing. Originally named Yiddish Cooperative Heimgesellschaft, the historic Shalom Aleichem Houses cooperative housing project was started by socialist Yiddish members of the Socialist and Communist Parties, construction on the 15-building Neo-Tudor fortress-like structure culminated in 1927. The multi-ethnic rental complex is located in what is considered to be the heart of the Van Cortlandt Village community, as part of the Office of the Bronx Borough Presidents Bronx 2008 historic preservation project, the Shalom Aleichem Co-operative complex is being reviewed for landmark status. The community, eventually named for legendary Yiddish author Shalom Aleichem, was founded as one of the countrys first housing cooperatives and it failed during the Great Depression and became a rental complex. But the close-knit community produced a generation of scientists and artists. Shalom Aleichems garden courtyard is still lush and beautiful, tended by its diverse, based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Van Cortlandt Village was 50,100, a decrease of 507 from the 50,607 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 506.77 acres, the neighborhood had a density of 98.9 inhabitants per acre
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East Bronx
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The East Bronx is that part of the New York City borough of the Bronx which lies east of the Bronx River, this roughly corresponds to the eastern half of the borough. Much of the East Bronx is farther from Manhattan than its western counterpart, while the West Bronx is older and very hilly, the East Bronx looks distinct in that it is not only later-settled but also very flat and coastal, much like the nearby borough of Queens. The East Bronx was annexed by the City of New York decades later, unlike the West Bronx, the East Bronx has numbered streets in only a few neighborhoods. Because the Bronx uses the street numbering system as Manhattan. This is because the east-west divider is Fifth Avenue in Manhattan and Jerome Avenue in the Bronx, thus while all numbered streets in the East Bronx are necessarily designated east, an east street designation does not automatically mean that the area in question is part of the East Bronx. The North East Bronx has a large Black Caribbean population, in particular in the neighborhoods of Wakefield, Baychester, albanians are a presence throughout the East Bronx, in particular in Van Nest, Morris Park and Pelham Parkway. The differences between the East and West Bronx go largely neglected today, the notion of the “South Bronx” is arguably outdated considering that urban decay and high poverty rates have begun to subside comparatively to where they had been in the mid to late 1970s
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Castle Hill, Bronx
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Castle Hill is primarily a residential neighborhood geographically located in the South Central section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 9, Castle Hill Avenue runs from East Tremont Avenue in the north to Castle Hill Park in the south. The area is patrolled by the NYPDs 43rd Precinct located at 900 Fteley Avenue, New York City Housing Authority property in the area is patrolled by P. S. A. Castle Hill is a density, urban neighborhood. The area has a diverse population, primarily consisting of African Americans. Like most neighborhoods in New York City the vast majority of households are renter occupied, there is significant income diversity on a block by block basis. Castle Hill is dominated by multi-unit,2 and 3 story homes, in the 1990s and 2000s, construction of modern 2 and 3 unit row-houses and apartment buildings have increased the percentage of owners versus renters. There is also a slither of industry located along the Hutchinson River, the area gradually comes to peak elevation along Castle Hill Avenue. The Castle Hill Avenue Business Improvement District was started with the assistance of Councilwoman Annabel Palma, relatively undeveloped, the neighborhood began sprouting along the now defunct Castle Hill Avenue street-car system. Later, the became more dense surrounding the construction of the Westchester Avenue Elevated. Castle Hill soon became home to many European immigrants looking for an alternative to the immigrant communities found in Lower Manhattan. Traditionally an urban neighborhood, an influx of lower-income earners. Like most neighborhoods in NYC, the area went through a period of decay beginning in the 1950s and 1960s with a flight of moderate-income earners, the most severe flight occurred in the areas surrounding the Castle Hill Houses, a massive low-income public housing development. Since the late 1980s, and particularly since the 2000s, significant renewal has taken place, many new residential and mixed use properties have been constructed and formally abandoned properties rehabilitated. For example, a New York City project to change the water throughout the neighborhood has rejuvenated the area by rebuilding all sidewalks. On the southern end of Castle Hill Avenue is Castle Hill Point Park, the renovated greenspace features boat ramps, fishing piers, and spectacular views of the Throgs Neck and Whitestone Bridges. Castle Hill YMCA, which features indoor and outdoor pools, a field, basketball court, gym. The Kips Bay Boys and Girls Club located at 1930 Randall Avenue, the Castle Hill Hall of Fame was officially created on June 9,2006, and announced the sole induction of Jennifer Lopez
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Clason Point, Bronx
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Clason Point is a peninsula geographically located in the South Bronx, New York City. The area includes a collection of neighborhoods including, Bronx River, Harding Park, Soundview-Bruckner, the neighborhoods are part of Bronx Community Board 9. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are, the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the north, White Plains Road to the east, the East River to the south, Soundview Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Clason Point. Soundview Avenue once stretched from White Plains Road and Obrien Avenue in Harding Park to Westchester and it was then known as Clasons Point Road. The Bruckner Expressway which now bisects the area along the center was known as Ludlow Avenue. The local New York City Subway line is the IRT Pelham Line, the area is patrolled by the NYPDs 43rd Precinct located at 900 Fteley Avenue. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by PSA8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx, as of the census of 2000, the two census tracts that make up the neighborhood have a population of 5,859. The racial makeup of the neighborhood is 6. 53% White,19. 59% African American,80. 54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Puerto Ricans account for the largest ethnic group, Soundview has a population density about 45,000 per square mile. Its total land area is roughly 1.3 square miles and it is racially diverse and has a mixture of moderate single family homes, low income buildings and expensive condominiums. Most buildings in this section have the requirements as buildings in Co-op City. There are large, residential housing complexes of various types and these include public housing, high-rise co-ops and rentals. The neighborhood contains one of the highest concentrations of NYCHA projects in the Bronx, there are also 5 and 6 story, pre-war, apartment buildings primarily concentrated along the IRT Pelham Line El on Westchester Avenue and multi-unit row-houses located throughout the neighborhood. Starting in the 1990s, the construction of modern 2 and 3 unit row-houses, the neighborhoods northern and eastern borders have a heavy concentration of commercial establishments. Westchester Avenue evolved into a use, primarily commercial, district serving the greater area after the completion of the elevated IRT Pelham Line. Bruckner Plaza, which expanded throughout the 1990s, contains big box stores like Toys R Us, K Mart. Other primary thoroughfares contain limited but necessary amenities like supermarkets, pharmacies, barbershops, hair salons, fast food, bodegas, Bronx River is largely industrial in usage. There are several NYCHA developments,1780 Watson Avenue, one 6-story building,1471 Watson Avenue, one 6-story building
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Harding Park, Bronx
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Harding Park also known as Little Puerto Rico is a private waterfront community geographically located in the Clason Point section of the Bronx, a borough in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 9 and its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are, OBrien Avenue to the north, White Plains Road to the east, the East River to the south, and the Bronx River to the west. White Plains Road is the primary thoroughfare through Harding Park, the area is patrolled by the 43rd Precinct, Sector Adam located at 900 Fteley Avenue in the Soundview section of the Bronx. As in Silver Beach and Edgewater Park in Throggs Neck, a peninsular location, the regions first residents were the Siwanoy Indians, who spoke Algonquian. A passing ship rescued the Cornells, and they returned to their home the year after Wampages last raid, britisher Thomas Pell arrived at a treaty in 1654 with several Siwanoy sachems, including Wampage, that the Dutch authorities didnt recognize. This disagreement was rendered moot in 1664 when the British fleet appeared in the harbor, by the middle 19th century Clason Point had many farmhouses, despite its poor drainage. Even today the main shopping area is fairly distant, along Story Avenue and its seaside location and views attracted seaside resorts, dancehalls and amusement parks in the early 20th Century, served by a ferry from College Point, Queens. In the early 1920s Thomas Higgs, who owned about 100 acres of beachfront property, began leasing tents to visitors, after World War II these became permanent year-round residences due to a housing shortage, eventually sheltering over 250 families. Harding Park survived the attempt of Robert Moses to tear down what he called the Soundview Slums, three years later, in 1982, Harding Park Homeowners Association, the first cooperatively owned low and moderate-income community in the city, was formed. After a wave of arson ravaged the low income communities of New York City throughout the 1970s, at the same time, much of the undeveloped land in the community was left to rot. Many homes have been rehabilitated and also many subsidized multi-unit townhouses have been or are being built on vacant lots across the neighborhood, many in the community however feel the new development has led to new problems. The infrastructure of the community has not been updated in many years, many streets flood after periods of heavy rain. Bruckner Plaza, the nearest retail strip, is approximately 1 mile away, has several big box stores such as Old Navy, public transportation are the BX36 and BX39 buses. Harding Park is dominated by detached bungalows very closely set, many of them built off the grid, the total land area is roughly 1-square-mile. The area is low lying and flat, as of the census of 2000, the two census tracts that make up the neighborhood have a population of 5,859. The racial makeup of the neighborhood is 6. 53% White,19. 59% African American,80. 54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race
