The Confucian court examination system in Vietnam was a civil service examination system for selecting civil officials. Established in 1075 under the Lý dynasty and lasting until 1919 under the Nguyễn
The civil service examination (1895) being administered. Exam invigilators are seen overseeing the testing.
A private class at a home in Vietnam (1895). The students studying are sitting on a sập.
A private class at a home in Vietnam.
A class during the Nguyễn dynasty. The children are being taught chữ Hán (Chinese characters).
Vietnam under Chinese rule
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Vietnam under Chinese rule or Bắc thuộc refers to four historical periods during which several portions of modern-day northern and central Vietnam were governed by successive Chinese dynasties. Vietna
A Dong Son drum
Oldest stele with Chinese characters in Vietnam, early 7th century
Inscription of the Temple of Precious Peace of Jiuzhen Commandery of the Great Sui (大隋九真 郡寶安道場之碑文), praising a Sui dynasty officer named "Governor Li" (V. Lê) for resisting the Tang dynasty, discovered in Thanh Hóa
Ritual bell (replica) cast in 798 AD bearing names (in Chinese characters) of 243 members of a Buddhist association: 135 women and 108 men in Hanoi