The Confucian court examination system in Vietnam was a system for entry into the civil service, which was modelled after the Imperial examination in China, based on knowledge of the classics and literary style from 1075 to 1919.
The successful candidates marched past the judges in the Hương exam in Nam Định in 1897
A private class at a home in Vietnam (1895). The students studying are sitting on a sập.
Results of the examination in Nam Định, 1897
Invigilators seated on high chairs at a provincial exam in 1888 in northern Vietnam
Chữ Hán
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Chữ Hán is the term for Chinese characters in Vietnamese. Chữ Hán are used to write Literary Chinese and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in the Vietnamese language. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was incorporated into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century where usage of Literary Chinese was abolished alongside the Confucian court examinations causing chữ Hán to fall into obscurity.
Lĩnh Nam chích quái (嶺南摭怪) is a 14th-century Vietnamese semi-fictional work written in chữ Hán by Trần Thế Pháp.
History of the Loss of Vietnam (越南亡國史), is a Vietnamese book written in chữ Hán, written by Phan Bội Châu while he was in Japan. It was published by Liang Qichao, a leading Chinese nationalist revolutionary scholar then in Japan
A Vietnamese edict (1765) written in chữ Hán. It uses the Lệnh thư script.
A Vietnamese calligraphist practicing calligraphy written in chữ Hán during Tết.