Convention of Peking
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The Convention of Peking or First Convention of Peking is an agreement comprising three distinct unequal treaties concluded between the Qing dynasty of China and Great Britain, France, and the Russian
Signing of the treaty by Lord Elgin and Prince Gong
Prince Gong, photographed by Felice Beato, 2 November 1860, just days after he signed the treaty on 24 October 1860.
Plaque in Chengde Mountain Resort marking the 1860 treaty as a "national humiliation" for China.
Treaty of Aigun
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The Treaty of Aigun was an 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire and Qing dynasty of China. Yishan, official of the Qing, signed it on behalf of the Qing. It established much of the modern border bet
Convention of Peking
…the right to the Ussuri krai, a part of the modern day Primorye, the territory that corresponded with the ancient Manchu province of East Tartary. See Treaty of Aigun (1858), Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) and Sino-Russian border conflicts. In addition to ceding territory that had been ruled by the Qing dynasty, the…
Changes to the China–Russia border in the 19th century. Territory ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Aigun is shown in yellow.