Corbicula fluminea is a species of freshwater clam native to eastern Asia which has become a successful invasive species throughout the world, including North America, South America, Europe, and New Zealand. It is native to freshwater environments of Eastern Asia, including Russia, Thailand, the Philippines, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. C. fluminea also occurs naturally in freshwater environments of Africa. Corbicula fluminea is commonly known in the west as the Asian clam, Asiatic clam, or Asian gold clam. In Southeast Asia, C. fluminea is known as the golden clam, prosperity clam, pygmy clam, or good luck clam. In New Zealand, it is commonly referred as the freshwater gold clam.

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. Clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. They live in both freshwater and marine environments; in salt water they prefer to burrow down into the mud and the turbidity of the water required varies with species and location; the greatest diversity of these is in North America.