In physics, the Coriolis force is a pseudo-force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation
Image from Cursus seu Mundus Mathematicus (1674) of C.F.M. Dechales, showing how a cannonball should deflect to the right of its target on a rotating Earth, because the rightward motion of the ball is faster than that of the tower.
Image from Cursus seu Mundus Mathematicus (1674) of C.F.M. Dechales, showing how a ball should fall from a tower on a rotating Earth. The ball is released from F. The top of the tower moves faster than its base, so while the ball falls, the base of the tower moves to I, but the ball, which has the eastward speed of the tower's top, outruns the tower's base and lands further to the east at L.
Due to the Coriolis force, low-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere, like Typhoon Nanmadol (left), rotate counterclockwise, and in the Southern Hemisphere, low-pressure systems like Cyclone Darian (right) rotate clockwise.
Cloud formations in a famous image of Earth from Apollo 17, makes similar circulation directly visible
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference,
Coriolis force
…Coriolis effect. Though recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, in connection with the theory of water wheels. Early in the 20th century, the term Coriolis force began to be used in connection with meteorology. On…
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
Title page of an 1829 copy of "Du Calcul de L'Effet Des Machines"
Introductory page of an 1829 copy of "Du Calcul de L'Effet Des Machines"
First page of an 1829 copy of "Du Calcul de L'Effet Des Machines"