1.
Mount Morris Bank Building
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Although an architectural standout when new in 1883, by the late 1970s it was vacant, and remained so for three decades, vandalized and deteriorating. In 2009 the city demolished, for safety, most of what remained after a 1997 fire, but in 2012 a developer undertook to rebuild it for commercial occupancy, and the building reöpened in May 2015. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, the bank initially rented space at 133 East 125th Street, just west of Lexington Avenue. Like its plainer neighbors, the building was designed for a mix of commercial and residential use, the basement, partially above ground, was initially occupied by the Mount Morris Safe Deposit Company at #83, which built and owned the building. There were six apartments on four floors above the commercial space, the apartments – called The Morris – were completely separated from the banking portion of the building. The Corn Exchange Bank merged with Chemical Bank in 1954 and became the Chemical Corn Exchange Bank, Chemical closed the branch in the mid 1960s and moved its operations to a new location nearby,3 following which various commercial tenants and a church occupied the building. In 2003 a community activist paid $10,000 for the building, planning a school, but she was unable to finance her project. The city repossessed the building in 2000 and in 2009 demolished all but the basement, developer Artimus Construction purchased the structure in 2012 and undertook to rebuild it for commercial and retail occupancy. The design, by Danois Architects, is not intended to be a copy of the original, but rather strongly suggestive of it. The Corn Exchange Building reöpened with an art fair in May 2015, list of New York City Landmarks National Register of Historic Places listings in New York County, New York Corn Exchange Bank Building Library of Congress website. Photos of the destroyed building East Harlem Preservation website. Corn Exchange Bank What About the Plastic Animals, photos of the partly destroyed building
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
4.
Wisconsin
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Wisconsin is a U. S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, the state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline, Wisconsin is known as Americas Dairyland because it is one of the nations leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology, and tourism are major contributors to the states economy. The word Wisconsin originates from the given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River, arriving in 1673, subsequent French writers changed the spelling from Meskousing to Ouisconsin, and over time this became the name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling from Ouisconsin to Wisconsin when they began to arrive in numbers during the early 19th century. The legislature of Wisconsin Territory made the current spelling official in 1845, the Algonquin word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that lines its banks, other theories include claims that the name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning red stone place, where the waters gather, or great rock. Wisconsin has been home to a variety of cultures over the past 12,000 years. The first people arrived around 10,000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation and these early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals such as the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin. After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the Effigy Mound culture. Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin. The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact, the first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local Native Americans. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien
5.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
6.
William Street (Manhattan)
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William Street is a street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs generally southwest to northeast, crossing Wall Street and terminating at Broad Street and Spruce Street, between Beaver Street and Broad Street, the street is known as South William Street. Between Beekman Street and Spruce Street, in front of New York Downtown Hospital and it is one of the oldest streets in Manhattan and can be seen in the 1660 Castello Plan of New Amsterdam. It was originally called King Street, but was later renamed William after Willem Beekman who arrived in New Amsterdam in 1647 as a passenger of Peter Stuyvesant. Beekman got his start as a Dutch West India Company clerk, the area was declared a historic district in 1996 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The buildings on William Street tend to cater to the underpinnings of the area and include luxury condominiums, offices. Media related to William Street at Wikimedia Commons
7.
R. H. Robertson
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Robert Henderson Robertson was an American architect who designed numerous houses, institutional buildings and churches. Robertson was born in Philadelphia of Scottish parents and he was educated in Scotland, then graduated from Rutgers College in 1869. He apprenticed for years in Philadelphia with Henry A. Sims. Post, then in 1873-74 for Edward Tuckerman Potter, the partnership lasted from 1875 to 1881, working in a free Gothic Revival style, Robertson, the junior partner, appears to have been responsible for the firms residences. In the 1890s, in the wake of the White City of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Robertson died June 3,1919, at William S. Webbs Adirondack lodge in Nehasane, Hamilton County, New York, which he had designed. He is buried in Southampton, New York.1877, now demolished, alpha Kappa Lodge – Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Hillside, also known as the Adam-Derby House – Oyster Bay, New York, the partnerships only documented house on the Long Island Gold Coast is also in the Queen Anne style. Christ Episcopal Church – Oyster Bay, Long Island, altered by Delano & Aldrich in 1925, among his many other commissions in New York City and elsewhere, St. James Episcopal Church – East 71st Street & Madison Avenue. Altered by Ralph Adams Cram and others, collapsed tower replaced by a spire,1950. Mott Haven Railroad Station – demolished YWCA Building – 7-11 East 15th Street, now used by the Soka Gakkai International-USA Cultural Center, the Buddhist Association for Peace, Culture and Education. Drew Theological Seminary Library – Madison, New Jersey, published in The American Architect and Building News 20 March 1886. Sunnymede, Dr. Francis H. Markoe house – Southampton, knox Presbyterian Church –252 East 72nd Street, now known as St. John the Martyr Roman Catholic Church Bushnell House –838 East High Street, Springfield, Ohio. Built for Asa Bushnell and his wife Ellen, and now a funeral home and it is part of Springfields East High Street Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Wyndcote, Robertsons residence – Southampton, Long Island, House –231 Madison Avenue, Robertson significantly enlarged this Italianate mansion, which was originally built in 1852-53. Completed the design of James H. Giles, St Lukes Church – Convent Avenue, Hamilton Heights Within the Hamilton Heights Historic District, Pequot Library – Southport, Connecticut. Engine Company 55 Firehouse – Fire Department of New York),363 Broome Street, New York Savings Bank – Eighth Avenue at West 14th Street. The grand Roman banking hall was occupied by Central Carpet, then by the upscale grocery mart and it and its twin across the street serve as New Yorks gemelli churches. Tuscan Renaissance in tan brick and limestone, with an octagonal campanile at the corner, the AIA Guide to New York City calls this church, with its octagonal corner tower, a startling work
8.
Connecticut
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Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area and it is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U. S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Connecticuts center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticuts first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Landmarks and Cities of Connecticut Connecticut is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New York, on the north by Massachusetts, and on the east by Rhode Island. The state capital and third largest city is Hartford, and other cities and towns include Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, Danbury, New Britain, Greenwich. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront
9.
Chemical Bank
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Chemical Bank was a bank with headquarters in New York City from 1824 until 1996. At the end of 1995, Chemical was the third-largest bank in the U. S. with about $182.9 billion in assets, after 1988, the bank operated as the primary subsidiary of the bank holding company Chemical Banking Corporation. Following Chemicals acquisition of Chase in 1996, the bank adopted the venerable Chase brand, the bank is now part of JPMorgan Chase. Chemical Bank was the operating subsidiary of the Chemical Banking Corporation. As of the end of 1995, before its merger with the Chase Manhattan Bank, Chemical was the third-largest bank in the United States by total assets, the Chemical Banking Corporation was the fifth-largest bank holding company in terms of total assets. Of Chemicals $182.9 billion, the bank held about $82.1 billion of loans, including loans, other consumer loans. Among Chemicals largest international exposure was to Japan, Germany, the other assets on the banks balance sheet included cash as well as various debt and equity securities. Chemical reported record net income of $1.8 billion for 1995, Chemicals level of capital at the end of 1995 remained strong, with capital adequacy ratios well in excess of regulatory requirements. The Corporations Tier 1 and Total Capital ratios were 8. 5% and 12. 1%, Chemical was one of the leading banks in the U. S. active both in corporate banking as well as retail banking. Chemicals corporate banking business provided a wide variety business loans, leasing, real estate financing, money transfer, Chemical was among the leading bank lenders to small and medium-sized businesses. Chemical also had a significant presence in investment banking as well as underwriting corporate debt, before its 1996 merger with Chase, Chemical had two operating segments, the Global Bank and Consumer & Relationship Banking. The banks private equity and venture capital functions were housed in this division. Global Markets was primarily focused on sales and trading activities, foreign exchange dealing, derivatives trading and structuring, risk management, in 1995, Chemicals Global Bank revenue was roughly balanced between investment banking and markets activities Consumer & Relationship Banking. Consumer and Relationship Banking was made up of a number of businesses, including banking, commercial banking, credit cards. Chemical maintained a market share position in providing financial services to middle market companies nationally. This division also included a private banking business, although Chemical was not a leading player in this market. The bank opened its first offices at 216 Broadway in Downtown New York in 1824 at the corner of Ann Street. In 1848, the agreed to sell its building to its neighbor Barnums American Museum
10.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
11.
Willie Sutton
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William Francis Willie Sutton, Jr. was an American bank robber. During his forty-year criminal career he stole an estimated $2 million, for his talent at executing robberies in disguises, he gained two nicknames, Willie the Actor and Slick Willie. Sutton is also known as the namesake of Suttons law, although he denied originating it, Sutton was born into an Irish-American family on June 30,1901 on the corner of Gold and Nassau Streets in the neighborhood of Irishtown, Brooklyn, Now called Vinegar Hill. According to his biography, Where the Money Was, at the age of three the family moved to High Street and his father, William Sutton Sr. was a blacksmith. His mother was Mary Ellen Bowles and born in Ireland according to the biography, however in the 1910 U. S. Census she was born in Maryland, in 1910 she had given birth to five children three still living. In the 1910 Census his maternal grandfather, James Bowles, and he was the fourth of five children, and did not go beyond the 8th grade of school. He turned to crime at an age, though throughout his professional criminal career. Described by Mafioso Donald Frankos as a little bright-eyed guy, just 57, Frankos stated also that Sutton dispensed mounds of legal advice to any convict willing to listen. Inmates considered Sutton a wise old head in the prison population, when incarcerated at The Tombs he did not have to worry about assault because Mafia friends looked after him. Gangsters from the period, and many incarcerated organized crime mafia family leaders and made Mafiosi. He was always a gentleman, witty and non-violent, Frankos declared that Sutton made legendary bank thieves Jesse James and John Dillinger look like amateurs. Sutton was a bank robber. He usually carried a pistol or a Thompson submachine gun and you cant rob a bank on charm and personality, he once observed. In an interview in the Readers Digest published shortly before his death and he responded that he never carried a loaded gun because somebody might get hurt. He stole from the rich and kept it, though public opinion later turned him into a type of Robin Hood figure. He allegedly never robbed a bank when a woman screamed or a baby cried, Sutton was captured and recommitted in June 1931, charged with assault and robbery. He did not complete his 30-year sentence, escaping on December 11,1932, using a smuggled gun, with the guard as leverage, Sutton acquired a 45-ft ladder to scale the 30-ft wall of the prison grounds. On February 15,1933, Sutton attempted to rob the Corn Exchange Bank and he came in disguised as a postman, but an alert passerby foiled the crime
12.
JPMorgan Chase
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JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a U. S. multinational banking and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City. It is the largest bank in the United States, the third largest bank by total assets, with total assets of roughly US$2.5 trillion. It is a provider of financial services, and according to Forbes magazine is the worlds sixth largest public company based upon a composite ranking. The hedge fund unit of JPMorgan Chase is the second largest hedge fund in the United States, the company was formed in 2000, when Chase Manhattan Corporation merged with J. P. Morgan & Co. The J. P. Morgan brand, historically known as Morgan, is used by the investment banking, asset management, private banking, private wealth management, and treasury & securities services divisions. Fiduciary activity within private banking and private wealth management is done under the aegis of JPMorgan Chase Bank, the Chase brand is used for credit card services in the United States and Canada, the banks retail banking activities in the United States, and commercial banking. The corporate headquarters is located at 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, the retail and commercial bank is headquartered in 270 Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, New York City, New York, U. S. JPMorgan Chase & Co. is considered to be a universal bank. As of 2016, JPMorgan Chase is one of the Big Four banks of the United States, followed by Bank of America, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo. JPMorgan Chase, in its current structure, is the result of the combination of several large U. S. banking companies since 1996, including Chase Manhattan Bank, Bank One, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual. The Chase Manhattan Bank was formed upon the 1955 purchase of Chase National Bank by the Bank of the Manhattan Company, the Bank of the Manhattan Company was the creation of Aaron Burr, who transformed The Manhattan Company from a water carrier into a bank. This of course injected a powerful element of politics into the process and invited what today would be called corruption, the innocuous-looking clause allowed the company to invest surplus capital in any lawful enterprise. Within six months of the creation, and long before it had laid a single section of water pipe, the company opened a bank. Still in existence, it is today J. P. Morgan Chase, weakened by the real estate collapse in the early 1990s, it was acquired by Chemical Bank in 1996, retaining the Chase name. Before its merger with J. P. Morgan & Co. the new Chase expanded the investment, in 1999, it acquired San Francisco-based Hambrecht & Quist for $1.35 billion. In April 2000, UK-based Robert Fleming & Co. was purchased by the new Chase Manhattan Bank for $7.7 billion, the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company was founded in 1823 as a maker of various chemicals. In 1824, the company amended its charter to perform banking activities, in the 1980s and early 1990s, Chemical emerged as one of the leaders in the financing of leveraged buyout transactions. In 1984, Chemical launched Chemical Venture Partners to invest in equity transactions alongside various financial sponsors. At many points throughout history, Chemical Bank was the largest bank in the United States
13.
J.P. Morgan & Co.
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J. P. Morgan & Co. is a commercial and investment banking institution based in the United States founded by John Pierpont Morgan and commonly known as the House of Morgan or simply Morgan. The firm is a predecessor of three of the largest banking institutions in the United States and globally, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, and Deutsche Bank. In 2000, J. P. Morgan & Co. merged with Chase Manhattan Bank to form JPMorgan Chase & Co. one of the largest global banking institutions. Today, the J. P. Morgan brand is used to market certain JPMorgan Chase wholesale businesses, including investment banking, commercial banking and asset management. The J. P. Morgan branding was revamped in 2008 to return to its traditional appearance after several years of depicting the Chase symbol to the right of a condensed and modernized JPMorgan. Between 1959 and 1989, J. P. Morgan operated as the Morgan Guaranty Trust, the origins of the firm date back to 1854 when Junius S. Morgan joined George Peabody & Co. a London-based banking business headed by George Peabody. Junius took control of the firm, changing its name to J. S, Morgan & Co. in 1864 on Peabodys retirement. Juniuss son, J. Pierpont Morgan, first apprenticed at Duncan, Sherman and Company in the New York City, then founded his own firm with a cousin, J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, J. Pierpont Morgan & Company traded in government bonds and foreign exchange. It also acted as an agent for Peabody’s, Junius, however, considered some of Pierpont’s ventures to be highly speculative. So, Pierpont took on a senior partner and the firm was known first as Dabney, Morgan and Company, then Drexel. In these firms, Pierpont used his Peabody connection to bring British financial capital together with rapidly growing U. S. industrial firms, such as railroads, who needed financial capital. The Drexel of Drexel, Morgan & Co. was Philadelphia banker Anthony J. Drexel, on Junius’ death in 1890, Pierpont Morgan took his place at J. S. After Drexel’s death, Drexel, Morgan reorganized in 1895 and became J. P and it financed the formation of the United States Steel Corporation, which took over the business of Andrew Carnegie and others and was the worlds first billion-dollar corporation. In 1895, it supplied the United States government with $62 million in gold to float a bond issue and restore the treasury surplus of $100 million. In 1892, the company began to finance the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, built in 1914,23 Wall Street was known as The Corner and The House of Morgan, and for decades the banks headquarters was the most important address in American finance. At noon, on September 16,1920, an anarchist bomb exploded in front of the bank, killing 38, shortly before the bomb went off, an unknown person placed a warning note in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway. The warning read, Remember we will not tolerate any longer, free the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. The Bank of England became an agent of J. P. Morgan & Co
14.
Chase Bank
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The bank was known as Chase Manhattan Bank until it merged with J. P. Morgan & Co. in 2000. Chase Manhattan Bank was formed by the merger of the Chase National Bank, the bank has been headquartered in Columbus, Ohio since its merger with Bank One Corporation in 2004. The bank acquired the deposits and most assets of Washington Mutual, Chase offers more than 5,100 branches and 16,100 ATMs nationwide. JPMorgan Chase has 250,355 employees and operates in more than 100 countries, JPMorgan Chase currently has assets of roughly US$2.49 trillion. JPMorgan Chase, through its Chase subsidiary, is one of the Big Four banks of the United States. From September 1,1799, to 1955, it was called The Bank of The Manhattan Company, Chase National Bank was formed in 1877 by John Thompson. It was named after former United States Treasury Secretary and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, the Chase National Bank acquired a number of smaller banks in the 1920s, through its Chase Securities Corporation. In 1926, for instance, it acquired Mechanics and Metals National Bank, however, its most significant acquisition was the Equitable Trust Company of New York in 1930, the largest stockholder of which was John D. Rockefeller, Jr. This made Chase the largest bank in America and indeed, in the world, in 1955, Chase National Bank and The Manhattan Company merged to create The Chase Manhattan Bank. The deal was structured as an acquisition by the Bank of the Manhattan Company of Chase National. This avoided the need for consent by shareholders. For Chase Manhattan Banks new logo, Chermayeff & Geismar designed a stylized octagon in 1961, the Chase logo is a stylized representation of the primitive water pipes laid by the Manhattan Company, which were made by nailing together wooden planks. The bank included a management business called the Chase Investors Management Corporation. Under McCloys successor, George Champion, the bank relinquished its antiquated 1799 state charter for a modern one, in 1969, under the leadership of David Rockefeller, the bank became part of a bank holding company, the Chase Manhattan Corporation. In July 1996, Chemical Bank of New York purchased Chase Manhattan Bank, chemicals previous acquisitions included Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, in 1991, and Texas Commerce Bank, in 1987. Although Chemical was the survivor, the merged company retained the Chase name since it was better known. In December 2000, the combined Chase Manhattan completed the acquisition of J. P. Morgan & Co. in one of the largest banking mergers to date, the combined company was renamed JPMorgan Chase. In 2004, the bank acquired Bank One, making Chase the largest credit card issuer in the United States, JPMorgan Chase added Bear Stearns & Co. and Washington Mutual to its acquisitions in 2008 and 2009 respectively
15.
Chase Paymentech
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Chase Paymentech is the payment processing and merchant acquiring business of JPMorgan Chase. Paymentech payment platforms support businesses of all sizes to process payments, including credit, debit, Paymentech can authorize payment transactions in more than 130 currencies. The company also provides business analytics, payment fraud detection, in 2012, Chase Paymentech processed 29.5 billion transactions with a value of $655.2 billion. 1985, MNET, MBanks retail unit and merchant acquirer founded 1987, the expansions continued with further acquisition of Litle and DMGT in 1995. The brand Paymentech was created in the year 1996 and the IPO was executed in the same year, Paymentech acquired Gensar, which later became Paymentech Network Services, Tampa, and Merchant Link in 1996. In 1997, Chase Paymentech was created as a joint venture between Chase Merchant Services and First Data Corporation and that year, First USA was acquired by Bank One. In 2001, Paymentech completed the largest retail merchant conversion,2002, Chase Paymentech acquired the merchant acquiring portfolios of Scotiabank and Citibank CA. Chase Paymentech opened its first European office in Dublin, Ireland in 2004 and that year also saw the merger of Bank One and JPMorgan Chase. Their product portfolio includes products to help merchants reduce payment fraud, the company offers solutions across multiple industry verticals, including e-commerce, retail, professional services, travel and lodging, restaurant, digital content, and government. The firm offers products for merchants and small business owners to take payments in real time on mobile devices and their “Chase Mobile Checkout” product, launched in May 2013, allows businesses to accept credit and debit cards via smartphone with their mobile app and card reader. The firm provides payment terminals and PC solutions for credit card acceptance at point of sale, the Index shows both sales volume and transaction count for online purchases across Chase Paymentechs global processing platforms
16.
Highbridge Capital Management
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Highbridge Capital Management, LLC is a US$25 billion multi-strategy alternative investment management firm founded by Glenn Dubin and Henry Swieca in 1992. The firm was founded in 1992, by childhood friends Glenn Dubin, the company started with $35 million in capital and is named after the 19th-century aqueduct that connects Washington Heights and the Bronx. In 2004, J. P. Morgan Asset Management purchased 55% ownership of the firm, the company maintains offices in New York, London, and Hong Kong. The firm operates as a subsidiary of J. P. Morgan Asset Management, in October 2015, it was reported that JPMorgan Chase was nearing a deal to sell the firm. Brooke Harlow - Former Managing Director
17.
One Equity Partners
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One Equity Partners is the private merchant banking arm of JPMorgan Chase, focused on leveraged buyout and growth capital investments in middle-market companies. Formed at Bank One in 2001, the group has offices in New York City, Chicago, Sao Paulo, Vienna, Hong Kong and it manages approximately $10 billion of investments and capital commitments by JPMorgan Chase. In 2006, One Equity, together with The Blackstone Group, the company owns Worldspan and Galileo as well as approximately 48% of Orbitz Worldwide. The sale of Travelport followed the spin-offs of Cendants real estate and hospitality businesses, Realogy Corporation and Wyndham Worldwide Corporation, respectively, later in the year, TPG and Silver Lake would acquire Travelports chief competitor Sabre Holdings. One Equity Partners was founded in 2001 by Dick Cashin to serve as the equity investment arm of Bank One. Cashin had previously served as president of Citicorp Venture Capital, the predecessor of Court Square Capital Partners and CVC Capital Partners, in 2002, former Ford Motor Company CEO Jacques Nasser joined One Equity. He would serve as chairman of Polaroid Corporation, Nasser was involved in 2006, when One Equity was speculated as one of several potential private equity bidders for Jaguar Cars. In 2004, JPMorgan Chase completed its acquisition of Bank One, prior to the merger, JPMorgan had its own in-house private equity investment group, JPMorgan Partners. JPMorgan Partners was significantly larger than One Equity and focused on larger transactions, in 2008, when JPMorgan Chase acquired Bear Stearns private equity platform, Bear Stearns Merchant Banking, One Equity was once again designated the exclusive private equity arm for the combined firm. In 2006 One Equity Partners purchased Pennsylvania-based NCO Group, which posted $1.56 billion in revenue last year, according to a J. P. Morgan spokesman, by 2010 the company was winding down the debt-buying side and will focus on debt collection. Bear Stearns Merchant Banking CCMP Capital JP Morgan may spin off One Equity Partners, september 13,2004 JPMorgans buy-out unit to become an independent firm. March 2,2005 JPMorgan Chase Announces Changes to Private Equity Business, march 1,2005 One Equity Partners
18.
Jamie Dimon
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James Jamie Dimon is a Greek American business executive. Dimon was named to Time magazines 2006,2008,2009 and he was also named to Institutional Investors Best CEOs list in the All-America Executive Team Survey from 2008 through 2011. Dimon is one of the few bank chief executives to become a billionaire and he received a $23 million pay package for fiscal year 2011, more than any other bank CEO in the United States. Dimon received $20 million in compensation for his work in fiscal year 2013, Dimon was born in New York City, to Theodore and Themis Dimon, one of three sons. He is of Greek descent and attended The Browning School and his paternal grandfather was a Greek immigrant who changed the family name from Papademetriou to Dimon to make it sound more French, and worked as a banker in Smyrna and Athens. He has a brother, Peter, and a fraternal twin brother. Dimons father and grandfather were both stockbrokers at Shearson and he majored in psychology and economics at Tufts University. During one summers break from Tufts, he worked at Shearson, after graduating, he worked in management consulting for two years before enrolling at Harvard Business School, along with classmates Jeffrey Immelt, Steve Burke, Stephen Mandel and Seth Klarman. During the summer at Harvard, he worked at Goldman Sachs and he graduated in 1982, earning a Master of Business Administration degree as a Baker Scholar. After graduation, Sandy Weill convinced him to turn down offers from Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, although Weill could not offer the same amount of money as the investment banks, Weill promised Dimon that he would have fun. Dimons father, Theodore Dimon, was a vice president at American Express. The younger Dimon came to Weills attention when Theodore passed along an essay that Jamie had written, Weill left American Express in 1985 and Dimon followed him. The two then took over Commercial Credit, a finance company, from Control Data. Dimon served as the financial officer, helping to turn the company around. Dimon left Citigroup in November 1998, after being asked to resign by Weill during a weekend executive retreat. It was rumored at the time that he and Weill argued in 1997 over Dimons not promoting Weills daughter, Jessica M. Bibliowicz, at least one other account cites a request by Dimon to be treated as an equal as the real reason. In his 2005 University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Fireside Chat and 2006 Kellogg School of Management interviews, in March 2000, Dimon became CEO of Bank One, the nations fifth largest bank. When JPMorgan Chase purchased Bank One in July 2004, Dimon became president, on December 31,2005, he was named chief executive officer of JPMorgan Chase and on December 31,2006, he was named chairman of the board
19.
Jing Ulrich
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Jing Ulrich, née Li, is the managing director and vice chairman of Asia Pacific at JPMorgan Chase. Ulrich is one of the most prominent advisors to the largest global asset-management companies, sovereign-wealth funds and she is in charge of covering JPMorgan Chases most senior global clients across all asset classes and strengthening relationships with executives in Asia Pacific and the rest of the world. In recent years, various publications have listed her among the worlds most powerful women, likewise, in October 2013, the South China Morning Post featured Ulrich as one of Hong Kongs 25 most inspirational and influential women, who have made a difference to society. In 2016, she received the inaugural Asian Women Leadership Award from China Daily and Asia News Network. Previous conferences run by Ulrich have included speeches by former officials such as Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, U. S. President Bill Clinton, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. She also joined a roster of prominent international figures on the International Advisory Council of Bocconi University in Italy, moreover, Ulrich has served as an independent director on the boards of GlaxoSmithKline, a global healthcare company, and Italian luxury-goods firm, Ermenegildo Zegna. In 1990, she received a degree with honors in English and American Literature from Harvard University. From 1994 to 1996, Ulrich worked as a manager for Greater China at Emerging Markets Management in Washington, D. C. Her drive and talent, even at that age, prompted him to predict she would one day become a leader of China, from 2003 to 2005, Ulrich was managing director of Greater China equities at Deutsche Bank. Before joining Deutsche Bank, Ulrich spent seven years at CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets, Ulrich has been the managing director and chairman of global markets, China at JPMorgan since 2005. With the more recent Forbes publication also including her among the worlds 20 youngest power women, in 2011 and 2012, FinanceAsia named Ulrich one of the top 20 women in finance and top 30 bankers in China. In March 2012 and 2013, Forbes magazine named her one of Asias top 50 powerful businesswomen, as an advisor to the world’s largest asset-management companies, sovereign-wealth and pension funds, Ulrich’s views influence the allocation of trillions of dollars in assets. She also serves as an advisor to Chinese institutions making investments overseas, during the past twelve years, Ulrich has achieved recognition as the industry’s most respected China watcher. Until she moved into a senior role, global investors in independent research polls of other publications such as Asiamoney magazine repeatedly chose her as the best China strategist. Print and TV media often interview Ulrich for her views on China, when traveling to the U. S. she is a frequent guest of Maria Bartiromo on CNBCs Closing Bell investor news program. She has also appeared on the PBS Nightly Business Report, in Asia she regularly speaks on Bloomberg Television. Ulrich’s views, interviews, and columns often appear in such as The Financial Times, The New York Times. In recent years, the South China Morning Post, China Daily, and others have referred to Ulrich as the voice of China
20.
J. P. Morgan
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John Pierpont J. P. Morgan was an American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation in late 19th and early 20th Century United States. In 1892, Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and he was instrumental in the creation of the United States Steel Corporation, International Harvester and AT&T. He directed the banking coalition that stopped the Panic of 1907 and he was the leading financier of the Progressive Era, and his dedication to efficiency and modernization helped transform American business. Morgan has been described as America’s greatest banker, Morgan died in Rome, Italy, in his sleep in 1913 at the age of 75, leaving his fortune and business to his son, John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. His fortune was estimated at only US$80 million, prompting John D. Rockefeller to say, Morgan was born into the influential Morgan family in Hartford, Connecticut, and was raised there. He was the son of Junius Spencer Morgan and Juliet Pierpont, Pierpont, as he preferred to be known, had a varied education due in part to the plans of his father. In the fall of 1848, Pierpont transferred to the Hartford Public School and then to the Episcopal Academy in Cheshire, Connecticut, boarding with the principal. In September 1851, Morgan passed the exam for The English High School of Boston. In the spring of 1852, an illness struck which was to more common as his life progressed. Rheumatic fever left him in so much pain that he could not walk and he convalesced there for almost a year, then returned to the English High School in Boston to resume his studies. After he graduated, his father sent him to Bellerive, a school near the Swiss village of Vevey and his father then sent him to the University of Göttingen in order to improve his German. He attained a level of German within six months and also a degree in art history, then traveled back to London via Wiesbaden. Morgan went into banking in 1857 at the London branch of merchant banking firm Peabody, in 1858, he moved to New York City to join the banking house of Duncan, Sherman & Company, the American representatives of George Peabody and Company. Morgan had avoided serving during the war by paying a substitute $300 to take his place, from 1860 to 1864, as J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, he acted as agent in New York for his fathers firm, renamed J. S. Morgan & Co. upon Peabodys retirement in 1864, from 1864–72, he was a member of the firm of Dabney, Morgan, and Company. In 1871, he partnered with the Drexels of Philadelphia to form the New York firm of Drexel, at that time, Anthony J. Drexel became Pierponts mentor at the request of Junius Morgan. After the death of Anthony Drexel, the firm was rechristened J. P. Morgan & Company in 1895, retaining close ties with Drexel & Company of Philadelphia, Morgan, Harjes & Company of Paris, and J. S. By 1900, it was one of the most powerful banking houses of the world, Morgan had many partners over the years, such as George W. Perkins, but always remained firmly in charge
21.
J. P. Morgan Jr.
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John Pierpont Jack Morgan Jr. also referred to as J. P. Morgan Jr. was an American banker, finance executive, and philanthropist. Morgan Jr. inherited the fortune and took over the business interests including J. P. Morgan & Co. after his father J. P. Morgan died. He supported the New York Lying-In Hospital, the Red Cross, the Episcopal Church, Morgan brokered a deal that positioned his company as the sole munitions and supplies purchaser during World War I for the British and French governments. The results produced a one percent commission on $3,000,000,000 or $30,000,000 to the company, Morgan was also a banking broker for financing to foreign governments both during and after the war. Morgan was born on September 7,1867 in Irvington, New York to J. P. Morgan and Frances Louisa Tracy. He graduated from St. Pauls School and later, Harvard College, in 1886 and his siblings included Louisa Pierpont Morgan, who married Herbert L. Satterlee, Juliet Pierpont Morgan who married William Pierson Hamilton, and Anne Tracy Morgan, a philanthropist. His paternal grandparents were Junius Spencer Morgan and Juliet Pierpont, the daughter of John Pierpont, the younger Morgan resembled his father in his dislike for publicity and continued his fathers philanthropic policy. In 1905, his father acquired the bank Guaranty Trust as part of his efforts to consolidate New York City banking, after his father died in 1913, the bank became Jacks base. Morgan played a prominent part in financing World War I, following its outbreak, he made the first loan of $12,000,000 to Russia. In 1915, a loan of $500,000,000 was made to France, the firms involvement with British and French interests fueled charges the bank was conspiring to maneuver the United States into supporting the Allies in order to rescue its loans. By 1915 it became apparent the war was not going to end quickly, contributing to the tensions was the favoritism displayed by Morgan officials to British interests. Morgan organized a syndicate of about 2200 banks and floated a loan of $500,000,000 to the Allies, the British sold off their holdings of American securities and by late 1916 were dependent on unsecured loans for further purchases. When the United States entered the war, this way to close collaboration. From 1914 to 1919, he was a member of the council for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On 3 July 1915, an intruder, Eric Muenter, entered Morgans Long Island mansion and this was ostensibly to bring about an embargo on arms, and in protest of his profiteering from war. Morgan, however, quickly recovered from his wounds, after World War I and the Versailles Treaty, Morgan Guaranty managed Germanys reparation payments. After the war, Morgan made several trips to Europe to investigate, in 1919 he was for a time chairman of the international committee, composed of American, British and French bankers, for the protection of the holders of Mexican securities. In November 1919, he was made a director of the Foreign Finance Corporation, by the 1920s, Morgan Guaranty had become one of the worlds most important banking institutions, as a leading lender to Germany and Europe
22.
Junius Spencer Morgan
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Junius Spencer Morgan I was an American banker and financier as well as the father of J. P. Morgan. He founded J. S. Morgan & Co. Morgan was born on April 14,1813 in Holyoke, the Morgan name is traced to Carmarthen, Wales, and the first known Morgan family ancestral is Hyfaidd ap Bleddri, third son of Bledri of Wales. Miles Morgan, ancestor to the Morgan family in America, emigrated from Bristol and his sister, Lucy Morgan was married to Major James Goodwin, one of the founders, and a president for many years, of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company. He had inherited wealth from his father, Joseph Morgan, and showed great business ability. He was soon invited to become a partner in the house of J. M. Beebe & Co. one of the largest retail stores in Boston and he was in the dry goods business from about 1836 to 1853. After some years, he met George Peabody, the well-known London banker, shortly after the meeting, in 1854, Morgan entered Peabodys prosperous firm, George Peabody & Co. as a partner. Ten years later, in 1864, Morgan succeeded Peabody as head of the firm, during the American Civil War, the firm was a seller of United States war bonds in England. With the assistance of his son, J. P. Morgan, after establishing himself in London, he did not return to the United States for 23 years, in 1877. In a dinner upon his return, Morgan stated. never do anything to cause evil to be spoken of the American name, in 1836, Morgan married Juliet Pierpont, daughter of John Pierpont, a poet, lawyer, merchant, and Unitarian minister. Their daughter, Mary Ethel Burns married Lewis Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt in 1899, Junius Spencer Morgan, who died young Juliet Pierpont Morgan, who was the mother of John Junius Morgan. He contributed money to the Hartford Free Library, his church and to Trinity College, Morgan died on April 8,1890, from injuries sustained in a carriage accident. At his funeral, the pallbearers were Roland Mather, Levi P. Morton, Anthony Joseph Drexel, Chauncey M. Depew, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, rogers, J. Kearney Warren, and Edward John Phelps. He was interred at the lot in Cedar Hill Cemetery. At his death, he left an estimated at about $10,000,000
23.
George Peabody
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George Peabody was an American-British financier widely regarded as the father of modern philanthropy. Born poor in Massachusetts, Peabody went into business in dry goods, in 1837, he moved to London, then the capital of world finance, where he became the most noted American banker and helped to establish the young countrys international credit. In his old age, Peabody won worldwide acclaim for his philanthropy and he founded the Peabody Trust in Britain and the Peabody Institute and George Peabody Library in Baltimore, and was responsible for many other charitable initiatives. For his generosity, he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and made a Freeman of the City of London, Peabody was born in 1795 what was then South Danvers, Massachusetts. His family had Puritan ancestors in the state, but were poor, as one of 7 children, George suffered some deprivations during his childhood, and was only able to attend school for a few years. These factors influenced his later devotion to both thrift and philanthropy, in 1816, he moved to Baltimore, where he made his career and would live for the next 20 years. He established his residence and office in the old Henry Fite House, at that time London, Amsterdam, Paris and Frankfurt, were at the center of international banking and finance. Only they held the quantity of reserves of capital necessary to extend credit to a developing economy like that of the US. Over the next decade Peabody made four more trips, establishing a branch office in Liverpool. Later he established the firm of George Peabody & Company in London. In 1837, he took up permanent residence in London, where he lived for the rest of his life, although Peabody was briefly engaged in 1838, he never married. Ron Chernow describes him as homely, with a rumpled face, knobby chin, bulbous nose, side whiskers, and heavy-lidded eyes. At around this time, Peabody began to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, at about the same time, Peabody was also mentioned in newspapers as a future presidential candidate. Peabody described the presidential suggestion as a kind and complimentary reference and he died in London on November 4,1869, aged 74, at the house of his friend Sir Curtis Lampson. At the request of the Dean of Westminster, and with the approval of Queen Victoria and his will provided that he be buried in the town of his birth, Danvers, Massachusetts. He was laid to rest in Harmony Grove Cemetery, in Salem, Massachusetts, Peabodys death and the pair of funerals were international news, through the newly completed trans-Atlantic underwater telegraph cable. Hundreds of people participated in the ceremonies and thousands more attended or observed, branches were opened in New York and Philadelphia in 1822. Riggs retired in 1829, and the firm became Peabody, Riggs & Co. with the names reversed as Peabody became the senior partner, Peabody first visited England in 1827 to purchase wares, and to negotiate the sale of American cotton in Lancashire
24.
David Rockefeller
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David Rockefeller was an American banker who was chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was the oldest living member of the Rockefeller family and family patriarch from August 2004 until his death in March 2017, Rockefeller was a son of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, and a grandson of John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller. He was noted for his political connections and foreign travel. His fortune was estimated at $3.3 billion at the time of his death in 2017, Rockefeller was born in New York City, and grew up in an eight-story house at 10 West 54th Street, the tallest private residence ever built in the city. He was the youngest of six born to financier John Davison Rockefeller Jr. John Jr. was the son of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller Sr. Abby was a daughter of Senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich and Abigail Pearce Truman Abby Chapman, davids five elder siblings were Abby, John III, Nelson, Laurance, and Winthrop. Rockefeller attended the experimental Lincoln School at 123rd Street in Harlem, in 1936, he graduated cum laude from Harvard University. He also studied economics for a year at Harvard and then a year at the London School of Economics, at LSE he first met future President John F. Kennedy and once dated Kennedys sister Kathleen. During his time abroad, Rockefeller briefly worked in the London branch of what was to become the Chase Manhattan Bank, after returning to the U. S. to complete his graduate studies, in 1940 he received a Ph. D. from the University of Chicago. After completing his studies in Chicago, he became secretary to New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia for eighteen months in a dollar a year public service position. Although the mayor pointed out to the press that Rockefeller was only one of 60 interns in the city government, his space was, in fact. From 1941 to 1942, Rockefeller was assistant regional director of the United States Office of Defense, Health and he enlisted in the U. S. Army and entered Officer Candidate School in 1943, he was ultimately promoted to Captain in 1945. During World War II he served in North Africa and France for military intelligence setting up political, for seven months he also served as an assistant military attaché at the American Embassy in Paris. During this period, he would call on family contacts and Standard Oil executives for assistance, in 1946, Rockefeller joined the staff of the longtime family-associated Chase National Bank. The chairman at that time was Rockefellers uncle Winthrop W. Aldrich, the Chase Bank was primarily a wholesale bank, dealing with other prominent financial institutions and major corporate clients such as General Electric. Chase National subsequently became the Chase Manhattan Bank in 1955 and shifted significantly into consumer banking and it is now called JPMorgan Chase. Rockefeller started as an assistant manager in the foreign department, there he financed international trade in a number of commodities, such as coffee, sugar and metals
25.
Walter V. Shipley
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Walter V. Shipley was the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Chase Manhattan Bank and its predecessor Chemical Bank. During his 18-year tenure, Shipley oversaw Chemicals mergers with Texas Commerce Bank in 1987, Manufacturers Hanover in 1991, Shipley attended Williams College but did not graduate. He subsequently obtained a B. S. from New York University in 1961, Shipley started his career in the loan department at New York Trust Company in 1956. New York Trust was acquired by Chemical Bank in 1959, by the late 1970s, he was the head of Chemical Banks international department. He was named vice president in 1979, president in 1981. After Chemical Banks merger with Manufacturers Hanover in 1991, he took a lower executive-level position, however, he was renamed as CEO of Chemical Bank in 1994. From 1996 through 1999, Shipley was CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors at Chase Manhattan, in 1987, Shipley oversaw Chemical Banks purchase of the Texas Commerce Bank in Houston. Initially, Texas Commerce incurred big losses for Chemical Bank due to an economy in Texas. The acquisition was viewed unfavorably by many executives at Chemical Bank, however, Texas Commerce was viewed as a star-jewel for Chemical Bank by the mid-1990s, according to New York Times journalist Michael Quint. Throughout his career, Shipley served on the Board of Directors at several corporations and they include Exxon Mobil, Wyeth, and Verizon. Shipley participated in political campaigns. These include Bill Bradleys run to be Democratic nominee for the United States President in 2000. He was also involved on George W. Bushs run for presidency in 2000 and 2004, Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2012, Shipley was a rumored candidate for Secretary of the Treasury in 2000 but was passed over in favor of Paul H. ONeill. Shipley was the son of noted investment banker Linwood Parks Shipley and he was married to Judith V. Shipley from 1957 until her death in 2014. They had five children including Barbara T. Shipley, Allison P. Shipley, Pamela J. Shipley, as of 2014, he resides in Summit, New Jersey where he lived from his childhood. Shipley was actively involved in philanthropic organizations. He served as trustee at American Museum of Natural History, Lincoln Center and he was head of Goodwills strategic planning committee from 1983 until 2002, when he received Goodwills Volunteer Leader Award. Shipley and his wife Judith V. Shipley were major supporters and donors at the Greater Newark Conservancy, the Greater Newark Conservancy named its Urban Environmental Center after Judith Shipley
26.
Douglas A. Warner III
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Among his many accomplishments, Warner may be best known for spearheading the 2000 sale of J P Morgan & Co. to Chase Manhattan Bank for $30.9 billion. Douglas Alexander Warner III was born on June 9,1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio as the son to Douglas Alexander Warner Jr. He has a brother, Gordon, and a sister, Marjorie, Warner came from money, growing up in the high-toned suburb of Indian Hill in a family with local social standing. For example, Warners father served as a trustee of the Cincinnati Music Hall Association and Art Museum, Warners grandfather ran his own insurance firm and was active in local golfing circles. Grandmother Warner was the daughter of a wealthy Cincinnati entrepreneur named J. Stacey Hill, while a student at The Hill, Warner played junior hockey 1960-61, junior varsity hockey 1961-62, and varsity hockey 1962-64. Warner graduated from there in 1964, the year as Academy Award-winning producer/director Oliver Stone. From The Hill School, Warner applied to Yale University, the school attended by his father. In 1964, Warner entered Yale University at the age of 18 as a pre-med student, at age 18, Warner was of draft age but most likely held a 2-S Selective Service System classification as a student at Yale University. This friendship would prove valuable as President Bush later named Warner as an adviser to President-elect Bushs transition team in 2000. Without a college deferment, Warner most likely would have classified as 1-A. For example, President Bush was classified as 1-A on Bushs graduation from Yale in May 1968 and was accepted into the Texas Air National Guard at the height of the ongoing Vietnam War. With the Vietnam war and Yale medical school choices facing Warner, Warner looked to an option based on advice from his father. Warners father advised Warner to go into business to some breadth. At that time, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company was a wholly owned subsidiary of J. P. Morgan Chase & Co, over the next seven years, Warner rapidly advanced from officers assistant, through assistant treasurer and assistant Vice President, to Vice President in 1975. In 1983, at age 37, Warner was transferred to London, first, Warner was in charge of United Kingdom and Scandinavian banking operations and then became the head of oil and gas lending for the region. In becoming the manager of the London office and Morgans senior executive in the United Kingdom in 1986, Warner received extensive experience in U. S. In 1989, Warner became Managing Director of the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company and elected president, after rising through the ranks in various positions in London and New York City, Warner succeeded Dennis Weatherstone in 1995 as Morgans youngest CEO ever at age 49. From 1995 to 2000, Warner served as chairman and chief executive officer, in 1999, Warner was ranked 14th of the 25 Highest Paid Banking Executives in 1999 with a total compensation for the year of US$9,916,151
27.
Thomas W. Lamont
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Thomas William Lamont, Jr. was an American banker. Lamont was born in Claverack, New York and his parents were Thomas Lamont, a Methodist minister, and Caroline Deuel Jayne. Since his father was a minister, they moved around upstate New York a lot and were not very wealthy and he graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1888, where he was editor of the school newspaper, The Exonian, as well as the school yearbook and literary magazine. At Harvard College, he became first freshman editor of The Harvard Crimson and he graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1892. He met his wife, Florence Haskell Corliss, at the 1890 Harvard commencement and he started working under the city editor for the New York Tribune two days after he graduated from Harvard in 1892. He married Florence on October 31,1895 in Englewood, New Jersey and he was also able to work for the Albany Evening Journal, Boston Advertiser, Boston Herald, and New York Tribune, which only paid $25, while at Harvard. While at the Tribune, he received promotions, including night editor and helping the financial editor. It was an agency that worked for food corporations. The company was in a bad financial status, but Lamont fixed it, and the changed its name to Lamont, Corliss. He was partners with his brother-in-law, Corliss and his banking caught the attention of banker Henry P. Davison, who asked Thomas to join the newly started Bankers’ Trust. He started as secretary and treasurer and then moved up to being Vice President and he rose to the vice presidency of the First National Bank. Starting in the late 1910s, for years, he financed the Saturday Review of Literature. On January 1,1911, he became a partner of J. P. Morgan & Co. following Davison to the company, at that time, he was a member of the Council of Foreign Relations. He played a role for Morgan in directing both the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. The company also started a system where the Allies could buy supplies from them, in 1917, he joined the Liberty Loan Committee, which helped the treasury sell war bonds to Americans. He also served unofficially as an advisor to a mission to the Allies led by Edward M. House, Lamont not only advised the other countries, he also went to them. Right before he was going to go to Europe, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia and he and the head of the American Red Cross, William B. Thompson, along with the approval of the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George, both he and Norman H. Davis were appointed as representatives of the Treasury Department to the Paris Peace Conference and had to determine what Germany had to pay in reparations
28.
Dennis Weatherstone
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Sir Dennis Weatherstone KBE was the former CEO and Chairman of J. P. Morgan & Co. In 1946, at age 16, he was hired as a bookkeeper and was promoted to the foreign exchange trading desk at the Guarantee Trust Company. Weatherstone rose through the ranks, becoming the Chairman in 1980 and he retired from J. P. Morgan in 1994 and was succeeded by Douglas Warner III Sandy. Sir Dennis became a Vice Chairman and director in 1979, Chairman of the Executive Committee a year later, in 1990, he was named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II—the first J. P. Morgan employee to receive the honour. A decade later, the Glass–Steagall Act was repealed, allowing banking companies to any service, whether it be a loan. JPMorgan invented value-at-risk as a tool for measuring exposure to trading losses, sir Dennis served as an independent member of the Board of Banking Supervision of the Bank of England from 1995 through 2001. He was also a member of Merck & Co. General Motors and the NYSE, and a director of Air Liquide, shareholder Report Dennis Weatherstone, Banking Sage, Dies at 77 Remembering Dennis Weatherstone Bloomberg Financial Database
29.
John J. McCloy
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John Jay McCloy, was an American lawyer and banker who served as Assistant Secretary of War during World War II. After the war he served as president of the World Bank, High Commissioner for Germany, chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, and chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations. He later became a prominent United States presidential adviser, served on the Warren Commission, McCloy was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of John J. McCloy and Anna McCloy. His father was an insurance man who died when the son was five. His mother was a hairdresser in Philadelphia, with many high-society clients and his original name was John Snader McCloy. It was later changed to John Jay McCloy, probably to sound more aristocratic, McCloy was educated at the Peddie School in New Jersey, and Amherst College from which he graduated in 1916. He was a student who excelled at tennis and moved smoothly among the sons of the nations elite. McCloy was a brother of Beta Theta Pi Fraternity at Amherst where he was initiated as Roll No.330, McCloy enrolled in Harvard Law School in 1916, and he was an average student. He was profoundly influenced by his experience at the Plattsburg Preparedness camps, when the US entered the war in 1917, he joined the Army in May and was trained at Plattsburg, New York and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Artillery on August 15,1917. He was promoted to first lieutenant on December 29, in May 1918 he was assigned as an aide to Brigadier General G. H. Preston - commander of the 160th Field Artillery Brigade of the 85th Division. He sailed for France for service with the American Expeditionary Force in France on July 29,1918 and he saw combat service in the last weeks of the war, as commander of an artillery battery during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After the armistice of November 1918, he was transferred to General Headquarters of the AEF in Chaumont, Haute-Marne, France and he was then sent to the Advance General Headquarters in Trier, Germany and was promoted to captain on June 29. McCloy returned to the US on July 20 and resigned from the Army on August 15,1919 and he then returned to Harvard where he received his LL. B. degree in 1921. McCloy went to New York to become an associate in the firm of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft and he moved to Cravath, Henderson, & de Gersdorff in 1924, where he worked with many wealthy clients, such as the St. Paul Railroad. In 1934 McCloy found new evidence allowing him to re-open an action for damages against Germany for the destruction caused by the 1916 Black Tom explosion. He did a deal of work for corporations in Nazi Germany and advised the major German chemical combine I. G. Farben. By the time he left for government service in 1940, McCloy earned about $45,000 a year and had savings of $106,000 and his involvement in litigation over a World War I sabotage case gave him a strong interest in intelligence issues and in German affairs. L Once the war started, McCloy was a voice in setting US military priorities
30.
Board of directors
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A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a corporation or organization, which can include a non-profit organization or a government agency. A board of directors activities are determined by the powers, duties and responsibilities conferred on it by an authority outside itself and these matters are typically detailed in regulations or in the organizations constitution and bylaws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the full membership. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are voted for by the shareholders, the board of directors appoints the chief executive officer of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors are often done by the board itself, in a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself. Other names include Board of directors and advisors, board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees and it may also be called the executive board and is often simply referred to as the board. For companies with publicly trading stock, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous, typically, the board chooses one of its members to be the chairman, who holds whatever title is specified in the bylaws or articles of association. However, in organizations, the members elect the president of the organization. The directors of an organization are the persons who are members of its board, several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization. An inside director is a director who is also an employee, officer, chief executive, major shareholder, inside directors represent the interests of the entitys stakeholders, and often have special knowledge of its inner workings, its financial or market position, and so on. Executive directors often have an area of responsibility in the organization, such as finance, marketing, human resources. An outside director is a member of the board who is not otherwise employed by or engaged with the organization, a typical example is a director who is president of a firm in a different industry. Outside directors are not employees of the company or affiliated with it in any other way, outside directors bring outside experience and perspectives to the board. One of the arguments for having outside directors is that they can keep a eye on the inside directors. Outside directors are unlikely to tolerate insider dealing between insider directors, as outside directors do not benefit from the company or organization, outside directors are often useful in handling disputes between inside directors, or between shareholders and the board. They are thought to be advantageous because they can be objective, director - a person appointed to serve on the board of an organization, such as an institution or business. This practice results in an interlocking directorate, where a small number of individuals have significant influence over a large number of important entities
31.
James A. Bell
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Bell is a retired American executive of The Boeing Company. Bell is a retired President, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Boeing Company and he served as interim President and Chief Executive Officer of the Boeing Company on March,2005, following the resignation of Harry Stonecipher. He returned to his role as Boeings CFO on June 30,2005 following the appointment of Jim McNerney as the new President, Chairman. He was appointed Corporate President in June 2008, on June 14,1948, Bell was born in Los Angeles, California. Bell was the youngest of four children, bells mother Mamie was a former Los Angeles County government clerk. In 1997, Bell earned his bachelors degree in Accounting from California State University, a partial scholarship helped pay for his first year of college, but he had to earn enough to pay his way through the remainder of school. In 1972 he joined the Rockwell company as an accountant, at that company he followed a path into management, from corporate senior internal auditor to accounting manager and finally as manager of general and cost accounting. He joined Boeing in 1996 when Rockwells aerospace and defense units were acquired, within Boeing he has held positions as vice president of contracts and pricing for the companys space and communications division. He later became vice president of finance and corporate controller. In November,2004 he became the companys Chief Financial Officer, Bell retired from the Boeing Company effective April 1,2012. On Feb 1,2012, Greg Smith succeeded Bell as executive vice president, in 2004, at the 32nd Alumni Awards Gala, Bell was the recipient of California State University, Los Angeless Distinguished Alumnus or Alumna of the College of Business and Economics. Bell has two children, Champagne and Sean, W. James McNerney, Jr. executive biography
32.
Lee Raymond
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Lee R. Raymond is an American businessman, and the chief executive officer and chairman of ExxonMobil from 1999 to 2005. He had previously been the CEO of Exxon since 1993 and he joined the company in 1963 and has been president since 1987, and a director since 1984. Lee Raymond was born in Watertown, South Dakota on August 13,1938 and he graduated from Watertown High School in 1956. Raymond received a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1960. Raymond went on to earn his PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Minnesota and he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the same university in 2001. Raymond met his wife, Charlene née Hocevar, while studying at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, she was pursuing, Raymond began working for ExxonMobil in 1963. Raymond became a director of ExxonMobil in 1984 and in 1987 he became the President of the company, in 1993, he became CEO, a post he held until 2005. On August 14,2005, Raymond announced that he would retire at the end of 2005 as ExxonMobils Chairman, ExxonMobil president Rex W. Tillerson succeeded Raymond on 1 January 2006. On April 14,2006, it was reported that Raymonds retirement package was worth about $400 million, Raymond was also chair of the National Petroleum Council, when it was asked to produce a report on the future of oil supply and demand. Raymond was one of the most outspoken executives in the United States against regulation to curtail global warming, lee Raymond was at the helm of Exxon while it remained one of the last large companies to omit gay employees in its anti-discrimination policy. He was also at the helm during the takeover of Mobil, Raymond was also one of the few Fortune 500 CEOs to publicly speak against the Kyoto Protocol. He questioned the science behind global warming, and warned that regulations would be ineffective and his son, John T. Raymond, is active in the oil and gas industry. John partnered with the Jim Flores and Paul Allen-backed Vulcan Capital in the buyout of Plains Resources
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