1.
Lacrosse
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Lacrosse is a contact team sport played between two teams using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse or lacrosse stick. The mens version is considered as a sport, with slashes and intense checks to the stick. The head of the stick is strung with loose mesh designed to catch. There are many different ways to put mesh on the head of the stick, also known as stringing the stick. Offensively, the objective of the game is to score by shooting the ball into a goal past the goalie, using the lacrosse stick to catch, cradle. Defensively, the objective is to keep the team from scoring and to gain the ball through the use of stick checking. The sport has four types, mens field lacrosse, womens lacrosse. The sport consists of four positions, midfield, attack, defense, long stick middies only play defense and come off of the field on offense. As a result of its origins, it is traditionally a Northeastern US, or east coast sport, but in recent years has grown into the South, Midwest. Lacrosse may have developed as early as 1100 AD among indigenous peoples on the North American continent. By the seventeenth century, it was well-established and it was documented by Jesuit missionary priests in the territory of present-day Canada. The game has many modifications since that time. In the traditional aboriginal Canadian version, each consisted of about 100 to 1,000 men on a field that stretched from about 500 m to 3 km long. These games lasted from sunup to sundown for two to three days straight and these games were played as part of ceremonial ritual, a kind of symbolic warfare, to give thanks to the Creator or Master. Lacrosse played a significant role in the community and religious life of tribes across the continent for many years, early lacrosse was characterized by deep spiritual involvement, befitting the spirit of combat in which it was undertaken. Those who took part did so in the role of warriors, with the goal of bringing glory and honor to themselves, the game was said to be played for the Creator or was referred to as The Creators Game. The French Jesuit missionary Jean de Brébeuf saw Iroquois tribesmen play the game during 1637 in present-day New York and he was one of the first Europeans to write about the game. The name seems to be originated from the French term for field hockey, a crosse in French is any stick curved at its end In 1855, William George Beers, a Canadian dentist, founded the Montreal Lacrosse Club
2.
Princeton University
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Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, then to the current site nine years later, Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States. The university has graduated many notable alumni, two U. S. Presidents,12 U. S. Supreme Court Justices, and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princetons alumni body. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers, the college was the educational and religious capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governors interest, gov. Jonathan Belcher replied, What a name that would be. In 1756, the moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England, following the untimely deaths of Princetons first five presidents, John Witherspoon became president in 1768 and remained in that office until his death in 1794. During his presidency, Witherspoon shifted the focus from training ministers to preparing a new generation for leadership in the new American nation. To this end, he tightened academic standards and solicited investment in the college, in 1812, the eighth president the College of New Jersey, Ashbel Green, helped establish the Princeton Theological Seminary next door. The plan to extend the theological curriculum met with approval on the part of the authorities at the College of New Jersey. Today, Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary maintain separate institutions with ties that include such as cross-registration. Before the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, Nassau Hall was the sole building. The cornerstone of the building was laid on September 17,1754, during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the countrys capital for four months. The class of 1879 donated twin lion sculptures that flanked the entrance until 1911, Nassau Halls bell rang after the halls construction, however, the fire of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted again in the fire of 1855, James McCosh took office as the colleges president in 1868 and lifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought about by the American Civil War. McCosh Hall is named in his honor, in 1879, the first thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. was submitted by James F. Williamson, Class of 1877. In 1896, the officially changed its name from the College of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resides
3.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake
4.
Ivy League
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The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, the term Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. While the term was in use as early as 1933, it became official after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954. Seven of the eight schools were founded during the United States colonial period, Ivy League institutions account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution, the other two are Rutgers University and College of William & Mary. Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious, all eight universities place in the top fifteen of the U. S. News & World Report 2017 nation university rankings, including the top four schools and five of the top eight. Undergraduate enrollments range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a private liberal arts college. Total enrollments, including students, range from approximately 6,400 at Dartmouth to over 20,000 at Columbia, Cornell, Harvard. Ivy League financial endowments range from Browns $3 billion to Harvards $36.4 billion, as of 2014, Harvard University has an endowment of $36.4 billion. Additionally, each university receives millions of dollars in grants and other subsidies from federal. Harvard University uses the date that the legislature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony formally allocated funds for the creation of a college, Harvard was chartered in 1650, although classes had been conducted for approximately a decade by then. The University of Pennsylvania initially considered its founding date to be 1750, later in Penns early history, the university changed its officially recognized founding date to 1749, which was used for all of the nineteenth century, including a centennial celebration in 1849. In 1899, Penns board of trustees adopted a third founding date of 1740. Penn was chartered in 1755, the same year classes began. Religious affiliation refers to financial sponsorship, formal association with, and promotion by, all of the schools in the Ivy League are private and not currently associated with any religion. Students have long revered the ivied walls of older colleges, planting the ivy was a customary class day ceremony at many colleges in the 1800s. In 1893 an alumnus told The Harvard Crimson, In 1850, the custom of planting the ivy, while the ivy oration was delivered, arose about this time. At Penn, graduating seniors started the custom of planting ivy at a university building each spring in 1873, Ivy planting ceremonies are reported for Yale, Simmons, Bryn Mawr and many others
5.
Hofstra University
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Hofstra University is a private, non-profit, nonsectarian university in the United States. Its main campus is on Long Island in the village of Hempstead, New York, the extension had been proposed by a Hempstead resident, Truesdel Peck Calkins, who had been superintendent of schools for Hempstead. In her will, Kate Mason provided the bulk of their property and estate to be used for a charitable, scientific or humanitarian purpose, two friends, Howard Brower and James Barnard, were asked to decide what to do with the estate. Calkins approached the administration at New York University, and they expressed interest, the college was founded as a coeducational, commuter institution with day and evening classes. The first day of classes was September 23,1935, the tuition fee for the year was $375. The college obtained provisional charter status, and its name was changed to Hofstra College on January 16,1937. Hofstra College separated from New York University in 1939 and was granted a charter on February 16,1940. Hofstra’s original logo was a created by Professor of Art Constant van de Wall in 1937. The insignia was derived from the seal of the reigning house of the Netherlands. Used with the permission of the monarch of the Netherlands, the seal included the Dutch national motto Je Maintiendrai. In 1939, Hofstra celebrated its first four-year commencement, graduating a class of 83 students, the first graduates had strong feelings for the new institution. When they were allowed to choose whether they would receive degrees from New York University or Hofstra, academic recognition of Hofstra was affirmed when the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools accepted Hofstra for membership on November 22,1940. Early in 1941 the college was elected to membership in the American Association of Colleges, in 1950 Calkins Gymnasium was the site of the first Shakespeare Festival. It was performed on a replica of the Globe Theatre. With the approval of the New York State Board of Regents and this later became federal law, and Hofstra was subsequently recognized as a pioneer. Other forward-thinking programs and events followed, including the New Opportunities at Hofstra program, NOAH is Hofstra’s Arthur O. Eve Higher Education Opportunity Program. In 1963, Mitchel Air Force Base was closed by the military, the university asked for part of the area to be used for educational purposes, and was subsequently granted 110 acres. Remnants of the runways from the Air Force base are now parking lots for Hofstras North Campus
6.
USA Today
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USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
7.
Philadelphia Big 5
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The Big 5 is an informal association of college athletic programs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is not a conference, but rather a group of NCAA Division I basketball schools who compete for the Philadelphia city championship, the Big 5 consists of the University of Pennsylvania, La Salle University, Saint Josephs University, Temple University, and Villanova University. All five schools are located in the Philadelphia area, Saint Josephs campus straddles the citys border, and Villanova is in a nearby Main Line campus. Big 5 schools represent some of the oldest and most successful basketball programs in the nation. Four of the five teams are in the top 40 for all-time Division I basketball victories, the Big 5 creed reads, They say theres no trophy for winning the Big Five. They must not be from Philadelphia, the Big 5 was formed in 1955 a year after La Salle won the 1954 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. The group showcased Philadelphias basketball talent and helped pay for the upkeep on the Palestra, games were scheduled as double or triple-headers. All schools agreed to split ticket and concessions revenues equally once Penn was paid for upkeep costs on the Palestra, the arrangement promoted already intense inter-city collegiate basketball rivalries. During the heyday of the Big 5, many college programs. The round-robin series ended in 1991, in 1999, the Big 5 round-robin series was revived and has continued to this day. There are intense rivalries inside the Big 5, most notably the rivalry between Villanova and Saint Josephs, also known as the Holy War, the St. Bryants arm was fractured. La Salle considers Saint Josephs to be its biggest rival, as of 2016, at least one team from the Big 5 had made it into the NCAA Tournament for 39 straight years. La Salle and Villanova are the only Big 5 teams to have won the tournament. Each year the Herb Good Basketball Club selects All-Big 5 teams, as well as a coach of the year, some have suggested adding Drexel to the Big 5. These talks amplified during the 2006–07 season, as Drexel beat three of the four Big 5 teams it played, but no changes have been made, Drexel is a member of the City 6, which is an intra-city intramural competition between the six schools. All Big 5 mens basketball teams play each other once per season for a total of four games per team, there is no season-ending Big 5 Tournament, so a champion of the unofficial athletics group is determined by a round-robin tournament. Since 1956 there have been three instances of a tie among all member schools, which occurred in 1980–81, 1991–92. Although known primarily of an association of Philadelphia sports teams, students from the Big 5 also coordinate frequent student government meetings, the governments consist of La Salle, the University of Pennsylvania, Temple, Saint Josephs, and Drexel University instead of Villanova
8.
College lacrosse
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College lacrosse refers to lacrosse played by student athletes at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. In both countries, mens lacrosse and womens lacrosse are played in both the varsity and club levels. Schools that feature a NCAA Division I athletic program typically play in Division 1, the MCLA is structured to give the high number of lacrosse players playing at the high school level, an outlet to play competitive collegiate lacrosse regardless of their location. High caliber programs competing in the MCLA often operate as virtual varsity teams, the MCLA currently holds its national championship tournament at Dicks Sporting Goods Park located in the Denver suburb of Commerce City, Colorado. This tournament is a 16-team tournament for both Division I and Division II programs and features a live broadcast of semi-final and championship contests. In 2011–12, there were another 127 schools with mens club teams in the National College Lacrosse League, again, as of 2011–12, there were also 266 collegiate club teams for women organized by the Womens Collegiate Lacrosse Associates. The first intercollegiate game in the United States was played on November 22,1877 between New York University and Manhattan College, Lacrosse had been introduced in upstate New York in the 1860s. Lacrosse was further introduced to the Baltimore area in the 1890s and these two areas continue to be hotbeds of college lacrosse in the U. S. An organizing body for the sport, the U. S, National Amateur Lacrosse Association, was founded in 1879. The first intercollegiate lacrosse tournament was held in 1881, with Harvard beating Princeton, 3–0, New York University and Columbia University also participated. In 1882 three colleges formed a league called the Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association, which four other colleges soon joined, from this point through 1931, collegiate lacrosse associations chose an annual champion based on season records. In 1894, the Inter-University Lacrosse League began play using different rules. The two leagues merged in December,1905, to form the 8-team United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse League, the USILL was a closed-membership league, which excluded several lacrosse powers, such as the U. S. Naval Academy. The national championship was officially bestowed only upon teams that were included in the membership of these organizations, in 1912, the USILL established Northern and Southern Divisions and began conducting a post-season playoff. Harvard defeated Swarthmore, 7–3, in the first formal playoff, as Navy was not a member of the USILL, its teams were not eligible for the championship, even though Navy had the best collegiate record in many of those years. Navy was undefeated from 1917 through 1923, a stretch of 40 games with one tie, the USILL was replaced by the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association in March,1926, as an open-membership governing body. Six more teams became new USILA members, in addition to the former USILL teams, the USILA bestowed gold medals upon the teams that it selected as national champions through the 1931 season. No official champions were named from 1932 through 1935, in 1936, an award was established in the memory of a Baltimore sportswriter to recognize annually the most outstanding teams
9.
The Cornell Daily Sun
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The Cornell Daily Sun is an independent daily newspaper published in Ithaca, New York by students at Cornell University and hired employees. The Sun features coverage of the university and its environs as well as stories from the Associated Press and it prints on weekdays when the university is open for academic instruction as a tabloid-sized daily. In addition to regular issues, The Sun publishes a graduation issue and a freshman issue. The paper is free on campus and online, the Sun is staffed entirely by Cornell students, aside from a few full-time production and business positions, and is fully independent of the university. It operates out of its own building in downtown Ithaca, the Sun is currently the number one college newspaper in the United States, according to The Princeton Review. The Cornell Sun was founded in 1880 by William Ballard Hoyt to challenge Cornells original and leading publication, the Sun boasted in its opening paragraph, We have no indulgence to ask, no favors to beg. The paper incorporated and changed to frequency, earning its longstanding boast Ithacas Only Morning Newspaper. In 1912 it added a second, first collegiate member of the Associated Press, throughout its history, the publication has faced competition from The Cornell Review and the Ithaca Journal in the market for Cornell news and analysis. Common features include Cornells 161 Faces, which highlights a diverse group of Cornell students and this period also marked a shift in The Suns content from national to local and university-related stories. In January 2003, the Cornell Daily Sun Alumni Association purchased the former Elks Lodge in downtown Ithaca, erected 1916. Led by Stanley Chess, the president of the Association, John Schroeder 74, and Gary L. Rubin 72. Now called the Cornell Daily Sun Building, it has housed the papers offices since June 2003 and is located next door to the Ithaca Journals offices. In the fall semester of 2004, The Sun turned free and started featuring full-color front, on September 17,2005, more than 370 Sun alumni and guests gathered in Manhattan to celebrate The Suns 125th anniversary. Speakers included Kurt Vonnegut 43, Carl Leubsdorf 59, Sam Roberts 68, Jay Branegan 73, S. Miller Harris 44, the emcee was Stan Chess 69. A 130th anniversary dinner was held on September 25,2010, the Cornell Daily Sun Alumni Association, comprising former editors, managers and staff of the Cornell Daily Sun, exists to further journalism by Cornell University students. Gannett – media mogul and founder of the Gannett Company, Inc. S
