1.
Provinces of Ireland
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Ireland has historically been divided into four provinces, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. The provinces of Ireland serve no administrative or political purposes, a king of over-kings, a rí ruirech was often a provincial or semi-provincial king to whom several ruiri were subordinate. Entities belonging to the 1st and 2nd millennia are listed and these do not all belong to the same periods. Over the centuries, the number of provincial kings varied between three and six, no more than six genuine rí ruirech were ever contemporary, with the average being three or four. Also, following the Norman invasion, the situation became more condensed and complicated than previously. The Norman invasion began in 1169, and the Normans went on to occupy Ireland until 1541, in the early Irish annals these five ancient political divisions were referred to as cúigí such as the fifth of Munster, the fifth of Ulster and so on. Later record-makers dubbed them provinces, in imitation of the Roman imperial provinciae, in modern times they have become associated with groups of counties, although they have no legal status. The provinces were supplanted by the present system of counties after the Norman invasion, during the Tudor conquest, and for about a century after, provincial Presidencies existed in Connacht and Munster, serving a primarily military role. Six of the nine Ulster counties form modern-day Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is sometimes called a province of the United Kingdom. These two inconsistent usages of the province can cause confusion. This dinnseanchas poem named Ard Ruide poetically describes the kingdoms of Ireland, Munster in the south is the kingdom of music and the arts, of harpers, of skilled ficheall players and of skilled horsemen. The fairs of Munster were the greatest in all Ireland, the last kingdom, Meath, is the kingdom of Kingship, of stewardship, of bounty in government, in Meath lies the Hill of Tara, the traditional seat of the High King of Ireland. The ancient earthwork of Tara is called Rath na Ríthe
2.
Munster
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Munster is one of the provinces of Ireland situated in the south of Ireland. In early Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a king of over-kings Irish, following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties, Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State, geographically, Munster covers a total area of 24,675 km2 and has a population of 1,246,088 with the most populated city being Cork. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford, in the early centuries AD, Munster was the domain of the Iverni peoples and the Clanna Dedad familial line, led by Cú Roí and to whom the king Conaire Mór also belonged. In the 5th century, Saint Patrick spent several years in the area and founded Christian churches, during the Early Middle Ages, most of the area was part of the Kingdom of Munster, ruled by the Eóganachta dynasty. Prior to this, the area was ruled by the Dáirine and Corcu Loígde overlords from the early 7th century onwards, later rulers from the Eóganachta who would dominate a greater part of Ireland were Cathal mac Finguine and Feidlimid mac Cremthanin. Notable regional kingdoms and lordships of Early Medieval Munster were Iarmuman, Osraige, Uí Liatháin, Uí Fidgenti, Éile, Múscraige, Ciarraige Luachra, Corcu Duibne, Corcu Baiscinn, around this period Ossory broke away from Munster. The 10th century saw the rise of the Dalcassian clan, who had earlier annexed Thomond and their leaders were the ancestors of the OBrien dynasty and spawned Brian Boru, perhaps the most noted High King of Ireland, and several of whose descendants were also High Kings. By 1118 Munster had fractured into the Kingdom of Thomond under the OBriens, the Kingdom of Desmond under the MacCarthy dynasty, the three crowns of the flag of Munster represent these three late kingdoms. The OBrien of Thomond and MacCarthy of Desmond surrendered and regranted sovereignty to the Tudors in 1543 and 1565, the impactful Desmond Rebellions, led by the FitzGeralds, soon followed. By the mid-19th century much of the area was hit hard in the Great Famine, the province was affected by events in the Irish War of Independence in the early 20th century, and there was a brief Munster Republic during the Irish Civil War. The Irish leaders Michael Collins and earlier Daniel OConnell came from families of the old Gaelic Munster gentry, noted for its traditions in Irish folk music, and with many ancient castles and monasteries in the province, Munster is a tourist destination. During the fifth century, St. Patrick spent seven years founding churches and ordaining priests in Munster, but a fifth century bishop named Ailbe is the patron saint of Munster. In Irish mythology, a number of goddesses are associated with the province including Anann, Áine, Grian, Clíodhna, Aimend, Mór Muman, Bébinn, Aibell. Each is historically associated with certain septs of the nobility, the druid-god of Munster is Mug Ruith. The province has long had trading and cultural links with continental Europe, the tribe of Corcu Loígde had a trading fleet active along the French Atlantic coast, as far south as Gascony, importing wine to Munster. The Eóganachta had ecclesiastical ties with Germany, which show in the architecture of their capital at the Rock of Cashel
3.
South (European Parliament constituency)
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South is a constituency of the European Parliament in Ireland. It elects 4 Members of the European Parliament using the single transferable vote form of proportional representation, the constituency was created in 2004 as a successor to the Munster constituency, with County Clare being moved to the North-West constituency. It comprised the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford, and the cities of Cork, Limerick and Waterford. For the 2014 European Parliament election, the constituency was increased in size by the addition of counties Carlow, Clare, Kilkenny, Wexford and Wicklow, and the number of seats was increased to 4. Note, The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, for details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election. European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland South MEPs – European Parliament Office in Ireland
4.
Waterford
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Waterford is a city in Ireland. It is in the South-East Region, Ireland and is part of the province of Munster, the city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour. It is the oldest and the fifth most populous city in the Republic of Ireland and it is the eighth most populous city on the island of Ireland. Waterford City and County Council is the government authority for the city. Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal, a legacy of the citys former glass-making industry, according to the 2011 Census,65,928 people live in the Waterford Metropolitan District, however this figure does not include its suburbs in County Kilkenny and County Wexford. There are over 80,000 people within a 15 km radius of the city centre, with a population of 51,519, Waterford is the fifth most populous city in the State and the 32nd most populous area of local government. Following the Local Government Reform Act 2014, Waterford City and County Council is the government authority for the city. The authority came into operation on 1 June 2014, prior to this the city had its own local council, Waterford City Council. The new Council is the result of a merger of Waterford City Council, the Council has 32 representatives who are elected from five electoral areas. The city itself forms three of the electoral areas – which when combined form the Metropolitan District of Waterford –, residents in these areas are restricted to voting for candidates located in their ward for local elections. The office of the Mayor of Waterford was established in 1377, a mayor is then elected by the councillors from the two electoral areas of the Metropolitan District of Waterford every year, and there is no limit to the number of terms an individual may serve. Mary OHalloran who was mayor during 2007–2008 was the first woman to hold the post, the current mayor is Adam Wyse. The constituency elects four deputies to Dáil Éireann, there are no such ward restrictions for these elections and voters are entitled to vote for any candidate throughout the city and county. The name Waterford comes from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr, meaning ram fjord, the Irish name is Port Láirge, meaning Lárags port. Viking raiders first established a settlement near Waterford in 853 and it and all the other longphorts were vacated in 902, the Vikings having been driven out by the native Irish. Among the most prominent rulers of Waterford was Ivar of Waterford, in 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster, failed in an attempt to take Waterford. He returned in 1170 with Cambro-Norman mercenaries under Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, together they besieged, in furtherance of the Norman invasion of Ireland, King Henry II of England landed at Waterford in 1171. Waterford and then Dublin were declared cities, with Dublin also declared capital of Ireland
5.
Waterford City and County Council
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Waterford City and County Council is the authority responsible for local government in the City of Waterford and County Waterford in Ireland. It came into operation on 1 June 2014 after the 2014 local elections and it is a merger of Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council under the provisions of the Local Government Reform Act 2014. The city and county administration is headed by a Chief Executive, the administrative centres are Waterford and Dungarvan. For the purpose of elections the city and county is divided into three Municipal Districts and five electoral areas. † A district associated with a city or borough is termed a metropolitan district or borough district respectively and this list reflects the order in which councillors were elected on 23 May 2014
6.
Irish language
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Irish, also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is spoken as a first language by a minority of Irish people. Irish enjoys constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland and it is also among the official languages of the European Union. The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island of Ireland and it has the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe. The fate of the language was influenced by the power of the English state in Ireland. Elizabethan officials viewed the use of Irish unfavourably, as being a threat to all things English in Ireland and its decline began under English rule in the 17th century. In the latter part of the 19th century, there was a decrease in the number of speakers. Irish-speaking areas were hit especially hard, by the end of British rule, the language was spoken by less than 15% of the national population. Since then, Irish speakers have been in the minority, efforts have been made by the state, individuals and organisations to preserve, promote and revive the language, but with mixed results. Around the turn of the 21st century, estimates of native speakers ranged from 20,000 to 80,000 people. In the 2011 Census, these numbers had increased to 94,000 and 1.3 million, there are several thousand Irish speakers in Northern Ireland. It has been estimated that the active Irish-language scene probably comprises 5 to 10 per cent of Irelands population, there has been a significant increase in the number of urban Irish speakers, particularly in Dublin. In Gaeltacht areas, however, there has been a decline of the use of Irish. Údarás na Gaeltachta predicted that, by 2025, Irish will no longer be the language in any of the designated Gaeltacht areas. Survey data suggest that most Irish people think highly of Irish as a marker of identity. It has also argued that newer urban groups of Irish speakers are a disruptive force in this respect. In An Caighdeán Oifigiúil the name of the language is Gaeilge, before the spelling reform of 1948, this form was spelled Gaedhilge, originally this was the genitive of Gaedhealg, the form used in Classical Irish. Older spellings of this include Gaoidhealg in Classical Irish and Goídelc in Old Irish, the modern spelling results from the deletion of the silent dh in the middle of Gaedhilge, whereas Goidelic languages, used to refer to the language family including Irish, comes from Old Irish
7.
Old Norse
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Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century, Old Norse was divided into three dialects, Old West Norse, Old East Norse and Old Gutnish. Old West and East Norse formed a continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them. For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway, although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, most speakers spoke Old East Norse in what is present day Denmark and Sweden. Old Gutnish, the more obscure dialectal branch, is included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It developed its own features and shared in changes to both other branches. The 12th century Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, another term used, used especially commonly with reference to West Norse, was norrœnt mál. In some instances the term Old Norse refers specifically to Old West Norse, the Old East Norse dialect was spoken in Denmark, Sweden, settlements in Kievan Rus, eastern England, and Danish settlements in Normandy. The Old Gutnish dialect was spoken in Gotland and in settlements in the East. In the 11th century, Old Norse was the most widely spoken European language, in Kievan Rus, it survived the longest in Veliky Novgorod, probably lasting into the 13th century there. Norwegian is descended from Old West Norse, but over the centuries it has heavily influenced by East Norse. Old Norse also had an influence on English dialects and Lowland Scots and it also influenced the development of the Norman language, and through it and to a smaller extent, that of modern French. Various other languages, which are not closely related, have heavily influenced by Norse, particularly the Norman dialects, Scottish Gaelic. The current Finnish and Estonian words for Sweden are Ruotsi and Rootsi, of the modern languages, Icelandic is the closest to Old Norse. Written modern Icelandic derives from the Old Norse phonemic writing system, contemporary Icelandic-speakers can read Old Norse, which varies slightly in spelling as well as semantics and word order. However, pronunciation, particularly of the phonemes, has changed at least as much as in the other North Germanic languages. Faroese retains many similarities but is influenced by Danish, Norwegian, although Swedish, Danish and the Norwegian languages have diverged the most, they still retain asymmetric mutual intelligibility. Speakers of modern Swedish, Norwegian and Danish can mostly understand each other without studying their neighboring languages, the languages are also sufficiently similar in writing that they can mostly be understood across borders
8.
Counties of Ireland
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The counties of Ireland are sub-national divisions that have been, and in some cases continue to be, used to geographically demarcate areas of local government. These land divisions were formed following the Norman invasion of Ireland in imitation of the then in use as units of local government in the Kingdom of England. The older term shire was historically equivalent to county, the principal function of the county was to impose royal control in the areas of taxation, security and the administration of justice at the local level. Cambro-Norman control was limited to the southeastern parts of Ireland. The powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control came to be established at a county level. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been resulting in the creation of new counties. Along with certain defined cities, counties form the basis for the demarcation of areas of local government in the Republic of Ireland. Currently, there are 26 county level,3 city level and 2 city and county entities – the modern equivalent of counties corporate – that are used to demarcate areas of government in the Republic. In Northern Ireland, counties are no longer used for local government, upon the partition of Ireland in 1921, the county became one of the basic land divisions employed, along with county boroughs. The word county has come to be used in different senses for different purposes, in common usage, many people have in mind the 32 counties that existed prior to 1838 – the so-called traditional counties. However, in usage in the Republic of Ireland, the term often refers to the 28 modern counties. The term is also conflated with the 31 areas currently used to demarcate areas of government in the Republic of Ireland at the level of LAU1. In Ireland, usage of the county nearly always comes before rather than after the county name, thus County Roscommon in Ireland as opposed to Roscommon County in Michigan. The former Kings County and Queens County were exceptions, these are now County Offaly and County Laois, the abbreviation Co. is used, as in Co. There appears to be no official guidance in the matter, as even the local council uses all three forms, the synonym shire is not used for Irish counties, although the Marquessate of Downshire was named in 1789 after County Down. Parts of some towns and cities were exempt from the jurisdiction of the counties that surrounded them and these towns and cities had the status of a County corporate, many granted by Royal Charter, which had all the judicial, administrative and revenue raising powers of the regular counties. The political geography of Ireland can be traced with accuracy from the 6th century. At that time Ireland was divided into a patchwork of petty kingdoms with a political hierarchy which
9.
Republic of Ireland
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Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the part of the island. The state shares its land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint Georges Channel to the south-east, and it is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The head of government is the Taoiseach, who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, the state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It was officially declared a republic in 1949, following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955. It joined the European Economic Community, the predecessor of the European Union, after joining the EEC, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth. The country achieved considerable prosperity between the years of 1995 and 2007, which known as the Celtic Tiger period. This was halted by a financial crisis that began in 2008. However, as the Irish economy was the fastest growing in the EU in 2015, Ireland is again quickly ascending league tables comparing wealth and prosperity internationally. For example, in 2015, Ireland was ranked as the joint sixth most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index and it also performs well in several national performance metrics, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. Ireland is a member of the European Union and is a member of the Council of Europe. The 1922 state, comprising 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland, was styled, the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, provides that the name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland. Section 2 of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 states, It is hereby declared that the description of the State shall be the Republic of Ireland. The 1948 Act does not name the state as Republic of Ireland, because to have done so would have put it in conflict with the Constitution. The government of the United Kingdom used the name Eire, and, from 1949, Republic of Ireland, for the state, as well as Ireland, Éire or the Republic of Ireland, the state is also referred to as the Republic, Southern Ireland or the South. In an Irish republican context it is referred to as the Free State or the 26 Counties. From the Act of Union on 1 January 1801, until 6 December 1922, during the Great Famine, from 1845 to 1849, the islands population of over 8 million fell by 30%
10.
Gaeltacht
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Gaeltacht is an Irish-language word used to denote any primarily Irish-speaking region. The boundaries of the Gaeltacht have included a percentage of resident English-speakers since British colonisation. It is now recognised that the Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline, research published in 2015 showed that of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht, only 21 are communities where Irish is spoken on a daily basis by 67% or more of the population. 67% is regarded by some academics as a point for language survival. In 1926 the official Gaeltacht came into being after the report of the first Gaeltacht Commission Coimisiún na Gaeltachta, the exact boundaries were not defined. The quota at the time was 25%+ Irish-speaking, although in many cases Gaeltacht status was accorded to areas that were weaker than this. The Irish Free State recognised that there were Irish-speaking or semi-Irish-speaking districts in 15 of its 26 counties, in the 1950s another Gaeltacht Commission concluded that the Gaeltacht boundaries were ill-defined. It recommended that the Gaeltacht status admittance of an area be based solely on the strength of the language there, the Gaeltacht districts were initially defined precisely in the 1950s, excluding many areas which had witnessed a decline in the language. This left Gaeltacht areas in seven of the states 26 counties and this would threaten the future of the Gaeltacht. Parents felt that the educational system cancelled their efforts to pass on Irish as a language to their children. The study added that a significant number of Gaeltacht schools had switched to teaching through English, in 2002 the third Coimisiún na Gaeltachta stated in its report that the erosion of Irish in the Gaeltacht was now such that it was only a matter of time before the Gaeltacht disappeared. In some areas Irish had already ceased to be a community language, even in the strongest Gaeltacht areas, current patterns of bilingualism were leading to the dominance of English. Policies implemented by the State and voluntary groups were having no effect, a new language reinforcement strategy was required, one that had the confidence of the community itself. The Commission recommended, among other things, that the boundaries of the official Gaeltacht should be redrawn. It also recommended a comprehensive study to assess the vitality of the Irish language in the remaining Gaeltacht districts. The study was undertaken by Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge, and on 1 November 2007 Staidéar Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht appeared, in response to this situation, the government introduced the Gaeltacht Bill 2012. Its stated aim was to provide for a new definition of based on language criteria. This status could only be revoked if the area failed to prepare a language plan, the Bill was also criticised for placing all responsibility for the maintenance of Irish on voluntary organisations, with no increase in resources
11.
Local government in the Republic of Ireland
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In Ireland, local government functions are mostly exercised by thirty-one local authorities, termed County, City or City and County Councils. The principal decision-making body in each of the local authorities is composed of the members of the council. Irish Local Authorities are the closest and most accessible form of Government to people in their local community, many of the authorities statutory functions are, however, the responsibility of ministerially appointed career officials termed Chief executives. The competencies of the city and county councils include planning, transport infrastructure, sanitary services, public safety, Local government in the state is governed by Local Government Acts, the most recent of which – the Local Government Act 2001 – established this two-tier structure. The Local Government Act 1898 is the document of the present system. The Twentieth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland provided for constitutional recognition of local government for the first time in Ireland. The Local Government Reform Act 2014 changed the structure, in line with reforms announced in October 2012 by the Minister for the Environment, Community. These included the abolition of all councils and the merger of some county councils. The reforms came into effect in 2014, to coincide with that years local elections, the county was a unit of judicial and administrative government introduced to Ireland following the Norman invasion. The country was shired in a number of phases with County Wicklow being the last to be shired in 1625, the traditional county of Tipperary was split into two judicial counties following the establishment of assize courts in 1838. Sixty years later, a radical reorganisation of local government took place with the passage of the Local Government Act. This Act established a county council for each of the thirty-three Irish counties, to this number may be added the county boroughs. The five county boroughs of Dublin, Cork, Galway, Waterford, the remaining county boroughs in place at the foundation of the state were downgraded by the 2001 Act to town council status. From 1 January 2002 the existing Urban District Councils and boards of Town Commissioners were renamed as Town Councils, additionally, the city of Kilkenny, along with the four towns of were reduced in status to the level of Town Council. In recognition of the history, the towns were permitted to use the title of Borough Council instead of Town Council. There were 75 other town councils in addition to these five borough councils, the distinction between urban district and towns with town commissioners had been abolished. At various times in the past, other entities at a level below that of the county or county borough have been employed in Ireland for various judicial, administrative and revenue collecting purposes. Some of these, such as the barony and Grand jury, others, such as the Poor Law Unions, have been transformed into entities still in use by the modern state, but again, their original functions have been substantially altered
12.
Knockmealdown Mountains
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The Knockmealdown Mountains is a mountain range located on the border of counties Tipperary and Waterford in Ireland, running east and west between the two counties. The highest peak of the range is Knockmealdown, situated in County Waterford, on the western side of the summit, the range is crossed by a high pass through which runs the old mail coach road from Lismore to Clogheen. Knockmealdown has two interpretations of the Irish origins of its name, either Cnoc Mhaoldomhnaigh, Muldowneys Hill or Cnoc Maol Donn and this mountain range was celebrated in the folk song, Kitty Bawn OBrien by Allister MacGillvary of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The song is a lament for a young woman who emigrates from Ireland to Canada. Knockmealdown is mentioned in the first and the stanzas, as follows, Kitty Bawn OBrien by Allister MacGillvary A soft wind blowing sweet. From the peaks called Knockmeal Down, the songbird signs his cheery notes above Black Water Sound. From my heart all joys depart, no beauty can enthrall, I met her at the Mallow Fair, where lovers sport and play. I watched her feet trip lightly as a piper droned her way and she sang a song so lilting there, her hands beneath her shawl, now Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal. I followed her to Waterford the day the ship set sail and her mother let the tears down fall, her fathers cheeks were pale. I kissed her there, I lost her there, now sadly I recall, and far across the ocean wide a world from Knockmeal Down, my Kitty shines like silver in some far Canadian town. Shell charm some French soldier there, I cant blame him at all, a soft wind blowing sweet and warm, from the peaks called Knockmeal Down. The songbird signs his cheery notes above Black Water Sound, from my heart all joys depart, no beauty can enthrall, my Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal, my Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal. KITTY BAWN OBRIEN Soft blow the winds both warm and sweet From the peaks called Knockmealdown, The songbird pipes its cheery note Above Blackwater Sound, but from my heart no joys depart No beauty can enthrall. My Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal, I met her at the Mallow Fair Where lovers sport and play. I watched her feet move lightly While the piper droned away, She san a song so lilting there, now Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal. I followed her to Waterford The day the ship set sail and her mother let the tear drops fall, Her fathers face was pale. I kissed her ere I lost her there, and sorely I recall, My Kitty Bawn OBriens gone to far off Montreal. And far across the wide, A world from Knockmealdown My Kitty shines like silver In some bold Canadian town
13.
Knockmealdown
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Knockmealdown is the highest peak of the Knockmealdown Range of mountains, located on the border between Co Tipperary and Co Waterford. The peak itself is located in County Waterford and is the highest point in that county, however, since the county border generally follows the summit line the main peaks are actually in both county Tipperary and in county Waterford. The same situation is true for part of the nearby Galty mountains where the highest peaks are shared between Tipperary and Limerick, Knockmealdown is the Anglicised form of an older Irish name. The original Irish name is believed to be Cnoc Mhaoldomhnaigh. It has also suggested that it is derived from Cnoc Maol Donn. In 1654 the name was recorded as Knockmealdowny, indicating there was an extra syllable at the end, the peak is most easily accessed from the west, via the layby overlooking Bay Lough on the Vee Gap. This also involves climbing Sugarloaf Hill first and it may also be climbed by following the Glannandaree stream from the carpark at the point where the R668 and R669 roads meet. List of mountains in Ireland List of Irish counties by highest point
14.
River Suir
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The River Suir is a river in Ireland that flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Waterford after a distance of 185 kilometres. The catchment area of the Suir is 3,610 km2 and its long term average flow rate is 76.9 cubic metres per second, more than twice the flow of the River Barrow. Popular with anglers, it holds plentiful reserves of brown trout, while the Suir holds the record for a salmon taken from an Irish river, as is the case in many other Atlantic rivers, salmon stocks have been in decline in recent years. Rising on the slopes of Devils Bit Mountain, just north of Templemore in County Tipperary, merging with the River Aherlow at Kilmoyler and further on with the Tar, it turns east at the Comeragh Mountains, forming the border between County Waterford and County Tipperary. It then passes through Cahir, Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir before reaching Waterford, near the Port of Waterford it meets the River Barrow at Cheekpoint to form a wide navigable estuary, capable of accommodating seagoing vessels up to 32,000 tons dwt. It exits to the sea between Dunmore East and Hook Head, together with the Nore and the Barrow, the river is one of the trio known as The Three Sisters. The Suir is known in Irish as the Siúr and it is thought the present spelling in English with the u and i reversed is due to a mistake, some people therefore feel that the spelling in English should be Siur and this spelling is occasionally seen. In the early years of the 21st century, the remains of a very large Viking settlement were found at a bend in the river at Woodstown just upstream from Waterford. In Clonmel, the Suir floods the area after very heavy rainfalls falling in the up river catchment of 2,173 km2. Phase 1 of the Clonmel Flood defence which stated in 2007 is scheduled for completion in late 2009, the flood defence consists of demountable barriers, walls and earth banks. The Gashouse Bridge, Coleville Road, Davis Road, the quays, the tide turns above the Miloko chocolate crumb factory in Carrick-on-Suir. The flood waters spill onto the land above Miloko on the County Waterford side of the river, Carrick-on-Suir is tidal and has a 1–50-year flood defence. The Office of Public Works now plan to install a 1–200-year flood defence where the river Suir flows through Waterford city, rivers of Ireland Salmon Ireland, information on the Salmon rivers of Ireland The Suir Navigation from Carrick to Clonmel
15.
Munster Blackwater
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The Blackwater or Munster Blackwater is a river which flows through counties Kerry, Cork, and Waterford in Ireland. It rises in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in County Kerry and then flows in a direction through County Cork, through Mallow. It then enters County Waterford where it flows through Lismore, before turning south at Cappoquin. In total, the Blackwater is 169 km long, the total catchment area of the River Blackwater is 3,324 km2. The long term average flow rate of the River Blackwater is 89.1 Cubic Metres per second The Blackwater is notable for being one of the best salmon fishing rivers in the country. Like many Irish and British rivers, salmon stocks declined in recent years, tributaries of the Blackwater include, River Awbeg, River Dalua, River Bride, River Allow, River Araglin, River Finnow, River Funshion. Towns along the river are Youghal, Cappoquin, Lismore, Fermoy, Mallow, the Blackwater Estuary was listed on the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance on 11 June 1996. Special Area of Conservation Salmon fishing on the Munster Blackwater, from Salmon Ireland The Munster Blackwater and associated navigations The Lombardstown to Mallow Canal
16.
UNESCO
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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Paris. It is the heir of the League of Nations International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, UNESCO has 195 member states and nine associate members. Most of its offices are cluster offices covering three or more countries, national and regional offices also exist. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs, education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and it is also a member of the United Nations Development Group. UNESCO and its mandate for international cooperation can be traced back to a League of Nations resolution on 21 September 1921, on 18 December 1925, the International Bureau of Education began work as a non-governmental organization in the service of international educational development. However, the work of predecessor organizations was largely interrupted by the onset of World War II. On 30 October 1943, the necessity for an organization was expressed in the Moscow Declaration, agreed upon by China, the United Kingdom, the United States. This was followed by the Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals of 9 October 1944, a prominent figure in the initiative for UNESCO was Rab Butler, the Minister of Education for the United Kingdom. At the ECO/CONF, the Constitution of UNESCO was introduced and signed by 37 countries, the Preparatory Commission operated between 16 November 1945, and 4 November 1946—the date when UNESCOs Constitution came into force with the deposit of the twentieth ratification by a member state. The first General Conference took place between 19 November to 10 December 1946, and elected Dr. Julian Huxley to Director-General and this change in governance distinguished UNESCO from its predecessor, the CICI, in how member states would work together in the organizations fields of competence. In 1956, the Republic of South Africa withdrew from UNESCO claiming that some of the organizations publications amounted to interference in the racial problems. South Africa rejoined the organization in 1994 under the leadership of Nelson Mandela, UNESCOs early work in the field of education included the pilot project on fundamental education in the Marbial Valley, Haiti, started in 1947. This project was followed by missions to other countries, including, for example. In 1948, UNESCO recommended that Member States should make free primary education compulsory, in 1990, the World Conference on Education for All, in Jomtien, Thailand, launched a global movement to provide basic education for all children, youths and adults. Ten years later, the 2000 World Education Forum held in Dakar, Senegal, UNESCOs early activities in culture included, for example, the Nubia Campaign, launched in 1960. The purpose of the campaign was to move the Great Temple of Abu Simbel to keep it from being swamped by the Nile after construction of the Aswan Dam, during the 20-year campaign,22 monuments and architectural complexes were relocated. This was the first and largest in a series of campaigns including Mohenjo-daro, Fes, Kathmandu, Borobudur, the organizations work on heritage led to the adoption, in 1972, of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The World Heritage Committee was established in 1976 and the first sites inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978, since then important legal instruments on cultural heritage and diversity have been adopted by UNESCO member states in 2003 and 2005
17.
Geopark
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A Geopark is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way, and promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there. There are Global Geoparks and National Geoparks, a Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significance. Geoparks use that heritage to promote awareness of key issues facing society in the context of the planet we all live on. Geoparks are not a legislative designation though the key heritage sites within a geopark are often protected under local, regional or national legislation as appropriate, the multidisciplinary nature of the concept of geopark and tourism promotion in geoparks differentiates itself from other models of sustainable tourism. The Global Geoparks Network is supported by United Nations Educational, Scientific, many national geoparks and other local geoparks projects also exist which are not included in the Global Geoparks Network. The geoparks initiative was launched by UNESCO in response to the perceived need for an initiative that recognizes sites representing an earth science interest. Global Geoparks Network aims at enhancing the value of such sites while at the time creating employment. The Global Geoparks Network works in synergy with UNESCOs World Heritage Centre and Man, the Global Geoparks Network is a UNESCO activity established in 1998. See Members of the Global Geoparks Network, geotourism Global Geoparks Network Asia Pacific Geoparks Network European Geoparks Network List of National Geoparks Global Geoparks Network European Geoparks Network Asia Pacific Geoparks Network
18.
Ring, County Waterford
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Ring or Ringagonagh is a parish within the Irish-speaking Gaeltacht na nDéise area in County Waterford, Ireland. It lies on a peninsula about seven miles south of Dungarvan, the main settlement is the village of Ring or Ringville, which is within the townland of Ballynagaul. There are also two fishing piers/harbours, two beaches and a cove at Helvick, Ring is an anglicisation of the Irish name An Rinn, meaning a meaning cape, point or headland. The English-language version of the name was thus officially dropped from roadsigns in 2005. However, the English-language version of the name, Ring, is widely used in Waterford. The Irish language plays an important role for people in the area, gaoluinn na nDéise - the Waterford variant of the Munster Irish dialect - is spoken by native speakers. The strongest age-group of Irish speakers is the 10-14 age category, a large number of people have moved to the area over recent decades, and as a result there is a group of people living in Ring for whom Irish is not their first language. The results for Ring were as follows, All education in Ring is carried out through the medium of Irish, there is a pre-school, Naíonra na Rinne in the local community centre, Ionad Pobail na Rinne. There is one national school, Scoil Náisiúnta na Rinne. There is one school, Meánscoil San Nioclás which services Ring, An Sean Phobal. Coláiste na Rinne is a boarding Irish medium primary school in Ring, the Coláiste operates as an Irish language summer college during the summer. During term time it accommodates fifth and sixth class students, as Coláiste na Rinne is a primary boarding school many students go on to secondary level boarding schools from here. Many of the students are accommodated by local families, many of whom speak only Irish at home. As such it is seen as a way to improve the visitors quality of spoken Irish. A new Transition Year course is also being offered for students in 2016, Coláiste na Rinne also provides Irish-language training courses for various public sector bodies and trainee teachers. Rinn Ó gCuanach CLG is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ring, the club enters teams of both GAA codes each year, which includes two adult Gaelic football teams and two adult Hurling teams in the Waterford County Championships. The club is one of a handful of clubs at senior level in the county, competing in the Senior Hurling. Community development in Ring is primarily carried out by two bodies that co-operate with each other, Comhairle Pobail na Rinne have a rial na Gaeilge which requires activities taking place in the hall to include the Irish language, and most activities are carried out in Irish only
19.
Dungarvan
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Dungarvan is a coastal town and harbour in County Waterford, on the south coast of Ireland. Prior to the merger of Waterford County Council with Waterford City Council in 2014, Dungarvan was the county town, Waterford City and County Council retains administrative offices in the town. The towns Irish name means Garbhanns fort, referring to Saint Garbhann who founded a church there in the seventh century, the town lies on the N25 road, which connects Cork, Waterford and Rosslare Europort. A friary in Abbeyside, founded by Augustinians in the 13th century, is incorporated with the structure of a 20th-century Roman Catholic church. One of the most significant colleges in the town was founded by these Augustinians whose order survives. In everyday local usage, Dungarvan is taken to refer to the western, less suburban half of the town, a castle, commissioned around the 12th-13th centuries by King John of England, stands by the harbour. But no trace of the walls John built remain, unlike nearby Waterford and Duncannon, Dungarvan surrendered without a siege in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. The 1921 Burgery ambush, an incident in the Irish War of Independence, just over 3% of the towns population, or 242 persons are daily Irish speakers, outside of the education system. Education through the medium of Irish is available at pre-school and primary level in the town in the local Gaelscoil, Scoil Garbhán, the Irish Language Officer of Waterford City and County Council is based in Dungarvan. There are a range of activities and projects undertaken to strengthen the Irish language in the town, an Irish in Business award was established in 2009 to recognise businesses in Dungarvan and West Waterford who work to promote the Irish language. The town is home to an office of Glór na nGael, the Dungarvan office is responsible for Glór na nGael’s work across South Leinster and most of Munster. There is also significant contact between the town and the nearby Gaeltacht area of An Rinn and An Sean Phobal which make up Gaeltacht na nDéise, Dungarvan has been identified as a potential Gaeltacht Service Town under the Gaeltacht Act 2012. Under the act, a plan for the town will be developed. The aim of the plan will be to enhance the use of the Irish language in the town. Dungarvan is situated at the mouth of the Colligan River, Dungarvan Harbour as such is formed by The Quay and The Causeway. A single-span bridge was built in the late 18th century by Lord Devonshire to link Dungarvan with Abbeyside, outside the harbour, a 3-kilometre sandbar, The Cunnigar defines the western limit of the 4-kilometre wide Dungarvan Bay. The Cunnigar encloses the estuary of the River Brickey which flows out to sea at Abbeyside without actually joining the Colligan, the two estuaries are separated by The Point. It is positioned on the N25 national primary road and the R672, the town is separated from the open ocean by a shallow, eastward-facing bay
20.
County seat
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A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
21.
Abbeyside
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Abbeyside is an area in Dungarvan, County Waterford, Ireland. It lies on the east bank of the Colligan River, macGraths Castle was a notable landmark in Abbeyside, overlooking Dungarvan Harbour, until it collapsed in January 1916. It was situated at Friars Walk in Abbeyside, near the Augustinian abbey and it was a typical tower-house of six floors, two of them supported by stone vaults. The MacGrath family is said to have built it, and it is called MacCraghs Castle in the Civil Survey of 1654, by the mid-18th century the castle was still in a good state of preservation and retained its roof. Following the collapse, fragments of the walls remained up until the early 1960s, stage 2 of the 1998 Tour de France passed through Abbeyside. The local GAA club is Abbeyside/Ballinacourty GAA, the club plays both hurling and gaelic football and competes in both senior codes in the county. The village also has a soccer team, Abbeyside AFC which in recent years has gone into decline after a period of success from 1987 to 2003. Currently the club based in an urban area have no schoolboy football team. This marks a break of tradition stretching back 35 years. Children from the area now play their football with the progressive clubs of Ballinroad. Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, noted Physicist and Nobel Laureate was born in Abbeyside, Walton was famous for his work with John Cockcroft on the splitting of the atom. The Walton Causeway Park in Abbeyside was dedicated in his honour, Walton himself attended the ceremony in 1989. After his death, a plaque was placed on the site of his birthplace in Abbeyside, louis Claude Purser, a noted classical scholar was born here. Sarah Purser, a portrait painter was raised in Abbeyside
22.
Aglish
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Aglish is a village in west County Waterford, Ireland. The village has traditionally had a population of less than 300, Aglish lies 16 km west of Dungarvan and 18 km north of Youghal, and is within the parish of Aglish, Ballinameela and Mount Stuart. Running through the village is the Geosh river, a tributary of the River Blackwater, local amenities include a national school, village hall, post office, petrol station, two sports pitches, and two pubs. Sporting success has come through the Geraldines hurling and football teams, Aglish also won three Waterford senior football titles in 1915,1922 and 1923. Paddy OBrien is a renowned singer from the area, who won Irish country musics Gold Star award in 1988. An annual vintage rally gained the village extra attention during its run from 1980 to 1996, and was revived in 2008
23.
Ardmore, County Waterford
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It is believed to be the oldest Christian settlement in Ireland. Saint Declan lived in the region at some time in the period 350–450 AD, in September 2014, Ardmore was included on a shortlist of Irelands top tourist towns composed by Fáilte Ireland. He was regarded as a saint of the Déisi of East Munster. A bishop of Ardmore swore fealty to Henry II of England at Cashel, as a suffragan of its archbishop, the last reference to an independent bishop of Ardmore dates to 1210, when Innocent III listed it as one of Cashels eleven suffragan dioceses. No longer a residential bishopric, Árd Mór is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see, the parish, now called that of Ardmore and Grange, is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore. St. Pauls, an old Church of Ireland church in the village, is part of the parish of Youghal. On a hill above the village is a well-preserved 30-m-high, 12th-century round tower, one of the outer walls of the Cathedral features some stone carvings retrieved from an earlier 9th-century building. The carvings include an early image of a harp, images of Adam and Eve in the garden. The Cathedral also contains two Ogham stones, which rest in small alcoves, some elements of the original structure can still be seen within the building. The present Church of Ireland church is close to this complex, vital harbour development remains unfunded and larger fishing vessels are unable to utilise the present docking facilities due to a lack of water depth. However, a number of fishermen maintain some of the old fishing practices as they continue to fish from Ardmore. The Samson, a ship, was wrecked on Ram Head, near the village. Its wreck is now a diving spot. There are many other older wrecks in the bay including the Marechal de Noailles, Bandon, Peri, Scotland, Sextusa and Peg Tranton. The remaining keel of the wreck may still be seen at low tide on the main beach. The village includes two hotels, a number of pubs and restaurants, a petrol station, a pier and slipway. There are also one or two clubs and a primary school. It boasts a mile-long beach, commonly termed the Main Beach, and several beaches, such as Goat Island, Ballyquin, the Curragh
24.
Ballybeg, County Waterford
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Ballybeg is a largely working class district in Waterford, Ireland. As of 2007, the community was reported as being approximately 750 houses, surrounding residential areas include Templars Hall, Carraig an Aird, Cluain-a-Laoi and Meadowbank. There have been complaints to public authorities by Ballybeg residents. The area of Ballybeg is situated within the wider Kilbarry area and this area was reputedly home to a priory of the Knights Templar and later became the Irishtown of Waterford. Many cities and large towns in Ireland have an area called Baile Beag Baile Bocht i. e. Ballybock in Dublin, Ceathrú Rua or simply Irish Town. Ballybeg is sometimes described as being like a village within Waterford city, with facilities as a church, a primary school,2 supermarkets, a takeaway. Waterford United also play their home games very close by, in the Regional Sports Centre, the suburb also has a cemetery which is completed. The community also has a representative group called the Ballybeg Action Group which works for the improvement of facilities in the local community. Ballybeg is also home to many sports and leisure clubs - boxing, soccer, hurling, gaelic. There is also a womens group. Andrew MacLaran, Vanda Clayton, Paula Brudell, empowering Communities in Disadvantaged Urban Areas, Towards Greater Community Participation in Irish Urban Planning
25.
Ballylaneen
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Ballylaneen is a small village in County Waterford, Ireland, approximately halfway between the villages of Kilmacthomas and Bunmahon on a hill by the River Mahon. The village features a Catholic church, a house, a now closed shop-garage. It also has St. Annes Holy Well, where people are said to have gone to pray for cures in the past, the village was larger in the 19th century and gave its name to a parish of its own, which was administered from Mothel. Today Ballylaneen is part of Stradbally parish, the ruins of a large mill can be seen on the river Mahon, east of the village. This was one of five mills, which were sited on the river Mahon, the other four were at Mahonbridge and Kilmacthomas. The present village is situated in the townland of Carrigcastle, while the old school. There are two associated with the village. The old graveyard is outside the present village on the Kilmacthomas road and it is the burial place of the poet Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin. Half a mile to the west of the village is an ancient stone-walled circular enclosure called Cathair Breac on a hill overlooking the village, on another hill south-west of the village in Carrigcastle, there is a subterranean neolithic corbel-roofed chamber, which was unearthed in the early 1970s. The village had its own school, originally established under the British National School system. It was closed down in the 1950s, after which most of the pupils from the area attended Seafield near Bunmahon, the old school building is still standing adjacent to the old graveyard, and was recently refurbished as a holiday home. The best-known teacher at the National School was the gaelic scholar Tom Walsh around 1910, while he taught there, promising children from other school catchment areas attended, including John Kiely of Stradbally and David Hill of Kilmacthomas. Tom Walsh translated the Latin inscription to gaelic on the tomb-stone of Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin, Walsh was succeeded by Tom Cashin NT who taught in Ballylaneen until the schools closure. The latter teacher received mention in the accounts of Larry Griffin, the old graveyard in Ballylaneen is the burial place of the famous Munster poet and religious writer Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin. His tombstone is an upright monument with a curved top. Its located a few metres from the end of the old National School building. The Latin epitaph was composed by the poet Donncha Rua mac Conmara, the Irish translation on the black plastic plaque was done by Tom Walsh, the teacher in the old National School in the early 1900s. Tadhg Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin was born in Tuar na Fola, Co and he moved first to Cork, where he lived for about 30 years, and later to Co
26.
Bunmahon
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Bunmahon, also called Bonmahon, is a coastal village in County Waterford, Ireland, at the mouth of the River Mahon. Copper was mined here between 1827 and 1877, the population of the village swelled to over 2000 at that time. The village was home to a shop, a creamery. A history of this period and the activity was published in 2006. One of the workers was Thomas Wheatley, whose son John Wheatley later went on to be Minister for Health for the first Labour Party government in 1924. Bunmahon lies at the heart of the Copper Coast European Geopark and this is one of the copper coasts unchanged areas as it has not been touched by developers and boasts numerous beaches and wildlife. The wildlife includes wild foxes, rabbits, and many different species of birds, the local beach is popular with holidaymakers and surfers use it all year round. It also has its own surfing school which runs in the summer months owned by local entrepreneur Tadhg Buckley, the beach and surrounding coast is covered by the Bonmahon Unit of the Irish Coast Guard. List of towns and villages in Ireland
27.
Cappoquin
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Cappoquin, also spelt Cappaquin or Capaquin, is a town in west County Waterford, Ireland. It is on the Blackwater river at the junction of the N72 national secondary road and it is positioned on a sharp 90-degree bend in the river and nestles at the foot of the Knockmealdown Mountains. It is the birthplace of the poet Thomas McCarthy, popular local pursuits include Gaelic games, rowing, and fishing. In the 1980s at Lefanta, just south of the town,7, 000-year-old artifacts were discovered, today the town features include unique scenery, coarse angling and the Glenshelane woodland walk. Rowing is a sport on the river. The town is only a few miles from Mount Melleray and Lismore. Some of the largest individual employers are located on the Cappoquin industrial estate. Businesses located here include Pat Denn feeds, Calmark Ireland, FBA laboratories Ltd, Glenside woodside design and Paul Flynn hardware, among others. Being surrounded by fertile fields on all sides, farming and agriculture plays an important role in the town, providing employment on farms, near Cappoquin is West Waterford Vineyards, an Irish wine producer. The Local economy has suffered over the years lack of investment. Cappoquin has lost both local banks as well as small shops, local pub and local secondary school. As a result a number of buildings within the town have become dilapidated, Affane Cappoquin GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Cappoquin, County Waterford, Ireland. The club was formed in 1969 with the merging of Affane GAA, at present, the team is called Cappoquin when playing hurling and Affane when playing gaelic football. Affane went on to represent Waterford in the Munster Senior Club Football Championship, as Cappoquin, the club has reached one Waterford Senior Hurling Championship final, losing to Mount Sion in 1956. His presidency was invested with significant rowing pedigree as he had captained the Trinity Boat at Cambridge three decades previously and rowed for Cambridge in 1936 when they defeated Oxford, in the 1880s Cappoquin joined with other rowing clubs nationwide to establish the Irish Amateur Rowing Association. This early attempt at forming an association was to prove merely provisional however. The club continues and found much success nationally and internationally through with the success of both Milo and Patrick Murray during the 1990s and 2000s period, the club continues to nurture new talent. Railway Athletic FC was founded in 1980 and is situated at Danes Field, Cappoquin Market House a three bay two storey house currently used as a shop
28.
Carrickbeg
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Carrickbeg is a village on the southern side of the river Suir in southern Ireland. Carrickbeg comprises that part of the town of Carrick-on-Suir on the side of the River Suir. The area is County Tipperary, but a minority of residents have an affinity for County Waterford. The Franciscan order had a presence in Carrickbeg between 1336 and 2006, the land on which the friary was constructed was first granted to the order by the 1st Earl of Ormond. However, the suppression of monasteries by Henry VIII led to the closure of the friary. Just prior to the invasion of Ireland by Oliver Cromwell, the friars had returned for an 11-year period, before being shut down again and it was not until 1820 and the onset of Catholic Emancipation that the friars were able to fully return and a new chapel was built. Saint Francis Roman Catholic Church was built on the grounds of the former fourteenth-century Franciscan Friary, the friars served the local community until a lack of vocations led to the order finally leaving Carrickbeg in 2006. The main features of Carrickbeg are the old St. Mollerans church, the River Suir, the local Gaelic Athletic Association club is St. Mollerans. The club is one of three GAA clubs in the town of Carrick-on-Suir, the others being Carrick Davins and Carrick Swan, the 1998 Tour de France passed through Carrickbeg. Carrickbeg came to attention in 2008 when the winning ticket for a €15 million EuroMillions jackpot was sold in the village. List of towns and villages in Ireland
29.
Cheekpoint
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Cheekpoint is a village set on the confluence of the River Suir and the River Barrow. The village is surrounded by the Malting Woods which were planted by Cornelius Bolton. The Irish name for Cheekpoint is Pointe na Síge, or perhaps Pointe na Sí and it is also claimed to mean Point of the Streak. Now it is thought that the name comes from a rock called Carraig na Síge out on the river near the low water mark which shows a trail of foam or streak with the ebbing tide. Subsequently it was called Bolton but this name is now no longer used, before the building of the pier at Dunmore East, Cheekpoint was a thriving village, being the station at which the mail packets from England for Waterford stopped. In addition there were cotton, rope, and hosiery factories which disappeared when the packet station was transferred to Dunmore East on July 1,1818. Cheekpoint and the lands which surrounded it were owned of the Aylward family from Bristol and they held it until Oliver Cromwell dispossessed them in 1649 when they refused to renounce Catholicism. Cromwell then gave the property to one of his officers, a Captain William Bolton, in 1783 Cornelius Bolton built Faithlegg House after he had inherited the Faithlegg Estate from his father in 1779. Cornelius Bolton was a progressive landlord and he was very interested in helping his tenants to progress. He built the pier at the village of Cheekpoint and then he built a textile factory, a rope factory. However these enterprises failed and he went bankrupt in 1819 and this was largely due to the mail packet station to Milford Haven in Wales being transferred to Dunmore East in 1818. Sleaters Topography of Ireland published in 1806 has the reference, - Bolton, formerly called Cheekpoint, cotton factory and hoisery. A most commodious Inn for passengers in the packets to and from Milford Haven in Pembrokershire, an earlier writer refers to it - Mr. Beam and was normally rowed or paddled and they were used for long lining and salmon fishing with drift nets, snap nets and draft nets. In 1995 a series of groins were built up to 200 metres out in the river to divert the Cheekpoint Bar which was a mudbank impeding large vessels from travelling to the Port of Waterford. These groins resulted in the harbour at Cheekpoint silting up so badly that only small craft may now enter, the harbour is not used very often now by visiting craft because of this difficulty. List of towns and villages in Ireland Irish Railway Record Society River Cots of the South East
30.
Dunhill, County Waterford
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Dunhill is a town in County Waterford, Ireland. The town comprises a church, a school, a parish hall. An enterprise park called Dunhill Ecopark was established in 2000 by members of the Dunhill community, sacred Heart is the third church to have been built on the current site. The first structure was erected in 1798 after an old building in the townland of Shanaclune was abandoned, there is an Eco park for adult education as well as a National School. The ruins of Dunhill Castle are nearby, there is a GAA pitch adjacent to the Eco park. The Dunhill GAA club enters teams in both GAA codes each year, which includes two adult hurling teams and one adult Gaelic football team, the ruins of Dunhill Castle is situated on a rock outcrop south of the village. The castle was owned by John Power in 1641 and traditionally it is thought to be an ancient stronghold which fell to Oliver Cromwell in the 17th century, additional archaeological sites in the area include an earthwork, font, megalithic tomb, and 2 ringforts. Dunhill Ecopark Dunhill National School Parish of Dunhill & Fenor
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County Waterford
