A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.
The Cogan House Covered Bridge, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill Permanent Bridge in Philadelphia, the first documented covered bridge in America
Covered bridge in Macon, Georgia, 1877
Pont de Rohan in Landerneau, France
A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements, typically straight, may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. There are several types of truss bridges, including some with simple designs that were among the first bridges designed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A truss bridge is economical to construct primarily because it uses materials efficiently.
A truss bridge operated by Southern Pacific Railroad in Contra Costa County, California converted to pedestrian use and pipeline support
Pratt through truss of the former Seaboard Air Line Railway, located near Willow, Florida; abandoned since the mid-1980s
Deck truss railroad bridge over the Erie Canal in Lockport, New York
The four span through truss General Hertzog Bridge over the Orange River at Aliwal North carries vehicular traffic