1.
Manx language
–
Manx, also known as Manx Gaelic, and also historically spelled Manks, is a Goidelic Celtic language of the Indo-European language family, historically spoken by the Manx people. Although the last surviving speaker of the language, Ned Maddrell, died in 1974. Manx has been the subject of language revival efforts, and in recent years Manx has become visible on the island, with increased signage, radio broadcasts. The revival of Manx has been made easier because the language was recorded, for example, the Bible has been translated into Manx. In Manx, the language is called Gaelg or Gailck, a word which shares the same etymology as the word Gaelic, the sister languages of Irish and Scottish Gaelic use Gaeilge and Gàidhlig, respectively, for their languages. As with Irish and Scottish, the form with the article is frequently used in Manx. To distinguish it from the two forms of Gaelic, the phrases Gaelg/Gailck Vannin and Gaelg/Gailck Vanninnagh also are used. In addition, the nickname Çhengey ny Mayrey is occasionally used, the language is usually referred to in English as Manx. The term Manx Gaelic is often used, for example when discussing the relationship between the three Goidelic languages or to confusion with Anglo-Manx, the form of English spoken on the island. Scottish Gaelic is often referred to in English as simply Gaelic, a feature of Anglo-Manx deriving from Gaelic is the use of the definite article, e. g. the Manx, the Gaelic, in ways not generally seen in standard English. The word Manx is frequently spelled Manks in historical sources, particularly those written by natives of the island, the word means Mannish, the name of the island, Man, is frequently spelled Mann. It is sometimes accompanied by a footnote explaining that it is a word, with the stress on the first syllable. It is after the island that the Irish god Manannán mac Lir derives his name, Manx is a Goidelic language, closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic. On the whole it is not mutually intelligible with these, though the speakers of the three languages find it easy to gain passive competency in each others languages and even spoken competency and these writings have been found throughout Ireland and the west coast of Great Britain. Primitive Irish transitioned into Old Irish through the 5th century, Old Irish, dating from the 6th century, used the Latin script and is attested primarily in marginalia to Latin manuscripts, but there are no extant examples from the Isle of Man. By the 10th century Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, like the coastal areas of Scotland and Ireland, the Isle of Man was colonised by the Norse, who left their legacy in certain loanwords, personal names, and place names such as Laxey and Ramsey. However, they made little impact on the language overall, due to the prevalence of Gaelic-Norse bilingualism among the settlers. During the later Middle Ages, the Isle of Man fell increasingly under the influence of England, beginning in 1405, Manx experienced even more English influence under the rule of Sir John Stanley
Manx language
–
An
ogham inscription on a stone in the Manx Museum written in Primitive Irish and which reads DOVAIDONA MAQI DROATA, "Of Dovaido, son of Droata".
Manx language
–
Manx
Manx language
–
William Christian, better known as
Illiam Dhone (Brown-haired William)
Manx language
–
Lag ny Keeilley (Hollow of the Church) on
Cronk ny Arrey Laa (Hill of the Day Watch); the Manx language has had a substantial influence on the island's
toponymy and nomenclature.
2.
Isle of Man
–
The Isle of Man, also known simply as Mann, is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann, the Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government, the island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, in 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles, magnus III, King of Norway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103. In 1266, the became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the short form often used in English, Mann, is derived from the Manx Mannin, though sometimes the name is written as Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is Manu or Mana, the Old Irish form of the name is Manau or Mano. Old Welsh records named it as Manaw, also reflected in Manaw Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The oldest known reference to the calls it Mona, in Latin, in the 1st century CE, Pliny the Elder records it as Monapia or Monabia. Later Latin references have Mevania or Mænavia, and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers and it is found in the Sagas of Icelanders as Mön. The name is cognate with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn, usually derived from a Celtic word for mountain. The name was at least secondarily associated with that of Manannán mac Lir in Irish mythology, later, a Manannán is recorded as the first king of Mann in a Manx poem. The island was cut off from the islands around 8000 BC. The first residents were hunter gatherers and fishermen, examples of their tools are kept at the Manx Museum. There were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures, during the Bronze Age, burial mounds became smaller. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves with ornamental containers, the Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside. The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it Insula Manavia although it is whether they conquered the island
Isle of Man
–
The Braaid in central Isle of Man, with remnants of a Celtic-Norse
roundhouse and two
longhouses, c. 650–950 AD
Isle of Man
–
Flag
Isle of Man
–
The
Calf of Man seen from
Cregneash
Isle of Man
–
A composite satellite image of the Isle of Man
3.
Census in the Isle of Man
–
The Isle of Man, also known simply as Mann, is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann, the Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government, the island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, in 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles, magnus III, King of Norway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103. In 1266, the became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the short form often used in English, Mann, is derived from the Manx Mannin, though sometimes the name is written as Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is Manu or Mana, the Old Irish form of the name is Manau or Mano. Old Welsh records named it as Manaw, also reflected in Manaw Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The oldest known reference to the calls it Mona, in Latin, in the 1st century CE, Pliny the Elder records it as Monapia or Monabia. Later Latin references have Mevania or Mænavia, and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers and it is found in the Sagas of Icelanders as Mön. The name is cognate with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn, usually derived from a Celtic word for mountain. The name was at least secondarily associated with that of Manannán mac Lir in Irish mythology, later, a Manannán is recorded as the first king of Mann in a Manx poem. The island was cut off from the islands around 8000 BC. The first residents were hunter gatherers and fishermen, examples of their tools are kept at the Manx Museum. There were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures, during the Bronze Age, burial mounds became smaller. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves with ornamental containers, the Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside. The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it Insula Manavia although it is whether they conquered the island
Census in the Isle of Man
–
The Braaid in central Isle of Man, with remnants of a Celtic-Norse
roundhouse and two
longhouses, c. 650–950 AD
Census in the Isle of Man
–
Flag
Census in the Isle of Man
–
The
Calf of Man seen from
Cregneash
Census in the Isle of Man
–
A composite satellite image of the Isle of Man
4.
Ordnance Survey National Grid
–
The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude. It is often called British National Grid, the Ordnance Survey devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data, and in maps based on those surveys. Grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources. The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system is used to provide references for worldwide locations. European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System system, the grid is based on the OSGB36 datum, and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War Two, had issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain, more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the GPS, the British maps adopt a Transverse Mercator projection with an origin at 49° N, 2° W. Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin. This false origin is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly, the distortion created between the OS grid and the projection is countered by a scale factor in the longitude to create two lines of longitude with zero distortion rather than one. Grid north and true north are aligned on the 400 km easting of the grid which is 2° W. 2° 0′ 5″ W. OSGB36 was also used by Admiralty nautical charts until 2000 after which WGS84 has been used, a geodetic transformation between OSGB36 and other terrestrial reference systems can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true, the definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN02. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy, the difference between the coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB36 are the same as for WGS84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall, the WGS84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB36 equivalents, the smallest datum shift is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent. But Great Britain has not shrunk by 100+ metres, a point near Lands End now computes to be 27.6 metres closer to a point near Duncansby Head than it did under OSGB36. For the first letter, the grid is divided into squares of size 500 km by 500 km, there are four of these which contain significant land area within Great Britain, S, T, N and H. The O square contains an area of North Yorkshire, almost all of which lies below mean high tide
Ordnance Survey National Grid
–
Grid square TF. The map shows
The Wash and the
North Sea, as well as places within the counties of
Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire and
Norfolk.
Ordnance Survey National Grid
–
Geodesy
5.
Captain of the Parish
–
The Captain of the Parish is an official in each parish in the Isle of Man—formerly the title was Captain of the Parish Militia, but it is now only a titular honour. Historically the Captain of the Parish was authorised to raise his own militia in his parish and had the duty to light beacons informing the parish of an invasion, a Captain of the Parish is referred to by the prenominal title Captain. A person may hold the Captaincy of more than one parish at any one time, the title is held until death, unless it is removed for bad conduct, which has not occurred for many centuries. Although Onchan and Michael are now Districts for local authority purposes, the equivalent title for towns is Captain of the Town, however this title is no longer used
Captain of the Parish
–
Isle of Man
6.
Rushen
–
Rushen, formerly Kirk Christ Rushen, is a parish in the sheading of the same name in the Isle of Man. The parish is a fishing and agricultural district at the south-westernmost point of the island, the parish is one of three in the sheading of Rushen. The other two are Arbory and Malew, Rushen parish includes the south-western extremity of the island, together with the Calf of Man along its rocky outcrops Kitterland and Chicken Rock, and contains an area of about 10 square miles. The principal headlands are Port St Mary Point, Black Head, Spanish Head, and Bradda Head, and the inlets are Port St Mary Bay, Perwick Bay, Bay Stacka, Port Erin Bay. Cregneash is a village and folk museum near Mull Hill. The Isle of Man census 2006 lists the population of the parish as 1,591, the local authority is Rushen Parish Commissioners who meet at Ballafesson Hall. Rushen Parish Commissioners GeoHive Census Information Constituency maps and general election results
Rushen
–
Parish of Rushen
7.
Local government in the Isle of Man
–
Local government in the Isle of Man was formerly based on six sheadings, which were divided into seventeen parishes. The sheadings are now significant only as, the districts of the Coroners, the origins of the term sheading are unclear. There are three possibilities, from the Norse word skeid – meaning ship-assembly, with each sheading providing men for a warship. From a Celtic word meaning sixth part – with the sheadings having been a 14th-century Scottish introduction, from the Middle English word for an administrative division, scheding – with the sheadings having been introduced following English rule in the late 14th century. The parishes have ecclesiastical roots, and are thought to have introduced to the island in the 11th century from Scotland. Parish boundaries broadly followed physical features such as rivers and watersheds, for example, a mill and its croft, located on the west bank of a river, could be included in the adjoining parish east of the river by a loop in the boundary. However, the Act was not adopted by any of the towns, the boundaries of the town districts have been extended over time to incorporate new developments. In 1989 the office of alderman was abolished, leaving the council composed of the mayor, the 18 councillors are elected from 6 wards, each for a four-year term expiring on 1 May 2012,2016, and so on. The mayor is elected annually by the councillors, usually from their own number, although there are no longer any aldermen, the corporations legal title is unchanged. As its name implies, it is a corporate. The Public Health Act 1884 permitted the creation of elected sanitary authorities for sanitary districts, Port Erin was the only sanitary district so defined. The Local Government Act 1886 provided for elected boards of Village Commissioners, the existing sanitary authority of Port Erin became a board of Commissioners. Port St Mary was created a district in 1890, Laxey and Onchan in 1895. In 1986 the existing district and parish district of Onchan were merged to form a local government district of Onchan under a single body of Commissioners. In 1989 the village district and parish district of Michael were similarly merged, the new districts are village districts. As noted above, Onchan and Michael parish districts have since amalgamated with the corresponding village districts. In 2016 the village district of Laxey and the districts of Lonan. In 1938 the Local Government Board was empowered to create a board consisting of members of two or more local authorities to exercise specified functions of those authorities
Local government in the Isle of Man
–
Isle of Man
8.
Rushen (sheading)
–
Rushen is a sheading in the Isle of Man. The sheading comprises the southernmost portion of the island and it includes the parishes of Rushen, Arbory and Malew. The only village of any size in the sheading is Ballasalla, the sheading also includes Ronaldsway airport and the South Barrule. The town of Castletown and the villages of Port Erin and Port St Mary are geographically in the sheading, the House of Keys constituency of Rushen covers the parishes of Rushen and Arbory. George Broderick, Placenames of the Isle of Man, Volume Six, Sheading of Rushen
Rushen (sheading)
–
Sheading of Rushen
9.
Crown dependency
–
The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. Being independently administered jurisdictions, they do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories and they are self-governing possessions of the Crown. Internationally, the dependencies are considered territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible rather than as sovereign states, as a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, they do have a relationship with the Commonwealth, the European Union and they are not part of the European Union, although they are within the EUs customs area. In each case, the head of government is referred to as a Chief Minister, the Crown is defined differently in each crown dependency. Legislation of the Isle of Man defines the Crown in right of the Isle of Man as being separate from the Crown in right of the United Kingdom and this constitutional concept is also worded as the Crown in right of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Each Bailiwick is a Crown dependency and each is headed by a Bailiff, each Bailiwick has its own legal and healthcare systems, and their own separate immigration policies, with local status in one Bailiwick having no jurisdiction in the other. The two Bailiwicks exercise bilateral double taxation treaties, since 1961, the Bailiwicks have had separate courts of appeal, but generally the Bailiff of each Bailiwick has been appointed to serve on the panel of appellate judges for the other Bailiwick. The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises three separate jurisdictions, Guernsey, which also the nearby islands of Herm and Jethou. Sark, which includes the nearby island of Brecqhou. Alderney, including smaller surrounding uninhabited islands, the parliament of Guernsey is the States of Deliberation, the parliament of Sark is called the Chief Pleas, and the parliament of Alderney is called the States of Alderney. The three parliaments together can also approve joint Bailiwick-wide legislation that applies in those parts of the Bailiwick whose parliaments approve it. Guernsey issues its own coins and banknotes, Guernsey banknotes Coins of the Guernsey pound These circulate freely in both Bailiwicks alongside UK coinage and English and Scottish banknotes and they are not legal tender within the UK. There are no parties in any of the parliaments, candidates stand for election as independents. e. 5432 on 2 wheels and on 4 wheels, the Bailiwick of Jersey consists of the island of Jersey and a number of surrounding uninhabited islands. The parliament is the States of Jersey, the first known mention of which is in a document of 1497, Jersey issues its own coins and banknotes, Jersey banknotes Coins of the Jersey pound These circulate freely in both Bailiwicks alongside UK coinage and English and Scottish banknotes. They are not legal tender within the UK but are legal currency backed by deposits at the Bank of England, there are few political parties, as candidates generally stand for election as independents. The Isle of Mans Tynwald claims to be the worlds oldest parliament in continuous existence, candidates often stand for election as independents, rather than being selected by political parties
Crown dependency
–
Brecqhou island
Crown dependency
–
Location of the Crown dependencies
Crown dependency
–
Aerial view of
Saint Clement, Jersey
Crown dependency
–
"La Reine, Notre Duc" (The Queen, Our Duke): title of a Diamond Jubilee exhibition at the Jersey Arts Centre in 2012
10.
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
–
Postal codes used in the United Kingdom are known as postcodes. They are alphanumeric and were adopted nationally between 11 October 1959 and 1974, having been devised by the GPO, a full postcode is known as a postcode unit and designates an area with a number of addresses or a single major delivery point. For example, the postcode of the University of Roehampton in London is SW15 5PU, the postcode of GCHQ is GL51 0EX, where GL signifies the postal town of Gloucester. The postal town refers to an area and does not relate to a specific town. GL51 is one of the postcodes for the town of Cheltenham which is where GCHQ is located, the London post town covers 40% of Greater London. On inception it was divided into ten districts, EC, WC, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W. The S and NE sectors were later abolished and these divisions changed little, usually only changed for operational efficiency. Some older road signs in Hackney still indicate the North East sector/district, following the successful introduction of postal districts in London, the system was extended to other large towns and cities. Liverpool was divided into Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western districts in 1864/65, in 1917 Dublin – then still part of the United Kingdom – was divided into numbered postal districts. These continue in use in a form by An Post. In 1923 Glasgow was divided in a way to London. In January 1932 the Postmaster General approved the designation of some urban areas into numbered districts. In November 1934 the Post Office announced the introduction of numbered districts in every town in the United Kingdom large enough to justify it. Pamphlets were issued to each householder and business in ten areas notifying them of the number of the district in which their premises lay, the pamphlets included a map of the districts, and copies were made available at local head post offices. The public were invited to include the district number in the address at the head of letters. A publicity campaign in the following year encouraged the use of the district numbers, the slogan for the campaign was For speed and certainty always use a postal district number on your letters and notepaper. A poster was fixed to every box in the affected areas bearing the number of the district. Every post office in the district was also to display this information
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
–
Street name signs on Birdbrook Road, Great Barr, Birmingham, showing old "Birmingham 22" (top) and modern "B44" postcodes.
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
11.
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
–
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK governments Office of Communications. For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, since 28 April 2001, almost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code. All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code, regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number portion has more digits. Local customer numbers are four to eight figures long, the total number of digits is ten, but in a very few areas the total may be nine digits. The area code is referred to as an STD or a dialling code in the UK. The code allocated to the largest population is for London, the code allocated to the largest area is for all of Northern Ireland. The UK Numbering Plan also applies to three British Crown dependencies—Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man—even though they are not part of the UK itself. Possible number formats for UK telephone numbers are as follows, Number ranges starting 01 can have NSN length as 10 or 9 digits, the 0800 range can have NSN length as 10,9 or 7 digits. The 0845 range can have NSN length as 10 or 7 digits, the 0500 range has NSN length as 9 digits only. There are no numbers in the UK with an NSN length of 8 digits. Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits, four-digit area codes have either six-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of five- and six-digit subscriber numbers. Xxxxxx This is the used by most areas. It has an area code and a six digit subscriber number. These area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Just short of 581 areas use this format, and the area range from 01200 to 01998. A small number of areas also have a few subscriber numbers that have only five digits. That is, almost all area codes now have only six digit local numbers, six of the four-digit area codes are known as mixed areas as they share those four digits with the twelve five-digit area codes. The numbers therefore have only nine digits after the initial zero trunk code and these area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
–
Location of the United Kingdom (dark green)
12.
Isle of Man Constabulary
–
The Isle of Man Constabulary is the national police service of the Isle of Man, an island of 80,000 inhabitants, situated approximately equidistant from Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England. The force has about 236 officers in its establishment, as the Isle of Man is not a part of the United Kingdom, the Constabulary is responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs of the Isle of Man Government. Nevertheless, the service volunteers itself for inspection by Her Majestys Inspectorate of Constabulary for England, the force is split into five neighbourhood policing teams. Northern NPT covers the North of the island, Ramsey, Andreas, Bride, Ballaugh, Lezayre, Maughold, western NPT covers Patrick, German, Michael, and Peel. Southern NPT covers the airport, Ballasalla, Castletown, Port St Mary, eastern NPT covers Braddan, Laxey, Lonan, and Onchan. Douglas NPT covers the borough of Douglas, each NPT is controlled by an inspector who has established a partnership with the local community to help solve issues affecting the local area. A major event for the force is the annual TT races, the constabularys headquarters are in Douglas. The present Chief Constable is Gary Roberts, in terms of uniform, the force looks very similar to police in the United Kingdom, apart from the custodian helmets worn by male constables and sergeants. White helmets were introduced in 1960 as an alternative to the older black helmets. White helmets were used as an option in other police forces. The white helmet is now year round by officers on foot patrol. Officers on mobile patrol tend to wear peaked caps, officers of the rank of sergeant and above may carry a signalling stick when on foot patrol. This is in effect an additional rank indicator, until very recently constables acting up in the rank of sergeant were referred to as carrying the stick. If the acting was only short term, the stick was often the only indicator of their additional responsibilities, there are usually one superintendent and three chief inspectors, who take responsibility, respectively, for local neighbourhood policing, island-wide policing, and motorsport policing. The last of these covers the TT races and associated motorsports activities
Isle of Man Constabulary
–
Badge of the Isle of Man Constabulary
13.
Fire services in the United Kingdom
–
The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover is provided by over fifty fire and rescue services, many FRS were previously known as brigades or county fire services, but almost all now use the standard terminology. They are distinct from and governed by an authority, which is the legislative, public and administrative body. Fire authorities in England and Wales, and therefore fire and rescue services, Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire and rescue services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion. The devolved government in Scotland has an agency, HMFSI Scotland. This Act provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain,1947, Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire,1959, Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act, it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act,1999, Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2002, there was a series of fire strikes. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the action still ongoing. Bains report ultimately led to a change in the relating to firefighting. 2002, Independent Review of the Fire Service published 2004, Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, generally only applying to England and it came into force on 1 October 2006. The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises,2006, The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on Fire, promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation. But does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries, There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association. The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a House of Commons select committee, in June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office, Fire Control On 8 February 2010 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project. Called to give evidence were Cllr Brian Coleman and Cllr James Pearson from the Local Government Association, also giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association
Fire services in the United Kingdom
–
A fire engine of the
London Fire Brigade, the second-largest service in the country after the
Scottish Fire and Rescue Service
Fire services in the United Kingdom
–
Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service in action
Fire services in the United Kingdom
–
A 1951 Dennis P12 fire appliance belonging to the
Wiltshire Fire Brigade
Fire services in the United Kingdom
–
Fire on
West Pier in
Brighton, England
14.
Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
–
The service operates under the Department of Home Affairs. The Isle of Man received its first two engines from England in October 1803. These were independently operated by a company, and were horse-drawn. In the late nineteenth century legislation was introduced permitting town commissioners to establish local fire brigades, the Peel commissioners did so in 1884, followed by Port Erin in 1903 and Laxey in 1920. Some larger settlements, such as Ramsey and Douglas, had entered into arrangements with the military or with the privately owned insurance company fire brigades. The outbreak of war brought calls for a fire brigade. These fire areas are the same today, the service is headed by a Chief Fire Officer, and has a rank structure based on that of the United Kingdom. This service cooperates closely with the Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service, for joint operational purposes, and for the assigning of radio call signs to appliances, the airport fire station is known as station 9. Isle of Man Ambulance Service Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps Isle of Man Coastguard Isle of Man Constabulary Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service http, //www. gov. im/dha/fire/ http, //www. iomfire. com/
Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
–
Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
15.
House of Keys constituencies
–
The constituencies used for the 1986,1991,1996,2001,2006 and 2011 General Elections for the House of Keys were, Garff and Ayre became one seat constituencies, having previously each had two seats. Onchan constituency was created, having been part of Middle constituency. Middle constituency was created from the parishes of Marown and Braddan, Malew and Santon constituency was created from the parishes of Malew, and Santon. Ramsey gained a seat to become a two seat constituency. The constituencies are not currently known that were used for the 1924,1929,1934,1946,1951,1956,1962,1966,1971,1976,1981 General Elections and these were used for the 1903,1908,1913 and 1919 General Elections. The original constituencies were altered by the Redistribution Act 1893 to the following, These were used for the 1867,1875, and 1881 General Elections
House of Keys constituencies
–
Isle of Man
16.
Rushen (constituency)
–
Not to be confused with Rushen or Rushen. Rushen is a House of Keys constituency in the south of the Isle of Man which incorporates most of the parish of Rushen together with the districts of Port Erin. Until 2016 the constituency covered the whole of the sheading of Rushen except for the parish of Malew and the town of Castletown, in 2016 the constituency boundaries were redrawn. This constituency lost the parish of Arbory and a part of the parish of Rushen and now consists of most of the parish of Rushen, plus the village districts of Port Erin. Constituency maps and general election results
Rushen (constituency)
–
Rushen (House of Keys)
17.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
18.
Port Erin
–
Port Erin is a seaside village in the south of the Isle of Man. Today, a marker buoy shows the extent of the breakwater, to the north-east, by the A7 road, are the earthwork remains of a motte and bailey castle known as Cronk Howe Mooar, possibly the site of a timber fortification built by Magnus Barelegs c. The steam railway station forms the terminus of the Isle of Man Railway. More recent developments have seen the platform shortened and a carriage shed constructed in the yard, prior to this the rolling stock was stored in the open. 00pm. Some of these use an alternative coastal route. The route is the islands busiest, partially because it calls at the islands airport, a late evening service also operates on Friday and Saturday evenings, called the Night Owl, which charges higher fares. There is a coach storage car park to the rear of the station, formerly occupied by Tours Limited. A number of taxi services operate from the village into the later hours. The beach is sandy and is bounded by two headlands which funnel the prevailing westerly wind towards the village, on sunny days, the bay acts as a suntrap. One headland, Bradda Head, has a tower called Milners Tower. The town is famed for its views including spectacular sunsets over Port Erin Bay and Bradda Head, to the rear of the church lies the villages branch of the Royal British Legion in the same cluster of buildings. Found on the outskirts of the village on the road to Port St Mary, another modern build small church with its own parking area. It is dedicated to St Columba and was established as late as 1989 when the building was constructed in simple format, fish Hatchery a building in the outer harbour close to the wrecked breakwater, this was home to a University of Liverpool Marine Biology department which closed in 2006. Milners Tower the distinctive keyhole-shaped building that stands on top of Bradda Head, Police Station the Police Station closed in 2014, and is no longer manned. The closest manned Police Station in the south of the island is in Castletown, a public desk is located here. One of the famous residents in recent years was Formula 1 racing driver Nigel Mansell. An episode of the BBC documentary marking 20 years since the end of trains in the U. K. The Train Now Departing filmed extensive scenes in and around the station, the village has also featured in the holiday series Wish You Were Here
Port Erin
–
Port Erin
Port Erin
–
St Catherine's Well
Port Erin
–
Port Erin Station
Port Erin
–
St Catherine's Church Church Road
19.
Manx Loaghtan
–
The Manx Loaghtan is a breed of sheep native to the Isle of Man. It is sometimes spelled as Loaghtyn or Loghtan, the sheep have dark brown wool and usually four or occasionally six horns. The Manx Loaghtan is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep breeds and descends from the primitive sheep once found throughout Scotland, the Hebrides, the word Loaghtan comes from the Manx words lugh dhoan, which mean mouse-brown and describes the colour of the sheep. This breed is raised for its meat, which some consider a delicacy. The meat has recently received EU recognition and protection under the Protected Designation of Origin scheme, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust has characterized the Loaghtan as at risk. By the 1950s there were only 43 surviving specimens, Manx National Heritage developed two healthy flocks. These have given rise to commercial flocks on the Isle of Man, even so, today there are still fewer than 1,500 registered breeding females in the United Kingdom. The Manx Loaghtan is a sheep, with no wool on their dark brown faces. The sheep have short tails and are fine boned, in the past century the sheeps colour has stabilized as Moorit, that is shades between fawn and dark reddish brown, though the colour bleaches in the sun. Manx Loaghtan usually have four horns but individuals are found with two or six horns. The horns are small on the ewes but larger and stronger on the males. An adult female weighs about 40 kg, and a male about a third more. Meat Loaghtan is farmed as a delicacy on the Isle of Man, there are now many holdings on the UK mainland that also breed Loaghtans, including some farms with over 100 ewes – for example the Fowlescombe Flock in Devon. This gourmet meat is prized, often being sold as hoggett or mutton from well-finished animals. A 15-month-old will yield a carcass of 18 kg of lean, there is a large flock of the sheep on the Calf of Man and access to the island was closed to protect them during the 2001 UK Foot and Mouth Disease epidemic. The disease did not reach the island, which continued exports of the meat to the continent of Europe, the breed is listed in the Ark of Taste, an international catalogue of endangered heritage foods that the global Slow Food movement maintains. Wool Craft spinners and weavers like the wool for its softness, the crafters use the un-dyed material to produce woolens and tweeds. The wool from Jerseys flock of Loaghtans is sold locally, the Loaghtans wool has a high coating of lanolin wax, also known as wool wax or wool grease
Manx Loaghtan
–
Manx Loaghtan sheep at The Grove, Rural Life Museum,
Ramsey, Isle of Man
Manx Loaghtan
–
A Manx Loaghtan at
Butser Ancient Farm
Manx Loaghtan
–
Loaghtan sheep on Jersey
20.
Victorian era
–
The Victorian era was the period of Queen Victorias reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities. Some scholars date the beginning of the period in terms of sensibilities, the era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period. The later half of the Victorian age roughly coincided with the first part of the Belle Époque era of continental Europe, culturally there was a transition away from the rationalism of the Georgian period and toward romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts. The end of the saw the Boer War. Domestically, the agenda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in the direction of political reform, industrial reform. Two especially important figures in period of British history are the prime ministers Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone. Disraeli, favoured by the queen, was a gregarious Conservative and his rival Gladstone, a Liberal distrusted by the Queen, served more terms and oversaw much of the overall legislative development of the era. The population of England and Wales almost doubled from 16.8 million in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901, Scotlands population also rose rapidly, from 2.8 million in 1851 to 4.4 million in 1901. However, Irelands population decreased sharply, from 8.2 million in 1841 to less than 4.5 million in 1901, mostly due to the Great Famine. Between 1837 and 1901 about 15 million emigrants departed the UK permanently, in search of a life in the United States, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia. During the early part of the era, politics in the House of Commons involved battles between the two parties, the Whigs/Liberals and the Conservatives. These parties were led by such prominent statesmen as Lord Melbourne, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Derby, Lord Palmerston, Gladstone, Disraeli, Victoria became queen in 1837 at age 18. Her long reign until 1901 was mainly a time of peace, Britain reached the zenith of its economic, political, diplomatic and cultural power. The era saw the expansion of the second British Empire, Historians have characterised the mid-Victorian era as Britains Golden Years. There was prosperity, as the income per person grew by half. There was peace abroad, and social peace at home, opposition to the new order melted away, says Porter. The Chartist movement peaked as a movement among the working class in 1848, its leaders moved to other pursuits, such as trade unions
Victorian era
–
Queen Victoria, after whom the era is named
Victorian era
–
The Louth-London
Royal Mail travelling by train from
Peterborough East, 1845
Victorian era
–
A picture of
Leadenhall Street, London, c. 1837
Victorian era
–
The Poultry Cross,
Salisbury, painted by
Louise Rayner, c. 1870
21.
Thatched
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Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge, rushes, heather, or Palm fronds, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. Since the bulk of the vegetation stays dry, and is densely packed - trapping air - thatching also functions as a quite significant insulation material and it is a very old roofing method and has been used in both tropical and temperate climates. Thatch is still employed by builders in developing countries, usually with low-cost, in some equatorial countries, thatch is the prevalent local material for roofs, and often walls. There are diverse building techniques from the ancient Hawaiian hale shelter made from the local ti leaves, Palm leaves are also often used. For example, in Na Bure, Fiji, thatchers combine fan palm leave roofs with layered reed walls, feathered palm leaf roofs are used in Dominica. Alang-alang thatched roofs are used in Hawaii and Bali, in Southeast Asia, mangrove nipa palm leaves are used as thatched roof material known as attap dwelling. In Bali, Indonesia, the fibres of Arenga pinnata called ijuk is also used as thatched roof materials, usually used in Balinese temple roof. Sugar cane leaf roofs are used in Kikuyu tribal homes in Kenya, many indigenous people, such as the Maya, the Inca, and the Triple Alliance, lived in thatched buildings. Evidence of the complex buildings with fiber-based roofing material was not rediscovered until the early 2000s. French and British settlers built temporary thatched dwellings with local vegetation as soon as arrived in New France and New England. In most of England, thatch remained the only roofing material available to the bulk of the population in the countryside, in towns and villages. Commercial production of Welsh slate began in 1820, and the mobility provided by canals, gradually, thatch became a mark of poverty, and the number of thatched properties gradually declined, as did the number of professional thatchers. Thatch has become more popular in the UK over the past 30 years. Although thatch is popular in Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, parts of France, Sicily, Belgium and Ireland, good quality straw thatch can last for more than 50 years when applied by a skilled thatcher. Traditionally, a new layer of straw was simply applied over the surface. The straw is bundled into yelms before it is taken up to the roof and then is attached using staples, known as spars, almost all of these roofs are thatched with wheat, rye, or a maslin mixture of both. Medieval wheat grew to almost 6 feet tall in very poor soils and produced durable straw for the roof, technological change in the farming industry significantly affected the popularity of thatching. The availability of good quality thatching straw declined in England after the introduction of the harvester in the late 1930s and 1940s
Thatched
–
A thatched pub (The Williams Arms) at
Wrafton,
North Devon,
England
Thatched
–
Inside view of an
Inca roof in one of the few reconstructed buildings of
Machu Picchu
Thatched
–
Thatch Works on a house in Mecklenburg,
Germany
Thatched
–
Row of thatched houses near
Stralsund on
Rügen Island, Germany
22.
Weaving
–
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, felting, and braiding or plaiting, the longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth, cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth can also be using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-strap. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave, the majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves, plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain, or can be woven in decorative or artistic design, in general, weaving involves using a loom to interlace two sets of threads at right angles to each other, the warp which runs longitudinally and the weft that crosses it. One warp thread is called an end and one weft thread is called a pick, the warp threads are held taut and in parallel to each other, typically in a loom. There are many types of looms, Weaving can be summarized as a repetition of these three actions, also called the primary motion of the loom. Beating-up or battening, where the weft is pushed up against the fell of the cloth by the reed. The warp is divided into two overlapping groups, or lines that run in two planes, one another, so the shuttle can be passed between them in a straight motion. Then, the group is lowered by the loom mechanism. Repeating these actions form a fabric mesh but without beating-up, the distance between the adjacent wefts would be irregular and far too large. The warp-beam is a wooden or metal cylinder on the back of the loom on which the warp is delivered, the threads of the warp extend in parallel order from the warp-beam to the front of the loom where they are attached to the cloth-roll. Each thread or group of threads of the passes through an opening in a heddle. The warp threads are separated by the heddles into two or more groups, each controlled and automatically drawn up and down by the motion of the heddles, where a complex design is required, the healds are raised by harness cords attached to a Jacquard machine. Every time the harness moves up or down, an opening is made between the threads of warp, through which the pick is inserted, traditionally the weft thread is inserted by a shuttle. On a conventional loom, the thread is carried on a pirn. A handloom weaver could propel the shuttle by throwing it from side to side with the aid of a picking stick, the picking΅ on a power loom is done by rapidly hitting the shuttle from each side using an overpick or underpick mechanism controlled by cams 80-250 times a minute
Weaving
–
Warp and weft in
plain weaving
Weaving
–
A
satin weave, common for
silk, each warp thread floats over 16 weft threads.
Weaving
–
A woman weaving with a free-standing loom (type of hand loom)
Weaving
–
An Indian weaver preparing his warp on a pegged loom (another type of hand loom)
23.
Knitting
–
Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric. Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube, Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of rows of interlocking loops. Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine, different types of yarns, needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties. Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread, in weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise or crosswise. By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a path, forming symmetric loops symmetrically above. These meandering loops can be stretched in different directions giving knit fabrics much more elasticity than woven fabrics. Depending on the yarn and knitting pattern, knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%, for this reason, knitting was initially developed for garments that must be elastic or stretch in response to the wearers motions, such as socks and hosiery. Thread used in weaving is usually much finer than the used in knitting. If they are not secured, the loops of a course will come undone when their yarn is pulled. To secure a stitch, at least one new loop is passed through it, although the new stitch is itself unsecured, it secures the stitch suspended from it. A sequence of stitches in each stitch is suspended from the next is called a wale. To secure the initial stitches of a fabric, a method for casting on is used, to secure the final stitches in a wale. During knitting, the stitches are secured mechanically, either from individual hooks or from a knitting needle or frame in hand-knitting. There are two varieties of knitting, weft knitting and warp knitting. In the more common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the course of the yarn, in warp knitting, the wales and courses run roughly parallel. In weft knitting, the fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each wale in turn. By contrast, in warp knitting, one yarn is required for every wale, since a typical piece of knitted fabric may have hundreds of wales, warp knitting is typically done by machine, whereas weft knitting is done by both hand and machine
Knitting
–
Multi-colored knitwork made in
stockinette stitch.
Knitting
–
Basic pattern of warp knitting. Parallel yarns zigzag lengthwise along the fabric, each loop securing a loop of an adjacent strand from the previous row.
Knitting
–
A modern
knitting machine in the process of
weft knitting
Knitting
–
A dropped stitch, or missed stitch, is a common error that creates an extra loop to be fixed.
24.
Blacksmith
–
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut. Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, grilles, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils and weapons. The black in blacksmith refers to the black fire scale, a layer of oxides that forms on the surface of the metal during heating. The origin of smith is debated, it may come from the old English word smythe meaning to strike or it may have originated from the Proto-German smithaz meaning skilled worker. Blacksmiths work by heating pieces of iron or steel until the metal becomes soft enough for shaping with hand tools, such as a hammer, anvil. Heating generally takes place in a forge fueled by propane, natural gas, coal, charcoal, some modern blacksmiths may also employ an oxyacetylene or similar blowtorch for more localized heating. Induction heating methods are gaining popularity among modern blacksmiths, color is important for indicating the temperature and workability of the metal. As iron heats to higher temperatures, it first glows red, then orange, yellow, the ideal heat for most forging is the bright yellow-orange color that indicates forging heat. Because they must be able to see the color of the metal, some blacksmiths work in dim, low-light conditions. The key is to have consistent lighting, but not too bright, the techniques of smithing can be roughly divided into forging, welding, heat-treating, and finishing. Forging—the process smiths use to shape metal by hammering—differs from machining in that forging does not remove material, instead, the smith hammers the iron into shape. Even punching and cutting operations by smiths usually re-arrange metal around the hole, drawing lengthens the metal by reducing one or both of the other two dimensions. As the depth is reduced, or the width narrowed, the piece is lengthened or drawn out, as an example of drawing, a smith making a chisel might flatten a square bar of steel, lengthening the metal, reducing its depth but keeping its width consistent. Drawing does not have to be uniform, a taper can result as in making a wedge or a woodworking chisel blade. If tapered in two dimensions, a point results, drawing can be accomplished with a variety of tools and methods. Two typical methods using only hammer and anvil would be hammering on the anvil horn, another method for drawing is to use a tool called a fuller, or the peen of the hammer, to hasten the drawing out of a thick piece of metal. Fullering consists of hammering a series of indentations with corresponding ridges, the resulting effect looks somewhat like waves along the top of the piece. Then the smith turns the hammer over to use the face to hammer the tops of the ridges down level with the bottoms of the indentations
Blacksmith
–
A modern blacksmith at work.
Blacksmith
–
Traditional blacksmith next to his furnace of stone and brick
Blacksmith
–
Canadian blacksmith in the 1970s
Blacksmith
–
Blacksmith, 1606
25.
Edward Faragher
–
Edward Faragher was a Manx language poet, folklorist and cultural guardian. He is considered to be the last important native writer of Manx, Faragher is also familiarly known in Manx as Ned Beg Hom Ruy. Faragher was born into a family of twelve children in Cregneash. At this time Manx was the language spoken in Cregneash. His father was one of the few people in the village who could write and it was from his father, known as Ned Hom Ruy in Manx, that Faraghers familiar Manx name derives – with the Manx word for little being added, making it Ned Beg Hom Ruy. Faragher attended infants school in Port St Mary followed by the school of Kirk Christ Rushen. The rest of his education came from his parents, or else was self-taught, at a young age he began earning his living as a fisherman in his fathers boat. He was a fisherman for the seven years, then he moved to Liverpool to work in a safe-making factory. Faragher enjoyed himself in England, finding that his talent at composing verse proved to be popular with young women. In 1899 he would write of this time that, when I was living in England, I was often forced to stay at the house on Sunday afternoon because there were so many of them coming after me. And I was serving them all on the same plate and it was whilst in Liverpool, aged around 26, that Faragher began to write down his verse for the first time, having previously retained it only in his head. Although he enjoyed himself at first in Liverpool, after years in the city he eventually came to want to return to the Isle of Man. Faragher returned to Cregneash in around 1876, and earned a living fishing for mackerel at Kinsale, during this time he encountered rough storms and was even shipwrecked, narrowly surviving. In middle age he married and had children, despite the central place of alcohol and heavy drinking in the traditional way of life at that time, upon his return to the island Faragher took up abstinence. This started the greatest period of creative output in Faraghers life, as he would go on to write some 4,000 hymns or poems in Manx, also at this time his poetry expanded from the romantic and lyrical to include more contemplative and sacred topics. Despite his phenomenal output, Faraghers poetry and song received attention in his own community. Instead they tended to bring him only the jeers and derision of his uncultured companions, during the 1880s or 90s Faragher met the Manchester-based German folklorist, Charles Roeder. Roeder started up a correspondence with Faragher, sending him blank notebooks to fill with folklore yarns that he collected before sending them back
Edward Faragher
–
Edward Faragher outside his home in Cregneash
Edward Faragher
–
The
Calf of Man, at the South of the Isle of Man
Edward Faragher
–
Edward Faragher's home in Cregneash
Edward Faragher
–
Skeealyn 'sy Ghailck by Edward Faragher, first published in 1948
26.
Waking Ned
–
Waking Ned is a 1998 comedy film by English writer and director Kirk Jones. It stars Ian Bannen, David Kelly, and Fionnula Flanagan, Kelly was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild award for his role as Michael OSullivan. The film is set in Ireland but was filmed in the Isle of Man and it was produced by Canal+ and the British studio Tomboy Films and distributed by the American company Fox Searchlight Pictures. They obtain a list of customers from Mrs. Kennedy at the post office and invite the potential winners to a chicken dinner. He finds Ned in his home in front of the TV, still holding the ticket in his hand and that same night, Jackie has a dream that the deceased Ned wants to share the winnings with his friends, as he has no family to claim the ticket. Jackie wakes up after the dream, and before dawn, he, elsewhere in the village, Maggie OToole continues to spurn the romantic interests of her old flame, Pig Finn, a local pig farmer. Finn is convinced they belong together, as he thinks he is the father of her son Maurice, Finn has a rival in Pat Mulligan, also hoping to marry Maggie. Jackie and Michael call the National Lottery to make the claim, the inspector, Mr. Kelly, arrives to find Jackie on the beach and asks him for directions to Neds cottage. Jackie delays Kelly by taking him on a route while Michael races to the cottage on a motorcycle, completely naked. After discovering that the winnings are far greater than they anticipated, Jackie. All the villagers sign their name to a pact to participate in the ruse, except one—the local curmudgeon and she threatens to report the fraud in order to receive a ten-percent reward, and attempts to blackmail Jackie for £1 million of the winnings. Jackie agrees, but does not actually intend to pay her more than her fair share, the villagers go to great lengths to fool the inspector, even pretending Neds funeral is a service for Michael when the inspector wanders into the church. The inspector leaves, satisfied that the claim is legitimate, meanwhile, Quinn makes her way to the nearest working phone, a phone box outside the village on the edge of a cliff, and phones the lottery office. At the celebration, Jackie spots Maggie, who is content to marry Finn now that he has the money to give up pig farming, Maggie confides in him that Ned is Maurices real father, meaning that Maurice is technically entitled to the entire winnings. Jackie urges her to claim the fortune for Maurice, but she demurs, determined to keep the secret so that Maurice will have a father and the villagers will have their money. Finally, Jackie, Michael, Maurice, and several other villagers stand on a headland and raise their glasses to Ned, Jones originally developed the idea for Waking Ned as a roughly 10-minute short film, but later expanded the work into a full-length script. In a 2013 interview, Jones reflected, Investors responded to the humour and engaging story and came on board, I was grateful to the cast and crew who agreed to work for reduced fees in order to get the film made. When the film was finished, we put it in the boot of a car and drove to Cannes where we screened it and sold it to Fox Searchlight in the US, where it was released later that year
Waking Ned
–
UK DVD cover
27.
Ireland
–
Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time
Ireland
–
Satellite image of Ireland on 11 October 2010
Ireland
–
The
Gowran Ogham Stone,
Christianised c.6th Century. On display in
St. Mary's Collegiate Church Gowran.
Ireland
–
The Uragh Stone Circle a
Neolithic stone circle in Gleninchaquin Park,
County Kerry
28.
Stormbreaker (film)
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Stormbreaker is a 2006 action spy film directed by Geoffrey Sax. The screenplay by Anthony Horowitz is based on his novel of the same name, the film stars Alex Pettyfer as Alex Rider, and also stars Mickey Rourke, Bill Nighy, Sophie Okenedo, Alicia Silverstone, Sarah Bolger, Stephen Fry and Ewan McGregor. Stormbreaker was an international co-production between companies and financiers from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany, the films plot follows a teenage boy who is recruited by MI6 after his uncle, a secret agent, is killed in action. Intended to be the first entry in a franchise, Stormbreaker grossed between $20.7 and $23.9 million worldwide upon its theatrical release, thus failing to recoup its $40 million budget. According to Rotten Tomatoes, the film was criticised for its lack of originality and believability. As a result of factors, plans to produce further Alex Rider films were dropped. Alex Rider is a 14-year-old schoolboy who lives with his uncle Ian, Ian is supposedly a bank manager and is, much to Alexs regret, often away from home. One day, Alex is told that his uncle has died in a car crash, but quickly discovers that his uncle was in fact a spy working for MI6 and was murdered. He is then recruited by his uncles former employers, Alan Blunt and Mrs. Jones of the Special Operations Division of MI6, who explain to Alex that his uncle has been training him as a spy. Alex initially refuses to cooperate but agrees when they threaten to not renew the visa, Alex is then sent to a military training camp near Credenhill, the home of the Special Air Service. At first, his fellow trainees look down on him because of his age and he sets off on his first mission, aided by gadgets from Smithers. Billionaire Darrius Sayle is donating free high-powered computer systems codenamed Stormbreaker to every school in the United Kingdom, MI6 are suspicious of his seemingly generous plans and send Alex undercover as a competition winner to investigate. There, he meets Sayle himself and his two accomplices, Mr. Grin and Nadia Vole, and is shown the Stormbreaker computer in action. Later, while Alex is having dinner with Sayle, the suspicious Vole steals Alexs phone and she goes there and finds Alexs true identity, while there, she is disturbed by and consequently fights Jack. Despite being outclassed, Jack wins with the help of a blowfish and that night, Alex sneaks out of his bedroom window to observe a midnight delivery of mysterious containers to Sayles lair. The next day, Alex finds himself in trouble when his cover is blown, Sayle leaves Alex tied up and departs for the London Science Museum. Alex then hitches a ride on a Mil Mi-8 helicopter piloted by Mr. Grin, Alex parachutes out of the helicopter and lands just as the Prime Minister is about to press the button which will activate the computers. Alex uses a rifle to shoot the podium, which destroys the button, furious, Sayle leaves to carry out his back-up plan, and Alex, with the help of school friend Sabina Pleasure pursues Sayle through the streets of London
Stormbreaker (film)
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British release poster
Stormbreaker (film)
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The
United States poster showing the change of title from Stormbreaker to Alex Rider: Operation Stormbreaker.
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Keeping Mum
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Keeping Mum is a 2005 British black comedy film starring Rowan Atkinson, Kristin Scott Thomas, Maggie Smith and Patrick Swayze. In the opening scene, as pregnant young Rosie Jones rides on a train, when questioned by the police, she calmly reveals that the two dismembered bodies inside are of her unfaithful husband and his mistress. She is then sentenced by the judge to a unit for the criminally insane for manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Then everything changes with the arrival of the new housekeeper Grace, Grace resolves to solve these problems in her own way. She first kills Clarence the Jack Russell, and when his owner finds out that his dog has killed, she kills him. She sabotages the bullies bicycles, injuring one of them and thereby making Petey very happy and she catches the golf instructor outside the house one night, videotaping Holly undressing, and kills him with an iron. As the problems in the household seem to be gradually clearing, Grace is discovered when Gloria and Holly see her picture on the television in a news item mentioning her release and previous offences. It is then that Grace reveals that she is Glorias long-lost mother, Rosie Jones, Gloria argues that when having a problem with someone, one cannot just kill them. Grace remarks that this is the one thing she and her doctors could never agree on, despite their disagreements, Gloria tries to help Grace remove Lances body, but cannot face up to it. Over a cup of tea, the three women not to tell Walter or Petey any of what has happened. Mrs Parker, shocked by the attempt, has a heart attack. Walter returns from the convention just then and sees Mrs Parkers body, soon after this, Grace leaves the family when order seems to be restored among them. At the end of the film, Walter is talking to Bob and Ted and they say that there is too much algae and the pond needs to be drained. Remembering that Grace disposed of her victims in the pond, Gloria, with a disturbingly cheerful expression, the film closes with an underwater shot depicting the bodies that had been placed in the pond, including the recently added bodies of Bob and Ted. Patrick Monckton as Bob Rowley Irlam as Ted Vivienne Moore as Mrs Martin Filming began in February 2005, the main filming location was in the village of St Michael Penkevil in Cornwall. Locations on the Isle of Man were used for all filming outside the village, the outer shots of the train is on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, the scene with the car going over a small bridge with the train going over another is just outside Goathland. Domestic Total Gross, $1,619,466 Distributor, ThinkFilm Release Date, September 15,2006 Genre, MPAA Rating, R Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 56% of critics gave the film positive write-ups, based on 85 reviews. At the similar website Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to each review, the film has received an average score of 53, based on 22 reviews
Keeping Mum
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Theatrical release poster
30.
Culture Vannin
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Culture Vannin is the trading name for the Manx Heritage Foundation, established in 1982 by the Isle of Man Government to promote Manx culture, heritage and language. Culture Vannins motto is Taking our culture forward and it is chaired by Chris Thomas MHK. Johns, opposite Tynwald Hill and next to Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, having announced plans for this relocation in June 2015, Culture Vannin opened its doors to the public at Fairfield House on Tynwald Day 2016. It was previously located at The Nunnery, Douglas, examples of key work carried out by the Foundation includes, The awarding of Reih Bleeaney Vanannan in recognition of an outstanding contribution to Manx culture. This has been awarded annually since 1987, support of events that celebrate the Manx language, music and dance, including, Shennaghys Jiu, Yn Chruinnaght, Cooish and Bree. The publication or support for publication of a number of books, commissioning and supporting a number of oral history projects
Culture Vannin
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Culture Vannin
