1.
Isle of Man
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The Isle of Man, also known simply as Mann, is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann, the Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government, the island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, in 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles, magnus III, King of Norway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103. In 1266, the became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the short form often used in English, Mann, is derived from the Manx Mannin, though sometimes the name is written as Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is Manu or Mana, the Old Irish form of the name is Manau or Mano. Old Welsh records named it as Manaw, also reflected in Manaw Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The oldest known reference to the calls it Mona, in Latin, in the 1st century CE, Pliny the Elder records it as Monapia or Monabia. Later Latin references have Mevania or Mænavia, and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers and it is found in the Sagas of Icelanders as Mön. The name is cognate with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn, usually derived from a Celtic word for mountain. The name was at least secondarily associated with that of Manannán mac Lir in Irish mythology, later, a Manannán is recorded as the first king of Mann in a Manx poem. The island was cut off from the islands around 8000 BC. The first residents were hunter gatherers and fishermen, examples of their tools are kept at the Manx Museum. There were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures, during the Bronze Age, burial mounds became smaller. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves with ornamental containers, the Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside. The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it Insula Manavia although it is whether they conquered the island
2.
Ordnance Survey National Grid
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The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude. It is often called British National Grid, the Ordnance Survey devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data, and in maps based on those surveys. Grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources. The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system is used to provide references for worldwide locations. European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System system, the grid is based on the OSGB36 datum, and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War Two, had issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain, more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the GPS, the British maps adopt a Transverse Mercator projection with an origin at 49° N, 2° W. Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin. This false origin is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly, the distortion created between the OS grid and the projection is countered by a scale factor in the longitude to create two lines of longitude with zero distortion rather than one. Grid north and true north are aligned on the 400 km easting of the grid which is 2° W. 2° 0′ 5″ W. OSGB36 was also used by Admiralty nautical charts until 2000 after which WGS84 has been used, a geodetic transformation between OSGB36 and other terrestrial reference systems can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true, the definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN02. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy, the difference between the coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB36 are the same as for WGS84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall, the WGS84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB36 equivalents, the smallest datum shift is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent. But Great Britain has not shrunk by 100+ metres, a point near Lands End now computes to be 27.6 metres closer to a point near Duncansby Head than it did under OSGB36. For the first letter, the grid is divided into squares of size 500 km by 500 km, there are four of these which contain significant land area within Great Britain, S, T, N and H. The O square contains an area of North Yorkshire, almost all of which lies below mean high tide
3.
Captain of the Parish
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The Captain of the Parish is an official in each parish in the Isle of Man—formerly the title was Captain of the Parish Militia, but it is now only a titular honour. Historically the Captain of the Parish was authorised to raise his own militia in his parish and had the duty to light beacons informing the parish of an invasion, a Captain of the Parish is referred to by the prenominal title Captain. A person may hold the Captaincy of more than one parish at any one time, the title is held until death, unless it is removed for bad conduct, which has not occurred for many centuries. Although Onchan and Michael are now Districts for local authority purposes, the equivalent title for towns is Captain of the Town, however this title is no longer used
4.
Rushen
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Rushen, formerly Kirk Christ Rushen, is a parish in the sheading of the same name in the Isle of Man. The parish is a fishing and agricultural district at the south-westernmost point of the island, the parish is one of three in the sheading of Rushen. The other two are Arbory and Malew, Rushen parish includes the south-western extremity of the island, together with the Calf of Man along its rocky outcrops Kitterland and Chicken Rock, and contains an area of about 10 square miles. The principal headlands are Port St Mary Point, Black Head, Spanish Head, and Bradda Head, and the inlets are Port St Mary Bay, Perwick Bay, Bay Stacka, Port Erin Bay. Cregneash is a village and folk museum near Mull Hill. The Isle of Man census 2006 lists the population of the parish as 1,591, the local authority is Rushen Parish Commissioners who meet at Ballafesson Hall. Rushen Parish Commissioners GeoHive Census Information Constituency maps and general election results
5.
Local government in the Isle of Man
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Local government in the Isle of Man was formerly based on six sheadings, which were divided into seventeen parishes. The sheadings are now significant only as, the districts of the Coroners, the origins of the term sheading are unclear. There are three possibilities, from the Norse word skeid – meaning ship-assembly, with each sheading providing men for a warship. From a Celtic word meaning sixth part – with the sheadings having been a 14th-century Scottish introduction, from the Middle English word for an administrative division, scheding – with the sheadings having been introduced following English rule in the late 14th century. The parishes have ecclesiastical roots, and are thought to have introduced to the island in the 11th century from Scotland. Parish boundaries broadly followed physical features such as rivers and watersheds, for example, a mill and its croft, located on the west bank of a river, could be included in the adjoining parish east of the river by a loop in the boundary. However, the Act was not adopted by any of the towns, the boundaries of the town districts have been extended over time to incorporate new developments. In 1989 the office of alderman was abolished, leaving the council composed of the mayor, the 18 councillors are elected from 6 wards, each for a four-year term expiring on 1 May 2012,2016, and so on. The mayor is elected annually by the councillors, usually from their own number, although there are no longer any aldermen, the corporations legal title is unchanged. As its name implies, it is a corporate. The Public Health Act 1884 permitted the creation of elected sanitary authorities for sanitary districts, Port Erin was the only sanitary district so defined. The Local Government Act 1886 provided for elected boards of Village Commissioners, the existing sanitary authority of Port Erin became a board of Commissioners. Port St Mary was created a district in 1890, Laxey and Onchan in 1895. In 1986 the existing district and parish district of Onchan were merged to form a local government district of Onchan under a single body of Commissioners. In 1989 the village district and parish district of Michael were similarly merged, the new districts are village districts. As noted above, Onchan and Michael parish districts have since amalgamated with the corresponding village districts. In 2016 the village district of Laxey and the districts of Lonan. In 1938 the Local Government Board was empowered to create a board consisting of members of two or more local authorities to exercise specified functions of those authorities
6.
Rushen (sheading)
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Rushen is a sheading in the Isle of Man. The sheading comprises the southernmost portion of the island and it includes the parishes of Rushen, Arbory and Malew. The only village of any size in the sheading is Ballasalla, the sheading also includes Ronaldsway airport and the South Barrule. The town of Castletown and the villages of Port Erin and Port St Mary are geographically in the sheading, the House of Keys constituency of Rushen covers the parishes of Rushen and Arbory. George Broderick, Placenames of the Isle of Man, Volume Six, Sheading of Rushen
7.
Crown dependencies
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The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. Being independently administered jurisdictions, they do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories and they are self-governing possessions of the Crown. Internationally, the dependencies are considered territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible rather than as sovereign states, as a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, they do have a relationship with the Commonwealth, the European Union and they are not part of the European Union, although they are within the EUs customs area. In each case, the head of government is referred to as a Chief Minister, the Crown is defined differently in each crown dependency. Legislation of the Isle of Man defines the Crown in right of the Isle of Man as being separate from the Crown in right of the United Kingdom and this constitutional concept is also worded as the Crown in right of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Each Bailiwick is a Crown dependency and each is headed by a Bailiff, each Bailiwick has its own legal and healthcare systems, and their own separate immigration policies, with local status in one Bailiwick having no jurisdiction in the other. The two Bailiwicks exercise bilateral double taxation treaties, since 1961, the Bailiwicks have had separate courts of appeal, but generally the Bailiff of each Bailiwick has been appointed to serve on the panel of appellate judges for the other Bailiwick. The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises three separate jurisdictions, Guernsey, which also the nearby islands of Herm and Jethou. Sark, which includes the nearby island of Brecqhou. Alderney, including smaller surrounding uninhabited islands, the parliament of Guernsey is the States of Deliberation, the parliament of Sark is called the Chief Pleas, and the parliament of Alderney is called the States of Alderney. The three parliaments together can also approve joint Bailiwick-wide legislation that applies in those parts of the Bailiwick whose parliaments approve it. Guernsey issues its own coins and banknotes, Guernsey banknotes Coins of the Guernsey pound These circulate freely in both Bailiwicks alongside UK coinage and English and Scottish banknotes and they are not legal tender within the UK. There are no parties in any of the parliaments, candidates stand for election as independents. e. 5432 on 2 wheels and on 4 wheels, the Bailiwick of Jersey consists of the island of Jersey and a number of surrounding uninhabited islands. The parliament is the States of Jersey, the first known mention of which is in a document of 1497, Jersey issues its own coins and banknotes, Jersey banknotes Coins of the Jersey pound These circulate freely in both Bailiwicks alongside UK coinage and English and Scottish banknotes. They are not legal tender within the UK but are legal currency backed by deposits at the Bank of England, there are few political parties, as candidates generally stand for election as independents. The Isle of Mans Tynwald claims to be the worlds oldest parliament in continuous existence, candidates often stand for election as independents, rather than being selected by political parties
8.
Postcodes in the United Kingdom
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Postal codes used in the United Kingdom are known as postcodes. They are alphanumeric and were adopted nationally between 11 October 1959 and 1974, having been devised by the GPO, a full postcode is known as a postcode unit and designates an area with a number of addresses or a single major delivery point. For example, the postcode of the University of Roehampton in London is SW15 5PU, the postcode of GCHQ is GL51 0EX, where GL signifies the postal town of Gloucester. The postal town refers to an area and does not relate to a specific town. GL51 is one of the postcodes for the town of Cheltenham which is where GCHQ is located, the London post town covers 40% of Greater London. On inception it was divided into ten districts, EC, WC, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W. The S and NE sectors were later abolished and these divisions changed little, usually only changed for operational efficiency. Some older road signs in Hackney still indicate the North East sector/district, following the successful introduction of postal districts in London, the system was extended to other large towns and cities. Liverpool was divided into Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western districts in 1864/65, in 1917 Dublin – then still part of the United Kingdom – was divided into numbered postal districts. These continue in use in a form by An Post. In 1923 Glasgow was divided in a way to London. In January 1932 the Postmaster General approved the designation of some urban areas into numbered districts. In November 1934 the Post Office announced the introduction of numbered districts in every town in the United Kingdom large enough to justify it. Pamphlets were issued to each householder and business in ten areas notifying them of the number of the district in which their premises lay, the pamphlets included a map of the districts, and copies were made available at local head post offices. The public were invited to include the district number in the address at the head of letters. A publicity campaign in the following year encouraged the use of the district numbers, the slogan for the campaign was For speed and certainty always use a postal district number on your letters and notepaper. A poster was fixed to every box in the affected areas bearing the number of the district. Every post office in the district was also to display this information
9.
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
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Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK governments Office of Communications. For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, since 28 April 2001, almost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code. All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national numbers after the 0 trunk code, regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number portion has more digits. Local customer numbers are four to eight figures long, the total number of digits is ten, but in a very few areas the total may be nine digits. The area code is referred to as an STD or a dialling code in the UK. The code allocated to the largest population is for London, the code allocated to the largest area is for all of Northern Ireland. The UK Numbering Plan also applies to three British Crown dependencies—Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man—even though they are not part of the UK itself. Possible number formats for UK telephone numbers are as follows, Number ranges starting 01 can have NSN length as 10 or 9 digits, the 0800 range can have NSN length as 10,9 or 7 digits. The 0845 range can have NSN length as 10 or 7 digits, the 0500 range has NSN length as 9 digits only. There are no numbers in the UK with an NSN length of 8 digits. Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits, four-digit area codes have either six-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of five- and six-digit subscriber numbers. Xxxxxx This is the used by most areas. It has an area code and a six digit subscriber number. These area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Just short of 581 areas use this format, and the area range from 01200 to 01998. A small number of areas also have a few subscriber numbers that have only five digits. That is, almost all area codes now have only six digit local numbers, six of the four-digit area codes are known as mixed areas as they share those four digits with the twelve five-digit area codes. The numbers therefore have only nine digits after the initial zero trunk code and these area codes were changed by adding a 1 directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995
10.
Isle of Man Constabulary
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The Isle of Man Constabulary is the national police service of the Isle of Man, an island of 80,000 inhabitants, situated approximately equidistant from Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England. The force has about 236 officers in its establishment, as the Isle of Man is not a part of the United Kingdom, the Constabulary is responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs of the Isle of Man Government. Nevertheless, the service volunteers itself for inspection by Her Majestys Inspectorate of Constabulary for England, the force is split into five neighbourhood policing teams. Northern NPT covers the North of the island, Ramsey, Andreas, Bride, Ballaugh, Lezayre, Maughold, western NPT covers Patrick, German, Michael, and Peel. Southern NPT covers the airport, Ballasalla, Castletown, Port St Mary, eastern NPT covers Braddan, Laxey, Lonan, and Onchan. Douglas NPT covers the borough of Douglas, each NPT is controlled by an inspector who has established a partnership with the local community to help solve issues affecting the local area. A major event for the force is the annual TT races, the constabularys headquarters are in Douglas. The present Chief Constable is Gary Roberts, in terms of uniform, the force looks very similar to police in the United Kingdom, apart from the custodian helmets worn by male constables and sergeants. White helmets were introduced in 1960 as an alternative to the older black helmets. White helmets were used as an option in other police forces. The white helmet is now year round by officers on foot patrol. Officers on mobile patrol tend to wear peaked caps, officers of the rank of sergeant and above may carry a signalling stick when on foot patrol. This is in effect an additional rank indicator, until very recently constables acting up in the rank of sergeant were referred to as carrying the stick. If the acting was only short term, the stick was often the only indicator of their additional responsibilities, there are usually one superintendent and three chief inspectors, who take responsibility, respectively, for local neighbourhood policing, island-wide policing, and motorsport policing. The last of these covers the TT races and associated motorsports activities
11.
Fire services in the United Kingdom
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The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover is provided by over fifty fire and rescue services, many FRS were previously known as brigades or county fire services, but almost all now use the standard terminology. They are distinct from and governed by an authority, which is the legislative, public and administrative body. Fire authorities in England and Wales, and therefore fire and rescue services, Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire and rescue services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion. The devolved government in Scotland has an agency, HMFSI Scotland. This Act provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain,1947, Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire,1959, Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act, it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act,1999, Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2002, there was a series of fire strikes. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the action still ongoing. Bains report ultimately led to a change in the relating to firefighting. 2002, Independent Review of the Fire Service published 2004, Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, generally only applying to England and it came into force on 1 October 2006. The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises,2006, The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on Fire, promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation. But does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries, There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association. The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a House of Commons select committee, in June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office, Fire Control On 8 February 2010 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project. Called to give evidence were Cllr Brian Coleman and Cllr James Pearson from the Local Government Association, also giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association
12.
Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
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The service operates under the Department of Home Affairs. The Isle of Man received its first two engines from England in October 1803. These were independently operated by a company, and were horse-drawn. In the late nineteenth century legislation was introduced permitting town commissioners to establish local fire brigades, the Peel commissioners did so in 1884, followed by Port Erin in 1903 and Laxey in 1920. Some larger settlements, such as Ramsey and Douglas, had entered into arrangements with the military or with the privately owned insurance company fire brigades. The outbreak of war brought calls for a fire brigade. These fire areas are the same today, the service is headed by a Chief Fire Officer, and has a rank structure based on that of the United Kingdom. This service cooperates closely with the Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service, for joint operational purposes, and for the assigning of radio call signs to appliances, the airport fire station is known as station 9. Isle of Man Ambulance Service Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps Isle of Man Coastguard Isle of Man Constabulary Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service http, //www. gov. im/dha/fire/ http, //www. iomfire. com/
13.
House of Keys constituencies
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The constituencies used for the 1986,1991,1996,2001,2006 and 2011 General Elections for the House of Keys were, Garff and Ayre became one seat constituencies, having previously each had two seats. Onchan constituency was created, having been part of Middle constituency. Middle constituency was created from the parishes of Marown and Braddan, Malew and Santon constituency was created from the parishes of Malew, and Santon. Ramsey gained a seat to become a two seat constituency. The constituencies are not currently known that were used for the 1924,1929,1934,1946,1951,1956,1962,1966,1971,1976,1981 General Elections and these were used for the 1903,1908,1913 and 1919 General Elections. The original constituencies were altered by the Redistribution Act 1893 to the following, These were used for the 1867,1875, and 1881 General Elections
14.
Rushen (constituency)
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Not to be confused with Rushen or Rushen. Rushen is a House of Keys constituency in the south of the Isle of Man which incorporates most of the parish of Rushen together with the districts of Port Erin. Until 2016 the constituency covered the whole of the sheading of Rushen except for the parish of Malew and the town of Castletown, in 2016 the constituency boundaries were redrawn. This constituency lost the parish of Arbory and a part of the parish of Rushen and now consists of most of the parish of Rushen, plus the village districts of Port Erin. Constituency maps and general election results
15.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
16.
Port Erin
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Port Erin is a seaside village in the south of the Isle of Man. Today, a marker buoy shows the extent of the breakwater, to the north-east, by the A7 road, are the earthwork remains of a motte and bailey castle known as Cronk Howe Mooar, possibly the site of a timber fortification built by Magnus Barelegs c. The steam railway station forms the terminus of the Isle of Man Railway. More recent developments have seen the platform shortened and a carriage shed constructed in the yard, prior to this the rolling stock was stored in the open. 00pm. Some of these use an alternative coastal route. The route is the islands busiest, partially because it calls at the islands airport, a late evening service also operates on Friday and Saturday evenings, called the Night Owl, which charges higher fares. There is a coach storage car park to the rear of the station, formerly occupied by Tours Limited. A number of taxi services operate from the village into the later hours. The beach is sandy and is bounded by two headlands which funnel the prevailing westerly wind towards the village, on sunny days, the bay acts as a suntrap. One headland, Bradda Head, has a tower called Milners Tower. The town is famed for its views including spectacular sunsets over Port Erin Bay and Bradda Head, to the rear of the church lies the villages branch of the Royal British Legion in the same cluster of buildings. Found on the outskirts of the village on the road to Port St Mary, another modern build small church with its own parking area. It is dedicated to St Columba and was established as late as 1989 when the building was constructed in simple format, fish Hatchery a building in the outer harbour close to the wrecked breakwater, this was home to a University of Liverpool Marine Biology department which closed in 2006. Milners Tower the distinctive keyhole-shaped building that stands on top of Bradda Head, Police Station the Police Station closed in 2014, and is no longer manned. The closest manned Police Station in the south of the island is in Castletown, a public desk is located here. One of the famous residents in recent years was Formula 1 racing driver Nigel Mansell. An episode of the BBC documentary marking 20 years since the end of trains in the U. K. The Train Now Departing filmed extensive scenes in and around the station, the village has also featured in the holiday series Wish You Were Here
17.
Manx Loaghtan
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The Manx Loaghtan is a breed of sheep native to the Isle of Man. It is sometimes spelled as Loaghtyn or Loghtan, the sheep have dark brown wool and usually four or occasionally six horns. The Manx Loaghtan is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep breeds and descends from the primitive sheep once found throughout Scotland, the Hebrides, the word Loaghtan comes from the Manx words lugh dhoan, which mean mouse-brown and describes the colour of the sheep. This breed is raised for its meat, which some consider a delicacy. The meat has recently received EU recognition and protection under the Protected Designation of Origin scheme, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust has characterized the Loaghtan as at risk. By the 1950s there were only 43 surviving specimens, Manx National Heritage developed two healthy flocks. These have given rise to commercial flocks on the Isle of Man, even so, today there are still fewer than 1,500 registered breeding females in the United Kingdom. The Manx Loaghtan is a sheep, with no wool on their dark brown faces. The sheep have short tails and are fine boned, in the past century the sheeps colour has stabilized as Moorit, that is shades between fawn and dark reddish brown, though the colour bleaches in the sun. Manx Loaghtan usually have four horns but individuals are found with two or six horns. The horns are small on the ewes but larger and stronger on the males. An adult female weighs about 40 kg, and a male about a third more. Meat Loaghtan is farmed as a delicacy on the Isle of Man, there are now many holdings on the UK mainland that also breed Loaghtans, including some farms with over 100 ewes – for example the Fowlescombe Flock in Devon. This gourmet meat is prized, often being sold as hoggett or mutton from well-finished animals. A 15-month-old will yield a carcass of 18 kg of lean, there is a large flock of the sheep on the Calf of Man and access to the island was closed to protect them during the 2001 UK Foot and Mouth Disease epidemic. The disease did not reach the island, which continued exports of the meat to the continent of Europe, the breed is listed in the Ark of Taste, an international catalogue of endangered heritage foods that the global Slow Food movement maintains. Wool Craft spinners and weavers like the wool for its softness, the crafters use the un-dyed material to produce woolens and tweeds. The wool from Jerseys flock of Loaghtans is sold locally, the Loaghtans wool has a high coating of lanolin wax, also known as wool wax or wool grease
18.
Victorian era
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The Victorian era was the period of Queen Victorias reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities. Some scholars date the beginning of the period in terms of sensibilities, the era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period. The later half of the Victorian age roughly coincided with the first part of the Belle Époque era of continental Europe, culturally there was a transition away from the rationalism of the Georgian period and toward romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts. The end of the saw the Boer War. Domestically, the agenda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in the direction of political reform, industrial reform. Two especially important figures in period of British history are the prime ministers Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone. Disraeli, favoured by the queen, was a gregarious Conservative and his rival Gladstone, a Liberal distrusted by the Queen, served more terms and oversaw much of the overall legislative development of the era. The population of England and Wales almost doubled from 16.8 million in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901, Scotlands population also rose rapidly, from 2.8 million in 1851 to 4.4 million in 1901. However, Irelands population decreased sharply, from 8.2 million in 1841 to less than 4.5 million in 1901, mostly due to the Great Famine. Between 1837 and 1901 about 15 million emigrants departed the UK permanently, in search of a life in the United States, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia. During the early part of the era, politics in the House of Commons involved battles between the two parties, the Whigs/Liberals and the Conservatives. These parties were led by such prominent statesmen as Lord Melbourne, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Derby, Lord Palmerston, Gladstone, Disraeli, Victoria became queen in 1837 at age 18. Her long reign until 1901 was mainly a time of peace, Britain reached the zenith of its economic, political, diplomatic and cultural power. The era saw the expansion of the second British Empire, Historians have characterised the mid-Victorian era as Britains Golden Years. There was prosperity, as the income per person grew by half. There was peace abroad, and social peace at home, opposition to the new order melted away, says Porter. The Chartist movement peaked as a movement among the working class in 1848, its leaders moved to other pursuits, such as trade unions
19.
Thatching
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Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge, rushes, heather, or Palm fronds, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. Since the bulk of the vegetation stays dry, and is densely packed - trapping air - thatching also functions as a quite significant insulation material and it is a very old roofing method and has been used in both tropical and temperate climates. Thatch is still employed by builders in developing countries, usually with low-cost, in some equatorial countries, thatch is the prevalent local material for roofs, and often walls. There are diverse building techniques from the ancient Hawaiian hale shelter made from the local ti leaves, Palm leaves are also often used. For example, in Na Bure, Fiji, thatchers combine fan palm leave roofs with layered reed walls, feathered palm leaf roofs are used in Dominica. Alang-alang thatched roofs are used in Hawaii and Bali, in Southeast Asia, mangrove nipa palm leaves are used as thatched roof material known as attap dwelling. In Bali, Indonesia, the fibres of Arenga pinnata called ijuk is also used as thatched roof materials, usually used in Balinese temple roof. Sugar cane leaf roofs are used in Kikuyu tribal homes in Kenya, many indigenous people, such as the Maya, the Inca, and the Triple Alliance, lived in thatched buildings. Evidence of the complex buildings with fiber-based roofing material was not rediscovered until the early 2000s. French and British settlers built temporary thatched dwellings with local vegetation as soon as arrived in New France and New England. In most of England, thatch remained the only roofing material available to the bulk of the population in the countryside, in towns and villages. Commercial production of Welsh slate began in 1820, and the mobility provided by canals, gradually, thatch became a mark of poverty, and the number of thatched properties gradually declined, as did the number of professional thatchers. Thatch has become more popular in the UK over the past 30 years. Although thatch is popular in Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, parts of France, Sicily, Belgium and Ireland, good quality straw thatch can last for more than 50 years when applied by a skilled thatcher. Traditionally, a new layer of straw was simply applied over the surface. The straw is bundled into yelms before it is taken up to the roof and then is attached using staples, known as spars, almost all of these roofs are thatched with wheat, rye, or a maslin mixture of both. Medieval wheat grew to almost 6 feet tall in very poor soils and produced durable straw for the roof, technological change in the farming industry significantly affected the popularity of thatching. The availability of good quality thatching straw declined in England after the introduction of the harvester in the late 1930s and 1940s
20.
Weaving
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Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, felting, and braiding or plaiting, the longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth, cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth can also be using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-strap. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave, the majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves, plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain, or can be woven in decorative or artistic design, in general, weaving involves using a loom to interlace two sets of threads at right angles to each other, the warp which runs longitudinally and the weft that crosses it. One warp thread is called an end and one weft thread is called a pick, the warp threads are held taut and in parallel to each other, typically in a loom. There are many types of looms, Weaving can be summarized as a repetition of these three actions, also called the primary motion of the loom. Beating-up or battening, where the weft is pushed up against the fell of the cloth by the reed. The warp is divided into two overlapping groups, or lines that run in two planes, one another, so the shuttle can be passed between them in a straight motion. Then, the group is lowered by the loom mechanism. Repeating these actions form a fabric mesh but without beating-up, the distance between the adjacent wefts would be irregular and far too large. The warp-beam is a wooden or metal cylinder on the back of the loom on which the warp is delivered, the threads of the warp extend in parallel order from the warp-beam to the front of the loom where they are attached to the cloth-roll. Each thread or group of threads of the passes through an opening in a heddle. The warp threads are separated by the heddles into two or more groups, each controlled and automatically drawn up and down by the motion of the heddles, where a complex design is required, the healds are raised by harness cords attached to a Jacquard machine. Every time the harness moves up or down, an opening is made between the threads of warp, through which the pick is inserted, traditionally the weft thread is inserted by a shuttle. On a conventional loom, the thread is carried on a pirn. A handloom weaver could propel the shuttle by throwing it from side to side with the aid of a picking stick, the picking΅ on a power loom is done by rapidly hitting the shuttle from each side using an overpick or underpick mechanism controlled by cams 80-250 times a minute
21.
Knitting
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Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric. Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube, Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of rows of interlocking loops. Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine, different types of yarns, needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties. Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread, in weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise or crosswise. By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a path, forming symmetric loops symmetrically above. These meandering loops can be stretched in different directions giving knit fabrics much more elasticity than woven fabrics. Depending on the yarn and knitting pattern, knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%, for this reason, knitting was initially developed for garments that must be elastic or stretch in response to the wearers motions, such as socks and hosiery. Thread used in weaving is usually much finer than the used in knitting. If they are not secured, the loops of a course will come undone when their yarn is pulled. To secure a stitch, at least one new loop is passed through it, although the new stitch is itself unsecured, it secures the stitch suspended from it. A sequence of stitches in each stitch is suspended from the next is called a wale. To secure the initial stitches of a fabric, a method for casting on is used, to secure the final stitches in a wale. During knitting, the stitches are secured mechanically, either from individual hooks or from a knitting needle or frame in hand-knitting. There are two varieties of knitting, weft knitting and warp knitting. In the more common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the course of the yarn, in warp knitting, the wales and courses run roughly parallel. In weft knitting, the fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each wale in turn. By contrast, in warp knitting, one yarn is required for every wale, since a typical piece of knitted fabric may have hundreds of wales, warp knitting is typically done by machine, whereas weft knitting is done by both hand and machine
22.
Blacksmith
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A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut. Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, grilles, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils and weapons. The black in blacksmith refers to the black fire scale, a layer of oxides that forms on the surface of the metal during heating. The origin of smith is debated, it may come from the old English word smythe meaning to strike or it may have originated from the Proto-German smithaz meaning skilled worker. Blacksmiths work by heating pieces of iron or steel until the metal becomes soft enough for shaping with hand tools, such as a hammer, anvil. Heating generally takes place in a forge fueled by propane, natural gas, coal, charcoal, some modern blacksmiths may also employ an oxyacetylene or similar blowtorch for more localized heating. Induction heating methods are gaining popularity among modern blacksmiths, color is important for indicating the temperature and workability of the metal. As iron heats to higher temperatures, it first glows red, then orange, yellow, the ideal heat for most forging is the bright yellow-orange color that indicates forging heat. Because they must be able to see the color of the metal, some blacksmiths work in dim, low-light conditions. The key is to have consistent lighting, but not too bright, the techniques of smithing can be roughly divided into forging, welding, heat-treating, and finishing. Forging—the process smiths use to shape metal by hammering—differs from machining in that forging does not remove material, instead, the smith hammers the iron into shape. Even punching and cutting operations by smiths usually re-arrange metal around the hole, drawing lengthens the metal by reducing one or both of the other two dimensions. As the depth is reduced, or the width narrowed, the piece is lengthened or drawn out, as an example of drawing, a smith making a chisel might flatten a square bar of steel, lengthening the metal, reducing its depth but keeping its width consistent. Drawing does not have to be uniform, a taper can result as in making a wedge or a woodworking chisel blade. If tapered in two dimensions, a point results, drawing can be accomplished with a variety of tools and methods. Two typical methods using only hammer and anvil would be hammering on the anvil horn, another method for drawing is to use a tool called a fuller, or the peen of the hammer, to hasten the drawing out of a thick piece of metal. Fullering consists of hammering a series of indentations with corresponding ridges, the resulting effect looks somewhat like waves along the top of the piece. Then the smith turns the hammer over to use the face to hammer the tops of the ridges down level with the bottoms of the indentations
23.
Edward Faragher
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Edward Faragher was a Manx language poet, folklorist and cultural guardian. He is considered to be the last important native writer of Manx, Faragher is also familiarly known in Manx as Ned Beg Hom Ruy. Faragher was born into a family of twelve children in Cregneash. At this time Manx was the language spoken in Cregneash. His father was one of the few people in the village who could write and it was from his father, known as Ned Hom Ruy in Manx, that Faraghers familiar Manx name derives – with the Manx word for little being added, making it Ned Beg Hom Ruy. Faragher attended infants school in Port St Mary followed by the school of Kirk Christ Rushen. The rest of his education came from his parents, or else was self-taught, at a young age he began earning his living as a fisherman in his fathers boat. He was a fisherman for the seven years, then he moved to Liverpool to work in a safe-making factory. Faragher enjoyed himself in England, finding that his talent at composing verse proved to be popular with young women. In 1899 he would write of this time that, when I was living in England, I was often forced to stay at the house on Sunday afternoon because there were so many of them coming after me. And I was serving them all on the same plate and it was whilst in Liverpool, aged around 26, that Faragher began to write down his verse for the first time, having previously retained it only in his head. Although he enjoyed himself at first in Liverpool, after years in the city he eventually came to want to return to the Isle of Man. Faragher returned to Cregneash in around 1876, and earned a living fishing for mackerel at Kinsale, during this time he encountered rough storms and was even shipwrecked, narrowly surviving. In middle age he married and had children, despite the central place of alcohol and heavy drinking in the traditional way of life at that time, upon his return to the island Faragher took up abstinence. This started the greatest period of creative output in Faraghers life, as he would go on to write some 4,000 hymns or poems in Manx, also at this time his poetry expanded from the romantic and lyrical to include more contemplative and sacred topics. Despite his phenomenal output, Faraghers poetry and song received attention in his own community. Instead they tended to bring him only the jeers and derision of his uncultured companions, during the 1880s or 90s Faragher met the Manchester-based German folklorist, Charles Roeder. Roeder started up a correspondence with Faragher, sending him blank notebooks to fill with folklore yarns that he collected before sending them back
24.
Waking Ned
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Waking Ned is a 1998 comedy film by English writer and director Kirk Jones. It stars Ian Bannen, David Kelly, and Fionnula Flanagan, Kelly was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild award for his role as Michael OSullivan. The film is set in Ireland but was filmed in the Isle of Man and it was produced by Canal+ and the British studio Tomboy Films and distributed by the American company Fox Searchlight Pictures. They obtain a list of customers from Mrs. Kennedy at the post office and invite the potential winners to a chicken dinner. He finds Ned in his home in front of the TV, still holding the ticket in his hand and that same night, Jackie has a dream that the deceased Ned wants to share the winnings with his friends, as he has no family to claim the ticket. Jackie wakes up after the dream, and before dawn, he, elsewhere in the village, Maggie OToole continues to spurn the romantic interests of her old flame, Pig Finn, a local pig farmer. Finn is convinced they belong together, as he thinks he is the father of her son Maurice, Finn has a rival in Pat Mulligan, also hoping to marry Maggie. Jackie and Michael call the National Lottery to make the claim, the inspector, Mr. Kelly, arrives to find Jackie on the beach and asks him for directions to Neds cottage. Jackie delays Kelly by taking him on a route while Michael races to the cottage on a motorcycle, completely naked. After discovering that the winnings are far greater than they anticipated, Jackie. All the villagers sign their name to a pact to participate in the ruse, except one—the local curmudgeon and she threatens to report the fraud in order to receive a ten-percent reward, and attempts to blackmail Jackie for £1 million of the winnings. Jackie agrees, but does not actually intend to pay her more than her fair share, the villagers go to great lengths to fool the inspector, even pretending Neds funeral is a service for Michael when the inspector wanders into the church. The inspector leaves, satisfied that the claim is legitimate, meanwhile, Quinn makes her way to the nearest working phone, a phone box outside the village on the edge of a cliff, and phones the lottery office. At the celebration, Jackie spots Maggie, who is content to marry Finn now that he has the money to give up pig farming, Maggie confides in him that Ned is Maurices real father, meaning that Maurice is technically entitled to the entire winnings. Jackie urges her to claim the fortune for Maurice, but she demurs, determined to keep the secret so that Maurice will have a father and the villagers will have their money. Finally, Jackie, Michael, Maurice, and several other villagers stand on a headland and raise their glasses to Ned, Jones originally developed the idea for Waking Ned as a roughly 10-minute short film, but later expanded the work into a full-length script. In a 2013 interview, Jones reflected, Investors responded to the humour and engaging story and came on board, I was grateful to the cast and crew who agreed to work for reduced fees in order to get the film made. When the film was finished, we put it in the boot of a car and drove to Cannes where we screened it and sold it to Fox Searchlight in the US, where it was released later that year
25.
Ireland
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Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time
26.
Stormbreaker (film)
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Stormbreaker is a 2006 action spy film directed by Geoffrey Sax. The screenplay by Anthony Horowitz is based on his novel of the same name, the film stars Alex Pettyfer as Alex Rider, and also stars Mickey Rourke, Bill Nighy, Sophie Okenedo, Alicia Silverstone, Sarah Bolger, Stephen Fry and Ewan McGregor. Stormbreaker was an international co-production between companies and financiers from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany, the films plot follows a teenage boy who is recruited by MI6 after his uncle, a secret agent, is killed in action. Intended to be the first entry in a franchise, Stormbreaker grossed between $20.7 and $23.9 million worldwide upon its theatrical release, thus failing to recoup its $40 million budget. According to Rotten Tomatoes, the film was criticised for its lack of originality and believability. As a result of factors, plans to produce further Alex Rider films were dropped. Alex Rider is a 14-year-old schoolboy who lives with his uncle Ian, Ian is supposedly a bank manager and is, much to Alexs regret, often away from home. One day, Alex is told that his uncle has died in a car crash, but quickly discovers that his uncle was in fact a spy working for MI6 and was murdered. He is then recruited by his uncles former employers, Alan Blunt and Mrs. Jones of the Special Operations Division of MI6, who explain to Alex that his uncle has been training him as a spy. Alex initially refuses to cooperate but agrees when they threaten to not renew the visa, Alex is then sent to a military training camp near Credenhill, the home of the Special Air Service. At first, his fellow trainees look down on him because of his age and he sets off on his first mission, aided by gadgets from Smithers. Billionaire Darrius Sayle is donating free high-powered computer systems codenamed Stormbreaker to every school in the United Kingdom, MI6 are suspicious of his seemingly generous plans and send Alex undercover as a competition winner to investigate. There, he meets Sayle himself and his two accomplices, Mr. Grin and Nadia Vole, and is shown the Stormbreaker computer in action. Later, while Alex is having dinner with Sayle, the suspicious Vole steals Alexs phone and she goes there and finds Alexs true identity, while there, she is disturbed by and consequently fights Jack. Despite being outclassed, Jack wins with the help of a blowfish and that night, Alex sneaks out of his bedroom window to observe a midnight delivery of mysterious containers to Sayles lair. The next day, Alex finds himself in trouble when his cover is blown, Sayle leaves Alex tied up and departs for the London Science Museum. Alex then hitches a ride on a Mil Mi-8 helicopter piloted by Mr. Grin, Alex parachutes out of the helicopter and lands just as the Prime Minister is about to press the button which will activate the computers. Alex uses a rifle to shoot the podium, which destroys the button, furious, Sayle leaves to carry out his back-up plan, and Alex, with the help of school friend Sabina Pleasure pursues Sayle through the streets of London
27.
Keeping Mum
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Keeping Mum is a 2005 British black comedy film starring Rowan Atkinson, Kristin Scott Thomas, Maggie Smith and Patrick Swayze. In the opening scene, as pregnant young Rosie Jones rides on a train, when questioned by the police, she calmly reveals that the two dismembered bodies inside are of her unfaithful husband and his mistress. She is then sentenced by the judge to a unit for the criminally insane for manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Then everything changes with the arrival of the new housekeeper Grace, Grace resolves to solve these problems in her own way. She first kills Clarence the Jack Russell, and when his owner finds out that his dog has killed, she kills him. She sabotages the bullies bicycles, injuring one of them and thereby making Petey very happy and she catches the golf instructor outside the house one night, videotaping Holly undressing, and kills him with an iron. As the problems in the household seem to be gradually clearing, Grace is discovered when Gloria and Holly see her picture on the television in a news item mentioning her release and previous offences. It is then that Grace reveals that she is Glorias long-lost mother, Rosie Jones, Gloria argues that when having a problem with someone, one cannot just kill them. Grace remarks that this is the one thing she and her doctors could never agree on, despite their disagreements, Gloria tries to help Grace remove Lances body, but cannot face up to it. Over a cup of tea, the three women not to tell Walter or Petey any of what has happened. Mrs Parker, shocked by the attempt, has a heart attack. Walter returns from the convention just then and sees Mrs Parkers body, soon after this, Grace leaves the family when order seems to be restored among them. At the end of the film, Walter is talking to Bob and Ted and they say that there is too much algae and the pond needs to be drained. Remembering that Grace disposed of her victims in the pond, Gloria, with a disturbingly cheerful expression, the film closes with an underwater shot depicting the bodies that had been placed in the pond, including the recently added bodies of Bob and Ted. Patrick Monckton as Bob Rowley Irlam as Ted Vivienne Moore as Mrs Martin Filming began in February 2005, the main filming location was in the village of St Michael Penkevil in Cornwall. Locations on the Isle of Man were used for all filming outside the village, the outer shots of the train is on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, the scene with the car going over a small bridge with the train going over another is just outside Goathland. Domestic Total Gross, $1,619,466 Distributor, ThinkFilm Release Date, September 15,2006 Genre, MPAA Rating, R Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 56% of critics gave the film positive write-ups, based on 85 reviews. At the similar website Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to each review, the film has received an average score of 53, based on 22 reviews
28.
Culture Vannin
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Culture Vannin is the trading name for the Manx Heritage Foundation, established in 1982 by the Isle of Man Government to promote Manx culture, heritage and language. Culture Vannins motto is Taking our culture forward and it is chaired by Chris Thomas MHK. Johns, opposite Tynwald Hill and next to Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, having announced plans for this relocation in June 2015, Culture Vannin opened its doors to the public at Fairfield House on Tynwald Day 2016. It was previously located at The Nunnery, Douglas, examples of key work carried out by the Foundation includes, The awarding of Reih Bleeaney Vanannan in recognition of an outstanding contribution to Manx culture. This has been awarded annually since 1987, support of events that celebrate the Manx language, music and dance, including, Shennaghys Jiu, Yn Chruinnaght, Cooish and Bree. The publication or support for publication of a number of books, commissioning and supporting a number of oral history projects
29.
Town
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A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a town varies considerably in different parts of the world, the word town shares an origin with the German word Zaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the Old Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the meaning of the word. An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom, in English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed. In England, a town was a community that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or other larger fortifications. In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, in Old Norse tun means a place between farmhouses, and is still used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian. If there was any distinction between toun and burgh as claimed by some, it did not last in practice as burghs, for example, Edina Burgh or Edinburgh was built around a fort and eventually came to have a defensive wall. In some cases, town is a name for city or village. Sometimes, the town is short for township. A places population size is not a determinant of urban character. In many areas of the world, as in India at least until recent times, in the United Kingdom, there are historical cities that are far smaller than the larger towns. Some forms of settlement, such as temporary mining locations, may be clearly non-rural. Towns often exist as governmental units, with legally defined borders. In the United States these are referred to as incorporated towns, in other cases the town lacks its own governance and is said to be unincorporated. Note that the existence of a town may be legally set forth through other means. In the case of planned communities, the town exists legally in the form of covenants on the properties within the town. Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor proposed a classification of towns based on their age, although there is no official use of the term for any settlement. In Albanian qytezë means small city or new city, while in ancient times small residential center within the walls of a castle
30.
Castletown, Isle of Man
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Castletown is a town geographically within the Malew parish of the Isle of Man but administered separately. Lying at the south of the island, it was the Manx capital until 1869, the centre of town is dominated by Castle Rushen, a well-preserved medieval castle, originally built for a Viking king. Castletown is the capital of the Isle of Man and site of Tynwald. The town has narrow streets and small fishing cottages, Castle Rushen was originally built in 1265 for a Norse king, then fortified and added to by successive rulers between the 13th and 16th centuries. The Castle has been used as a fortress, a residence for the Kings and Lords of Mann, the town and castle were the site of a number of sieges and battles, especially during the years when control of the island passed between the Norse, Scots and English. Robert the Bruce laid siege to and captured the Castle three times, fishing boats still go out to fish from the harbour. Commercial traffic to the port ended in the 1970s, although there has been an expansion of financial and industrial businesses in the area. The first telephones appeared in Castletown in 1901, Castletown is, along with Douglas, Peel and Ramsey, one of four town local authorities. They were all designated as towns by the Town Act 1852, Castletown became a local authority in 1883. Until 2016 Castletown was also a House of Keys constituency, electing one Member of the House of Keys, the towns representative until 2011 was Tony Brown, who was the Chief Minister of the Isle of Man after the Manx general election,2006. He retired in 2011 and was replaced as MHK for Castletown by Richard Ronan, since 2016 Castletown has been part of the Arbory, Castletown & Malew constituency. In 1874, the House of Keys moved from Castletown to Douglas, the town lies on the northwest side of Castletown Bay. The opposite shore of the bay is the west coast of the distinctively-shaped Langness Peninsula, the older parts of the town are largely built of local grey limestone. At Scarlett, a distance to the south of the town, there are the remains of an ancient volcano and various other features such as fossils. To the north-east are Ronaldsway Airport and industrial zone, and the village of Ballasalla, to the north-west the villages of Ballabeg and Colby, and to the west Port St Mary and Port Erin. The A3 road connects Castletown with Ramsey via St Johns, while the A5 road connects the town with Douglas to the north-east, the A25 road was the historical route to Douglas and is now bypassed by the A5. There are free electric car charging stations available in a car park in the centre of the town. 00pm, some of these services do not run through the town but use the bypass road. These routes are the islands busiest, in part because they also serve Ronaldsway Airport just outside the town, a late evening service also operates on Friday and Saturday evenings, called the Hullaid Oie, which charges premium fare rates
31.
Douglas, Isle of Man
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Douglas is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man, with a population of 27,938. It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, the River Douglas forms part of the towns harbour and main commercial port. Douglas was a settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. The town is the Islands main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, the annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas. In the absence of any data, the origins of the town may be revealed by analysis of the original street. Scholars agree that the name of the town derives from Early Celtic Duboglassio meaning black river and these may be references to the site of the later Nunnery, a little upstream from the port. This suggests that the origins of the nucleus were as a non-urban port. Current speculation links the buildings with the Irish Sea Herring fishery. Other forms of trade grew, and following the Revestment Act 1765, Douglas began to reap the benefits of trans-Atlantic trade. Legitimate merchants who rose to prominence over the period included the Murreys, the Moores, the towns later prosperity was facilitated by the low cost of living, and the favourable legal status enjoyed by English debtors and half-pay officers. The initial growth and development of the town owed much to its natural harbour, over the 18th century, the towns population rose from about 800 in 1710 to nearly 2,500 in 1784. Throughout the 19th century, the towns demographics followed the trends as the United Kingdom. The number of visitors grew from the early 19th century, and from around 1870 onwards. But there were increasingly unsanitary conditions, and poor quality housing, the open sewage, middens, and smell from the harbour at low tide all contributed to the towns uncleanliness. Douglas in the first half of the 19th century often suffered from the destitution of its population and the many epidemics, in particular cholera. However, an Act passed later that decade, which did not include opt-out clauses, was accepted, and in 1860, Douglas elected its first town council, which was predominantly middle class in its makeup. The Town Commissioners could tackle the problems with greater efficiency. The Commissioners also designed to alter the anachronistic architecture of Douglas, built during the era of fishing and trading, the proportion of the Manx population living in Douglas was also expanding, with 35% living there by 1891
32.
Peel, Isle of Man
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Peel is a seaside town and small fishing port on the Isle of Man, in the parish of German but administered separately. It has a castle and a cathedral, Peel is the third largest town on the island after Douglas and Ramsey but the fourth largest settlement, as Onchan has the second largest population but is classified as a village. Until 2016 Peel was also a House of Keys constituency, electing one Member of the House of Keys, Peel has a ruined castle on St Patricks Isle, and a cathedral, seat of the Diocese of Sodor and Man. Peel is on the west coast of the Isle of Man, to the north west is St Patricks Isle, connected to the mainland by a causeway, and to the west across the river is Peel Hill. The A1 road connects Peel with Douglas, the A3 road connects it with Kirk Michael and Ramsey. To the south of Peel is Castletown, the capital of the island. Ireland to the West and Scotland to the North may be seen on a clear day, the older part of Peel is built of reddish Peel Sandstone, mostly the original homes and businesses of fishermen and merchants with narrow winding lanes by the quayside. Before 1765, the town had a busy import-export trade importing goods from such as Amsterdam. The Isle of Man census 2011 lists the population as 5,093, the local authority is Peel Town Commissioners who are based at the Town Hall on Derby Road. The day-to-day activities of the authority are run by the clerk, Peel was the de facto capital of the island before 1344. Peel is the main fishing port and Peel Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Sodor. Peel is sometimes referred to as the red city, due to the red sandstone used to build the castle. As it is in the west, it is called the sunset city. Peel is a seaside destination for Manx residents and visitors in summer. It has narrow streets of fishermens cottages and a Victorian promenade which was built on reclaimed land, for many years the main industries in the town were fishing, trading and shipbuilding. There is evidence of settlers in the Mesolithic Age on both St Patricks Isle and the nearby Peel Hill, and Neolithic farmers are believed to have settled in the area. About 550, a Celtic monastery was founded on St Patricks Isle, excavations in the 1980s found a large early Christian burial ground, many of the burials dating from around 550. Some later graves had Norse burial goods, e. g. the Pagan Lady, the ruins of the original Peel Cathedral can be seen within the walls of Peel Castle on St Patricks Isle
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Ramsey, Isle of Man
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Ramsey is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the second largest town on the island after Douglas and its population is 7,309 according to the 2006 census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the island, and has a prominent derelict pier and it was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by Vikings, Ramsey is also known as Royal Ramsey due to royal visits from Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902. The name of the town derives from the Old Norse hrams-á, meaning wild garlic river, More specifically, it refers to the plant known as buckrams or wild garlic, in Latin Allium ursinum. The Isle of Man has been an important strategic location in conflicts between the Norse rulers of Man and the Isles, and the Scots and English, smugglers and pirates were also common at many times in Manx history. Ramsey was the place of the Viking warrior Godred Crovan around 1079, he was determined to subjugate the island. Two miles inland, on Sky Hill, an important battle was fought, on 17 May 1313 Robert the Bruce landed at Ramsey with a multitude of ships on his way to capturing Castle Rushen. Captain François Thurot, a then-famous French privateer, and notorious scourge of the British fleet, was defeated off the north-west of the island in February 1760 and his badly damaged, captured ship was brought into Ramsey Bay after the battle. Thurots actions had been part of a planned French invasion of Britain, in previous years Thurot had traded between Ireland and the Isle of Man and had been well liked by many Manx people, and regarded as an intelligent gentleman. Several cottages and bridges were built using timbers from the ship, hence Thurot Cottage. Pirate radio station Radio Caroline North was based in Ramsey Bay from 1964–68, during World War II, thirty boarding houses on the North Shore were requisitioned for the Mooragh Internment Camp. Ramsey is in the sunniest area of the Isle of Man and this is because Ramsey is in a rain shadow just to the north-east of the Manx hills, on the edge of the northern plain of the island. Rain clouds coming from the wind direction, the south-west. Ramsey is built mostly on ground and has miles of sandy beaches. To the north of Ramsey the beaches run continuously to the tip of the island. On the southern edge of Ramsey, at the edge of the hills, are a network of woods and glens, Ballure Walk, Lhergy Frissel, the Millennium Way and other paths and roads lead up to and across the upland heath. The new Ramsey Forest project aims to increase the tree cover in this area, a popular vantage point is Ramsey Hairpin, where enthusiasts gather to watch the racers
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Village
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A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings, however, transient villages can occur, further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. In the past, villages were a form of community for societies that practise subsistence agriculture. In Great Britain, a hamlet earned the right to be called a village when it built a church, in many cultures, towns and cities were few, with only a small proportion of the population living in them. The Industrial Revolution attracted people in numbers to work in mills and factories. This also enabled specialization of labor and crafts, and development of many trades, the trend of urbanization continues, though not always in connection with industrialization. Although many patterns of life have existed, the typical village was small. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed, Traditional fishing villages were based on artisan fishing and located adjacent to fishing grounds. The soul of India lives in its villages, declared M. K. Gandhi at the beginning of 20th century, according to the 2011 census of India,68. 84% of Indians live in 640,867 different villages. The size of these villages varies considerably,236,004 Indian villages have a population of fewer than 500, while 3,976 villages have a population of 10, 000+. Most of the villages have their own temple, mosque, or church, auyl is a Kazakh word meaning village in Kazakhstan. According to the 2009 census of Kazakhstan,42. 7% of Kazakhs live in 8172 different villages, to refer to this concept along with the word auyl often used the slavic word selo in Northern Kazakhstan. Peoples Republic of China In mainland China, villages 村 are divisions under township Zh, 乡 or town Zh, Republic of China In the Republic of China, villages are divisions under townships or county-controlled cities. The village is called a tsuen or cūn under a rural township, japan South Korea In Indonesia, depending on the principles they are administered, villages are called Kampung or Desa. A Desa is administered according to traditions and customary law, while a kelurahan is administered along more modern principles, Desa are generally located in rural areas while kelurahan are generally urban subdivisions. A village head is respectively called kepala desa or lurah, both are elected by the local community. A desa or kelurahan is the subdivision of a kecamatan, in turn the subdivision of a kabupaten or kota, the same general concept applies all over Indonesia
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Ballabeg
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There are several small villages and hamlets with the name Ballabeg in the Isle of Man. The name Ballabeg derives from the Manx Balley Beg which means homestead, although the spelling is different. Another source of the name is said to be Ball and Bag, a house nearby which was built by Sir David Mark Jordan. Of the several Ballabegs in the Isle of Man the most well-known, the village has the parish church, a Methodist chapel and railway station, served by the Isle of Man Railway. The village also had a shop and Post Office. It also has Arbory Primary School, serving the villages of Ballabeg and Colby, the Parish Church has a large churchyard with many graves dating back at least to the mid-18th century, although there has been a church on the site for much longer. Its most famous occupant is Captain John Quilliam, who steered the Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, every year a parish festival, Laa Columb Killey, is held in the parish of Arbory. This festival is main event of the year and it traditionally alternates between Ballabeg and Colby, but in recent years has been held only in Ballabeg, and is in commemoration of the parishs patron saint, Columba. Laa Columb Killey is Manx for St Columbas Day, there are a number of farms which produce high quality Manx produce. Manx Archaeological Register, available from the Centre for Manx Studies
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Ballasalla
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Ballasalla is a village in the parish of Malew in the south-east of the Isle of Man, close to the airport and the town of Castletown. The village was mostly from the ruins of the nearby Rushen Abbey. The lowest-level local authority is Malew Parish Commissioners who are based in Ballasalla, the day-to-day activities of the authority are run by the clerk, Mr Barry Powell. The commissioners offices are located on the road of the village close to the Whitestone Inn. The village has a residents association, Ballasalla and District Residents Association. The HQ of Citywing, the Isle of Man airline, is at Hangar 9 at Isle of Man Airport near Ballasalla, the former Manx Airlines also had its head office at the Airport. The village has its own school, Ballasalla School. Malew football club play their games at the Malew Football Ground, Clagh Vane. Both clubs compete in the Isle of Man Football League, there are 3 buses an hour to Onchan, Douglas, Castletown, Port St Mary and Port Erin operated by the nationalised Bus Vannin. There are also infrequent buses to Peel and Foxdale, Ballasalla railway station on the Isle of Man Railway is at the eastern side of the village and the railway operates between March and November. The A5 Douglas to Port Erin road runs through the village, the Isle of Man Airport is at Ronaldsway just south of the village and also has a small request stop on the railway, a short distance from the terminal. Arriving air passengers sometimes catch trains for the novelty value of travelling by steam train, St Marks Church is in St Marks Road, some distance from the village. The foundation stone was laid in 1771 and it was consecrated in 1772 by the then Bishop of Sodor and Man and it was intended to serve as a chapel of ease and a parish school more conveniently located for those from the outlying hill district than Kirk Malew Church. There was an ancient church near the site which is said to have dedicated to St Mark. The church was consecrated in 1896 and remains in use today. Both churches are Church of England in the Diocese of Sodor, Ballasalla has had three Methodist chapels in the past. The original Ballafesson Wesleyan Methodist Chapel dates from about 1798 and it was restructured in 1846, although the original roof slate is still intact. Ballasalla Primitive Methodist Chapel was built in 1833 and it closed as a chapel in 1949, but continued to be used as a Sunday school until 1975
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Barregarrow
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Barregarrow is a crossroad-centred settlement south of the village of Kirk Michael in the Isle of Man. Located between the twelfth and thirteenth milestones on the famous TT course, the crossroads is a landmark on the road racing course. The A3 has side-junctions with the C4 and B10 at this point, located at the top of Barregarroo hill on the Douglas Road two miles south of Kirk Michael, Barregarrow is a famous geographical landmark on the Snaefell Mountain Course of the TT Road Races. The crossroads is the location of a Victorian postbox, a red telephone box. The building is used by a seasonal carpentry firm primarily for storage, the crossroads is closed during practice and racing hours during the TT fortnight in May/June of each year and during the Manx Grand Prix in August. The crossroads serves as a convenient location for touring riders to retire during races prior to the high speed approach to Kirk Michael village two miles further on. The Isle of Man dog warden, a kennels and camp-site are located at Cronk Aashen in Barregarrow. Youtube video of 3 motor-cyclists racing through bottom of Barregarrow, identified as Cameron Donald, John McGuiness, and Bruce Anstey during practice in 2010
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Colby, Isle of Man
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Colby is a small village in the south of the Isle of Man in the parish of Arbory. It lies on the A7 road between the towns of Castletown and Port Erin and close to the similarly sized village of Ballabeg, the name Colby is of Scandinavian origin and is derived from Kollis Farm which was home to the lexicographer, Archibald Cregeen. The word Colby is thought to derive from the Viking words Col, the village has a railway station on the Isle of Man Steam Railway and is home to Colby Glen, one of the seventeen National Manx Glens. The village is home to Colby Football Club who play in the Isle of Man Football League and are based at Glen Road, Colby has long been associated with Methodism. John Wesley preached at Balladoole in 1781, invited to do so by a local family, the first Methodist preacher arrived in the village in 1822 and a local house was set up as the Preaching House for Primitive Methodists. By 1883 two Methodist chapels were built, Colby Primitive Methodist Chapel on Main Road which closed in 1950, Colby Wesleyan Methodist Chapel on Station Road was also built in 1833. Colby Glen is a valley just north of the village, with ash, beech, elm. It is 2.0 hectares or 4.9 acres, the Colby river runs through it
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Crosby, Isle of Man
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Crosby is a small village 3.7 mi west of Douglas on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the TT races and Manx Grand Prix in the Isle of Man. It has a population of about 900, the River Dhoo flows through the village. The village is situated in the centre of the parish of Marown on the A1, the old St Runius church, which was the original Marown parish church until the new church was built in 1859, is located in Crosby. Part of the old church back to the 12th century. When the new church was built, the church was used as a mortuary chapel. The building was restored and re-opened on 9 August 1959, with services now held regularly each summer. The village also has a Methodist chapel, Crosby Wesleyan Methodist Chapel was opened on 6 October 1833. Marown Language Centre, a language teaching facility and training centre for teachers on the island is located in Crosby. The villages historic railway station opened on 1 July 1873 and last operated on 7 September 1968 when the line closed and it was on the Douglas to Peel line of the Isle of Man Railway which now forms the Heritage Trail, following the course of the old line. The station was demolished but the keepers cottage on the east side is now a shelter for walkers on the trail. Local amenities in Crosby include a play park, football and cricket pitch, chapel and pub. Marown F. C. is a club which competes in the Isle of Man Football League playing home games at the Memorial Playing Fields in Crosby. The village also has the Crosby Cricket Club which shares the same site, founded in 1946, the club is part of the Isle of Man Cricket Association
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Dalby, Isle of Man
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Dalby is a small hamlet on the Isle of Man, near the western coast. It lies on the A27 Port Erin to Peel road, five miles south of Peel, the hamlet looks out towards the Irish Sea from the western side of Dalby Mountain. The Raad ny Foillan long distance footpath runs through Dalby. Prior to its closure in 2007, the hamlet had a house called the Ballacallin Hotel which was known for its views of the sunset over Niarbyl. Niarbyl is home to a cafe and visitor center, as well as some traditional Manx cottages and it can be accessed by car, with parking available at the cafe. During World War II, a station was located at Dalby. The radar station consisted of a number of bunkers, still visible in the fields between Dalby and Niarbyl and now part of farm land. St James church is a Church of England church in the Diocese of Sodor, the church was one of several commissioned by the Bishop of Sodor and Man, Bishop Ward and was consecrated in 1839. It incorporates classrooms which are now used as the church hall
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Derbyhaven
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Derbyhaven is a hamlet near Castletown in the southern parish of Malew, Isle of Man. It is located on the isthmus connecting Langness Peninsula to the rest of the island, on the bay of the same name, in the 17th century it was a significant port. The then Lord of Mann, James, 7th Earl of Derby, had the fort on nearby St Michaels Isle rebuilt in 1645 to protect Derbyhaven from the parliamentarians in the English Civil War, later, in the 18th century, the fort served as a lighthouse. Derbyhaven has a plaque commemorating the Battle of Ronaldsway, in which a Manx revolt led by Guðrøðr Magnússon was utterly crushed by Scottish forces in 1275, photographs by Jon Wornham The Lords of Man in the Middle Ages Where the Battle of Ronaldsway is given as 1270. Manx National Heritage - Eiraght Ashoonagh Vannin The Friends of Manx National Heritage
