The Cretan State was established in 1898, following the intervention by the Great Powers on the island of Crete. In 1897, the Cretan Revolt led the Ottoman Empire to declare war on Greece, which led the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Russia to intervene on the grounds that the Ottoman Empire could no longer maintain control. It was the prelude to the island's final annexation to the Kingdom of Greece, which occurred de facto in 1908 and de jure in 1913 after the First Balkan War.
Stamp of Crete, representing the High Commissioner Prince George of Greece and Denmark
British Royal Marines parade in the streets of Chania in Crete following the occupation of the island by the Great Powers in spring 1897
The Cretan Executive Council in 1898 with Venizelos second from left
Venizelos with his partners Foumis and Manos in Theriso
Ottoman Turkish was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire. It borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian. It was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. During the peak of Ottoman power, words of foreign origin in Turkish literature in the Ottoman Empire heavily outnumbered native Turkish words, with Arabic and Persian vocabulary accounting for up to 88% of the Ottoman vocabulary in some texts.
A poem about Rumi in Ottoman Turkish.
Calendar in Thessaloniki 1896, a cosmopolitan city; the first three lines in Ottoman script
