Critical rationalism is Karl Popper's answer to what he considered the most important problems of epistemology and philosophy of science: the problems of the growth of knowledge, notably by induction,
Tarski inspired Popper with his semantic theory of truth.
Lakatos described the aspects of scientific methodology leading to the rejection of research programs and their theories
Adolf Hitler giving speech on March 15, 1938 in Heldenplatz, three days after the Anschluss.
Sigmund Freud developed the theories of "Psychoanalysis". Popper considered these theories to be unscientific because they were not falsifiable.
Falsifiability is a standard of evaluation of scientific statements, including theories and hypotheses. A statement is falsifiable if it belongs to a language or logical structure capable of describin
Critical rationalism
…context of a less rigorous methodology based on critical thinking. The central technical concept in the application of critical rationalism to science is falsifiability. Popper first mentioned the term "critical rationalism" in The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) and also later in Conjectures and Refutations (1963…
Here are two black swans, but even with no black swans, "All swans are white" would still be shown falsifiable by "Here is a black swan"—it would still be a valid observation statement in the empirical language, even if empirically false.
Clyde Cowan conducting the neutrino experiment (1956)
A black-bodied and white-bodied peppered moth
Guido Reni Michael Defeats Satan